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3B. A. WEBSTER. Editor and Proprietor. A Weekly Paper Devoted to Temperance, Literature and Polilia?. VOLUME II. ORANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1875. NUMBER 12. TIMELY TOPICS. THE compulsory school law in New York, which promised so much nt thc time of its enactment, lias already Itccomc a dead letter. Out of the 15,000 children which were known in January to be tru ants, only .'l?? have been compelled to attend school, and their attendance for six months has cost thc city $14,000. It lt lakes time to learn, but sooner or later people must learn that there are social Wrongs which indirectly affect the slate that laws alone cannot control. G?MGXAXI states that the soundings for the submarine tunnel between ling land and France arc being- carried on actively. They are at this moment di rected to thc part of the straits near the English coast, at a few miles from shore. Each evening the vessel which carries thc commission returns to Dover, Calais or Boulogne, and work is recommenced the next day. The engineers charged with that important labor, MM. Larousse and Lavallc, are perfectly satisfied with the j results obtained ; and so far nothing luis I occurred to destroy their previsions rela tive to the depth. ">R. FRANCIS WU AUTON, in an article in Lippincott's Magazine, discusses the relations of spiritualism and jurispru dence. "What attitude," bc asks, "is urisprudenee to assume toward a person who, charged with an invasion of tin laws of the land, sets up a defense that ho was acting under the constraint (d' a superior spiritual power? What attitude is jurisprudence to assume toward those who exercise such power for an illegal end?" Dr. Wharton has no doubt that mediums arc responsible for acts done while professedly entranced, and for the acts of persons whom they may get un der their control. AN appeal is now before tho Xew York supreme court, involving the question ol' thc right to assess churches for street im provements. Throe churches of Now York city unite in endeavoring to escape Ute payment of certain assessments lor paying streets. It was decided at special term of tho court that, under an act thirty-five years old, which has been once repealed-the repealing net being after ward itself repealed-tho churches were exempt from assessment, as they wore free from city tax. The prominence given to this case may stimulate thc gen eral discussion, which has not been in frequent of late years, concerning the exemption of church property from tax ation. _ T?ltKEY is afraid that Ruissia will take Constantinople and kick the Crescent out of Europe. Russia is afraid Prussia will take Finland and Poland. Austria is afraid Germany will take Aus tria. Germany is afraid France will take Alsace-Lorraine, and France is afraid that Germany will take (he province of Champagne, as Yon Jlioltko's soldieis got Slich a first-class taste of its sparkling wine during the 1870 campaign. England is afraid iier scattered provinces will take themselves and leave her only a nutshell to crack in ber own little isle. Spain is afraid thc United States will lake Cuba._ Tm: last on dil from Paris is thal thc Empress Eugenie lately requested Pres; ?dent MacMalion to permit her to visit Paris for twenty-four hours in tho most private manner, and that tho result was a prompt refusal. The French Govern ment permits the Bourbon Princes to reside in Paris; has placed the Due 'd'Aumalo(.(one of them) in Command of ono of the. eighteen {grand divisions of the French army ; permits tho Prince Napoleon (Jerome) to reside in Paris but, in the most peremptory manner, fornida tho Prince Imperial, a penniless! young gentleman nineteen year old, and his mother, a wddow with narrow means, to set foot on French soil The only plain reference for this is that President MacMalion and his/responsible advisors have no fear of the Bourbon or thc Orleans pretensions and 'pretenders, bu are infinitely afraid of young Napoleon and his brother. THE hoods which desolated Toolome and if ff neighborhood last spring, after the melting of the winter snows, have been equaled, if not surpassed hy those which followed eight days of rain last month.4 A correupondent of the New York Herald estimates Hie loss in the valley of tho Allies at 8,000,000 francs, and that in Heron lt, the Gard and thc Loz?re, at 20,000,000-a total of nearly $7,000,000 in ?m?rican money. Four hundred houses h ave been demolished and one hundred lives lost. Thc flood * nurat on .tho Abbey, of Fontfroid while .tho monks were at prayer, (hie of them was killed, and n?dfhoV l?st an oyo. The damage to thc rtbliey will reach $-10,000. In various ncigldH)rhoi.