Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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tank circulation to iis proper limits. To 1 'suppose, as multitudes vainly do, that it is \ within the compass of human power to re- I lieve the embarrassed, by making money i plenty, and by the same agency, to reform i the currency, hy making it scarce, is to I suppose a miracle, such as divine power has I never performed. It is very remote from my intention' therefore, to do anv thing to promote the interest of mere speculators in bank charters, or in any thing else ; my views are of u more howly and practical kind, looking , to the restoration of our trade, to its ancient . channels. In this view, the encouragement of our importing merchants, is a matter of ] vital interest at the present moment ; and I know of nothing that would place it more Completely in the power of our banks to afford that enCouragemen', than the plan proposed.?Having always a supply of sterling exchange, they would bo enabled to I ... . meet the wants or our importing mercnanis ; and having in like manner a large credit in Europe, they would he at all times able to cive these merchants a credit there, better tor them than bills of exchange. Indeed, our Banks having the control of the foreign exchange, would, by that means, acquire the control of the domestic also, and and the exchange between the Nortlt and the South would be equal zed, orturuod in our favor. After ibis brie exposition of tbo proposed plan of restoring the cotton trade to its n:?-j tural channels, 1 willnoiicea few of the objections urged against it. A great apprehension is expressed, that this movement on our side, will produce counter-combinations on the other. Most assuredly, the charges made against tlie * Circul <r,M and the tone of the articles published in some of our journals, arc calculate lo encourage and invite such combinations. Ther charge upon us hostile and offensive co nib ma'ions, when we propose only to assume a defensive position, to resist such combinations abroad, and to avoid the necessity of glutting the markets in moments of panic or temporary and unnatural depression. They proclaim our weakness, and exaggerate the power of the adversary, as much as to say to the European manufacturers, now notoriously combined to force down ihc price of the cotton, in the face of the mosi deficient crop ever made, u go on?gentlemen, regal ite the price of c tton as you pleuS", any etfort made to re. s;st you by the poor, dispersed planters, will be impotent and rediculous," If there be either nationality pa'riotisin, or truth in these statements and sentiments, it escapes my perception. If it were to come to a war of combinations, winch God forbid, it is utterly untruo, that we should be powerless in such a contest. .We possess the locks of Sampson. Our co;ton is absolute, ly indispensable to the manufactur ng and commercial nations of Europe, and by w itliholdmg a single crop, we could spread star vation and rebellion over 1110 mauuuu uung portions of Europe, uncJ cause the lordly capitalists, so much dreaded, tocry out for quarters. A pretty sory to proclaim! abroad, that the producers of our annua! export of 830,0u0,000 of a staple, admitted to be equal to so much bullion?a staple too, which sustains nearly one half of the entire commerce of England, are too impotent to . guard their own interests. If witu such resources,-our planters hive been feeble, because, os your correspondent justly says, they are widely dispersed?it is the very reason why they should assemble together, to dovise the means ofcontroiling their own prop?riy, which ev-'.y body else Ins he m too long in the habit of controllings and us ng for their own purposes. As to combinations abroad, they exist already, and have recen' ly carried their j power to the utmost stretch. They have bad to give way, and a re-act ion is already commenced, fho idea that other cotton countries w il rival and supplant us, is utter- , ly visionary, i said to un intelligent mer , chant of London, intimately acquainted w ill) the East India trade,44 how is it that Eng. , land bus never been able to obtain a larger supply of cotton from her East India pos-! sessions ?" Ho replied,44 the difference of ! freight alone, to say nothing ofother causes, is sufficient to account for it." But the combination of slave labor, with highly intelligent proprietors, present, to direct their operations?a combination which exists no where else iu the world, is the great and sufficient cause of that superiority iu our cotton planting, which will forever defy all competition, until fanaticism shall reduce us to tiie condition of S . Domingo and Jamaica. 