Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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^^^^^MMM,^W??MMM??^??*?^*"*M*M>^I?^???W?M'??M??????^ ?'l -I HM--?mi-??J'ffc,.?milli. MIHI.M?WI ? >M | .,".,,.,,.., E. A. WEBSTER. Editor and Proprietor. A Weekly Paper Devoted to Temp?ranos, literatura and Poliii??. _ _ ,. i _ _? VOLUME IL ORAN GEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, OCTOBEK 30, 1875. NUMBER 12. TIMELY TOPICS. Tili: compulsory school law in New Yorky which promised -<? much a: inc limo of it< enactment, lias already become a dead later. Out ??f lin l?.OOO children which were known in January lo lie tru ants, only SOO have beeil coin jud led to attend school, and theil' attendance lor six months has cost the city $14,000. It It lakes time to learn, but sooner orbiter people must learn that lhere are social wrongs which indirectly ailee! the stale that laws alone cannot cont roi. GA?.IOXAXI stat' -that the soundings for thc submarine tunnel between ling laud and France are being carried on actively. 'They are at this moment di rected to the part of the -traits near the English coast, at a few miles from -hore. Each evening the vessel which carries the commission returns to Dover; Calais ur Itoulogne, and work is recommenced the next day. The engineers charged with that important labor, MM. Larousse and Laval le, are perfectly satisfied with thc results obtained ; ami so far nothing hits occurred to destroy their previsions rela tive to the depth. Ml. Flt A MIS WllAllTOX, in an article in Lippincott's Magazine, discusses the relations of spiritualism and jurispru dence. "What attitude.-' he asks, "is un-prudence to assume toward a person who, charged with an invasion of the laws ot the land, sots up a defense that he was acting under the constraint of a superior ipi lit ual power.' What attitude is jurisprudence to assume toward those who exercise such power for an ilk gal end?" Dr. Wharton has no doubt that mediums are responsible for acts dune while professedly entranced, and lor the acts ol'persons whom they may get un der their control. AN appeal is now before the Now York supreme court, involving the question ol the right to asses- churches lor street im provements. Three chu relies of New York city unite in endeavoring to escape tho payment of certain assessments for paying streets. Il was decided nt special tenn of thc court that, under an act thirty-five years old, which has been once repealed - the repealing act being after ward itself repealed-tho churches were " exempt from assessment, at; they wer?' free from city tax. Tho prom i nonce given to this case may stimulate tho gen eral discussion, which has not been in frequent of late years, concerning tin exemption of church property from tax ation. 'IT i: K KY is a Ira id that lluissia will take Constantinople and kick tin Crescent out of Europe. Kassia is afraid Prussia will lake Finland and Poland, Austria is afraid Germany will take Ans tria. Germany is afraid France will take Alsace-Lorraine, and France i: afraid thal Germany will take lin province of Champagne, as Voil Mobla '. soldiois got such a first-class taste ol' it? sparkling wine dill ing thc LS70 campaign England is afraid her scattered province will take themselves and leave her only : nutshell to crack in her own little isle Spain is afraid tho United State- wi! take Cuba. Tun he-t on (Hi from Palis is thai tin Empress Eugenie lately requested Pres ideni MacMalion to penni! her to visi Paris for twenty-four hours in th? mos private manner, and that the result Wa a prompt refusal. The Kreuch Govern mont, permits the bourbon Princes ti reside in Paris; has placed the Dm d'Aun?ale (one of them) in Command o one of the eighteen ??grand divisions o the French army ; permits the Princ Napoleon (Jerome) io reside in Parn but, in the most peremptory manner forbids thc Prince Imperial, il penibles young gentleman nineteen year old, am his mother, a widow with narrow mean? to set foot on French soil 'flic ohl; plain reference for this i.- that Presiden MacMalion and his, responsible adv ?soi have no fear of the Bourbon or th Orleans pretensions and'pretenders, h arc infinitely afraid of young Napoleo and his brother. 