Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

The black horso has always been a great favorite, and more pains have been taken in breeding th >n with many others. The heavy black Lincolnshire horse, principally ( used in London as a dray horse, is a tiobio animal in the harness, and could he berendered more active^ would Le invaluable, where power and enatirance aro required. With the exception of the best shade of hays, the black horses, next in size to the Lincolnshire breed, constitute the best horse for the farmer, or the ordinary uses cflhe carriage or road. The good qualities I of these horses have been established by! breeding ; but of Hie other varieties of the black horse, there are multitudes of worthless ones all over the country.?Owing to jhe common black hors-- being so often a poor crea:ure, some have asserted that uni* . Joals of ihts color were more vicious, nnd tnore subject to disease and blindness than o'fiar horses. Every worker, r r breeder of horses, must I be, bo wet* J*, aware, that all conclus ons derived from iho color of a hors", are liable lobe overthrown by fact, 50 far ne individ quIs ore concerned good horses being foiTod in all the elates enumerated ; still, as a there can he bo doubt (bat color forms no '^considerable orHerion by which to judge oftlitf copabiti Jes and value of the horsp. With th<* exception ?f the pure white, the lighter shades afeaHi variety appear to have less breeding, and be morcliable 1o disease, than the darker ones. They ere also more tender, and not so capable of enduring fatigue, or hard labor, or usage. It may be remarked, that white legs and white hoofs are ulways suspicious signs, usually indicating a poor constitution, animals thatHre tender-footed, or very liable to become so.?Horses with white feet suffer more from scratches or chapped skin, than horses with darker colored feel or legs ; .and n white a nosed horse will frequently have the white part a mMre scab, from feeding among plants having acrid or irritating jtfioas, sucli us the Johoswort, while the other parts remain perfectly smooh and healthy. (ion. farmer. From the Suuth.CaroUiiian. Mr. Edtor :?I observed in your paper of the 13th inst. the remarks of" Au Old Farm t," relative to the Okra Cotton, and I am sorry to say, that my success with thai kind of " Okra Cotton Seed," lias been no j better than his.* In April last, I purchase I a small quantity of seed, u l?ich I presume was of the samedescription as that which " An Old Farmer" received, and though it was plan ed upon a good spot of land, and carefully attended to% it hasturned out in a manner, somewhat similar to that, which he describes his to have done, I however, a shott time after the purchas ?J seed was planted, received from a friend, q present of a few seeds, which he iikew se called the" Okra Cotton Se? d,"atid this last kind has turned out remarkably well; tho stalks being from six to seven feet high, and might have been st II more iof v, had they rot been topped. In appearence, they somewhat resemble stalks of Okra,?they arc very straight, having in comparison with other cotton stalks but little foliage, ?with very few branches, and those few shooting off from near the ground ; the bolls commenced forming when tlic stalks w? re from six inches to a foot ?n height, and when grown to maturity each, stalk was well covered with finely formed bolls. It is also worthy of remark, that the bolls grow in V 1. _ clusters, each cluster being made up of from two to five bolls ; the cotton produced is of a beautifully while col r, und of u very fine aiapK As it is my opinion that this cot'on seed is of a most prolific character, and well adapted to our soil, I hope that it will be generally cultivated ; and that it may yet prove to be a source of national prosperity. DKLTA. The correspondent of the South Carolinian referred to stated that his okra coitoa had proved unproductive. From the Maine Farmer. WHAT WILL FOLKS SAV ? No matter what folks will say. Is it right ? That's the question, and none but a slave to the tyrrant fashion, would ask any other. And yet how many thousands there are who ask?let what will be the object in view, let what will be the importance ?r necessity of the case?ichat will folks f/r*) ? nnrt ffnivm ihnf'r actions bv the prob ? UilU ^? % ? ? ? ?,. ? ^ <ab!e answer, father than by any tiling that indicates principle or a regard for the immutable and eternal principles of truth and rectitude. In the evety day occurrcces of social hie tin's course of procedure is