\.H vhc crops havi been completely destroyed, and even thc carib in graveyards bas been so dissolved by thc water that collina have floated away. There is still milch distress, hut liberal subscript ions are being taken up in Paris and other cities. CHAULES PHAKOS ADAMS, in his able I report as railroad commissioner ot" Mas- ' sachusetts, expresses the opinion that thc only course to pursue toward railroad corporations! is to bring to bear upon them the power ol public (minion, and suggests that this bc done by thc appoint ment of a board of arbitrators, like the one that luis proven so efficient in Mas sachusetts. The duty of this board, he says, is lo hear complaints, and if they prove just, to suggest to the officers of the corporation the propioty of correct ing them, if they refuse, an appeal fol lows to the board of directors, and should their response provefavorable uifthc mat ter is reported to the next legislature for such action as it may deem proper lo take. Thus far this plan, Mr. Adams states, has worked well: the hoard of directors have complied with the sug gestions in a frank and liberal spirit. He admits, however, that in Massachu setts the railways are owned by the com* munity, and'that popular opinion there would be prompt to sustain the commis sioners. Hut it is hinted that the popu lar opini?n of Massachusetts would have no effect on railways outside the limits of that state. _ AT the recent meeting of the Social Science association in Bristol, Professor I .levons returned to the subject of ex haustion of thc coal-fields, and very fully supported the views that have been re-! pcatcdly urged on that important topic. I Ile showed that the annual rate of iu-| crease of consumption, so far from having! been overrated in his previous calcula tions, was not actually in excess of those calculations; ami that the actual increase of consumption is at thc rate of ?ll per cent per annum, not in arithmetical but in geometrical progression. The total produce of IS73 is estimated at 128,080, 180 lons, according to thc rep'?' inspectors ol' 'inines. '~'?1ic-iq\m?tity eon urned for domestic purposes was esti mated at one ton per head per annum of the whole population, or between thirty and forty millions of tons. The total exports of coal are only from twelve to fourteen millions ol' tons per annum.' Thus some eighty millions of tons repre sent thc motive and manufacturing power of tiie country. Thc waste in consump tion, whether for manufacturing or do mestic purposes, is, no doubt, enormous It was lamented hy the president in his address, and admitted by all the speakers. The most economical compound engines only obtain ?rie-ele veil til part of thc ? theoretic value of coal, measured in foot- 1 pounds. At the same time, when wc j consider what is the result of the coin- ] bastion, in round numbers, of a quarter < of a million tons of coal per working-day ' throughout thc year in thc production of : mechanical power, we can form sonic faint iden ol' the service rendered by the | steam engine to the country. I Whence This Power.' ( Air. .1. H. Brown, better known as thc i " mind reader," is in the city, and on ? last Saturday gave a most extraordinary i j test of his powers. Quite a party of i gentlemen, including a number td' news paper attaches, met him at the Tremont house, with a view of experimenting with the strange force of which he is possessed. It having been reported that lie could read the mind of a person at j some distance, if properly connected with him by means of a wire, it was de termined to experiment in that dirction by means of the wire connecting the Tre mont house with the operating room of the "Western Union telegraph office, a dis tam e of nearly four blocks. Having rc cieved their instructions as lo the milli ner of procedure, a part of the experi menters repaired to the Western Union office, while others remained with Mr. Brown in the telegraph office of thc Tremont. Arrived at thc main office, one of the gentlemen took out a gold pen ed, wrote on a slip of paper in a spirit of jocoseness, "How is this for nigh?"I wrapped the pencil in the paper written) upon, and deposited both in a drawer.! Word was then sent to Tremont. '"All! ready." Quickly at cither end of thc! circuit thc wires were detached, taken in I hand at one end by Mr. Brown, at the other by the party who was to transmit! the message, and this position was main-1 tained for several minutes. The gentle man sending the message kept his mind' i intently pu thc fact that he had placed a j gold pencil and naper written upon in a t drawer, and in about a minute alter Mr. j Brown had taken hold of the wire with om; hand, he llegan to write with thc other Gold pencil wrapped iii paper, with something written on it, in a draw-' er. Thc writing is, "How is this for for high?"' Who can explain this phenomenon ; and what is mind, that in "solid lorin," as it were, the intelligence evolved from it can 1)0 passed along a common wire? Verily tiie study-not to say science-of psychology^ ?