Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, August 30, 1839, Page 164, Image 2
them no credit for remarkable talents ??
Or, shall we still cling to these theories,
maugre the facts, merely because we have
already spent so much time in laborious efc
forts to sustain them ? I cao answer
only for myself by saying, that I will
ever abide by frets in preference even to
my own opinion, whenever they conflict
with each other. But in regard to the sub- j
ject now under consideration,-1 believe
there is a perfect accordance between them.
Your subscriber however, may possibly
think that I have "jumped too speedily to
toy conclusions I will therefore, respecL J
fully offer to hi in such explanation of the
operation of surface spread manures, as has
bt?n satisfactory, at least to myself. Should
it prove so to him, I shall have gained my
object in complying wi'h his request.
My belief, founded on the facts already
stated, is, that all the fertilizing substances
of manures are soluble in water, and will
remain un njuredd themselves, and useless
to plants until the solution begins, whether
they be deposited on or under the earth's
surface, f also believe, that this solution
is caused by every fall of rain, and is immediately
absorbed by the subjacent soil,
which absorption resubs Irom two causes;
? j - ? I, _
firsf, the principle or gravity, una secondly,
the stronger attraction of ;he earth than of
the atmosphere, for every substance in so.
lutioa which constitutes the food of plants.
Moreover, that the earth never pans with
this feod. when thus absorbed, to anv thin<r
but the plants themselves ; for it,is their
peculiar aliment, and not that of theatmos.
phure, whose existence, for ought we know
to the contrary, is entirely independent of
it, although its agency seems essential to the
health and vigor of all plants. If this were
a or the fact; if, (for example,) the earth did
give the best and greatest proportion of this
food to the atmosphere; or, if it escaped
from surface spread manure, before gravity
and attraction could impart it to the earth,
then the evaporation which is supposed to
be the medium of conveyance, and which
is known to be constantly going on from
the soil, would, in process of time, certainly
render it barren, even without any cuitlva.
tion whatever. Yet neither total nor par.
tial barrenness is ever known to be produced
by any other cause, than incessant cubtore
without manure. That evaporation
does take off something from manure while
in a moist state is proved by the offensive
smdl which constantly exhales from it until
it is entirely dry. This sine 11 is excited
by a gat which is suid by some, to contain
the most valuable portion of the food of
plan:8. But admit the fact, where is the
proof of this portion being lost? 1 say
there is none. On the contrary, we havo
what 1 think a conclusive reason for believlog,
that this food is immediately given by
lite atmosphere to the tope of plants, as more
suitable to thera than to their roots. My
reason for this belief is, the result of the
following experiment which I have koown
to be repeated several times. All the bark
was taken off from around the body of cer.
tain young trees, in a ring about three inch*
es wide, for the purpose, in the first case
which I saw., ol ascertaining whether this
process would not kill the tree. But to the
surprise of us all, not more than a year or
two elapsed, before that part of the body
above. the ring became obviously larger
than the oart below, and this difference in (
size increased ever year afterwards, as 1
bad frequent opportunities of noticing. <
Another reason why I believe, that manures
act better, if spread on the surface of
land, than when buried under it in the cus- i
toruary manner, is, that in the first cose, the
rain water carries the dissolved substances
oo deeper than the roots of mos' of ourcultivated
plants always grow, unless they are
forced out of their natural course ; and
there these substances remain fast held by
the earth's chemical affinity, until the stronger
attraction of the spongioies of the roots
begins to act upon them. But in the second
case, that is, where manure is ploughed
under as soon as spread, ail the food of
plants contained then in, being placed at
once quite as deep as their spongioies ml.
turaliy grow, and litis too, before the rains
begin to dissolve it, the subsequent solutions
caused thereby, necessarily sink still deeper,
and generally b*yr nd the reach of the plants
for whose nourishment they are designed.
In no other way can I account for the long
noticed and invariable superiority of crops
produced by surface spread manure, to those
produced by that which was ploughed in.
To me there appears to be but this alter,
native, either to deny the facts already sta.
ted, which I myself have oflen witnessed,
or to explain them, (if we must theorise on
the subject at all.) in some such way as the
one which 1 have just offert d to your subK?tber,aod
to such others of our brethren j
as may choose to examine it. Permit me
further to add, that on this subject nature * "*
?n nffiP lit A luffiful lf?fisnn if ,
we were not too wiae in our own conceits to
be taught by such an instructress; for I
know not a single exception to her practice
of depositing on the earth's surface, all the
putrseoent substances of every nature and
kind, which appear designed to preserve
her fecundity.
in close connexion with this subject,
there is one other matter, on which I will
take the liberty to express an opinion, although
your subscriber has not asked for
it. This is, ?n regard to the best state in
which manure can be applied. So fur as
my own experience enables me to judge,
an experience confirmed by that of many
atom in wlose practical knowledge of the
sufcyem I have great confidence, I believe
that the fresher it is, the betttl^j for in such
state, so much less will suffice, than in anymore
advanced stage of putrefaction, thot
time, labor, and value are all saved in th*
application: while none the alledged
"burning" ascribed to the manures being
"too hot," ewer occurs, if the quantity used
b* lessened in proportion to its freshness.
This injury to plants, if i mistake not, is
always caused by excess in the quantity,
and not by the quality of the manure wt
apply to them, although the two things pre |
often confouoded, and thereby contribute to
the perpetuation of error in regard to the
nature and operation of all fertilizing substances.