very common ; and we should be glad if it were con. fined to that class of operations, but we sec mid hear it very often in agricultural proceedings. The dread of be ing laughed at?rhe gr< a' fear of being and doing n little different from other people, lias prevented many a farmer from adopting improvements which ids good sense approved, and which hose-! CTCily desired tc practice. There are alwa*s those m every community who had rather I'itiieuie and gnwf at any thing n httl<> out of cour^?who had rather discourage than encourage any project which may benefit society?who had rather society should go backward u^U'J it reaches the bow and arrow" age, than raiso a finger to nssisr or s^y a word to cheer *vi a new undertaking. And strange as it may jecm, the bump of love of approbation is so large and strong in many that they quad before the ridicule aud scoffs of such men. What will folks say, forsooth ? No matter what they sny. Be convinced first in your own mind that your project is based on the right principles, wbother of morality or philosophy. Be sure that you are actuated by the right motives." 4 Be sure you arc right, then go ahead," regardless of the jeers, the laugh and the taUnts uf the idle?the thoughtless, the proud or the scornful. A little decis on?a little self-dependence will curry you through. If you succeed, you will have consciousness of proving the fallacy of the principles followed, or of ascertaining why. you have failed, and will he ?ble to point out to others by ycur experience,?-a better courso. Wo once knew a man some years ago, who didn't dare give forty dollars for a merino buck because his neighbors would laugli at him, and we knew another who ran the risk of being laughed at, and gave two hundred doilurs for one, had soon Imil a flock of fine wooled sheep, long before the other : had screwed his courage up to run the risk of b' ing laughed at. This is but one of the many instances wc coulJ mention where people have suffered from their fear of what might bo called public opinion, even when their common sense told them belter. There is more-truth than (ict'on in the above *4 What will sfolks say ?" Farm, ers should not care what folks will say. This fear of ridicule, which has been lavish, ed upon many an enterprizing farmer, his prevented many from not only making themselves rich, but from doing great ser.. vice to the community. We know farmers i who dare not move out of the track of the;r fathers, when their better judgment approves it, and necessity almost compels fo do it?for fear of" what will folks say ? ' i'hey riarc not attempt any improve mem in their stock, swine, kinds of grain, mode of culture, &c. for fear being laughed at by a brother farmer?and there are some even at this day, though the number is fast diminishfug, who are prevented from subscribing for an ag)icuitura! paper, from the same i cause. Wc hope the day has nearly gone 1 by, when men will be influenced by such folly, and thai they will soon disregard the tongue of ridicule, and act manfully, ns their best judgment, enlightened by their own unJ oihcrs* experience, shall dictate. We have oursdf, in consequence of our position, been subject to a share of the small talk of our neighbors?some ridicule the idea of an agricultural paper, and of an ngr cultural association?and not long since, our office was attempted to be made a subject of ridicule through a public print, and denominated a 44 squash shop," from the circumstance of some fine and extraordinary hor iculturul product ons being exhibited in it ; and our paper too, lias incurred the sneer of an editoral neighbor, who, in this cause, should unite ills influence with ours. I But th i44 Ruta Baga Inquirer" is still pub. I lish-'d, and our exertions for agricul ural improvement are not in the least abated. < Farmers, do not stop to inqnire 44 what < folks will sav," bu*! wh n new schemes and i ? ' J modes ate presented, first careful!}' consider < what will be the probable result ; andifyou i are persuaded it will be favorable, go on.? ' You may, it is true, be treed with tho tall ' corn occasionally?but let not this deter you from look ngut the short horn Durham cattle, the B? rkshiro hogs, the South Down sheep, i the Rohans?and do not f?*ar soiling your I boots or your grain fields with the meadow, i mud well fermented t.i the hog sty or barn I yard. I SiLK CILMUE, We advise all who have trees to dispose i of, not to sacrifice them ihut the speculator i may he enriched, but keep them until Spring, j or near the time of planting, and they will j be sure of finding a market at increased i prices. Silk Grower. * From tho Fredricksburg Herald. 