The Batesburg advocate. [volume] (Batesburg, S.C.) 1901-1911, February 20, 1901, Image 4
| III J *
K
A SILENT RFXIGION.
Dr. Talmage Sets Forth Its Evils
^ ^ in His Sermon.
L Dq(t ?( Ckrlitlaai ? l?e?k Oil
^ U.artUy o? tk. St*. of Kl.kt.
( (Bin?Ci^tlia Oat til
Uiali Spirit.
tCepyrisht. 1S01. by Louts Klopach. N. T.)
Washington, i'eb. 10.
la this discourse Dr. Talmage calls
for a more demoaatatire religion aud a
hearty -peaking out on the right aide
of everything; text, Mark 9:25; "Thou
dumb and. deaf spirit, 1 charge thee,
come out 01 mm.
Here wus u case of great domestic
aguish. The son of the household wa?
possessed of an evil spirit, which,
among other thing*, paralyzed his
tongue and inadohisji apeechle.se. When
the Influence was cn the patient, he
could not say a word?articulation was
impossible. The rplrit that captured
this mcirber of the household was u
& dumb apirit?so called by Christ?a t
f apirit abiond to-day and as liTely and
p rotent as in the Mew Testament time*.
Yet In all tne realms of sermondom 1 |
cannot find a discourse concerning this i
dun:h devil v.hich Christ charged up- j
on in my text, saying: "Come out of j
him."
There haa been much destructive m- ;
perslltion abroad in the world concerning
possession by evil spirits. Under
the form of belief in witchcraft, this delusion
swept the continents. Person*
were supposed to be po*se*?ed with
gome evil spirit, which mathe them able
to destroy others. In the sixteenth century
in Geneva 1,600 persons were
burned to death es witches. In one
neighborhood of Trance 1,000 pcrEons
w?ie burned. In two ecntu'ics 200.0.10
*>? raons we e slain oe witches. So
mighty was the delusion that it included
among its victims some of the great- j
est intellects of all time, such as Chief
Justices Matthew lJale und Fir Edward
Coke, and such renowned ministers of
religion aa Cotton Mather, one of whose
books, Benjamin Fianklin said., shaped
hia life?and Richard Baxter, and Archbishop
Crauner and Martin I.uther;
and, among writers and philosophers,
* Lord Bacon. That belief, which' haa
become the laughing etock of all sensible
people, counted it# dlsciplee
among the wisest and best people of
uvicucn, vjfrmuny, i-u j* :bju C, JLiance,
Spain and New England- But while we
reject witchcraft, nny tuan who belieTcs
the Bib'.e must believe that there
re diabolical agencies abroad in the
world. While there ere ministering
plrita to blets there are infernal spirits
to hinder, to poison and to destroy.
Christ wn? speaking to a spiritual eststcnoo
when, standing before the effilclcd
one of the t-xt, he rtld . "Ihcu
dumb and dcrf spirit, e^nie out cf him."
Agulnrt this dumb deril of the text 1
put you cu yotu guard. Do not think
that this kgeat of evil has j ut l.is blight
on those who, hg oirinsion of the vocal
. organs, have had the golden gates of
speech bolted ard barred. Airorg
those who have never spoken rt word
ro the most gracious .and lovely and
talented souls that \ ere ever incarnated.
The chaplains of the asylums for
the dumb can tell you enchanting
stories of tlu ?e who never called the
name of fathe.r or mother or child, and (
xnauy of the most devout and prayerful
H I souls ?vlll never in this w orld speak the
f nsTii# of God or Christ,
I inlerc has been apotbeos'catiou of sile
ft. Eonn one has Mud silence Is
-> iV..<J^en, and sometimes the greatest tri- |
is to beep your mouth shut. But
silence is a
the dumb devil of our i : t. 'lheie is
hardly a man or woirau v.bo lias not
been present en eon e occasion w nr.
the Christian r. !!<- on became a target
for raillery. Perhaps it was ever in
the store some day wl.cn there was not
much going on, and the clerk* were iu a
group, or it was in the factory at the
c ?;"*11? or it was out on the farm
under the trees while you were resting,
^ *#. ** *? > uic .uiwiwum, wr ik wui
In & social circle, cr it was in the street
n the way koine from business, or it
*rsi on r- re occasion which you remember
.ithcrit rr y describing K.
Borne one got the lowjh on the Bible
and caricatured the profession of reunion
as hypocrisy, or made r pun out
cf something that Christ said. The
laugh started, mid you ji'r.eri in, and
rot one word of protect did you utter.
What kept you e ' r.t? Modeatr? No.
Incapacity to ruswrr? No. Lack of
opportunity? No. It was k blew on
both your lips by the wit rr of the dumb
If evil. If tome one should realign your
<atl;?"- or mother r>r wife or husband
?r n.. J, you would flush up quick ?nd
either with as indignant word or
j^F doubled up fist make response. And
xet here la our Christian religion which
cue done so much for you ard no much
for the world that it will take all eter- j
nity to celebrate it, and yet when it wes ;
Attacked you did not so much sassy: ,
"I differ. 1 object. I am sorry to hear \
you say thnt. There it another side
to this." You Christian people ought
In such timia as th< se to go arired, not J
with earthly weapons, but with the
sword of the spirit. You ought to baTe
four or five questions with which you
eould confound any man who attack'
Christianity. A man HO years o'd whs j
telling me how he put to flight a scoffer. I
3My aged friend said to the skeptic, j
"Did you ever read the history of
Joseph in the Bible?" "Yes." said the
man, Tt it s flue etoiy, and a? interesting
a etory sa I ever read." ' Well.
bow," ssld my old friend, "suppose that
account of Joseph stopped lisif way?"
"Oh," said the man. "then it w ould not
be entertaining." "Well, now." eaid tn c
mend, "we Lave in this world only hnl'
of everything, and do you not t i
that when we be r the. li st ha f thing*
msy be eonaiet- t, and that then we
may flad that Cod vr..> right?"
<>n, iriT.fi?, r et" r , ; i vp will a lew
interrogation potiitsi Yru cannot afWant
a Dispensary. I
The Uh&riotlo j reaohers arc hound
to keeptho old town in a f^rr:i . They
not only want to rogulato tho n:ayor
and the city council tot only-intend
u \ to break up tho euchre and run the
Py pokerplaycr id but thoy
Lavo begun a orusado against tho 1 arroombinordir
to tubstuulo a disport
nary. They have sounded tho t. coin of
war in the following a; 1 : ir it 1 by
themselves an i pabli. lied in tho ci y
lapers:
Whereas, Wo (ho m-t-hicraof CI ar
lotto aro unroir i romi:on?ly opposed
to the lioctiGcd col ??* , tiin by stein now
in operation in this city. and.