- io ?is iiifiiiicy.--C%/ci'i</? I Times. . A OOUI1LK IIA UV K.ST. A fariner Mit :il Iiis kitcllOII door, Smoking his noonday pipi*. And over thc holds lits eyes won* ast, Where Iii?! grain wi gobion ripe, N..?tilo,! away Through tho sum II KT day. With shadows and sunshine hard a: play. Down hy tho gato tho fanner saw ( And he eh nek led low in (?lev) Two, who whis|>erod logo!her there. "Sn!" said thu fariner. " I see If 1 guess aright, And their skies are hrlghl. There'll lie harvesting soon willi main and.might.' Tho weeks' weill hy, ami the old hai n groaned With the might nf harvest store lint lin- farmer laughed, foi well There reniained one harvest mero. Since Cupid had sown, Willi grain of his own, A crop that love must harvest alone. The farmer sal at his kitchen door. When the evening meal was dono, And he laid a kiss on his daughter's brow, And welcomed his ncw-fiiuuil son; And the harvest lime, With wedding hill-' chime, Snug ils days into merry rhyme. CIIAJIA.CTEK CONNOISSEURS. Saturday Itovicw. The vulgar tendency to simulate a knowledge about things where the requi site conditions of accurate information arc clearly wanting, has ever been a theme for philosophic satire. It is the recognition of this tendency which has led the thinking few to despise tho opinion of the many as a spurious and counterfeit kind of recognition. From Flato, who distinctly excluded mere opinion from the category of certain knowledge, to the mod ern idealist, who pays no heed to the strongest assurances of common sense, philosophers have made light of prevail ing convictions, on the ground that they are formed in haste, and with no due ap preciation of thc conditions of a rational certainty. Not only so, but science itself, which might he supposed to maintain a more amicable attitude toward prevailing belief, has long since learnt to imitate philosophy in its contempt for vulgar ideas, and a .scientific lecture would now be deemed wanting in spirit ami point if it failed to illustrate, by some startling example, thc wide opposition between the habituai inferences of common minds and the verified conclusions of the savant. Nowhere, perhaps, does popular belief exhibit its hastiness and inadequacy more conspicuously than in the readiness of most persons to pronounce an opinion re specting the characters and motives of others. The confidence with which many a man and woman will talk about the de sires and habits of a comparatively new - \ - -ntAUco ...."ii* Minti ns asignal illustration ol the cager-' ness of mankind to seem wise. There are many whose modesty and good sense would prevent their giving an opinion on any point of scientific Knowledge or aesthetic appreciation, who, nevertheless, feel no hesitation in passing judgment respecting matters of conduct, of which their knowledge is infinitesimal. Num bers of people, who do not in the least seem to bc ashamed of ignorance respect ing most matters of discussion, arc quite sensitive as to their reputation for knowl edge, with respect to the intricacies of human character. When, for example, there is an addition to thc society of a small town, through thc arrival of a new family, there is the greatest impatience to have a definite and fixed opinion re jecting thc idiosyncrasies of the new comers. There will certainly he more han one knowing person wiiose supposed iniekness of perception will at once coa de them, satisfactorily to themselves, lo lelinc and characterize the man or ivoman about whom curiosity i.> natur illy aroused. It is curious, loo, to no lice the readiness of others to accord to these persons the special faculty for intui tion which they claim for themselves, lt lias often been remarked, that thc first condition of winning the confidence of ?tilers, is to display a fair amount of self confidence, and this truth h fully illus trated in the case of thc people whom we ure now considering. When a lady gives Dill among her acquaintance that she is un expert in matters nf character and dis position, she speedily gains an enviable reputation for this kind of prescience; If there is any new character to be deci phered, about which there hangs a cer tain mystery, she is tho authority to whom all repair, in order to acquire defi nite information. If a scandal is just germinating, and eve rybody is on tiptoe respecting its real nature and results, it is tliis connoisseur who is resorted to for II final solution of the problem. In this way people arc sustained in the pleasing belief that they possess some easy