1 design to unswer briefly the following ! questions ! 1. Mow far does the culture of silk prom- ] isetodowell in the vicinity ofFredricks. burg Va.? 2. How much enn be made from nn acre in Morus Multicaulis* when fed to the silk worm, all expenses both of the cocooneries, being taken into account ? 3. How many worms can bit fed on nn acre, and how many cocoons will m ike a pound of silk ? 4. What will a cocooncrv cost, anJ what is this part of the expense ? I may remark, before 1 take up the ques. tions in order, that my s'atements are of the low pressure kind, but such as facts sanction, and experience will eventually show that they arc in the main correct. As I have before stated, the extravagant estimates which are frequently published, mny produce momentary excitement, but they are not calculated to lead to a speedy and permanent establishment of silk culture in Vu. The profit in which I believe will be realized, holds out ample inducements to nnd a<Trimdturalisls COnera'lv to j o ^ ' engage in the business. A plantation of the Morus Multicaulis, should not bo regarded as an annual crop, but as permanent property, that under good management, will last n century. Facts recently developed in North Carolina, prove that the Morus Multicaulis lived in that State under total neglect more i lian 50 years, and all who have wi nessed fs luxuriant growth when cultivated, will testify thut it has vol the appearance of a oung free. To the first question I r -ply?that the i culture of silk within the vicinity of Fredi ricksburg, promises to do full as well as I ho j most sanguine, who formed their views re. lati ve to the nature of the business, after careful investigation, could have anticipated. The silk worm thrives admirably in our climate from the lsr ol May to the 20th of September, and with proper manageI ment, the average loss fro n disease, does I not amount to more than 5 per cent, where. \ as in France where the siiL crop is consid-j i ered very iinporiant, the loss is nearly one half. On this point, { refer the reader to a statement of M. Bon in Rce?s Cyclopedia, under the head, spider silk, and also to the I believe the Morus Multicaulis very valuable intrinsically. I am no speculator, and am not prepared to say what is its speculative value, or what it tvill probably bring four or five years hence. I will venture to predict, however, that if the culture of sl.'k becomes au eitonsivo part of American agriculture, that Mulberry trees will not be picked up in our streets for some yoafs to come. There may be 20,000,000 of trees in the United States but what will they do towards making a territory ofsucfi extent a silk growing region ? If the foiiaga of these trees were con. verted into silk, it would probably amount to eight hundred thousand dollars; but what would that do towards supplying a consumption of 20,000,000 of dollars annually. statement of M. Carnille Beauv?is,f in his ne in1 reduction to a Chinese treaties on the rej culture of silk, a translation of which has me been published in this country by P. Force. l'? This is the testimony of a distinguished culturist in France, given as late as 1837. nC! At the cocooik ry of the Po:omao Silk and cs Agricui.ural Company, under my superin tendence, silk worms have been fed during w1' the past summer, in successive divisions, cor beginning about t28fl? of April, and cominu- art ing up to the present 'irno, and the average me loss has not exceeded three per cent. Sepa- 50 rate parcels were fed on Morus Rubra Mo- I rus Albe. and Morus Multicaulis. Those Coi fed on Morus Multicaulis were mos' healthy. ^ W. K. Smith, Esq. has a large cocoonery ^ at Fredricksburg, in which a considerable c number of worms were raised last summer with very good success, and John Shackle, ford, Esq. near Culpeper Court House, has been feeding silk worms since 1836, and ^rc his confidence in the ultimate success of the ^ business is unabated, as is evinced by his continued efforts to enlarge his plantation of Mulberry. Rc< Messrs. Brown & Hunt commenced a j, plantation in Stafford coun'y, in 1833, which c they are making preparations to enlarge, Cul and in Fredericksburg, several enternriKinor E and persevering ladies are givin;* attention to the subject, among whom I njay name e Mrs. Hunter, who last year received a pre. mium IVom the Fredncksburg Agricultural Society for a handsome specimen of sewing ^el silk. There are no doubt others in Fred. w'' ericksbnrg and several of the adjacent court- e" ties, who are preparing to engage in the cul- Ithr ture of silk, but ol their progress, I am not ^ prepared to speak d? finitely. Mn( But after a'i, I may b; nv;t by some cap. tious objector, who, if r los< ly pressed, will an( acknowledge that he has never reflected sul] seriously on the subject five minutes in all ?