Whereas, Wo tc'icvn that tho disronsary
system lc ets tho evil of
drunkeur (s t and th r< by do T? a-es all
tho < vih; of whinh tho ssJo >n is the
fountain I n ad, ?-c t};o noder-i^ncd
minutern f f : 1 , r omo of u i out
: fgjjggfm
'^tr Ir^'bk oifouuistan- h
r
tori to k? afloat wkti Ooi Bible
u< tho thing* ct tt?rall7 art atballad.
Your eilonao ylree coneeat to
the bonebardmeat of your Fathor'e
hruee. You allow a alur to bo oaat on
your mothtr'a dying pillow, la babatf
of tho Cbriai, wbe for you went through
tho ayonina of aaaaaalaatloD ou tho
rocky bluff back of Jerusalem. you
dared not face a aickly joko. better
load up with a few queatlona, ao that
seat time you will be ready. Ray to tho
acoffer: "Mr dear air, will you tell me
what tnakea the difference between the
condition of wooaa in China and in the
United State*? What do you think of
the sermon oa the mount? How do
j-wu iim? tne golden rule laid down in
the Scripture*? Are jeu iu favor of the
Ten Commandments? In your large
and extensive rending bare yeu couie
across a lovelier character than Jesus
Chriat? Will you please to name the
triumphant deatlibeda of iutidela and
atheists? How do you account for the
fact that among the out and out believers
in Christianity were such persons
as Benjamin Franklin. John Hut
kin, Thomas Carlyle. Babtngton. Macaulay,
William Penu, Walter Scott,
Charles Klngsley, Horace Buahnell,
Jausa A. Qarfirld. Robert E. Lee, Stonewall
Jaokcoe, Admiral Foote. Admiral
Farragut, Ulysses S. Grant, John Milton,
William Shakespeare, Chief Justice
Marshall, John Adams, Daniel Webster,
George Washington? How do you
acoount for their fondness for the
Christian religion? Among the innumerable
colleges and universities
of the earth will you name mo three
started by Infidels and new supported
by Infidels? Down Id your heart ire
you really happy la the position you
occupy sntsgenistio to the Christian
religion? When do you have the most
rapturous views of the next world?"
Oo at him with a few such questions,
and he will get so red in the face as to
suggest apoplexy, and ho will look at
his watch and f?j he hs? an engagement
and must go. You will put him in
a sweat that will best a Turkish bath.
You will put Kim on a rout compared
with which our troops at Bull Run
made no time at all. Arra yourself, not
with srgiiments. but Interrogation
points, and I promise you victory. Shall
such a man as you, shall such a woman
as you, surrender to one of the meanest
spirits that ever smoked up 'rom
the pit?ths dumb devil spoken of in tha
text?
But thsn thers are occasions when
this particular spirit that Christ exorcised
when lie sfiid: "I charge thee
to come eut of him," takes people by
the wholesale. In ths most responsive
rdligious audience have you noticed
how many people never sing at ell?
They have a book, and they have a
voice, end they kuow how to read.
j.ucjr itBovr rcuf or tbe tuRfa and yet
are silent while tbc great rapt urea o/
musio pat* by. Amoug thcaa who alng
not ob# owl ef a hundred licg# loud
euou.yb to hear hi* errs veioe. Thcy
huia >t. They give a tort of religious
giust. T hey make the lips go, htst It it
inaudible. With a voice atrung aeeugh
to atop a street car oca block away all
they can afford In the praise of Uod Is
ibout half a whisper. With enough
sopranos, enough alto*, enough bassos
to make a email heaven between the
four walls they let the opportunity go
by unimproved. T'.e volume of voice
that ascends from the largest audience
that over assembled ought to be multiplied
two thousandfold. Ilut tbe minister
rises and gives out the hyrnu, the
organ begins, the choir or precentor
leads, the eudience are standing so
that tha lungs may have full rxpanilon,
and a mighty harmony is about to
ascend when the evil spirit spoken of
In my text?the dumb devil?spreads
his two wings, one ever the Hps of one
half rbe_e.udl?i;r? sp.f i.'li.r
iver tha lips of tfca other half of the
audience and the voices roll back lbto
the throsts from which they started,
and only here and there anything is
heard, and nine-tenths of the holy
power is destroyed, and the dumb devil,
is he flics sway, says: "I could not
keep niac Watts from writing that
hymn, and I could not keep Lowell .Ma
ton from composing the tune to which
It is aet, but I *iuote Into illrsee or half
Hence the lip* from which it would
have sprend sbrond to lilea* neighborhood*
and cities and then mount the
wide open heavan*." Gire the long
meter doxolcgy the full aupport of
Christendom, and thoce four line*
would take the whole earth for God.
That hjmn, "Oh, For a Thousand
Tongues to Sing,' wai suggested to
Charles Wesley by Peter Boblcr, who,
after his conversion, anid: "I had
better keep silent about it." "No."
said Wesley, "if you had 10,009
tongues, jou had better use them for
Christ." And then that angel of
bynjnology penned the words:
Oh. for * thousand tongues to etc*
My <ear Redeemer'* prals-a.
The glcr'ee of my God *r.d King.
The triumphs of H!* grace!
Jesus, the same that etimi our feere,
That bid* our sorrows cease:
'Tie music tn the sinner'* car*.
'TU 1U? and health and peace.
While much of the modern mueio
In a religious doggerel, a consecrated
nonsense, a snored imbecility, I would
like to see sotue great musician of
our time lift the baton and marshal
"Luther's Judgment Hymn," "Yarmouth,"
"Dundee," "Ariel," "BattleEtrret,"
"Uxbridge," "Pleyel'a Hymn,"
"Harwell," "Antloch," "Mount rfagnh"
and "Coronation," with a few
regiments of mighty tunes made in
our own time, and storm Aala, Africa
and America for the kingdom of
God. But the first thing to do la to
drive out tha dumb davil of the taxt
from all our churches.
Do not, however, let us loae ourselves
in generalities. Not one of us
but has bed oar lives sometimes
touched by the erll spirit of
the text?this awful dumb devil.