'fm: floods which desi dated Toulon? ind its| neighborhood last spring, afti the inciting of tho winier snow's, ha\ been equaled, if n ii surpassed by dio; which followed eight days ol' rain la mouth.1 i corn |> in icm ol' the Ne York llerald estimates Ibo loss inti valley of Ile- A Hies at .-'.ono.,ino fra lil and that iii I h r..uh. the < lard and tl '-"/.ero, at 2?,00(l,000 a total >>i' near ??7,000,000 in American money. Foi hundred houses base boon demolish and one hundred live- lost. The ll burst on tie. Abbey .?f Imiitfroid wh fie monks were at player. < lee of tie was killel, and another I- : an eye. '! dania:-, lo Mu- abbey will reach # |i),lH in various neighb.>rhoi.\.nvhe crops ha i hoon completely destroyed, and even thc j earth in graveyards lins been so dissolved I hy ihf water that colli ns have lina ted away. There is -ti!! milch distress, hut liberal subscriptions arc being taken up in l'? ris ?ind other cities. C'llAUI.KS t'itA'NCltf AOA.MS, in his able re j H ir t as railroad commissioner ol' Mas sachusetts, expresses thu opinion that the only course lo pursue inward railroad corporations is to bring to hear upon them the jmwer .>! publie opinion, ?ind suggests that this ho done by tito appoint nient ol':i board ot" arbitrators, like the one that has proven so cllieient in Mas sachusetls. Thc duty ol' this I ?on rd, he says, i- to hear complaints, ami if they prove just, to suggest io thc oiliOcrs ol thu eoi-poratioii the pinpi ty ol' correct ing them. If they refuse, ?in appeal fol lows to thc hoard ol'di rectors, and should their response proveftivnrableun|the mat ter is reported to the next legislature lin' such action as it may deem proper to take, 'flin- l'ai this plan, M r. A ?lams states, has worked well: the board ol directors have complied with the siig gestions in a frank and liberal spirit, ile admits, however, t hat. in Massachu setts thc railways are owned by the Com munity, ninPthat popular opinion then would bc prompt to sustain lin- commi: shiners, lhil it is hinted that the popu ? lar opinion of .Massachusetts would thnvi no ?ilbet nit railways outside the limits o that state. AT the recent meet inn of lin- Sochi Science association in Bristol, I'rofessoi .levon.- returned to the subject nf ex hauslion of thc coal-fields, am! very (nih supported thc views titat have boon re peatedly luged on thal important topic Ile showell thal the annual rate ol' in crease of consumption, sn far from bavin: been overrated in his previous caleula lions, was uni actually in excess of thosi calen lat ions; and that the actual increasi ol' consumption is at tin- rate nf ;\\ po ci nt I HM'ti nu tl in, not in arithmetical hu in geometrical progression. The tota produce nf 187.*? is estimated at I i's.csu, ISO tons, according to the rep/*; inspect ors of mines, "'fhe-quantity coi urned for domestic purposes was cst i mated at one ton per head jier annum o the whole popu ?at ion, or iietwcen thirl; am! linty millions of tons. The lota exports of coal arc only from twelve ti fourteen millions of tons p,-r annum Thus some i iglity millions of tons repre sent the motive and manufacturing pow'o of tin dimitry. Tlc waste in consum? lion, whether for manufacturing or do litest ie purposes, i-. no doubt, cnorinou lt was lamented by thc presiden! in hi address, mn! admitted hy all thc speaker? The most economical compound engine only obtain one-eleventh part ol' (hi theoretic value of coal, measured in fool t toll lids. At tin- -anic time, when w consider what i- tin- result ol' the con bustion, in round numbers, nf a i j un rle ufa million tons of coal per wiirking-da throughout tin- year in the production ? mechanical power, wo can form -on: faint idea ni' thc service ri adored by i! sleam engine to the country. Whence This Tower.' Mr. .1. \?. Itrown, better known as i! " mimi reader," is in thc eily, and < la.-i Saturday gave a most extraordinai test of his power-. ?'nile a party gentlemen, including a number of new paper at taches, met him at thc Tromm house, with a view ol' experimento with tlii- strange forc?, of which he ixissesned. lt having been reported th lie could read thc ii i i ii* I ol' a person some distance, if properly connect! with bim by means of a wire, it was il lemoned to experiment in that di ret ii hy means ol' thc wire connect ?mr the Ti mont house with the operating room thc Western Union telegraph oiliee, a .! lance of nearly four blocks. Having i cieved their instructions ns t.. tho ina nor pf .procedure, II purl of the expel mentors repaired lo the Western i'nii oilice, while others remained willi M Brown in tia- telegraph ollice ol' i Tremont; Arri veil nt thc main oli'n one of thc geni leint-, u took nula trohl pt e l. wrote on ?1 slip of paper in a -pint jocoseness, "How is this for h hrh wrapped the pencil in the paper writ I upi.n, mid deposited both in ?j draw Word wa.