^' his life, asking "where is your silk ? I wish rna to see your silk." Now if this objector Wl' will go to either of the cocooneries above on< named, he will see cocoons enough to satis- ' fy him that silk can bo made, and if he will but credit the statements of those who have given the subject several years* close atten- ^es lion, he may possibly be convinced that the siik crop iu Virginia will be highly profi abio. S.Ik is made, not by miracle, but by l'1" the use of appropriate means, and when e'3 these means shall be abundantly provided ver and applied, tne produce will be an abun- >'e? dance of silk. VVe are laboring hard for our individual benefit, as well us for the public goo l, and we therefore hope that 1 objectors will exercise a little patience and . K forbearance, and suspend hostilities, until j'?1 we can gel the briars and bushes out df our * " way, and enlarge our plantations of the an5 Mulberry. I find it somewhat difficult to answer the a F second question, because the profit derived a fir- m an acre must vary, not only from va- we riations in the fertility and adaptation of soils, or but also from differences in the age of the cal tn?s, management. &c. 1 ? Economy nnd industry are essential to a <loJ prnfilnMu PMM.lt ? .? ? w?H Knv/-,U?? t h*indolence, carelessness and ex'ravagance, ' K may render a business unprofitable, which if properly conducted, might prove very profit- ? able. I have ascertained by careful experL l'^ ?nt, that a light, sandy soil, planted a,( ?:?L. u M.,i.? /Q Ann imoo wun iTJUIUS niuilltai<ll3) ^u,uuv Mwvit to the acre) three and four years old, from m" cuttings will yield 5,000 pounds of d' leaves to the acre ; and as 200 ^e' pounds of leaves, in the ordi iary course of the culture in France and Italy, produced ?'M one pound of reeled silk, the produce p?n ,n; acre, would p<>uni?, wiihcti m rci pound, (tlte fair average price) would give 8125. Wl1 From this, two dollars per pound must he deducted, for rearing the worms and reeling 0,1 the silk, and eight dollars per acre for one *n year's cultivation of the trees; the nctt '0' product would then be sixry.seven dollars ac per acre, on land that only yields seven dol lars in oats, corn, or wheat. But if the ea business be conducted by a farmer who has "n the most efficient capital in ruddy cheeked fhi sonsand daughters, nearly all the product ln would be clear gain. Children ten to twelve years old, under the superirtendance of a a" man or woman of experience, make as ef- !? ficient hands as grown persons. I do not ,er mean !o intimate that slave-labour is not PJ*1 adapted to the culture of silk j on the con- ?* trary, I know that with such labor it may jj? be conducted very profitably. In a letter J3 which I received from Mr. J. D. Homergue, . in the Spring of 1836, he admits that our *>' female slaves, with proper instruction, muy be made good rcolers?and it will be recol Pu lccted by some, that Mr. D. II, has been "e nl.m-rTufl Ullll, f<nAiin<k>ip|||(, II"1 rt flfl flf rO('llll!> "l?l? IJ\.UIIIU'T| I4IJ > <' Mil v.. ? 0 wiih imaginary difficulties. Ahy girl ihut is tu capable of learning to knit or sew well, can rr be marie a good reeler in 3 months. 1 admit that the art nny be acquired in a week, in so far as the quality of the thread is con- sn cerncd ; but to constitute a good reeler, the hi work must bo done quick, and the silk must be extracted from the cocoons with but lit- S lie waste. Dandoio, the distinguished Italian culturist, says, "that of two reclers, from a given quantity of cocoons, one will extract 8 ounces of silk, when iho other will get but 6 ounces." CB O L j Finding the ends of the fibre, and apply- n < ing them with judgment and facility is the Pmost difficult point in reeling silk, and this & must be performed with the; hands. Amen- m can ingenuity (and I admit it is great,) will le W t In justice f.o this writer, it should be stated, in that ho does not, in direct terms, admit the superioiity of the climate of China over that of Europo, but ho attributes the success of the *' Chinese to their better management. This, with lb, due deference to the learned writer, I