1 will notice but one or two more objections. One writer exclaims 44 let trade alone, to regulate itself V' and another is so very absurd, as to consiJcr this effort of the planters to place their property out of the reach . of foreign combinations, by preventing its accumulation in the hands of speculators, without capital as a gross violation of the principles of free trade ! Vur-ly, these are new lights shed upon the world ! Because, forsooth, the planters choose to select ll? rir own agents, their own manner, and their own time for bringing their cotton to market, a tremendous hubbub is for;hwith . raised, as if the pillars of the constitution were abou: to be torn down. The planteis. quiet and dispersed as they are, have boon ro loner and so habitually sheared, that those wiio have enjoyed the golden fleece, seem ) now to regard it a# a vested right, ft is high time to brf?k the illusion of this prescriptive right, nnd teach ail such, that if the planters have been picked and fleeced, they are neither gease nor sheep. And if tiny class in our Southern communities choose to take sides against us, and even become the advocates of the foreign manufac urers, as the extraordinary course or some of our journals on the sea const and the Gulpb, would almost warrant us in suspecting?ihey must be taught that the plan- 1 ters constitute the first estate in the empire of Southern commerce, and are not to be driven, or flattered wheedM, from their just 1 purposes, by the combined forces of speculators and editors. J trust, th?rcfor?, that the proposed Con. mention will assemble at Macon, and that the i planters a', least, will be fully represented, by i ihe very ablest men tltey can select. It is i no ordinary occasion, but, far more impor- .* lant to the South and South*-West, than all < the presidential Conventions ever brought ! together. < GEORGE M'DUFFIE. i From the Fjrmere' Cabinet. Cows vs. Horses* [laving read a communication in the last number of the Cabinet signed H., on the cost of keeping nn idle horse," f found the sum of sixty dollars as there set down, quite wiihin the mark ; and I should not knew how to accomplish it for that sum hy a long slice ; and if H. was to take shoeing and liability to contingencies into the account, it would considerably swell the aggregate account. On examining the subject and looking a little further into it, I find that the cost of keeping 14 one i lie horse," will keep two milch cows comfortably, and that each cow during the year will produce, (including a calf) a cloar gain of thirty dollars without any straning of the point whatever. This makes sixty dollars per annum profit from the two cows, which added to tho sixty dollars loss sustained by keeping " an idle horse," instead ofthe cows, nt tiio same cost, makes a d.fference of one hundred and . * -- J " .? ..Ant* r\r ftj|? intJTHSt oftWO' I WOmy UUilura a T^u>i "I thousand dollars for on? year, oud so on from year to year as long as the error is persisted in. I knew a very worthy, industrious, careful firmer, about fifty years ago, who had a snug farm and ev< ry thing apparently in good order about him, but he did'nt tlnive; wiien he died, it was found he was not out of debt; and his estate was altogether much less than was expectc I. I tried in vain to acconnt for it, but was unable to do so till, after this long lapse of time ; but now I can see through it, and understand it thoroughly, ! remember, he kept about a dozen horses, on a farm of ubout 100 acres, and he kept them well, too ; sleek, clean nice and well fed ; for he was fond of horses, and fine or.es too, though he was no sportsman. FI s horse stable was twice as largo as his cow stable. The coivs wore about six in number, if my mem. ory serves right, at this long dis'ance of lime. Now four or five horses would have beca nil.sufficient for his necessary purpoes, and all over this number was surplusage, as the lawyers say ; say seven above' the right numU'r, which would represent, in the expense of keep, fourteen cows. As butter in those days only sold for about half as much as it does in these latter times, 1 put the profit of each cow (including the calf, at one half, say fifteen dollars a year, and fifteen times fourteen is two hundred and ten dollars a year, loss sustained by keeping seven horses instead of fourteen cows. Now our schoolmaster, who is good at calculation, says, shut an annual sum of 210 dollars put to interest at 6 per cent., and a tike sum tt> k ? ?ch year, and the in., terest accruing annually being put out to interest, that in ten years it will amount to$2, 707 90?and that in 20 years it will be $7,. 