avenue to the minds ami hearts of their fellows, thanks lo which they are enabled to dis pense with thc tardy methods of observa tion, comparis m and analysis, and to read ll new character as confidently as au un folded letter. Yet it does not call for any remarka ble power of reflection to see that this intuitive kind of knowledge bf others must he very delusive. For, first of all, human character is au exceedingly com plex ami variable thing, and can not lie known except after patient attention. The facial perusal of character, ol which we now speak, always involves two infer ences, cither of which may bc a mistaken one. In the first place, thc self-styled observer argues, that certain things which have held good of other people will hold good of thc new character, and since il is exceedingly easy to mistake a quality of a certain order of minds for a universal attribute of mankind, there i- always a chance of a wrong induction. In thc next place, the observer is compelled to judge the whole of il character from tl very few data; and here again there is ample room or error in reasoning that, because one, I fe!tor acted so and so to-day, this must ?lie his characteristic mode of feeling or 'acting. In other words, human nature is too variable, both as a whole and within the limits of a single individual, to allow of thc*rapid kind of prevision of which we tu c speaking . There is a second obstacle to this in stantaneous reading ol character, which odis for special notice. Not only is marncter a phenomenon of great com plexity, hut it is also one in a high, degree inaccessible. For, in the first place, all thc thoughts and purposes of another have to be inferred from external signs; and this process, however carefully car ried tm, must always he liable to error. The real uniformities of connection be tween feeling and expression, for exam ple, can only bc known approximately after a wide and careful comparisoivt'of in dividual peculiarities; This 'reflection never occurs to the confident connoisseur of physiognomy, who fondly imagines Unit every moral peculiarity is distinctly indicated by some one form of ?facial structure or movement. In thc second place, it should he remembered that all of us have a certain power of dissimula tion, and most ol us are accustomed to pul sonic kind of watch on our words ami fictions. This is especially thc case when we have to confront a new observer. Wo do not care, in most instances, to be conned too easily by our fellows. Nearly everybody is accustomed lo some nieas srre of reticence before strangers, while there are few who, from a certain kind ol pride and titree of individuality, are wont even to mislead casual observers iespectingtheir real aims and sentiments. Thus it happens that a person who is ready at. it glance to classify any new yiiricty of character, runs the risk td'ac cepting, as au essential ingredient of thc phenomenon, something which is wholly adventitious, lt may lie said, of course, mat the instances we have selected are exceptional ones, that the great majority off people are both too much alike and ibo transparent in their words and actions to occasion tiny serious difficulty to a noter ol men's natures and ways. That there is a certain force in this considera tion may be readily granted. At the sime time, this fact docs not alter the truth til' our contention, that in every hasty judgment of character, there is al ways an element til' risk which forbids the process being described as an intui tive one. S~o, too, we may concede that a certain few possess an indisputable fac ulty of quick perception of the complex ities of human character. Yet, when we come to analyze this faculty, we find that it resolves itself into a happy skill iu conjecture, which no doubt includes a certain range of past observation as well ?13 a quickness of imaginative insight into i thor persons' feelings, but which, nevcr liip1o..o ?dwavs remains ?'bat Plato 'TOfllU IfilTt'T'.?n.^?M TH.jX---?-31..?.. w-Jiolly destitute of the exact certaWf- of scientific inference. Those who tee in ?his conjectural skill a mysterious power of intuition, are dazzled by the instances of correct prediction which they happen tb have witnessed, and fail to take account of thc errors to which this process is cer tain to lead. It would probably bean interesting in quiry to trace out the various impulscsof human nature, winch serve to sustain and foster this impatience in thc observation bf others. .Some of thc principal influ ences at work, will readily suggest them selves to a thoughtful mind. It ?solivi?os that thc mere gratification of pride which attends all consciousness of knowledge, real or imaginary, will not account lorine peculiar force of this tendency. That is to