must say re is nothing but assumption. There is not a little of bungling and bad managemont yet in China, "t and yet their success is far better than is com- lei inon in Europo. The difference in success must a be sought for mainly in climate, and as the climate ot Virginia, und that part of the principal silk district in China, is strikingly similar, there to need be no fear of tho triumph of this culture in ga Virginia. The silk region of China ranges from lat. 38 to 38 -eg., snd hence it is said in the trea. Wl tise alluded to, "that in the South but few ailk b) worms are raised." The Southern region cx- ,ei tends from 22 to 28 cleg, of lat. See Chinese , Treatise, page 143 and Edinburgh Encyclopedia, ei articto China Proper. ' ev vcr construct a machine to do this, and I ha oice at it, because it will furnish employ- by int for females that requires mental exer? an . tin For those who intend topursualhe busi- f(1( ss without connecting t with ot'?er branch- ^ of agncullure, a separate statement must . made. I shall suppose that such persons f 1 begin witli a small stock of trees, and itinue tbeir propagation until 50 acres cr< > planted, at an expense ol $100 per acre, 10 Judmg ihe cost of land, cultivation, &c. in acres ofland 6tocknd with Morns Sn Hulticaulis, (3,600 trees per acre,) $5000 00 wl / . *_ 1 _i n i A A A11 5t 01IWO cocooneries unu nxiures, 2,4UU UJ jpj ilding for storing and reeling cooons, 500 00 ,nf ils and rat proof boxes for cooons, 2u0 00 aj] 83,100 00 an fiv iduce of 50 acres at 25 pounds gr ?f reeled silk per acre, or 1,250 lbs. m. t 85. 86,250 00 a i Expenses. wding silk and rearing ^ ho worms, as estab_ ished by universal ab onsent, ?2 per lb $2,500 [tivation of trees, $8 wi ?cr acre, 400 nianent superintend. a-f nee and labor, 800?$3,700 no ?? ini Nett proSt, $2,550 00 aR ng about 30 per cent, on the investment; of ich I confidently believe may be increas- 8tj to 40 per cent, by the addition of two or e3 ee years to the age of the trees.? Qti mulberry plantation, then, is jafer ( 1 will prove far more profitable than i.ed Stares Bank stock. Companies 80 I individual capitals s, who have to hire t0 erintendents, and all their labor, must die supervision of a large establishment, ^rc ke large establishment*, because the cost tb I be but little more than that of a small tin -? wi 3rd Qnes ion. From one hundred to an mi ldred and twenty thousand worms may a } fed from an aero of such lund as that icribed under the sccon I question, Tne >rus Multicaulis must be headed down, all the sako of convenience in gathering du leaves; and land that produces 15 bush- su of com is abundantly rich. If placed on foi y fertile soils, at the age of four or five gri irs, the stalks are liable to be broken K< vn by vi .l-nt winds, which would always au "ecbleand frequen ly destroy the tree.? 0 texture of the soil is very important, ihould be light and sandy, and the situa m( 1 elevated* In this opinion, I know that avo the concurrence of several intelligent >yj 1 experienced gcnilrmen. c|j Hie number of cocoons required to make tQ lound of silk will varv, in consequence of tf, favorable or unfavorable state of the pr atber, the vartety of the silk worm reared, l() from difference in the management of pQ| turists. I prefer the small varieties of ^)r silk worm, because (according to Dan np o? who was a good judge,) they produce best Silk- nnrl a nuu>U InMtmliu, nf m can be accommodated in any given *( ice; and besides, they finish their work .i1( i . _ . i ?i i lriy a weeK earner man me large vane ^f) s, and consequently lessen the risk of ^ lure. bt 3,500 cocoons of these varieties have idu a pound of ieeled silk ; but to make ull allowance for doubts and otherwise fective cocoons, I prefer taking 4.000 as 8( i average numb?r. An occasion >1 yield V\ )uld not be made the basis of calculation pi ended to be applied to a general and ex- th ibivh syfliem ol'iTfippinp. nr 4th Question. The cost of a cocoonery 2t II depend on the views and extern of the ;ans possessed by the culturist,?Simpli- cc y, convenience and economy should gov. tr< l. I think twelve hundred dollars ample cc n coun ry cocoonerv, and fixtures for the T commodation of 2,000,000 ofsilk worms, ct be fed in 4 successive divisions of500,000 ch. Complicated and expensive fixtures fo ? not necessary. If f had all the money pi it h s been thrown away in the U. States hi useless fixtures. I should not say a word th ire to the members of (he Legislature ac out a bounty ; because I could then afford w pay a good