We had Just one opportunity of najIng
a Christina word that might have
led a man or woman into a Christian
lif* T? e finrnrf ttni t w ura**a falrlw **%?!
-1 I J .-...J J- -
before us. '1 he word of invitation ?r
coDcolation or x\*rn\ag came to tke
ees, do her? by call upon our people and
upon all tho ministers and people of
the country of Mecklenburg to aid in
tlio suppression of tbo saloon by using
all honorable means to liavo a dispeu
sary law passed by thin legislature.
1 'ensions Qoloro.
It may interest statisticians and perhaps
others to know that the aggregate
amount of ro^Dcy appropriated by congress
for p?n-tons siDcio tho end of tho
I'i.'il war in lSt?5 plus the amount oar
ried by tho p ndiig pension hill for
.1 fist il year 1902, h $2 821,117.426
Ar <t'!( r year will carry the total far
beyond tho threo billion mark. By tho
co'it-m of 1 SUt) the entire valuation of
the 11 souihern States afterward com
posing the Confederacy?tho true valua
tion, not assessed, of all property, real
and personal, in those il States?was
f5 202,l(J(?,207.?New York Sun,
Tired of Them.
A bill boforc the Lesislaturc of Nebraska
declared sunflowers and oookloburrs
a pnbiio nuisance, and makes it
H e duty of every cwner of land to
d .troy (hum between August 15 and
i? pt. 1 of oach year.
0
J* '
' laili* f?U of Ik* BntK, bit Ik or*
II haltod. lorn* hindering power
| looked tho jiwi together so that they
i did mot open. Tho tongue lay flat and
| otlll In tho bottom of tt? mouth aa
; though struck with paralysis. We
; woro route. Though God had given
| us tho physiological apparatus for
I speech and our luugs were tilled with
; air which by tho command of our
will could hare made tho larnygeal
, muscles move and tho vocal organs
vibrato, wo were wickedly und fatal,
]y silent. For nil time and eternity
; we missed our chance, or it was a
prayer meeting, and the service was
i thrown open for prayer and remarks,
and there was a dead halt?ovory,
thing silent as a graveyard at mid,
night. Indeed, it was u graveyard
nti nuasigm. An ?nib?rraiiin( pauae
' took place that put * wet blanket
on all the meeting. Men. bold enough
on business exchange or in worldly
) circles, shut their eyes as though they
were praying in silence, but thry
were not praying at all. They were
busy hoping somebody else would do
his (*nty. The women fluskeu under
the awful pause and made their fans
j more rapidly flutter. Borne brother,
with no cold, coughed, by that sound
trying to fill up the time, and the
meeting was slain. But what killed
It? The dumb dovil. This is the way
I account for the fact that the stupidest
places en earth are some
prayer meetings. I do not see how
a man can keep but grace if he regularly
attends them. They are spiritual
refrigerators. Religion kept on
ice. How many of us havs lost occasions
tit usefulness? In a sculptor's
! studio stood a figure rrt the god Op;
portunity. The aeulptor had made
the hair fall down over the fare of
the statue so as to completely cover
It, and there were wings to the feet.
When asked why he so represented
Opportunity, the sculptor answered:
"The face of the statue is thus covered
because we do not recojrni/e Op- j
portunity when it comes, and the j
wings to the feet ahevr tnat Opportunity
Is swiftly gone.
But do sot let the world deride the
church because of all this. for the dumb
devil is just as conspicuous iu the world.
The great political parties assemble at
the proper time to build platforms for
j the candidates to -tand on. A committee
of each party is appointed to make
the platform. After proper deliberation,
the committees come in with a
ringing report: "Whereas," end
; "Whereas," and "Whereas." Pronunciamentos
all shaped with the one
' idea of getting the moat votes. All expression
in regard to the great moral
! evils of the country ignored. No exj
preasien In behalf of temperate living.
for that would lose the vote of tho
: liquor traffic. No expression In regard
to the universal attempt at the demolition
of the Lord's day. No recognition
of Qod in the history of nations, for
, thai would lose the vote of atheists.
But "Whereas.'' ard " Whareaa." and
, "Whereas " Nine cheers will bo given
for the platform. The dumb devil of
| the text puts one wing over osc platform
and the other wing over the other
platform. Those great conventions
are opened with prayer by their chap,
laina. If they avoided platitudes and
told v ^ -
uvucav man in lueir prayers
they would say: "0 Lord, we want to
be postmasters ar.d consuls and foreign
ministers and LTuited States district
attornrys. For that we are here, ncd
for that we will strive till the election
next November. Give us office, or we
die. Forever and ever, amen." The
world, to aay the least,ianobetter than
the church on this subject of silence at
the wrong- time. In other words, is It
noi time for Christianity to become
pronounced and aggressive as never be,.for^2.
X* V ? xir!>r%':or'Vttfo tnu sfiufiety
and righteousness. "If the Lord be
God, follow llim." Have you opportunity
of rebuking a ain? Krhukc it.
Have you a chance to cheer a disheartened
soul? Cheer ft. Have you a useful
word to speak? Speak it.
Ho out and out, up and down for
righteousness. If your ship is nfloat
on the Pacific ocean of God'a mercy,
hang out your colors from tlia mnsthead.
Show your passport, if you
have one. Do not sinug-gle your soul
. Into the harbor of lleuven. Speak
| out for God! Close up the chapter
of lost opportunities and open a new
chapter. Hofore you get to tho door
on your way out ahnke hands with
some one and ask him to Join you on
the road to Heaver.. Do not drive up
to Heaven In a two-wheeled "sulky"
i with room only, for one, nrd that
j yourself, but get tho b!gfr-vt Gospel
wagon you can find and pile it full
of friends and neighbors and shout
till they hear you nil up and down
tho e.kiea: "Come with us, and we
will d? you good, for the Lord hath
promised good concerning Israel."
The opportunity for good which rou
may consider insignificant may he
tremendous for results, ni when on
the Capt. Haldane swore at tho
i ahip'a crew with sn oath that wished
i thern ail tn perdition, and a Scotch
' sailor touched his can and said:
i "Captain, Ood hears prayer, and w#
would be badly of! If your wish wero
answered." Capt. Haldane was convicted
by the aailor's remark and con
Tsrted and became the means of the
I salvation of hie brother Robert. who
had beea an infidel, and then Robert
became a minister of the Gospel, and
anrler hia ministry the godless Felix
Neff became the world-renowned tnisaloaary
of the cross, and the worldly
Merle d'Aubigne lycarne the anther
ef "The History < *. the Reformation"
mad will bo the priory of ttie church
for all aires. Perhaps you mav do
i as Buth as the Scotch sailor who just
tipped bis csp and u?ed one broken
sentence by which ho earth nnd the
heavens ers atlil resounding with noi
tent Influences. Do something for
i God, and do it right away or you wili
i nerer do it at ail.