724 97?in 25 yars, $12 070 19?in 3d : years, $10,602 21?in 40 year <, $32,5000 01. Now this shows very plainly why the old man died in debt, instead of leaving a good farm for each of his children. It is just as plain to me now, as that grass grows ; though for a long series of years it was quite inexplicable, notwithstanding I had oft-ai thought of it, and tried to solve the mystery; but i now see 1 always went in ihe wrong seen', and when you do thai you will never catch the game, I now am confirmed in the conclusion that whatever we understand is easy, ?nd that whatever we don't understand is difficult and mysterious. The old man was all his life travelling oil the wrong rack, to arrive ut independence and weal'h, and 1 now see many going the same roud on horseb ?ck, and there can't be a doubt but fhcy will come out at the same place witn the old farmer alluded to ; for like causes always produce the same effect under similar circumstance. Some of the old folks who are your readers, will very likely be desirous of knowing who the old farmer was that kept so many horses and so few cows. I fihat question should be asked, just inform litem that, he has been dead a great many years, but that ho was my father, and u good father ho was too, but he did'nt seem to think, that idle horses made no butter. Abraham. The Strangle* in Morse*. This is principally a disease incidental to you.ig horses, usually appearing be; ween the fourth and filth years. It is preceded by cough and can at first be scarcely distinguished from common cough, except that there is more discharge from the nostril, of a yellowish color, mixed wi.h mailer, but generally without smell ; and likewise a considerable discharge of ropy matter from the ' llion iiciiul t?n mould* 3uu iiiuii uouu van' der the throuf. This swelling increases with uncertain rapidity, accompanied by some fever and disclination to ear, partly arising from the fever, but moie from the pain the animal feels in the act of chewing. There is considerable thirst, but afier a gulp or two, the animal ceases to drink, yet is ardently desirous of more, in the attempt to swallow, and sometimes when not drinking, a convulsive cough coitv-s on which almost threatens to suffocate the animal ; and thence, probably, the name of the disease. The tumor is about the centre of the channel of the under jaw; it soon fills the whole space, and is evidently one uniform body ; and may thus he dig inguished from glanders or the enlarged glands of catarrh. At length the centre of it becomes more prominent and soft,and evidently contains fluid. This rapidily increases, the tumor bursts, and a great quantify of pus is discharged, As soon as tho tuinor has broken, the cough subsides, and the horse speedily mends. The treatment is very simple. As the essence of the disease consists in the formation and suppusation of the tumor of the under jaw, the principal, or almost the sole attention? should be directed to the hasten ng of these processes. Therefore as soon isiho tumor of strangles evidently appears, he patt should be actively blistered. As toon as the swelling is soft on the top, and jvidently Contains matter, it should be deepy and freely lanced. If the incision is ieep and large enough, no second collec. ion of matter will be found. From the Farmer's Monthly Visitor. Cooking Potatoes. There is n class of people who exceed ill others within our knowledge in the application of means to ends, in the metlwds ol giving to domestic hfe all its comforts, in making and preserving every thing useful, in preparing their meat in due season, and in furnishing not expensively, but in the best manner, such food as is conducive to health. That class is the people called Shakers. To describe a single family of 4^-* - !? - ? ? ?? -v*? > ? mr ka r|p_ lilts SllJgUIUI lAJIlllllulilijr, Iiuuiu uu iu v.? scribe all other families?so much are they alike in their manners and mode of living. Without wishing 10 be obtrusive, we never fail to call upon them so of en as we have an opportunity, because we are richly p;ud for every thing in the information we receive. In concluding our late perambulation which touched four of the eigut counties of the State, we so timed as to invite