- (hon sem to '.''lemont. ". r.'.-i.ly " Quickly tit either end ni t circuit the wires were detached, tal.ei; hand at one en i by Wv. Ilrov.'ii, ai t oilier hy the party who was to transl the inossar c, and (his position was ma taine ! for several inimit?s. Tito gent mau sending the message kept his mi intently on the fact (hal ho had place gold pencil and ? aper written upon i drawer, and in about a minute niter .' I'.i'd WU had taken hold of ?he wirti w one hand, he !.. gan to write with other: '-(i-.i!i! pencil wrapped hi pai with -omething written on it, in a dr, ter. The writing i-. " I low Mii I for high .' ' " Wim can "s plain (lib phenomenon : : wdittl i ? ?..'HIM. that in " solid form," ti ! wen-, iii-- i ti tell i j!< nee evolved (roil j pilli lie pa-e-I along a celnlll'HI w i j Verily ile In Iv not to say science ipsvcholo'O tn ii- inftiucv. ('/iii ! Tims . .* i: w ? " *.r" ss AK v*KS'i* A (armor sal ul Iii- kin In n ilmir, Smoking Iii? mumlav i ii j Awl liver llii' llvlils hSs'eves wi re as:, \Vlldc tile traill sn u-ilili-n ii|"-, N...I I. .I away Tlii<iut:li lin* siiiiiiuer "lay. Willi >>li:nli>w< mel .uu-liiiie lianl iii |>lay. I??i\vn l?y (he nate Iii? i'ariii?-ry iw I IA iel li?- iii i i<-k li 'I ?.nv in ul. , Twn, win, wlil>|N-if<l in^vilii'r IIn-re. I'S?!" ? ii.I tin- itu uni. '. 1 - ?.. li I jaii-s" :iiii.-li:. An.I llii'lr *kles :in- Inijln. There'll l"- h.ir vi-i im: -..?.ti willi main ami m 14lit.' I The ui-i k-- weal liv. ami t!.l-l Lain ia..am .1 With tti-- nii?hl ->t harvi -i shir?' Uni lin* inriimr lau^liiil. i'm v i ii Thor?1 ri-iiiaim-<l mu- hurvi si mon', sim i-1 H|-ii| hail sn? ?, \V itli grain nf Iii- nwii, j A ? rup (hat hive mitsi hui v??.?i ali me. Th'- far.rsa! al his kiti-hi-n iim?r. When lin-1 v. iiiim m.. il wa-.li.m.. An.I hi'lael a kiss on hi-.lauuhli-r's I trow, .\nl u. I-..nuil his m-w-l'miii'l son ; Ami lin- harvisi |lnu>. Willi weililiti'i !.. Il-' i-hiiiie, S'uiii: it- .lay- ?mu mi-rrv rhynn-. ( ' 11AI? A ( T K11 r< > X X OI ss i : U J {S. Sat imho lli'vti'w. 'I'lie vulgar toinleney t<> simulate :i knowledge :il?iiit Illings whore the reipii site conditions of ?leeurate information are clearly wanting, has ever hoon :i (heme lin' philosophie satin', lt is tho recognition nf t ! i i - tendency which has led lin- thinking lew ru despise the opinion ol the many a- a spurious and counterfeit kimi ul* recognition. From IMato, who distinctly excluded mere opinion froni the category of certain kiidwlciige, to i'm- mod ern itlculisl, who pays no heed i>> I he strongest assurances ol' common sense, philosophers have made light of prevail ing convictions; on the j:ii nt nd that they are formed in hast??, ami willi nu due ap preciation nf tin' conditions of a rational certainty. Noi only sn. Inn science itself, which might he supposed tn maintain a more am ?eal ile altitude inward prevailing heliiT, has long since learnt to imitate philosophy in its eon tem pt fm- vulgar ideas, and a scientific lecture would now he i!i e?ne?l wanting in spirit and point if it failed in illustrate, liv some startling example, the wide opixisiiion between the habitual bifcrcnccsof common minds and the verified coucbinions of the savant. Nowhere, perhaps, does popular belief exhibit its liastiiicssaud bindee,liney inure conspicuously than in the readiness nf n los I persons tn pronounce an opinion re specting tin- characters and motives nf others. The confidence with which manyi a man and woman will talk alvont the de siri's and habits of a coiuparativelv new . *. . . -- ... ...Un .i ...IOT m ino as a signal illustration ot thc'c?igci' nessof mankind tu seem wise. There arc many whose modesty and gund sense would prevent their giving an opinion mi any point nf scientific knowledge or a'sthctic. appreciation, who. nevertheless, ?n i un hesitation in passing judgment respecting mat tors of conduct, nf which their knowledge is infinitesimal. Nant hers of people, who du nut in tin- least seem tu be ashamed nf ignorance respect ing inosi matters nf discussion, are quito sensitive a- tu their reputation for knowl edge, with respect in the intricacies of human elia racier. When, f- r example, thi ii' is an addition lu the .