Tim* files away fart.
The Phils wo never r?member;
I How scon our Hfe h?ie
Grows old with the year
That dies with the nut L>?ceint/?rl
. I A Bad Teacher.
: A special from Huntsvillo, Ala , pays:
j "News reached hero tonight of great
. excitement in Marshall county over a
case of criminal assault. A whito sthool
teacher named Hall, near Guutcrsvillo,
j it is said, ooinmittcd a oriminal assault
! upon a 13-Vtar olu girl. A mnh snnnwil
i the country for tho teacher, bu' ho fell
into tho hands of officers ardthis evening
was lodged in jail at Gunter-villo
i A report sa>8 hundred i of people have
gone there fretn tho county intcut on
hre'king into tho j til and lynching
Hall.
Tillman Endorsed,
la the ScDato Thursday Senator A'.d:
rioh offered tho following concurrent
resolution, which was adopted without
! discussion or dissent, and sent to the
house: Bo it resolved by tho senate,
the house of representatives c mcutring,
i That the atknolodgnjonts of tlo geno
| rn! assembly aro hereby tendered to the
lion. B. U Tillman for h<s able, pa
1 triotio and consistent cmrsi in tho
United States srr.a'c, thrrughrut his
service in that body, which cunec is
hereby indorsed and prooounocd worof
bis State and people.
>
IWORK OF.VANDALS.I
T ne Burnng of Columbii by Q?n.
SVinman i A?rny
i
IHiRIY FIVE YEARS AGO
I
i
A Ptory rf Su'f'rlng, C urliy
pncl Vandalism Oraphtca'ty
Trld by Cap*
D. A iDltk?rt.
The following in the stcry of tbo
burr;nk of Columbia in February, 186&,
by 'Jen. Shomsu's ariry as relate a by
'Japl. D. Augustus Dickert in l.ie history
of "Kcrslaws Biigadc:*'
When Sherman jut bis mighty ira
chit;c of war in mo'ir.n Kera^aw's brigade
v as hurrie d back 10 Cbarhston
1 i . /I ? r* .
acu up 'u vjrcortfi? h Mation, thcD to the
hi'dgo ou the Kdisto. Raiding parties
wttc out in every dircolior, des'royiog
hridg 8 tt-.d railroads, and #b the
nuihrrn army J alto pontoon corps
m r ruy methods of crossing tie deep,
sluggish HttesD H in tbrir rear I ut by
Irtt'iMP, it can b'en seen that tbo cutting
of one Iridce a'.one n.ieht be fatal
to the army It va* disooverru early
in the march that Sherman did tot intird
to turn to the right or to tho left,
but to oonticue on a direct lite, with
Celunbia as the ventre of operations.
We wire rcmovid from tho Kiis'o back
to Charleston, a: d up the Northwestern
railroad to St. Stephen's, on tho
Sattce. It wasfeand it at a rtiding
party frcm Georgetown would come up
ti e Santee at.d cut the bridge, thereby
so attC'g tho army Liaruco had in Oharub
ou and vicinity. Slowly Sherman
* diu- ecu Lis weary length along " On
Gc 13th of h\l?ruary the oorpsof Gen.
B1 ?'r reached Kingvillo and drove our
P ok<.ts awa/ Lom tho bridgo over the
C nga ec.
On tho 15th (f Folrucry tho advaaoo
ooli ma of tho'I wtnticth oorps ct.ni i in
ighu f Columbia. All the bridges It adit
g thcrero wtre birotd and the south
ern troops withdrawn to the eastern
side. Frank Blair's turps left tbo road
leading to Columbia at Hopkins, and
kept a direct lino for Camden An
I other c.rrs, the Fifteenth, oTosred the
Br>ad a( Columbia, while Go F< ur
j i' rth ?nd Twentieth wero to on ss at
Fresilej a and Alston. Ofdrrr had
been given toevscueto Charleston, aad
rl? the troops under Gen McL??s.
| at Ftur Hole S?*rtp and alone tbo
oorsr w?re to rcnditvtur at St. Stephen's
on the San'ee, and cither make a
j'icct:on wi'h the woitern arm? at
Chester, S. C., erifnot possiblo, to con
time to Ch sttrfi ld orChrraw. The
p:au of G e oaaipaign ra? now to c^n
cjctiato all the forces of Hood's State
iirojsatd Hard* e's at some point in
t p|K r S.u'h Carolina or in North Car
olina, and make one more desperate
stall i aid hi ucited action cru-h and
o^erthiow Sleraians a;u:y, thtroby
rilnving Lee.
Ou ih morning of February the 16.h
rl.c Lt.trny. without any warning wl a*
evtr, If fiii shelling tho city of t'o uui
t>ia filled viG.wou.cn aid clildien.
Now it mud be ieu.enibered ti a: tbii ,
*as not tor the purpose of crossing tho
river, fjr one of Sh'.nnao's corps had
a r- ady crossed belt w the oity and two ,
othcie atjove. Oao shell pa-o-ed through
Gto hotel iu which Gen. Branrcaard ,
van D L mi' 11IU0, OK orb situ.k,the I
Stae hi usct while tutuy I
lit the o tv J*on. Humi
h 8 srr ail force of cavalry early on tl.ef
ui'irnit-p of the 17;h, tr.d the ma\o~cf
be city mot aa < ffii^r of the federal
army u? dcr a ft ig of truco and too
.lered him the rurrendir ol the c:ty,
aMic'aimid protection f. r its iuhabi
tants. This w a? promised.
All during the day thousands cf the
tDciEy i>( u cd into the city, Gen. 1 er
ti an interjntr about nracay. Gens
Davis" and Williams'corps crospcd the
Sslulaaod continued up on the we6t
oru bank of livoail river, one crofting
10, the other 25 miles abr ve Columbia
The people of C lunibia had ho.ies of
a peact'u1 o cupatiou of the city, but
durirg the day and along towards
nigb.fa'l, the ilroatecng attitude of
tic soldiers, their < ruinous wordB,
hrc&lsif vergcarce, wiro Ico pcron:tu
i\r thepeojl to uiisuuderst ,r.d
o- to tspfct inoroy. These sign*,
urfnts and rruttf rings were but the
prelude to that which was to folluw.