ourselves to tarry over night at Enfield, where tnc aiaier in tiroes who keep ??ilie office" seem always to iiavo received our v si;s with all that kindness and so *iab lity which could bo d< sired. A good supper or dinner is always soon ready after our arrival; and Friend Dyer cons ntmg to lake simple pay, we have been emboldened to repeated calls. We tarried with them on the night of the 27tn July. They had new potaioes on the table ; but their olJ potatoes were better than their new. it was a matter of general complaint that potatoes were not good last year?they were wet and soggy when cooked ; and so disagreeable to the taste had they become, that for months we had made our usual meal generally wither- tnem. Wheth'T tfey will bo agreeable to the tasto or not can generally he observed by their appearance when brougnt to the tahle. The Enfield sisters brought us some, which, as they appeared, so they proved, to be, not less welcome to Me taste than auy we h ive ever eaten ; they were mellow and mealy and their flavor was all we could desire as an accompan ment of a preparation of mea1. On asking the method of preparation of potatoes for the table at a season nearly a month later than it is common to make use of the lust year's potatoes, 'he sister having charge of he cookery discovered the whole process. The preparation is begun by taking a sufficient quantity of potatoes from the cellar, where they should always be kept until this time, to lust three or four d.ivs or n ? week sprouting and washing them clean. If ihe potatoes are to be cooked for the morning they arc then taken in the evening, and if for dinner before breaks in the morning, pared, not entirely, hut two-thirds or threefourths of the skin on theoutsi ie ; they are til 'n soaked several h.mra in?lonn cold water, which operation is said to extract ulJ those deleterious quuliles which are disagreeable both to the eve and to the taste. Boiled in a kettle of water until about twotmrds cooked, a large portion of the water is turned off, leaving the remainder toevaporato in steam over and through the potatoes. The result is, r2i.it even those potatoes which are shrivelled with the lateness of the season will come out as nvaly and fresh as tlie best of potatoes when taken ripe from the ground. -t ... Wo behave this method of prepwrat'on to be of such value that thousands of those who have felt obliged to eat bad potatoes, una will th mk mo o.iaK'T sisier *i?u naa bled us to g ve this information to the rea*. ders of the Farmer*s Monthly Visitor. FESERVATION OF APPLES. The following practical observations, contained in o letter from Noah Webster, have been published in ih Massachusetts Agricultural Repository? ** It is the practice with some persons to pick apples in October, and first spread them on the floor of an upp<'r#room.?-This practice is said to render apples more durable, by drying them. But I can affirm this to be a mistake. Apples af er remaining on the trtje as long as safety from the host will admit, should be taken directly from tho trees to close casks, and kept as dry and cool as possible. If suflerred to he on the floor for weeks, they wither and lose their flavor, without acquiring any additional durability. The best mode of pre. serving apples for spring use, I nave found to be, the pu ting of them in dry sxnd as soon as picked. For this purpose, procure dry sand in the heat of summer, and late in October put down ihe apples in layers, with a covering of stud upon each layer. Tho siugular advantages of this mode of treatment are these : 1st. The sand keeps the apples from the air, which is essential to their preservation. 2d. The sand checks the evaporation of the apples, thus preserving them in their full flavor?at the same time any moisture yielded by the apples, (and some there will be,) is absorbed hw tho srinH so tlmt the armies are kent drv? "j """" ~ " ----- ! I - - I " - j' and all mustiness is prevented. My pip. p.us in M.?y and Juiio, are as fresh as when first picked : even the ends of the stem look as if just separated from the twig." Judge Bjel, a practical farmerof great experience, and also a man of science, advises, that a farmer should till no more land than he can keep dry and clean, and rich : and that he should keep no more stock than his crops will feed well, and that can be made profitable to the farm. SILK CULTURE, SILK AND TREES. A Cincinnati correspondent of the National Gazette makes the following remarks :? "As some evidence that we of the west are wdkng