-..'-ir'.x nf a -mall town, through the arrival of a new family, there is thc greatest impatience tu have a definite and fixed opinion re specting the idiosyncrasies nf the new comers, fhi ie wil! certainly he more than one knowing person whose sup|>esed quickness nf perception w ill at once ena hie them, satisfactorily tu themselves, tn define and characterize thc mau or woman about whom curiosity i- natur ally aroused, ll i- CliriollS, tun, tu lin lice the readiness of tithers to accord to these persons thc special faculty for iniiii lion which they claim Ibivthenisclvcs. lt luiii orien been remarked, that tlc- first condition ul' winning the coiilidcnce of others, i- tn display a fuir union ut of sclf conlidencc, and this truth i- fully illus trated in lin- case nf the people whom wi" arc now considering. When a hely gives mu among her acquaintance that she i an expert in mailers ofeharncter and dis position, -he speedily gain- an enviable reputation lui- this kimi ul' prescience, ll there is any new character in lu- deci phered, about which lhere hang- a cer tain mystery, she i- tin- authority in whom all repair, in order to ac? pi i re defi nite information. If a scandal is ju-t germinating, and cyerylwidy is on tiptue respecting ils real lint li iv and results; it is this connoisseur who is resorted tu fur a liual .-nliitinn nf thc problem. In this wilt |H'oplc arc sustained in thc pleasing holiol thal they possess some easy avenue tu the mind.- and hean.- nf their f. Hows, thanks tn which lin y are enabled to dis pense with tin- tardy methods of observa Liol i. com paris 'ii ami analysis, ami tu read a new character as coniidciitly a-au un folded letter. Yi ! it dur ie,; e.di for any remarka '..le power nf leJlv-ctioii ;.' that the intuitive kind of knowledge of othci inii-i he .very delusive. I'm. first ol' all hiinc'.ii character is an exceedingly emu pies ano variable thing, and can not IM known except after patient attont Urn The facial perusal ol" cha rael er. ol v liicl we now speak, alway.- involves two ?ttl? r ellees, cit her ol' which may he a mistake! one. In thc firs j pince," thc sclf-stvlei observer argues, I hat certain things wliicl have held g?'od of oilier people will liol? lg'Mid ?if the new cl ia rac ti r. and since ii i exceedingly easy io mistake a < j 11:11 i t \ < il certain miler of minds for a uiiivcrsii j attribute of lUiiukiud, there :- always 'chance uf a wrong induction, lu llicne.N pince, i he observer "is compelled in jud? t!:e wholi of ii character from a very ("et ' Itt; and herc again then' is ample roo'i ii err? r in reiisouinj! that, ln'cause on felt or acted so and so to-day, ihi< mu: he hi- characteristic mode of feeling i acling. In other words, human nature dm variable, both ?is a whole and wit Iii the limit- of a single individual, tu..Hu nf tie- vapid kind ol prevision of whit j we an- speaking. HiiMv is a second Obstacle l<> tlii- in stantaneous rending ol' character, which ?fills l'or special notice. Not only ?. character a phcnoniciioii ot great com plexity. I ni t it is abo one in a high degree inaccessible. I'..r. in tit?- ii rsl plneej all thc thoughts and purposes of another have io l>c i n I erred from external signs: and tlii- process, however carefully car ried on. must alway- he liable t.. error. The ?eal uniformities of connection be tween feeling and expression, for exam jilo, eau only lu- kn..wu approximately altera wide and careful comparison of in dividual peeiiliaritie-. This icllcetioti iii ver occurs to the confident connoisseur nt' physiognomy, wie? fondly imagines that every morai peculiarity is distinctly indicated by some on.- form of facial structure or movement. li. thc second plaee.it should bi' remembered that all nf us have a certain |>uwer of dissimula lion, ?ind most ol us aie accustomed t" put sonic kind of watch "ii <>nr word- .uni actions. This is especially liar case when we have to confront a new obsi ever. Wi do inn care, in m..