KIKE ALARM.
About 9 o'clock the aUrrn of fire was
civi n and the arcad round of the fire
be Is, mingled with the I u u and roar
of ten thousand voices and the trend of
as many iroopi tarrying to and from
their cursed misrii-n, could be heard
by the now thoroughly frightened popuieoc.
The pei p!o, with blanched
countiranc. s. set features, looked in
nute riii nee into tho f?o s of each oth
tr All kmw and felt, l.ut dartd not
t v.n o themsehcH to whisper, thf m
li.i tskab'c tru.h. N >w another ?l.trui,
,, ... t r.r/v i.?ti ? i? j ? i. t_
muv.uv* "it uvu uIiuuui nn ri auu Willi
l! e g n ?*1 clioius of discord, sf ou'.b
>f t' C- soldiery, ihe frightened cries
of the j ooplc?yells o! the drunken
renj a?all a seething, maddening turbulotce
in the orowiud streets. A 1 a rid
giaru shoots up above the housetop-,
then the cakling and roaring
of the dread eleuicnta told but too
plainly that the bou.iful city was scon
to bo wrappi d in flames. Tnc sark and
i ii ago ha i begun!
THE LOOT Or THE YANKEES.
Few men being in the oity, tho wo
men, 'Attn rare heroism, sought iu save
some lutlo necessity of lite, only to
hto it Biiuck to the tl)or or sn&tcbrd
fiom their hands and scittercd in the
streets. Here would be a iono woman
huggit g an infant to her breast, with a
fo.vs'ri|8 of clothing hanging en her
arm* . 1 olploBB erpbana lugging an old
irunit or otics\ now containing all they
ciuld call thoir own?those would be
snatched away, broken open, contents
rifl.d by tho diuoken soldiers, or if
not valuable, trampled under foot.
Soldiers, with axrs and hammers,
rushed from house to houso, breaking
in doors, smashing trunks, boxes, bu
iraus and robbing them of all that was
valuable, then leaving tho house iu
flames. Helpless women, screaming
children, babes in tho arms, invalids in
beds, jolted and jostled against the
au'ging mob? none to holp, none toadvise?
tlietc defenceless sufferers rush
i ?d aimlessly about, their solo purpeso
being to avoid the flames and Beck a
placo of Hafciy. Tho fires originated
principally in tho southern section of
tho city, and an the firo ate its way up,
the howliDg throng followed, driving
the innocent and helpless ahoad.
As tho night woro on, tho drunken
soldiers, first tnado intoxicated by tho
wino in private collars or the liquors
in government buildings, now became i
beastly drunk in their gl ?c at tho sight
of tho do.itruction thoy had wrought. <
Tho womon and children followed tho *
lark background of that part of the oity i
not yet in flames. Tho federal officers, i
instead of offering assistance or a help- 1
%
* - \
Ihr hand to th? ruined and distressed
people, added icault to injury by Join
ing with the private soldiers in tie '
plundering of the city, insulting the
women and adding fuel to tho tiame.
All night long did the flames rage,
leap, and l?ck the clouds as ono block
of buildings after another fell?food for i
the devouring elements. This drunken
crgio was kept up till their craveu (
hoarts wero fully satisfied. A few
squares in tho northeastern part of tho
city wero loft, also several churohe*,
and into tkeso the wouion and ohil
dron woro hauled and packed, and had i
to remain for days and some for weeks,
almost en the vergu of starvation. The
fedoral commander, through tho bouadless
dictates of bis sympathetic heart, 1
, ... . . t. ?i--? ? -? f !
ovmivjiimail Vlim UIU 1LU lUpiDO
could reach, left the starving thousands
a few rations each of the plunder 1
ho had robbed of tho planters in the
country. '
UK4TITUTI0M.
No vehicles or horses wcro left in tho
city's limits?the bridges turned that j
led aoross the river to tho west To <
tho oast, Blair's dorps was laying J
waste everything in its pathway, whilo ,
above and below the city, for a distanoe |
of 50 miles, Sherman had swept the (
country as bare as if n blight had fallen ' t
upon it. How tho per pie of Columbia ,
fub-istcd daring tho time they w< ro j
Jicnnod in tho city ohurohen and tho |
ew buildings left, will ever remain a ]
mystery, and to nono somuihas tho J
sufferers themselves. i
Grains of ocrn wcro eagerly picLed |
np in tl e streets as they dropped from t
tho wagons, and the women and ohil ,
drcn of the lower olaBH and the negroes (
flecked to tho deserted camps to gather \
up the crumbs left by the Roldters or ,
tho grains trampled under foot of the t
horses. I
Each hou'-o in a plrotch of 50 miles ,
was entered and insults and indignities ,
eff-T'd tho dcfonclcss womrn whioh |
woulo have shamed the aavago Turk. |
Ladies were forocd to disclose at the <
point - f the pistol or the sabre, tho 1
hiding place of their littlo va'uables f
S >mo wcro forcod to cook meals and t
wait upon tho hell hounds, whilo they j
rcgahd themselves upon tho choice j
viatds or medicinal wiuca of the plau ,
ters' wives. But be it known to their |
immortal honor, that it was only on
tho most raro occasions that tho prond f
dames of tho South could, either by ?
threat or brutal treatment, bo forced to j
} ield to their imolcnt demands. With ,
the orders frc tu tho soldiers to "propare ,
a meal" or "disclose tho whereabouts |
of their money or valuables,'' came tho 1
threat, "Wo will burn your house if j
you do not.', But almost invariably j
came the quick response, "Burn it j
ourn it, you oewardly wretcho*, and |
kill mo, if yon wish, and all of us, but ,
1 will novcrsoil my hands by wailing (
upon a oowaidly Yankee, nor tell you (
tho place of concealment?find it if t
ycu can. ' Tho soldiers would question (
the negroes to find if thtro were any j
watcheH, bilvir plate, or mcney belong
ing to tho hou- ihold; if so, they would (
by a sy tteui o' icquesition, attemptt)
force tie women to give it up. but iu (
vain. t
A SUA VIC WOMAN. J
A woman, Mrs. Miller, the wife of a 1
neighbor of mine, had her husband's 3
gold watch in her bosom, ani refused 1
to gtvo it up when demanded, oven 3
wi on a cocked pistol was at her head J
Tho Vandal t truck her a f-tuuaiug blow 1
wi.h tho hutt end of tho pistol?all iu $
vain. Tho bravo htroino hold to tho '
heirloom, and stoutly resisted all en- I
treaties and threats. 1
Two?,Id people living near mo, broth- *
or and uiudcn sisior, named Liner, *
Trm II ]<?.-?? tinrf rur", w t ft" v (I to'
give their ruoin y. They had nouo Bat
one of the rutiimjh threw & tiro under
the bed, taying:
'1 will j ut it cut if yoa will tell me
where you keep your money; yru have
it, for I've btcu bo informed."