to back our suggestions by substantial proof of our sincerity in this matter. I may mention a single instance of a recent purchase of trees by a gentleman of Ohio, and which illustrates tbo deficiency of supply in this quarter of ihe country. The gentleman referred to is now erecting a cocoonery on a very extensive scale, but not having lime to raise trees next spring, from shoots or cuttings, lor feeding his worms, is compelled to purchase them of this summer's growth for that purpose. According, ly he recently purchased of Mr. John S. Chapman, of Mead * county Ky. and the only person I know of in the west whose crop tias not failed, Ins entire crop of about 25,000, at 55 cents a piece, to which will be added the additional expense of transporting them some 200 mil' s. This he considers a great bargain. I hazard little ir saying that five or ten millions of ;rees could be sold in this immediate valley. (Ohio,) al this time, or in the fall, lor prices ranging from 50 cents to one dollar. Nor will the demand cease with the coming seuson. Ai lh?* rate they have increased during the hsi five years in the United States, the demanc will not be supplied, much less the m trkei overstocked, for ihe next ten years. 1 speul advisedly, and with a knowledge of facts The wes: is just awakening to the import ance of this subject. The increase of trees during the last sea son has not met the expectations and hopcj of thesilk culiurist. In many places the} have utterly failed from the unusual unfriend lifit'ss of the spring. In conclusion, | ma^ add that I do not own over 500 trees my self, and that I expect to be a purchaser fo the next two years, as i am preparing t< builJ a cocoonery in this State." From Morris's Silk Farmer. From Letters to the Editor of the Sib Farmer. Mr?. Heagnn writes us from Getfysburj ?4,We have raised two crops of worms and are now going on with the third. Wi fed entirely on the multicaulis, and lost at averuge of only 13 worms osl of every IOOC Our cucoons weighed 7 lbs. to the 1000. kept all for the eggs, which are now deposi ted on paper, from which they should no be removed, but suffered to hatch wher they ant laid, as nature never intended then to removed. Growers should beware o of sickly worms, as the eggs of one that i sickly are sufficient to destroy a whole co coonery full. Tney should feed on a les scale; 100 good coroons are better thai 1000 bad ones. The eggs are woithless and it is impossible to reel bad cocoons int< merchantable silk. Many persons hav gone into the business like the young farm ?T wno ploughed his horses at a trot til eleven o'clock, and then let his plough statu the rest of the time." uMontgomery. Alabama, Aug. 2?. "The morus grows finely in this county this is the first year they have been plan tec consequen ly are bigh A gentleman toll me yesterday he had been offered ono do I lar each f<ir bis whole crop of trees, ofabou 4000. I have no doubt they will be big W 4~U, ?ar the people aro getting ver much in the spirit oTplnm^ ??houl here* "Coshocklon, Ohio, Sept. 2. ul was a few days since at the pleasan village of Economy, Pa. There the maim facturing of silk geod9, of almost every de scription, is carried on systematically an profitably. Si Piedmontese reels and twisting machine containing 129 spindlei were in successful operation, all carried o by steam. One of the hand looms weavt seven ribands at a time, many of which se readily at 75 cents p<*ryurd." * SALBS OF TREES. Three sales were made the last week ii August, near Columbia, Pa. the first at ! cents per bud ; the second at 45 cents pe tree, and the other at 12 1 2 cents per foot Another sale of 1000 trees was made in tha town at IL cents per toot, ana izj cents 10 the root; and one of 1000 trees averag nj 25 buds at 50 cents, or 2 cents per bud.Mr. Ralph Giiiett of E l ngfon (says the sill Farircr) lately sold 35,000 trees at 12 I I per foot, to buyers from the interior o Pennsylvania. In Windsor N.C. a few tree of this years' growth have been sold a' $? each, and $1,50 offered and refused for oth ers. We see numerous sales reported tit pri ces varyit.g from 20 to 75 cents, but as t v height of the trees is commonly not sta'ed we have no means of ascertaining the r la tive price. Roots sold at Snrewsbury, Pa ashigh as $1,50. At Trenton,N.J. roots soli at auction a! prices varying from 14 to 3< cents each, according to size. Those a the lowest price small. SALES OF MORtJS MULTICAULIS TREES. The Ibllowing sales of trees have be 1 made within last two we, k>, viz. 