say, though it is true that the motive of vanity leads men lo imagine thal they are conversant with many matters of which they tire, in reality, profoundly ig norant, it (kies not explain why they should he especially liable to assume this appearance ol'intelligence with respect to their fellows. It is evident that these special influences must be looked for in tno peculiarities of the relations which people hold to one another. The follow ing suggestions may, perhaps, roughly in dicate the character of these influences. First of ail, it is manifestly of practical importance to everybody to gain some thing like a definite opinion respecting those whom he basto meet in social inter course. It, as some philosophers contend, the first motive of all inquiry is the need of a definite basis for action, ive may un derstand how it is that most people are so eager to come to a decision respecting thc dispositions of their acquaintances. Nothing is more embarrassing or annoy ing, for example, to a hospitably-disposed lady, than lo have to <io with a person whose tastes and ideas arc shrouded in mystery. By the very painfulness of thc situation, she is driven to franni sonic hy pothesis as lo thc person's real character, however little ground she may have for plausible conjecture. In this way, people come to delude themselves that they have ascertained a man's real character, when they have simply been driven by the in conveniences of conscious ignorance to construct a purely hypo.betieul concep tion with regard to thc object. Another influence at work in these cases is a form of the primitive fetishistic impulse lo in terpret everything outside one 8 own con scious life in terms of thc same. Thc same tendency which accounts for thc savage projecting his own feelings and in tention into tree or river nccounis foi people transferring their own modes ol thought and sentiment to every new minci which conic under their notice. It n quite curious to remark thc invet eracy of Ibis habit, even after limpi? op portunity has been given for d ii cover inf tho. endless diversities of individual tern pc rallient. Possibly there is a charm l< many persons in the spectacle of a minc relirinhig up to mature years thc naivi belief that all tho rest of the world must feel and net precisely as il does, and tiiii (esthetic consideration may serve st il further to confirm thc habit. I'cop'u ari on (nu raged in thc cultivation of thii mofle 01 regarding others, by the rcllcc (ion that it is taken to indicate a singu lar innocence of nature, and a loiichinj unfitness to deni with the harsh nitrion eic* and contradictions of human cliarac lorj However this may h;\ ibo luihitdoe .J . ?< ii '" . ' ? . s : > prevail in ninny inindSj ?iud is ?1 fruitful source of hasty inference nhl delusive misconception. May not one sec illus trations of this tendency in thegreat lia bility pf both men and women to delude themselves with respect to the"characters .which they choose for '(Tic matrimonial relation? Il is not only ihcMu. ocent girl which commits thh%error, by loudly im agil?ng in thc absence of evidence* thiS her lover must necessarily share her own june thoughts; the highly cultivated man. too, may fall into it, hy taking it for granted that the young "woman whom he selects as h is most intimate companion feel the same higll aspirations that he himself feels. ?l The other influences which appear to fav< ?ur this impatience ol belief with re spect to the characters of others are s-pe cial emotional forces. The operation of feeling io sustaining assurance even when there is the minimum of evidence has been a favorite theme of philosophers. There are two modes of this operation, according as thc feeling predisposes io belief in .miy shape or favors some par ticular va jety of conviction. both ol these modes may he illustrated in the class of beliefs of which we are now speaking. An example of the first is given us in the action of a love of power ?61 un our observation of others' characters, ipi. A readiness in unravelling the threads of j /.