"Lot it burn," aDswend the old wo
man "Da you think to frighten or
intimidate mo by limning my house
tbst I will tell what 1 choose to oonccal?
Do ycu think I eare so much for
wy houfe and its bclongirg.? No,
no; you mistake the womm of the
South, you will Dover conquer her peo
pie by making war upon defenceless
women. Let the hcu*c go up in flames,
and my ashen micgle with its ashes,
but I will rcma<n true to mysolf, my
country and my God."
S-on all that wat lift of the onto
happy houio was a heap of ashos. V\ ill
God, in Ilia wisdom, ever have c?uae to
attain oreate suoh women aa those of
the Southland? Ur were there ever conditions
in tho * Of Id's history tha* re
quiied the presouee of auoh uoble martyrdom
aa was displayed by the wo
men of tho Sooth during tho Civil
War?
But a Nemesis in this case, as in
many others, was lurking near. Binds
of Confederates and scouts had scat
tend themselves on the flanks and rctr
of tho enemy ; old men and boys and
disabled veterans wore lytng in wait in
many thickets and out of tho way
piaces. ready to pounce upon the uasuvj
eating freebooters and give to them
their just deserts. Was it anyw indir
that an mar v Knnd rr.rl a ?i>.t iUn.nL
of tneso Goths faih <i to answer toShnoman's
latt roll o&ll? Boforo the bud was
u,aoy hourB older, af.er the burning of
tho lijaer homestead, tho dreaded
"bu6hwhaokern" wore on tho trail of
tho vaadah.
Kor years afterwards people, from
ourijsiiy, cajjo to look at a heap of
b< nes in nthi.ket near, bleached by
winter h rain and summer's bud, while
sorno cf tho older mm, pointing to the
ghostly relios, would say, "Those aro
tho rcn.aioH of Sherman,8 housiburn
erB." Aid euoh wero the scenes from
tho Saltkahatchio to tho Capo Fear.
Who wero to biam> ?
Sherman now dircols hiB maroh towards
WinnBboro and Chostcr, still in
tho four great parolx burning and plun
dering as they go. It so ni9 that iu
their maroh through Qoorgia they woro
only whotting their appetites for a full
gorge of vandalism in South Carolina.
Afto their carnival of ruin in Columbia
tho Federals, liko tho tiger, which,
with tho taato of blood, grownmoro rav
onous, btoime moro dohtruciivo the
moro destruction they saw. Great
clouds of blaik smoko rose up ovor tho
wholo oountrv apd darlrmnrt thn
overhead, while at night tho heavens
were lit up by tho glato of tho burning
buildings. Tho railroad tracks wore
torn up and bridgca burned, tho iron
being laid across heaps of burning ties,
then when at rod heat, were wrapped
around trees and tolepraph posts?those
last th'ough pure wantonness, as on
army was in their roar that ould ever
aso tho again.
A Pat Response.
Thero aro many ways of proposing,
but for tho "pop dircot, aud for tho pat
response," nothing oould well snrpasH
tho specimen furnished by tho l'uruan
and the girl who had won his affections.
Hiding up to her father's hcuso, ho
asked hor to be oallod. "Kaohell", ho
**id, "tho Lord hath pent mo to marry
thee." To whioh the dauisol, after a
inomeut's pause, replied, meekly, "The ,
Lord's will be done." ,
V ?
?
s
80*1 FLAIH TALK
To Sixty-four Legislates Who Voted
for Free Paste*.
The following plain talk from Anderson
Mail is commended to the sixtyfour
morabcrs of tho Houso of Representatives
who voted for freo paste*
And the house by a voto of 64 to
38 repealed tho anti-free pans law!
Sixty four members of tho houso want
tho railrcads give them froo passes
when the 8ta?e gives thorn & oentB
a mile eaoh way and they make 2
cents of that clear, as the railroad fare
is only 3 cents a mile, and if they
I II L 1
uujr a mileage dook ll is only 'J4 cats,
?o that they can make half of it clear.
Bit whatever it is the Stato pa>u it
and wore loo. and jet these (JI want
free passes. For what? The railroads
arc willing to givo them ?and why?
You plain people who work oa your
farms and business uion who s?and io
lour places of business day after day
ask yourselves why those railroads are
willing to give these free passes and
then givo a plain, oommoo sentc
inswer to it. Do railroads do business
for the fun of the thing? Do they cot
rxpeot returns of somo sort for every
investment? Aod isn't the giving of
'reo passes an investment? And do
lot the railroads know that these leg
slators may have to pass on legislation
iffeoting railroads? And don't they
mow that every legislator who accep's
i free pass from thorn is to that extent
indor an obligation to thorn? They
io uot oall it bribery or an attempt to
luy a man's icflucnoo or his voto. Oh
10, they havo a nicer name for it than
.hat. They call it exchanging courlclies.
"Courtesies'' is a heap plcasantrr
word and there is no unpleasant odor
ibout it. These legislators are sent
ihoro to represent the interests of tho
;ieoplo and some of them havo a heap
0 lay aboQt tho "dear peoplo" and
'my people" and the people pay them
'or thoir servioos, and not only pay
,hcm by the day but go farther and
lay them a good allowanoo for travclng
cxponees in the shape of mileage,
ind then th*y go and ask tho railroads |
'or free passes.
Why should a representative ask for
1 froo pass? Can he bo true to the
rust reposed in him when an issue is
joined between the peoplo and the
ailroads? Admit for tho sake of tho
irgumont that he can, then why should
ic put himself in a position to bo sus;>coted?