bounty without inconven- th ice; but as matters stand with mc at ot esent, 1 must join the friends of this branch n agriculture in one" more importunate ap- s? al. Its importance to the Commonwealth ci mands a liberal State bounty ; and if the a; iitors of political and other journals will b< ve us their friendly and efficient aid, by oi ncentrating and throwing light on the w iblic mind, we shall sucecd. Agriculture 0i s at the foundation ofour prosperity, and p( all we continue to patch up the superstruc a re, while ihe foundation is decaying and ;ii umbling. a He tint will freely and impartially exahne the subject, will find abundant reason to " y, that the culture of silk is no humbug, ?'? it a veritable and tangible reali'y- h LAYTON Y. ATKINS. b upcriiitcndent of the silk and Agricultural f< Company. ti Stafford county, Va. Sept. 1839. p [The wiiter of che above article do* 8 not tiraate the profits of the silk per acre as n gh as some others ; but he speaks from exrience, and is therefore entitled to attention. n icher lands than tnose of which he has the u anagemcnt would yield a greater amount o e aves, but the silk might not be so good.? u rith us, in this part of the country, the most ip'ori ant inquiry is not,how much can be made the acre! but how much to the hand} In ranee where the white mulberry is used 200 , of leaves are found to produce one pound of eled silk. The multicaulis will probably pro- v ice more, because there are fewer sterns and . 58 refuse. We think that, in the silk season. J1 c hand could, without difficulty, gather at least 10 lb. per day, suppposing no care necessary j preserve the buds; and none will be neees- a ry when the market for them ceases. The t( orm requires to be fed, say 30 days ; and 30 c - ::00 gives 9000 as the number of pounds of c aves wlich a hand can gather during the s eding age of one set of worms, allowing en 200 lb. of leaves to the pound of silk we 1 ve thus 451b. ofsiik from the leaves gathered w one hand. This at $5,50, the present price, di lounls to 8247,50. Feeding and cleaning th e vvorms when proper hurdles are used, and th eling the silk cannot require more than one ird the labor of gathering the leaves. Putting a at one third, that is deducting one third from 147,50, we have $165 per hand from a single ^ :>p of'silk made in thirty days ; say from April re to May 10. This crop would not interfere the least with a full crop of wheat or other er all grain, and but little with a corn crop? ar ril6t it would leave the entire winter f ?r at- pr iding to live stock and making and spread- is' I manure. Or if the planter should choose to make silk 'a summer, he might by building an ice house, 'Ir d extending his mulberry plantation, make ^ e crops; for the muiticaulis leaves continue .j( een and succulent till frost; and this he p, ght do with less labor than that required for fu single cotton crop; still having the whole e? nter to improve his lands. The profits of th e five crops any one can calculate from the oi ove data. If the profits arc so great, it may be asked ^ iy do not men rush into the business ? We swer, I by asking the inquirer why he does t rush into it ;tand 2 by saying men do rush ? to it as fast as they can procure the trees ; ^ id it is the very rush that sastains the price ]n the tre? s. Paradoxical as it may seem, it is a II true that this very extent of the rush caus- b< less silk to be made at present than would rr herwise be the case; because it creates such ei demand for the trees as to keep up the price C high that cultivators find it more profitable w sell them than even to make silk. 4 Such profits will, of course, attract capital c< ?m other investments to the silk business till ^ e profits shah be reduced to a level with w ose of other agricultural occupations. This a( 11 require many years however; and, in the jf, jan time, those whoJirst commence will reap s| rich harvest. Ed. C. Gaz. ei Mr. Piiysick'ssale has not only sustained former prices ol trees, but has in reality r( n? a great deal more. Our repeated as. C( ranees that there was a western aemand ^ r trees, is now abundantly realized, as the n eat bulk of these trees are purchased in e mtucky, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Oiiio, 0 id odier western and sou li.western states, jj Morns' Silk Farmer. j Silk Culture if* Mexico, &c.?A com- tl >rt? ement has been made in plan ing the arus Multicaulis and the raising of silk in fi xco, and, such is the success in thai fine a mate, th it immense orders are being