< human sentiment, and purpose has al ways he n looked on as a ground for self grnt'dhition and for the admiration of niters. A man who thinks himself ca pable of divining instantaneously! an ther's unspoken thoughts has not only the pleasing consciousness ol' power which every supposition of knowledge brings with it, hut also a gratifying feei ng of equality with this second person, fil?t is to say, he thinks himself mi a CVel with this other in respect lo the{ rnowlcdgc of any thoughts or impulses rhich may occur to him. Not only so, ?ut tho assumption of this omniscient iisight into character will pretty cer ainly inspire awe, if not dread, in many ?thor minds, so that the man or woman rho can make any pretensions to this inc penetration will lie able to indulge ii the most .delicious emotions of power nd superiority. A supposition so in eiisely gratifying as this must be will ?.etty certainly he scenic from that lose scrutiny and careful vcrilication rhich alone would prove its validity. The feelings which predispose men to n ter tai ll a priori a certain kind of notion especting thc character of others 'here is the desire for sympathy, which s very strong in most minds, and which irompts a person to anticipate that .very new character will respond in a ;ind of grateful resonance to his indivi llial sentiments. Then there are the inpulses of love and admiration which ircdispo.se the mind lo believe in human ;oodncss and render it optimistic, in its ^inceptions of character. On the other land, there arc the less pleasing senti ncnts of distrust, hostility, and eon cmpt, which sustain thc conception hat everybody is mean and ignoble till ie has proved'himself to be the contrary. riic.se and other feelings always dispose heir possessens to form certain opinions esoeeting any new character long before he.- have the necessary foundation for uch opinions. To any one who will risc himself the trouble of working out he many and complicated influences vhich tend to produce conviction re ipecting matters of character, quite apart rom the force of evidence, it can not bc illrpr?sing that people's judgments on he ideas and motives of others arc often 10 crude and inexact, and so little de serving to be called intuitions. o i pa: am aft vi<: am tat it < cit SCH hoi am tia of hi! tloi ah flu Uh Th wli to sm am th, lix th, "?I bei bei sit ur ph th, pr SCI hu nu 1), ne cn of CO-OPERATION IN ENGLAND. .th - pu rio- Civil Sei-y^e^iipnl.v AMMOFintioti amil | *yj This institution, little Heard of in the\lir. United States, is one of the peculiarities v'' if the British capital. The object is to ti bi ipital. The object supply families with articles for consump tion and general usc at thc lowest possible prices. It originated in a combination inning persons holding subordinate posi tions under the government, municipal ind national; hence tin: title. With their comparative small salaries, and ?heir anx iety to live respectably, they found il impossible to pay the high charges for the various necessaries of life, and so they nloptcd a co-operative system, a lil tlc like that attempted by the granges or the patrons of husbandry in some -parts of America, or, bj other words, something like the old-fashioned plan of orders ulopted in many of the manufacturing ?owns in our own country, the difference here being that cash must he paid for everything on. the spot. The institution issues 4,500 shares to its members, each of whom pay ?5 or$25 per annum, which, besides securing the benefit of the society, entitles the holder to take part in t?ie|?> meetings of the association and to have a ?'' voice in the management. Tickets may tl be sold to others on Uic, payment of half ?". a crown (02? cents), which tickets setairt the purchasing of goods at (he stoic-and from the linns connected with lhe asso ciation, but. they cannot attend thc meet ings or take part in the management. Tickets may also he obtained by tho wid ows of civil servants upon the payment \ h of haifa crown yearly, and hythe widows f' of members without payment. When "*( you are told thal this organization con-' b sists of hundreds of thousands of persons, j ?>: and that thc supplies arc furnished hy thousands of establishments, and thal no su h thing as a pecuniary loss has ever !;app.... i, or anything Mice dishonesty in ai y one of the branches, you realize how! . successful it has been. And this fad ia 3 more apparent as you examine thc prices' h paid by those who enjoy the benefits ot I ibo system. In looking over th? list of y articles furnished, I porceivc that ii. in- si i ludes literally everything - groceries. | .; wines and spirits, provisions' tobacco ao l a' ?gars, hosiery! drapery,* trent's and lad'KS 10 thing, Taney goods, drugs, plato, fura tationcry and jewelry, hooks and nuts ie louschold' furniture; in fact, everything 11 the way of necessaries and luxuries. The pri?e list for tin* quarter ending he. il 1st of August, 1^70, showed a n uction ol' fr?ni ."> to *2-~> per cent, on tho prevailing rates. When you rejleei that Iiis organization ?