-t instances, lo !". conned t>.astly by our fellows. Nearly everybody is accustomed to sonic mens ure of reticence belbrc strangers, while there are lew who. from a certain kind ul pride and force nf individuality, are vont ?veil t-> mislead casual observer? i< -peet i Mir t heir real aim- anil sen t ? men ts. Thus it happens tba: a person win. i nady al a glance to classify ?my hew variety nf*character, run- the risk td"tic-1 r-opting, as an essential ingredient of tin |>hcnnmciion, something which is wholly ulvenlitiou<. Ii may IM> said, of course, that the instances we haye selected .ire exceptional ones, that the groat majority if |K'opIc are bulli ton much alike ami iou t ra ns pa rent in their \v< .ni- and ?nt ions j to occasion any serious difliculty t<> a lioterol in.-ii'- natures ami ways. That there is a certain force in this coii-iib ra tion may be readily granted. At the billie time, this l'ai', does not alter the [ruth ol' oitr contention, that in every 'tasty judgment of character, there i- al lays hu clement ol' risk which forbids thc process being described as an intui .ive ene. S... ton, w.' may conced? that l certain few possess an indisputable lac-' illy nf quick |tcrccptioii of the complex licit of human character. Yet. when we .onie to analyze this facility, we lind bat it resolves itself into a happy skill' ii conjecture, which no doubt includi - a j ertaiii range of past observation a- well' LS a quicknessof imaginative insight into ther per.-.MIS' feelings, but which, m ver fel. kl wa vs remains ?1 n l'lato ruilHlll.ne :n .i i...,- o - j., i rjiolly destit ute of the exact certa o.'i nf| cicntilic inference. Those who see in ids conjectural -kill a mysterious power if intuit ion, are dazzled by the instances if eon.,; prediction which tiny happen; o have witnessed, and fail to take account ii' the errors to which this pron -?. i- cor ain to lead. li would probably bc an intciv.-ling in |uiry lo trace ..ut the various impuls?se!' in mau nat ure, which serve lo sustain and lister this impatience in thu.observation if other-. Some ol' the principal inilii .lices at w ork, will readily suggest thoin elvc- to a thoughtful mind. It isobviolis hat i in met e gratification of pride which it tends all consciousness of knowledge, val or imaginary, will not account for the ?cculiar torce (.i' ili?- tendency^ That is o say. though it i- true that lite motive ifviinity leads liicn lo inmginc thal they iri- conversant with many matters ol V'liich they are, in reality, profoundly ig lorant, ii dues not explain why they lo H i b 1 be especially liable to a -nine this ippcarancc of intelligence with ri -peel m heir fellow-, lt i- evident thal these pecial influences mus; be looked torin he peculiarities of ibo relations which n ilpie bold to one another. The follqw ng suggestions may. perhaps, roughly iu licate the character of these intluences. Kirst of all. it i- manifestly of practical niportniice to everybody to vain sonie hing like a definite opinion resjieetiiig hose w hom be has lo meet in social intcr .oinse. li, as some philosophers contend, be first motive of ail inquiry i- thc need if a definite basis fur action, wv may un terstand bow it i- that most people arc .o eager to conic to a decision respecting he dispositions nf their acquaintances. "Nothing is more embarrassing or annoy Hg, for example, to a hospitably-di-posed tidy, than to have to do w ith a person vh?se tastes ami idea- arc -bron.led in itystery. Hythe very painfulness of thc filiation, she is driven t.. frame soniehy lolhesis as tn the [KM'SOH'S real character^ lowevcr little gr?iind she may have for ilausiblc conjecture. Inthi.- way. people .onie t.? delude themselves that they have isccrtaiued a man - real character, when hej have simply been driven bj the in oiiveniejices of conscious ignorance lo .oiisi ru et a purely hypothetical concep tion with regard to the object. Another lill neme a! work in these cases i- a torin . I the primitive fetishistic impulse lo in terpret evervihing outsideoiie'? own cnn -'.inn- li!'.- in tenn- nf ile -ame. 'I'la -ame teiideiiev w hich ace,nint- for tin ?avago projecting his own feel bigs ?ind in ientioii into tree or river aivouuis foi peuple I .?ill-terri ny their own mode - ol thought and -ciiiiiitviit to n erv new min? whieb conic under their notice. li i ;piile euri.,u- io remark lite invel i:a?iy of this habit, even aflei ample ..; poi! unity b:.