20,000 ii East Hartford, at 30 cents a tree; 50,00( in Wethersfield, at 30 cents ; 13,000 ii Glastenbury, ut 40 cents ; 2,000 in Berlin I at 37 1-2 cenis ; and a gen leman in Farm ' ington has paid 45 cents a tree for a lot We learn that about 300,000 trees hav< uc uully been sold this season, in the vicini, ty of Hartford. Of these, 70.000 have beei sold to go to Pennsylvania, 50,000 to Miciu gan, 20,000 to NVw Jersey, 50,000 t< Massachusetts, and 10,000 to N? w York Hartford Courier, MORUS MULTICAULIS. We understand that contracts have beei lately entered into in this county, for the sal ot the Morus Mul.icaulis, at 11 1-2 cent per foot measuring the roots, main stalk and all the branches. We have also beei informed, on unques'ionable authority, tlia Mr. E. Wilkins near Gaston has recentf refused $200,000 for his lot of Multicauh now growing.?Danville Rep. To the Editor of the Silk Farmer. Burlington, N. J. Sept. 1. "That portion of the community wh nr.ny be termed croakers to the siik caus will try to make it appear all the iroes i the country are for sale ; but it is far fror being the case, for very many! arge field: besides the still larger number of smalle ones, are designed to remain permanent, ft the purposo of the ?itk culture. In the Vi cinity of Richmond I visited several distin- l guished persons in the silk culture, and to i my satisfaction I found things firmly ad- < vancing in the right way. Mr Curtis Carter I has on his plantation a cocoonery 130 feet i long, 30 feet wide, and two stories high, i with a cellar in which to keep his leaves fresh, Mr. Carter had just begun to gather i the cocoons from a crop of worms he had fed, the production of nine ounces of eggs, and had met with excellent success. He was selling his mulberry trees to his neighbours and planters who want them, in srni.ll Jo's of 500 or 1000 trees, for their own use, and pay in most part about fifty cents each. He had sold 20,000 trees or more in this retail wav, to be planted next year for the silk culure. Thomas Pleasants <fe Co., of B'dlona Arsenal, have made a good beginning, nnd laid the foundation for a permanent business. They have a large number of acres planted with trees at distances, to remain stationary, to furnish leaves for feeding next year and years after. The Arsenal Buildings they will occupy for cocooneries ; they are very spacious and well adapted. On my way through Virginia into North Carohna, I found that the planters pretty generally verei n the spirit of beginning the silk culiure in a small way, to maKe h a collateral branch of their farming, as employment for their weaker lat.our, which i consider tho proper course. Tne planters; s iy ihry must give up their cotton growing in a measure to the more southern s'ates, i and hegiti to think that silk wi I be the proper substitute to give employment to their infirm labour. The few trials that have been made has given them ample proof that ' the mulberry will flourish well even in their worn-out soils, and the silk-worms can be [ managed well even by their coloured popu iation. I foun that the ladies of wealthy i families were quite in tne spirit of the silk i culmre; sr,d w6rc iurning their own hands > to the business, and speak of it in its true ! light, as being every way worthy their most earnest attention. When the ladies embark t in a worthy enterprise, it is pietty sure to > be enrried through with spirit aud in a pro* i p^r manner. r In Virginia and North Carolina in the i most favorable portions for the silk culture, , the moru-.multicaulis trees are being bought i in small lots by the planters for their own i uses at 60 cents per tree, and some very good trees for more, and many sales of buds > at two cents each, but of retail quantities, ! and in this way the trees are fast getting out of market. I am sure there are no more I trees ut the south than the people want for I their own use this year. Last year the frees were confined to the soa-porfs and cities, and were sent north for a market; J but this year they are being sent back I amongst the planters, in their proper plaees. , for use, wi ere ac shull, in a very f w years, I have a return from them in raw silk or silk fabrics. C. S. t I From tho Philad. United States Gazette, r LARGE SALE OF MORU8 MULTICAULIS. ? The annexed is a correct statement of the - uan.t/cT, prices; ind proceeds of the Morus Muliicauhs, the properly of Mr. Physick, sold Sept. 18th, by C. J. WoJbert, Auctioner, at the ' Highlield Cocoonery, Germantnwn, Pa. The - trees were sold as they stood in the ground, . those under 12 inches to be rejected. Owing ] to a thin soil and close planting, the sizes of i trees were generally small, and the branches few, the average height, according to esti* ' mates made on the ground, being about 2 1-2 1 feet. The purchasers were generrally from a * distance. The largest portion being trom 1 Missouri, Illinois, and other Western states. The prices, it wilJ be seen, averaged 31 23-100 eta per tree, equal to 12 1-2 cts per foot. 50 rows, say 60.000 at 30 cts. ?18,000 00" , 20 do do 20 OtJO " 274 do 5,500 ? 