- not patronized alone iy the poorer classes, hut is really siip ortyd hy persons in the very best cir II install?es, and ineludcs.as 1 learn, very nilly of the nobility, you will see at once, ot only how 'useful i t is, hut how ncces iiry integrity is essential to ?ls manage lent. At fust there was a decided pro ust against it among old establishments, ut now it has become so powerful that includes thousands of cooperative ores, and, of course, compels by the cry nature of its competition reasonable rices among those who are not connected iib it. During the christmas holidays ?inc ol these civil service stores received rei* their counters as much as 8200,000 ia single day, and ii is a noteworthy ct, as illustrated, lor instance, by M r. erster, M. P., in his speech on the 'odd Upws, which is in England a kind of utiliil relu;!' organization, that the co leralivc system a-i applied to working .opie has been a triumphant success. mulan Letter The Destruclion of Lisbon. A writer in Lippincnt l's gives tin1 lij wing description j^f thc destruction of sbon : The morning of November I wned sefone, hut the heavens wen* zy; since midnight the thermometer had en one degree, Mea ll univ As it was c feast of "all saint-," the churches ?re thronged from an early hour, and their aitars brilliantly illuminated th thousands of tapers, and decorated th garlands of various tinted muslins d thin silks. At a (punter of ten lock the first shock was feit, lt was slight that many attributed it to the ssage of heavy wagons in thc street. J even lo mere laney. Three minutes erward a second shock occurred, so ilent that it seemed as if the heaven? I earth were passing away. This agi ion lasted fully ten minutes, and ero liminished the greater port iou ul the y was in ruins. The duslP raised ob ired the sun; an Egyptian darkness .vailed, and to,add io the univcr. for tl??^?V'irful screams ol' the liv* 1 the groans of ti;C,,vin- l'9S(jit#" i air, Ih twenty liii'ii'."*^ [W {J HS 11 (Vi ?i'j. A-'iiV?Ji - cvhwl? escape. Some were . ls, hut were soon disent,.. ing hy the rumors that those Who nail cady gone thither were suffocating ni the clfects of the dense fi ?tr of dust rich still rose from the falling buildings, en they rushed inwards thc quays ich line a part of the Tagus, b'.'f only learn the horrible news that tillie had ik into thc earth with all the people I edifices upon them. Those who night to put out to sea were told lb ik at the river, and lo! in its centre iy beheld a whirlpool which was suck r in all the vessels and boats in its vi iity, and not a fragment of them ever ing seen again. Toe royal palace had ih entirely swallowed up, and over thc e is now the vast square of the Taco, Black Horse, one of the largest public ices in lin rope. The great librar, of B holy ghost was in Haines, and its iceless Moorish and Hebrew maiiu ipts fast becoming ashes, 'flic opera use had fallen in, the inquisition was more, and the great church of San nuingo was hu*, a heap of stbnes, he ath v hieb lay crushed to atoms the tire congregation. Thc Irish church St. Paul was the death-place of one oitsand persons, ami inc palace of Kent .sta, where Catharine of Ilraganza, dow of Charles II., lived and died, id fallen over from i'm* heights on Idell it was built, and utterly desi roved c poor hut. populous part of the town hieb lay beneath ii. In a word, where it an hour since was Lisbon was now ithingbutdcsolatioii. As to t he people, lio can describe their condition? At asl 70,000 persons had perished, and ic majority of the survivors were emi ly wounded and in agony of mind and i(ly, Some went mad with fright,sonn st forever the power of speech; sinners L?ni about eon fessing their secret crimes, ul fanatics, believing the last day had nie. cried out lo the horror-stricken altitude to "repent, for thal Christ was niing to judge thequickand the dead/' Politeness in (?real Sien. Politeness is always thc mark of good ceding, and some of the greatest men ive been noted for their courtesy. Many they have owed the popularity thal as a recognition of thc greatness, in no nail measure to their consideration of hers. The following is related ol' thc ie Edward Everett : Many years ago, ie errand boy employed hy a puhlish ig house in a gnat city was sent io meure from Edward Everett tli.5-nroof iccts of a hook which he bao been camining. The hov entend thc vast brary, lined from floor to c.'ding with joks, in fear and trembling; he stood i awe of thc famous man, and dreaded > meet him. but Mr. Everett, turning om the desk where he was writing, .dived tin* hov with ie.e-;? ; ?ag coiir .sy, bade him sit down, cHttJted kindly < he looked for thc i>*i eauheets, and -ked: "Shall 1 puta pa r cr round them ir you?" as nolitclv as if hi- visitor ere* the president, 'fla' hoy flop::.tod i a very comfortable finnie ol' . lind, le had been raised in his own esteem by Ir. Everett's kindness, and has never .rgottcn th<* lesson it taught him. Pl' is said that fully three million cubic ards of iovecs will he needed foi Ibo Mis ssippi liver alone, thc coming season, to iy nothing of lied river, the Ontchita nd i he Atchafalnys.