- I-ceil tri veil (br d ?-co yen ni: the i'iid less di vivait ic.- ol' i Dili \ id lia I fem pei'.'men I. I'os-ibly lhere is a charin le many pcr-oiis in the -pcctnclc of : mimi lett, ?ninvr up '.. -I'IO.M' vi'.r. il.. ..:.?, belief lila! ali In- I? of the world m,, . feel an I act prcei-oly ns ii does, tin.' jil; icsUietic consideration may irv.- sti furl lu-i to ?oiilii in th? bal il. I'eop ;.n CHU el laged ill Mic ciittii ali.if ll,' nenie ot' regarding others, h inc . lion hat it is taken t-> indicate a dngu lar innocence of nature, nuil:! touchim imf ttu-ss to deal with thc harsh intiieti cie-aii'l contradiction-i of hiinian charae LI. However this may ! I he habit doc prevail in ?nany iuiml<, and i- a fruit lu I I source of hasty inference an i delusive misconception. May lint ono soo illus | ti alhms ??I* (Iiis W'iuloncy in thc*gron< lia [bility nf lioth no n anil women t?? delude I themselves willi rosset to tho clt?i:i?'ters [which they chy??so for tin- matrimonial I relation V I; is nui nilly the in. ??cont girl which i < OM mit- iliiscrmr. by fondly ?in ugiuiiig in thc absence of cvidcnci . thal lier lover must necessarily share her ow ii I Hire thoughts; thc highly cultiva tc?l man. ton. may fall into ii. hy toking ii for granted that tin1 young woman whom ; lu- selcctsashis most intimate companion i fid tin- same hhrli aspiratioiis that lie ! himself feel-. I Thc other infliiciicos which appear in I favour lin- i in pa tic if ec of belief with re spect hillie characters of others arc npe cial emotional forces. Thc operation ni feeling ii- sustaining assurance even when lhere i- (lie minimum of evidence ha- hoon a favorite theme oi'philosophcrs. There are two modes of titi- operation, according a- thc feeling predisposes to belief in .?.ny shape or favors -onie par ticular \a ' ty <>!' conviction. Moth ot these modes ma\ he illustrate?! in thc . .la-- of heiief? of wi i ?ch we are now1 speaking. An example of the li rsi i given II- in t li? ? ucl ion of a hive ol' power . .!> our ohscrvation ?if oilier-' characters A readiness ?a unravelling tia- threads ol lin 111 :t i ? sentiment and purpose ha- al way.- heeii looked on a- a ir rou ii? 1 lor sell-1 gratillation and for the ndihiratiou of other-. A man who think- himself ca- ? pablo ol' divining instantaneously an-, ut lier's unspoken thoughts ha- no; oidyj, t lit' pleasing con cmusncss of power j | which every supposition of know lc? Ige L tirings with iT. hui als?i a gratifying i'd-', ingot ctptalil.v with tlii- sec??nd per on. I, Thal i- to say. ?ie think- himself on a . level willi ?hi- oilier ?ll resp?-cl lo the', li?owl?'?lg?' of any thoughts or impulsesK ivhich may occur tn him. Not only so,I, mt thc assunipt'um of this omniscient I, nsiglit into character will pretty cor- L ?inly inspire a w?', if not dread, in manyi, ? I her minds, so that the mar, or woman j. vim ciin make any pretensions to this ? i:ie penetration will he able to indulge , II ihc most delicious ?'motions of power , ? in! superiority'. A -np|ios?i?on so in-N cicely gratifying a- this must he willi j ind i y certainly he 'eure from that , .lose scrutiny and i vivi ul verification . Vilich alone would pnive its validity. , Thc feelings which pre?lispos? ?nen to | 'titertaiii u priori i\ eortain kind of notion I. vspeeting tin- character ol' oilier- ?tren .h."...1 mta?Wj .vu utrwiikti liiere i- thc desire for sympathy, which!, is very st nmg in must minds, andI which | prompts a person tn anticipate that , .very new character will respond in ?I ? kimi . ? grateful rosonaii'V to iii- indivi-j ilna! sentiments. Then lhere are thc impulses nf love alni ai 1 ii i i ra i ion which predispo-c the mimi in boliev?' in human L'oodin--ainl render it npliniistic in its ['onecpiioiis of charai't*'!'. (hi the Other r. hand, lhere atv lilt' (e.