A true reprcsontativo ought
;i be like Carsar's wife, above bus
lioion. Wo do not boliovo it is right
'or bg'slators to aoccpt free passes for
;he r.-ason as stated above that the
ailroads cxioat a return of tho cour:esv
and a legislator should keep birnlolf
free from any sort of obligation to
hem?not in any spirit of hostility to
.lorn, but to maintain attitudo of
airnesp and impartiality.
When tho lljform movcni'-nt began
core h\n 10 jears ago ono tf its battle
ricH was 4,no froo passes," and when
Jtv. Tillman acoeptod freo pass No. 1
.his editor exo-riated him mercilessly
fjr acoi pting it; and the anti free pass
aw followed and has stood for 10
rears, and we have no doubt that nino.enths
of the people today endorse it
ret. If, as the father of the kill, Mr
spears, said the law is a reflection
lpon the integrity of the publio men of
.ho Htatc, what is to be said of the in 'n
vho repeal the law and aooept free
sasses? The anti-free pass law is no
nore a r< flection upon aDy lunliomsn
ly to.do right th jkti ilie law
Ooon o i'z wr.o intend to do right
Tho Mm! hits the nail on the hea<i
with every stroke.
agbevtarmy AND NAVY
What Militarism and Imperialism will
Costthla Country
Here are figures, compil. d from the
latest available Government statistics,
showicg that the 1 lited States is paying
a greater t rioe for militarism than
any other nation on earth, and almost
as mu rh as any t wo others t ir-Hl er:
United S'a'es?Army . . .$175 000 000
Navy 78 696.973
Pin-iions 145 'J 15 230
$398,942 103
England ? Artrv $193 085,000
Navy ! 134 975.000
Pensions 1 4't7,8lo
$239 467 840
France ?Army.. . $125 855,2o7
Pensionsinoluded in abovo . . 60,72o, 102
$186 575 309
G< rmany?Army $160,625,200
Navy 33 353 250
Pensions 16.323 900
$210,302 350
Huisia? Army ... $159,185 000
Na / 41 532 000
$200,717, t >00
Austri*?Armv $72 640 000
Na^y 9 986 000
$82 (526 000
Italy?Arm7 $52 880 000
Navy 22 207,000
$78 096,000
And for this enormous expenditure
wo havo a smaller army tnan any of the
Kuroprao Powers and a smaller navy
than any except Austria. The fetalis
ties follows:
United States?Array 100 000
Navy 20 000
120,000
ICugland?Army 251 000
Navy 110 640
364 640
Franos?Army 579 519
Navy 42 605
622.124
Germany?Army.... 479 229
Navy 20,661
505 880
Russia?Army 883 148
Navy 37 164
920 310
Amtria?Araiy 265 608
Navy 12 935
278,543
Italy?Army 211 906
Navy 23 692
235 598
Hauling of ferlililors has begun and
farm work will soon begin in earner t.
The temptation tj plant a largo ootton
orop will bo great and many will not bo
able to roaist it..
-u 51
MODISH tLATSET.
A Hewipsper Bays the Contract Labor
8ytUm it Much Abused
"That mornbcr of tho Anderson
delegation who told Mr. Wolliog, of
Fairfield, that Negroes were bought acd
sold hero on 'abor oontraota oan doubtless
give affidavit- ?n ahuudanoe to *-i
establish his statement. It is a matter J
of common report here that this is
? ? A A ' A. 1
v u wuvi/ uuuc, iuu 11 is i'so ft matter
uf common rumor that many of them
are shaokoled and pat io stookadrs and
guhrded and worked under guard like
regular oo&victs. From all that wo
havo heard we do not think it woa'd I
b:eny trouble to establish the fact by
indisputable evidence.
' The method of procedure is about
this: A Negro gets into debt &nd
breaks his contraot, a warrant is sworn
out and he is arrcntod and brought be
fore the magistrate or committed to jail
to await trial. In the meantime a par
ty goes to tbo landlord and says, "how
muoh will it tako to got that Netro? ' a
The amount boing stated, the Negro v
is seen andacreisto enter into a con- g
traot for sometimes a longer period ?
than a year, tho amount duo the landlord
is paid, the papers are signed and n
tho Negro is hustled eff under guard to D
a stojkado and is kept as securely as if a
ho had been brought before a magis- t
tra'e, tried, eonviotcd and sentenced.
"And there aro plenty of similar v
oases aad wo have heard at least one f
man Bay "that Nigger is mine. I bought 8
him and paid for him." And it is ?
said the lash is freely used on these v
Negroes. How true it is we do not
know, but it has been freely talked of a
on tho Btrccts that thoro should be an
iovestigatioQ by t^o grand jury and 1
that, ton, by some of the best citizens _
of tho county. And the grand jury
ought to do it in tho interest of all conoerued.
Tho public has an interest in
knowing if these oharges aro true and H
if thoy aro untrui, the ether parties *
having a deeper interest in BhowiDg that
they are untrue. We Binoerely hope
that tho presiding judge at the oomirg
term of oourt will order the grand jury
to make a searching investigation and r
to a so iiTiiro if tho costs collected in JJ
cases thai have been compromised have
been turned into the county treasury." ll
Commenting on the above the Flnreroe
Times says "the story from tbo
Anderson Mail concerning the twen
tieth oenturv elav? ry can. no doubt,
God a para lol in a cumber of other ^
aountics and a cumber of other states
than South Carolina Io fact it is a
universal truth that debt enslaves, and
that where the opportunity to oppress \
is given the creditor ho will use it as g
far as he can The cn'y way to keep ~
fr??) is to keen out of debt. The lien
law, the labur contract law and a'.l
these k nd of laws that a*e intended to A
protect the creditor aro abused to their
utmost limit aod by nnn of whom such
* ubp wi u a no nttlo exjectrd It is J
the N( *ro that suffers mostly.'' We do
not believe that any such a condition of
affairs exists in this oountv.
Gen. Floyd's history
"Historical Koetor and Itinerary of ?1
South Carolina Volunteer Troops wro
Served in the Lt?c War between Spain
and the United Stages " Such is the
title cf a well conceived and wc'l arracg
d book loct-nily compiled by Gen.
J. W. Fiotd, adjutant and inspector
gcmral of South Carolina. Purporting
to he a oomoilatioi only, the book
nevertheless evidences muon work and
great c-arc on the part of tho autl or
rtx.m i= ? oarofullv written .\h.-t ' of
ajin'.1 Ji"i.siwi iuimj-up iD'hc ihTr1 L
with Sptin, and of the d ff-rent steps
in the formation of the command* furnished
by South Ua-olina to the volunteer
army of the United States, followed
with a biography of the late Governor
Eilcrbo and the lato C d Joseph K.