0 , 10 do do 11.500 " 35 do 4.025 00 ' 52 do do 59,800 " 37$ do 22.425 00 ' 55 do do 63,250 " 324 do 20,.V>6 25 , 30 do do 36,000 " 25 do 9,000 00 I 1 do do 1,000 " 224 do 225 00 , 10 do do 8,500 174 do 1,487 00 : Whole No. " " of trees, 260,050 " 31,23 100 ?81,218 75 ! A Cubiositv.?A gentleman informed us a few days since, that a short time pre. t vious while in pursuit of wild turkeys, in 1 Fl irt county Kentucky, in company with a I ilmi 1. ,,v /I cr?r?vprerl nn the summit II ICilVil * (*'? ? ?I J V4 0WV> va V.? ..... . . of a knowl or elevation, a large hole, that t would admit a man's body without much difficulty. Curiosity led them to make pre? parations for descending into it; and after . necessary preparations, and an accession I of company they entered this mysterious t place. At the depth of about sixty feet, they found themselves in a substerraneous cavern or room, aoparenly cut of solid rock (through which they had passed for m .ny leet,) which appeared to be sixteen or i. eighteen feet square. Our informant was i the first person who entered the room, and i he was not a little surprised that the first o > i ject which met his eyes was a human skull, , with all the teeth en'ire. Upon further ex. animation, it was found that the whole place was filled with skeletons of men, women 1 and children. Under the sranll aperture through which w.~. thn nlace was Derfectly i 1 HIU> unswMiuvw ?..v I dry, ond the bones in a state of great ? preservation. An entire skeleton of a human boJy was obtained. They concluded to examine how deep the bones laid, and penetrated through them in one place between four and seven feet, but i found them equally plentiful a* on the top, ! seemed to rise an offensive effluvia as they i approached where it was a little damp, i There w is no outlet to the room, and a large i snake which they found there, and which t appeared entirely docile, passed around the r room several times whib they were in it. 5 The discovery is a subject for the speculation of philosophers, with regard to the period and circumstances attending this ancient charnal-house. Central Watchman. ? A French Chem si lias discoved a , mode of making tallow candles to resemble i wax candles, both in color and tn burning. 1 The process employed to convert the tallew , into white wax is verv' ingenious. It conr sists of various operations of boiling, purir fying and pressing. A hydraulic press, > wrought by o steam engine, is used. White the pressure is applied, a dark yellow oil squeezed from tho tallow. The expulsion of the oil leaves the substance of the tallow hard and whi'e like wax. So close is the r-semblunce which these compressed tallow candles have to wax candles, that no person, without a close examination, could discover the difference, while they are only one half the price. Large quantities are now manu. factured at an establisi ment in London. They are unquestionably a great improve* merit and must soon supercede the common tallow candle. It should not be long before a munufac.ory of the kind is established in this country, N. Or eans Bulletin. From the St. Louia, Missouri Argus. The Mascal Plant.?This cxtraordin. ary vegetable production, (a description of whirh has- never been published) is only to be found on t e Rio Gr n !e, and its tribut. ary sreams, N. VV.ofthe Mexican republic?it grows spon'aoeously on the most barren and sterile mountains in that country, und is as much esteemed as an article of food by the Mexican Indians as if the * Buffalo, the Elk, and the Deer, by their more Northern neighbors. The M iscal * grows in the shape of a cabbage head, aud may be found as large in size as a half bar* ref; it is thickly covered with shark prickly protuberances to the length of from twelve to eighteen inches, fhe root is very small t ie head has also a thick covering of leaves, much resembling in shape those of the PUq. tation tree, which are very juicy, und wheo prepared for