-- pleasing senti- ? monts of distrust, hostility, and con tempt, which sustain the conception thal everyhmiy i- mea ii mid ignoble lill he has proved himself t?i he lin- contrary. These and other feelings always dispose , their |M)ssessois to form certain opinions ! :cs 1.1 ling any new character l??ng befoiv ihe- have the necessary foundation for -nell opinion-. To any one who will ?rive himself the trouble ol working out thc many and complicated inlliU'iicos which tend to pniducc conviction iv -peei iicj mai ter- nf elia tact c r, 11 uite apart inuit the Ibm; of evidence, it can not he surprising that people'- jiulginonts on thc idea- ami motives of ?Ubers hiv often -o crude ami inexact, and s?i li'.ile de serving to he called intuition-. CO-OSMMtATlON IN KX?iLAN?. 1 lu Civil Sifl'<<??' -lilli'':. 4 ?Mili:! I iie.i nu?! Its WorttlugM. This institution, little licar?! nf iii tlu lTnitcd ."Male-, is om- of the peculiarities ol' the I'ritisli capital. The object i- tn supply families with articles lin- consump tion and genet :;! i -eat ihr lowest possible prici s. lt originated in n combiualioii anions pei? ai- holding subordinate pn.-i tions limier thc government, municipal ami national: hem e the lille. \Vi:h their compar?t i vesniall -alarie.-, ami their anx iety t.? live iv-pectahly. i hey found ii inipo-?lalo in pay i he high charges fi?r the various necessaries of life, ami so they adopted a i -o o j tera t i vt; syM?'in, a lillie like that at tempted hy the granges or the pal ron-ol husbandry in -onie part- hf Vindh a. oi\ in ?ither ?uni.-, sonictbing like thc old-fashioned plan of ord? rs adopted iii many ol' thc manufacturing j town- in ourown coli h try, the ililli renee here liebig thal ciish mn-i he p.:i'i ?or everyihing oii the spot The in.-liiittioit ! issues '1,300 -baie.- (.? ?is members, each of whom pay L'?or'Si? jiev aiiiiiini, which, beside.- securing the lieuetit of lhe>?u ici v. entitles tia- ho'idei '.. take p.iri in tho mei'ling-? of th?1 association ami t?? hav. a v?>icc in the management. Tickets may lie -oh1, tn ni her- on Ut?' payment of half :i - rown(oi'.' cents), which liekci lin- purchasing of good* ai 'he si ire- ad from i he Innis ? ounce: il willi I hr ;?. ciat iou, hui ?hey cammi at trial the iin-t't im:- or lake pail in ?hr hianiigciiienf. Ticket- may tl Iso he 'obtained by ile Wid ?i'.vs??f civil servants upon tim payment n' h::'.'.! clown \ cai ! >\a:t<! by lin; widows of member- without payment. NVh?ii \ on are o h! thal 'hi- organization colt -i -' s of li u ia I red- ot' I liousauds ?if person -, :;?:;? Usa! .!". supplies ;:!?. f::n:i-!>.ed hy I.oii.-and ..fi -taiili-hni' u?-, and thal no i; h tjiitig as a jie?'tiii>ar; loss has over '...,,? . . -i .. lythiii'' rd;c ?li.-houesiv in . line of t he bi?itieh. -. yin: ivnli/.e now nm -?ai ii t a. -'it i.. A nd this fa? t i nt-iic appareil; as y oil examine th? price? p.'.ul .b; ?'a. wini enjoy-.tho hcncfits nf ?he.sysi?m, In l.i'.k .er tiver t?ie lisl ol articles furnisht d; I porcrive that ii ?:: ? litdes lite.'a'i v everything "groc?'iies wines ami spirits pin-, isii.ms. t?d?a< i'o a" ! I I cigars, hosiery- drapery Agent's and lad 'us I clothing, limey -roods, dru irs, plato, furs ! stationery ami jewelry, hooks uud-uuis ie household lu mit na- .; in fact, everything in tlie way of* m.ssa ri es and luxuries. The price list tor the quarter ending tlie "'l-t ol' Au-list, 1S7?, showed a re duction ol* from "> to 2? jier cent, on the prevailing rates. When you rejleet that thi- organization iu not patronized alone hy tlie poorer classes, hut is really sup ported hy persons in tlie very liest cir I eunistances, and includes,as 1 learn, very ; many of the aol ii lit y. you will sec at once. not only how'useful it is, hut how neces sary integrity is essential to its manage nient. At-lirsi there was a decided pro [test against it among old establishment-, luit now it has become so powerful thal it includes thousands ot" cooperative stores, and. ol' course, compel- hy the very nature ol' its competition reasonable prices among those who are not connected with it. During thc christmas holidays sinne nf these civil service stores received over their counters as much as ?200,000 ina single day. and it is a noteworthy tact, as illustrated, tor instance, hy Mr. Porst i r. M. P., in his speech on thc odd fellows, which is in Kngland a kind of mutual relief, organization, t luit the co operative system as applied to working people has been a triumphant success. /.'-/itloii Letter Tile Destruction ol' Lisbon. \ writer in l.ippincott's gives tlie li./ owing description ol' tin- destruction ot' .?