Alston. There is a readable acoount
of the formation, personnel and mrva
mcmtH of each of tho o^mmands meotioned?the.
First a d Seoond regiments
of infantry, tho heavy battery of artillery
and the naval militia. The rotter
of officers and men, given by ompaoies, |
evidences great care in the pref a*?tion
and will doubtless bo found altogether
accurate. Tho book oontatos a number
of portraits iuoluding those of Gover
nor Kiltrbc, Gen. Floyd, and the com
missioned officers in each command We
clip the abovo from the Stato. The
book should meet with read/ sal among
the voterans of the Am jrioan-Sptoish
war.
A Grave Danger.
Tho Commonor stye: "A Mattoon,
111., man asks for a diviorco on the
grr uods that be was under bypnotio
influence when ho was mtried. There
will bo a grave danger to tho marriage
laws if this contention is upheld by the
courts. It will not bo difficult for any
man to prove that he was hypnotised
wnen ne was married A pair of bright i
0) o& ex iris a powerful inductee ou the |
average man.
Ho Is Fixed.
Thomas Kearns, the new senator
from Utah, has asilvir mino for whirh
he has refused $12,01)1) 000. It is said
to pay him and his partner $1 250,000 a
year. They call it the "Silvor King "
It has not been running long enough
at this rate to pile up much capital for
Mr. Kcarns to work on, but his orcdit ,
is pord. Mr. Ulaik, the senator-elect ,
from Montana, is rated at $7?> 000,000
so that Kcarns is comparatively a poor
man.
Qrtman Pays
the EXpress
Steam Dyeing of every
description. Steam, Nap
tha, French Dry and
ohemicai cleansing. Bend
for onr new price list and
circular All work guar
anteed or no charge.
Oilman's Steam Bye Works
1310 Main Street
COLUMBIA, S. U
I A L?. Ortm&D. Proprietor
ma n liii
On improved real estate
Interest eight per cent,
payable semi-annually.
Time 8 to 6 years.
N o commissions charged
E. K. Palmer, :
Control National Bink Building, j
8<?r? Plain 8t-. Olnlnmbia, 8. O I
09I8I&3 POCAINE^"WHISKY '
a O IVK Ilahlu Our?.l at ra?tlan?u>r
torn, la to iara llnn.lrad.
Ot rafarancaa. X j ?*m a upaotalt*. Hook aa
llomn lr.<Kimant Mtil KKKK. A.idmaa
B. M. WOOUASV. M. O.. MImnta. Q?
<
~ ' I
?
Saw Mills, I
Corn Mills, *
yi mrtu I
oane ivniis,
Rice Hi filers, I
Pea Hullers, I
Engines, I
Boilers, I
Planers and 1
Matchers, m
Swing Saws, I
Rip Saws, 1
Ml all other kinds of wood I
working machinery. My 8er- I
eant Log Beam Saw mill is J
he heaviest, strongest, and ^
lost efficient mill for the I
aoney on the market, qaiok, I
ccurate. State Agent for H. fl
1. Smith Machine Company I
rood working machinery. I
d?r high grade engines, plain "
lide valve?Automatic, and I
Jorliss, write me: Atlas, I
Vatertown, and Strn there 1
nd Wells. I
V. C. BADHAM, I
320 Main St., Columbia. 8. C. I
THE LEADER INDEED. 1
The New Ball Bearing
Domestic
dewing Machine
l Leads in Workmanship. Beauty,
Capacity, Strength, Light Rmcing.
Kvery Woman Wants One.
ittachments, Needles and
Parts for Sewing Machines |
oi all makes.
Vhen ordering needlns send
ample. Price 27c per dozen,
ostpald.
j
geru W*ntod to lJBoo<mp?*d Terri
torv.
L 3HULJ., 1
1319 Taylor Street, 1
COLUMBIA. 8. G 1
ard to Beat our Line,
of machinery and
Will Supplies. i
LEADERS: I
Lane, Chase, Hrge, Ltddell and H?gh m
Petal saw milla ^
The Murray Cleaning and Distributing
System. M
1-tddeil Aotomslio^a- ^.mh Engine,'
"New Bouth" Brick Vachinery.
Parquhar Thresher* and Grain Drill*.
Diseton 8awa and Files.
Peerless Packings, bjerens 8?-wer Pips,
and Supplies generally.
Erie City Engines aud Boiler*
Egan Woodworking Machinery.
"Queen of the South" Grist Mills
Kelley Duplex Feed Mills
Bund; Traps and 6team Specialties
p.l vi- o-ll a. ? *
inn *114 VAI1UIUUU IMDnt'tl Mtltll.
H. H. 6ibbes k Co.,
MACHINERY aod MILL SUPPLIES
804 \?*T9&!l Wtreet,
COLUMBIA. 8. O
^Z?Le%.
&
T4APE *^?r * vot
OLD NORTH STATE OINT
MENT, the Great Antiseptic
Healer, cures Piles, Eczema,
Sore Eyes, Granulated Eyelids,
Carbuncles, Boils, Cutfr, Bruises,
Old 8ores, Burns, Corns,
Bunions, Ingrowing Toenails,
Inflammatory Rheumatism,
Aches and Bains, Chapped
Hands and Lips, Erysipelas.
It is something everybody
needs. Once used always used.
For sale by all druggists and
dealers. At wholesale by
THE MURRAY DRUG OO..
Colnmbia. fi O
Murray's
Aromatic I
Mouth i
Wash I
Whitens the Teeth
Cleanses the Month
Sweetens the Hreath
The? I
M
Murray fl
Drug Co., I
COLDMH1A.8. C. |j
PlTTb' fl
INTISEPTIC ISVIB0RA10BI I
Cam La OHppe, dyapopsis indigestion 9H
and all ftomaob And bowet troubi. * so Lie or SB
sheler* morbus, teething troubles with wB
shlldrea, kiduey troubles, bs-l blood ud fjj&jt
all sort* of sores, rieiags or felons outs end H
burns. It is as good notisepuo, whoa loenlly fern
applied, as anything ou the scar hot
Try it and you will praise It to other*. ffifl
if yonr drugwisl doeaa't keer U, write to '39
MURRY DRUG COMPANY, S
COLUMBIA, 8. 0 H