eating in the same manner as the head, afford a sweet and nutritious be- I vcrnge, answering every purpose to allay a J thirst. " The process used for cooking this plant is very singular, yet if digressed from in a single instance the Mascal is spoiled and ren. ' dercd unfit for use ; it consists of digging a hole or pit in the ground to the depth of four or five feet, which must be covered with a layer of heated rocks, on- which the Mascal is to be placed with the root downward ; a thick cost of !eaves and bushels i must be thrown over tne mouth of the pit, | over all of which is to be lain a thin coat of dirt just sufficient to prevent the heat or stearn from escaping. In this situa ion must the Mascal remain (according to Indian computation?for three days and three nights, when it may be taken out, and will be found perfectly cooked, and most delicious food. In flavour it resembles a ripo 1 in? llow peach, each succeeding day adding to its good qualities, it in creases in excellence by age. On this plant alone do tho Indians subsist for months, being perfectly satisfied wi h their food, und esteeming it above all other. About half a pound of Mascal is by thein deemed sufficient to satisfy the cruvings of hunger for a day, and is always curried with th m on their hunting nnd other excursions.?As I before observe 1, the leaves of tnis favoured plant contain a rich and de igh'ful beverage, altogether forming a*most extraordinary combination of food and drink, thus affording another illus ration of the beia-ficonce of a kind Providence in securing even to the wild and untutored savage a luxury which their more fivored Imd c w lized brethren might well envy. 1 have seen the Mascal so 'hick in some places as to form an almost impenetrable forest of thorns, as formidable in appearance as would be the same number of glitteriog spears, convering the whole expense of !be cnuntry ns far as the eye could see, in travel ing through which the incautious or unwury will be reminded by a gentle stab of the necessity there is to have a care. i - ?? -i-. i i rnny aiso mention mm many vi un I peasantry of the states of Lonora and Chihuahua, bordering on this country, also cul* livate the MascM in their fieidsand gardens, and 1 have been informed distil, from it !i. quor which is said to be excellent, and not inferior to the b *st Jamaica Rum. From the St. Joseph's Times. REMARKABLE ESCAPE. . On the passage of the ship Alexander, from New Orleans to New York, o young lad abou; 14 years old, from a naturally frolieksome and mischievous disposition, become so iroublesome in his pranks, that it was threatened by the Captain if they were continued, that he would confine him in a water cask. Our youngster took no b"ed, however, and at his next offence was put in the cask, which was headed up, leaving a large bung tole for the admission of air. That nigf-t the ship encountered a violent storm, nnd in a sudden lurch, the cask cout uning the boy rolled over ntoi the sea. The circumstance was not noticed by those on board. For unately the cask struck bung up, and floated about thirty hours, when it was thrown upon the Beach Cape at St. BIa9. Here the boy mado desperate efforts to extricate himself from his prison without success, and in despair gave up to die. Some cows how? ver gtrol ling on the Beach, were attracted to th cask, and in walking around it one of the number, it being fly time, switched her tail in o ii e ' u hole, which the lad grasped with adesperateiresolutior. The cow bel. lowed and set off lor life, and after running some two hundred yards with the cask, struck it against a log on the b ach, and lrris\s*lr<>sl if -ie tvA S8V. infO 3 cock'd flat.? UIIUVU M I* U? w?, The boy thus provi ientially release I was discovered by some fishermen on the point and taken into Apnla<*hicoli, where a sm-ll collection being made for him, lie was enabled t > proceed North by the way of Columbus* ARTIFICIAL GRANITE ROAM. Since Wednesday week a number of workmen have been employed in laying down a new pathway in that part of Bird Cage wjilk just at Storey's gate, and front* ing the late residence of the honorable MrsNorton. Tno material composing the pathway is a new invention, styled a artificial granite," and is a " mineral, animal, and vegetable combination." The process a** dopteri in the laying it down is similar to tha' of the asphalte, the composition being poured out boiling hot, upon the loose gravel, with which it is amalgamated. A few minutes suffice to make tne composition