-bon: Thc morning ol" November I la wited seteno, but the heavens were lazy; since midnight tlie thermometer had ison one flegrcc, Keaiinor As it was In- least ol" "all saints," thc churches icre thronged from an early hour, aud II their altai's brilliantly illuminated lilli thousands ol' tapers, and decorated rilli garlands of various tinted muslins nd thin silks. At a ijiiarter often 'clock the first shock was felt, lt was o slight that many attributed it to the .tissage nf heavy wagons in the street, nd even to mere fancy. Three minutes ftcrwanl a second shod; occurred, so iolcnt thai it seemed as if thc heaven-; nd earth were passing away. This agi atina lasted fully ten minutes, am! ere t diminished the greater poi lion .ul the ?ty was in ruins. Thc dust raiScd (th cured the sun; an ICgypliaii darkness ire va i led, ami to, add lo tlie eniver, orror tllivfcjirfiil sereams of the liv' nd the groans ol'tliSrmn ro?c-t|ir lieair. In twenty uj?i^a ' IJ ; ? ! 11 ti "; 'i ? . M iv/?V corr.-*! f escape. |?omc were tills, bul were soon disent?, loing by the rumors thal those who nail lnady gone thither were su fibra ting loni I lie etleets of thc dense fog of dust vhich -'.ill rose from the falling buildings, flu n they rushed toward- the quays ihich lim' a part nf the Tagus, hui only o ?carn the horrible news that these had link into thc earth with ai! tlie people m! edifices upon '.Inn.'.. Those who bought to put out tu sea were lol'! to r>ok at tim river, and lo! in its centre luv behold a whirlpool which was suck ng in all thc vessel- ami boat- in it- vi inity, and not a fragment of them i vcr eilig seen again. The royal palace had teen entirely swallowed up, ami over the ile i- now the vast square of tho Paco, i'r illack Horse, one of the largest public ibices in Ku rope. The gn at librar , of he holy ghost wa- in Haines, and its iriceless Moorish and Hebrew munti cripts fast hcconiiiig ashes. The opera nut-, had fallen in. the inquisition was m nunc, and lin- great church of San Domingo was lui; a heap of stones, he ictith vhich lay crushed to atoms the .ntire congregation. The Irish church il'St. I'aul was the dealh-place ol' one housand persons, ami the palace nf Heni .o-la. where Catharine 'ol' Ihaganza, widow of Chillies H., lived and died, had fallen over from thc heights on which it was built, and utterly destroyed ?he poor but. populous, part nf thc tow n which lay beneath ii. In a word, where luit an hour -ince wa- Lisbon was now ;MI h highlit di solatium As to thc people, who itu i i dcscriltu I heir condition"? Al least 71.1,000 persons had perished, ami the majority of the survivors wore erii L-1 Iv- wounded .uni in nguri v of mind and lindy. Sonic went mad with fright,-onie lost forever the power of speech; sinners ivent about con tessi ug their secret crime.-, ind fanatics, hclieving the last ?lay had lome, cried ont lo tin? horror-stricken mill; it mic in "repent, for thai Christ was .oming in judge ihequick ami the dead." Politeness in ("real Men. Politeness is alway- the mark nf good ? H ed ing, ami .-onie of tlie greatest men m vi been noted for their ci m rt csv. Many . t ihc\ have owed thc popularity that wns ,t r?cognition "f thc greatness, in no -mall measure io their consideration of ?thers. The following i- related nt" thc I.it.- Kd ward Even t'. : Many years ... ... the inend hov employed hy a publish ing house in :. gr.at eily was seii? to procure from ICdwnrd iC ve re lt th.?-i>r<iof siieeis nf a bunk which he han been rxiiniining. The lw>y entered '.be va-; library, lined front door to ? iling with books, in fear aid tremhling; he stood hi awe o'' the famous man, and dreaded bi meei him. lint Mr. livcrett, turning from the dede viere he was writing. .? .. ?ved the hoy with lc; -;;;iag cour tesy b;u!e him si' down, ci^t teri kindly us "lie looked foi lite .- . .?. r-heets. and iiskeil: .'.Shall I put M-I m i round therii for you?" c.- pulifelv as if iii- visitor were' the president. Thc ln?y den ed in verv comfortable hame nt' .?.bid. ?le had been raised in Iii? own esteem hy \Ir. P.verett's kindness, and has never l.-rvotti n the jesvuil it (aught him. |( j-- i'd (hat fu'ly three million cubic \ ?rd?: nf levi cs wi!) !?. needed foi1 the Mis sissippi i iver a'.i i.c thc i (lining -ca-on, io v uni hing of Ked ri vi i. tlie < hitchita ...td ?h.- \tch:ifnhty-.