sent c this conn'ry for the reqnisi c supply of a es. In Trinidad and Uuaduloupe the ti ench planters are turning their attention o Ins subj? ct by way of resuscitating their e rtunes, which have bivn so completely it 0">tru;ed by the advantages that theculture o beet sugar possess over the cane. Even s the island ot J nnaica, the great advaiwa- fi .j urilf. orifn: mutUrrry nnd silk- tc >rm over other branches have a>traded o tfir attention, and the Colonial L 'gislature ive passed a law grun inga bojnty of 50,. >0/. sterling towurds the lorm ition ofinulsrry plan ations. N Y. Star. Phildelphia Sept* 28. ! A gentleman of this city who purchased j >00 of the morus multicauhs trees sold at , fest Philadelphia a few weeks since at . ibiic auction, has made sale of 6000 of , em at a price that pays him 8450 over t id above the cost of the whole; having now , , H)0 trees left on hand. ^ Mr. Mos"s Tr- dwiy, of Prince Edward t >utity, Va? sold a few days since 10,000 c ees as they stand on the ground, at 50 s mts each, taking a farm in exchange. Mr. f hoinas K. Scott also sold 400 trees ul 75 a ? each, cash in advance of deliver). . Ir? rr.IfiMrkti tn trpp<j opnorallv wo mav in. ... ? y rm our friends at a distance, that the high j ices obtained for Mr. Physick's Tc.kh ^ ive induced many holders to advance s eirs and to make others firmer without Ivnncing. On the other hand, many | hose necessities are urgent, are forcing fi leir stock in'o the market by auction and r herwise, for the purpose of obtaining mo- B y? We nevertheless know of various h lies in the neighbourhood of this city, at 50 ^ nts per tree and some farther off as high ^ i 75. The pressure for money is severe c eyond oil former example ; and seeing for f jrselves how keen it is, the only wonder B ith us is that trees sell at all- Money in ^ jr market commands from two to three ercent- a month ; yet the tree growers ppeur to think buyers will borrow money f t that extravagant rate to purchase their , ees! ( Growers at the south should steadily keep ( i view one most imporiant fact?their trees | ro fir superior ;n quaality to ours, and , cnce sliould command a proportionately , rwi, .?;,K ,tm ,J elier price* I ne prices uumiuv jr the small sized and poorly branched , rees of tl?e north, ought no; to regulate the : rices of the large southern trees. Being ( etter in quality they ought to yield a better , rice, and cannot fail 10 do so, unless prematurely forced in'o market* , We know of several large sales of trees , ? i made in this city the present week, by privt<? contract, at excellent prices, much highr than can be obtained at auction. The umber sold is nearly 10,000. Silk Farmer* Pro:n the United States (Philadelphia) Gazotto. SCRUPLES. At a recent trial for an important case, t va think it was a charge of murder, near los;on, several of the persons called to t *e jry box were excused on their plea that they ould not conscientiously convict a person if a crime that involved capital punishment, n the charge to the jury, after the testimony md argument in the same case, Judge Shaw ook occasion to refer to the circumstances >f the jurors' plea, and their having been exused on that giound. The Boston Times ay9 : The general course of his argument was, hat the laws are made by the community, ards to be wrong, the legislature can speftIy alter and correct them, but so long as i v ex:st. it is the duty of all to obey, and e proper officers of the law to enforce em. If, in a case of capital punishment, juror has a right to say that he will not enrce the law, although the crime may have ?en clearly committed, then it follows that eJudge may do so; or the Sheriff may fuse to arrest or imprison the murderer, >on ttiesame conscientious scruple. Furththnn this, if a juror has a right to set aside ?y one law, because he disapproves of the inciple on which it is founded, or the punliment to which it would lead, he must tve the right to set aside any other,or all ws. If the right exists, it exists without nitation; and the general exercise of such right by jurors would nullify all law, and ake void the proceedings of courts of jus :e. i ne recognition ot such a course ot oceeding by jurors, would cause such conision in the minds of m'-n, in relation to tho tpedicncy and propriety of many laws, iat it would be difficult to einpannel a jury > r procure a conviction. The jurors, he said, were not liable for * ie errors of the law, or for its existence at II. They do not muke and cannot alier . The Legislature mus' do that, when ccasion may require. The duty of a man, 3 an individual, wus to endeavor to have ie laws made perf'Ct, and to obey all the W8 in existence, as a good citizen ; & as jnror or officer to enforce them, ho not cing answerable for the consequences that lay ensue. The weight of obligation in ccuting important laws, rest not upon tho burt or jury, but upon the Legislature bich enacted and the community which ware ot the impropriety, allows them to infinue in existence. H said ho regretted that he bad allowed ie jurors to be ques'ioned upon the point hether they would render a verdict,or not, cording to the conscientious scruples upon ie propriety of capital punishmerrs. Ho lould never allow such qu stions to be tski again. Every cit zen was bound toper>rm the duty of a juror, when required to 0 so according to law, and that duty only squired him to say, gulty, or not guilty, aconlingto the existing law and tho evidence, lo power could be assumed by a juror to lake or alter a law, nor to assume the Excutive prerogative of pardon. The du ies f the Legislative, Judicial, and Exccuiive ranches of the governmen', being clearly cfi.ied, one could not usurp the powers of ie o her. We have thus given a meagre sketch om recollection ; of a very lucid, eloquent nd powerful argument. It referred to a ertuin point, only, in a case, but may be ppli^nJ to many cases now in the course of rial. Juuge Shaw concluded his remarks n that subject by saying, that if it should ver come to his knowledge that Id juror 1 a capital trial, on the ground that he was * ' It A altnill/i pposea to trupuai puuo iiiivut !iou!d refuse M bring in a verdictof guilty, jel it to bo bis duty to cause fhe matter be (aid before the Grand Jury, as a case f perjury. CAPTAIN MARRY ATS BOOK. Exlractt from the New Yrrrk American. A Diary in America, with Remarks on ts Institutions,by Cupt. Marryat, C. B. 2 vols. Philadelphia, Carey Hart.?The long-announced Diary of Captain Marryat has made its appearancer and has been re* published in this country. It is, upon the whole, what might have been expected from he author of many amosmg books of fieion. In every thing that refutes to the de* ails of personal experience, facts are view. id without reference lo their relation with Hhor circums ances. and every incideni as. lumes a distort!*! shape; but, where re. learch has been necessary, and book9 and ilitistica! tables have been consulted, tho tuthor gives us the results of his inquiries viih commendable fidelity. Every thing le saw was seen that i' might be described >y ridicule?every thing he read was more eriously considered. The Diary" occupies very little more han one of his volumes, and is very tar rom complete. It accounts but for a small onion of tire time spent in this country, ind is principally made up of exaggerated tori's, such as go the rounds of our news, mpers, and are invened by those who imatine wit to consist in queer words, instead if felicitous ideas. The Captain gravely |uotes absfuatebied, sloping, splunging, ind eniuzxy muzzy, as veritable American vords. In another place the aut'hor says: **I recollect once talking with one of tho Irst men in America* who was narrating o me the advantages which might have iccru'-d to him that If he had followed up a -ertain speculation* wiien he said, 'Sir, if I had done so, I thouid not only have doublet and trebled, but t should havefourbled and foebled my mnney.'" 14 One of the members of Congress onco j,ltd, 'What the honorable gentleman has just ussirr ed I consider us catamount to a denial(catamount is the term given to to a panther or a lynx.*') - ? * . ? L ? ki presume, repneu ma uppuum , u.a, the honorable gentleman means tantamount.' " " 'No, sir, I do not mean tantamount; T urn i ot so ignorant of our language, not to be aware that catamount and tantamount are anonymous.'" " 'Curl up,* 10 be angry?from the pantier and o her animals when angry raising their hair. 'Rise my dander up,' from the human hair, and a na9ty idea. 'Wruthy'is another common expression. Also, 'Savage ns a meat axe.'" "The word 'enthusiasm,' in the South is changed to 'entuzzy-muzzy.'" "But one of the strangest perversions of of the meaning of a word which I ever heard of is in Kentucky, where sometimes the word nasty is used for nice. For instance, at a rustic dance in that Stato^ a Kentuekian snid 10 an acquaintance of mine, in reply to his asking the name of a very fine girl, 'that's my sister, stranger, and I flatter myself that she shows the nastiest ankle in all Keotuck.' Unde derivator from