There is not, 1 believe, an agri.
culturist of any experience in our country
who has not had frequent opportunities of
witnessing numerous facts to prove the correctness
of these opinions. But, as I be
fore remarked, we are all vastly fonder of
our own fancies, than of facts in opposition
to them ; and consequently pass all such
without notice, or, when-too strong and obtrusive
to be entirely disregarded, we spare
no labor nor pains to force them, as far as
we possibly can :o subserve some oreviously
conceived notion which our silly pride
forbids us to abandon. This obstacle to
the progress of ail improvement, but espe_
cially in husbandrjt is one of the most pernicious
of our besetting sins; and but for
this, it seems to me impossible that any con.
troversy should still exist in regard to the
best manner and state in which to apply
manures to land. Two or three years, at
most, would have been amply sufficient to
establish the most beneficial practice, if all
those whose special interest it is to ascertain
it, would have diligently and impartially
resorted to comparative experiments, ac.
curately and assiduously made for the purpose,
rather than to speculating and theorizing
about it. But it can ueVer be too late
to make such experiments. Let me tt?erefore,
roost earnestly, but respectfully re- i
commend to your subscriber, who has i
done me the honor to ask my opinion,
as well os to nil others who may still
have doubts on the subject, forthwith j
commence making trials of the differ. <
ent methods qF applying manures, and ,
also of the different statesln which it is ap- j
plied. The opinions of experienced men
are certainly well worth consulting, in re- r
gard to all matters connected with their respective
trades, professions or callings ; but '
we should never implicitly take them as
guides for our own practice, any longer !
than until we can have leisure to test their 9
correctness by actual experiments. When 2
a number of these concur in producing the 9
same uniform result, it is a matter of very 1
little comparative importance, how others j
may endeavor to account for the fact, as
the fact itself is the all important thing, es- J
pecially in every practical art. But this '
war between speculation and practice, be* J
tween nature's own doings, and our fanci- '
ful ways of accounting for them, is destined
I fear, never to cease, so long as such a 1
hing remains in the world, as pride of opin- 1
ion. Let a man once commit himself so '
fur, either in speaking or writing, as pub. j
lickly to deliver whatever he considers an
argument in support of his " ipse dixit," 1
and there are a hundred chances to one 9
that he persists in it to the day of his death. I
In thus complying with your subscriber's (
request, I may perhaps have said more 1
than either he or you expected or wished. <
If I have done so, I must rely for my ex 1
cuse, on the proverbial garrulity of old age,
unless your own kind feelings will suggest ^
a better. I remain, dear sir, yours very {
respectfully, *
? -JAMES M. GAENCTT.
<
From the Hunterdon, Fa. Democrat. f
Extraordinary Destruction of Grain, 1
by worms.
The premises of Mr. Leonard P. Kuhl, 1
k respectable farmer of ibis couatry, was 8
- - * n I . !- .1 - f.l
risited on tne imn 01 Jtny iasi, id uio ioi- a
owing extraordinary manner: On Sun. J
Jay, Mr. Kuhi took a leisure walk over bis c
fields for the purpose of examining his grain, 1
which ? few days before looked re. r
markaly well, and promised an abundant s
yield. On his approach to one of the fields c
in which a fine crop of oats was growing, g
ho discovered that the grain was infested *
with an innumerable quantity of worms, re- \
sembling very much the appearance of the t
common black cut worm so destructive of s
corn, but rather longer and mnch more ac- e
tive. Mr. Kuhl supposes, from appear, s
aoces, that they commenced their depreda.
(ions on or about Friday, the I9ih ult., and 1
continued their work of destruction until the 1
following Wednesday, at the end of which r
time, they had destroyed about two hundred 1
bushels of oats, leaving not a vestige of a 1
single spear of either oats or grass, in the <
whole space of about five acres. Their 1
mode of operation was very extraordinary, ]
and is described to us as follows: They I
ascended the stalk, clipping off as they <
went along, every blade, until the) reached i
the head?they would then cut the grain 4
off, which would fall to the ground?after 1
which, they would descend again, and feed *
upon the substances which had falleo. They i
pursued this course until tbey literally des*
troyed about two hundred bushels of oats, i
as above stated, and otherwise stripta large 1
portion of the field of every thing that was I
on it, so that it now resembles the appear* r
ance of having been swept by fire. After c
hey fed upon the oats, they proceeded to aq t
adjoining field, and commenced theirdepre. t
lotions upon the potatoes and corn, ot t
which it seems they partook but little, as c
neither of those vegetables agreed very well 1
with them. They ate but once of the po~ 1
tatoes, which purged them so excessively r
that they were found dead, in large quanti
ties a short time after. The effects of the i
corn upon them were somewhat similar, I
though they survived longer after eating it. I
They did not appear to eat much of either I
grain, but stripped the stalk and left it stun- i
ding naked in the field.
From the description given of the worms, I
we are inclined to think they were a species
of what is called the army worm/' which
are known to be very destructive of grain,
and are occasionally suddenly found in
large quantities, destroying everything like
grain or vegetables within their rea^h. They
were of a dark color, and about an inch and
a quarter in length when full grown, having
from 16 to 18 legsor feet?four at the head,
and occasionally eight in the middle, and
six it* the rear. Some of them were also
marked with light colored strip*.* or spots on
the back. Mr. Kuhl observes that during
their operations, he never heard any thing
resemble more a large factory or place of
business?so loud w&9the hum or buzz they
I created while at work. In the heat of the
| day, they would seek shelter in the shade,
* /
pte chesnut color, with a coat com pari n,
with a thoroughbred horse; his gaits are fre<
I easy, true and regular : he trots a rnile ii
three minutes, varying but a few seconds
now, although he has never been trainee
j nor never has eaten 4 bushels of any kirn
of grain, since he was foalded. 1 hav
managed him wholly myself; he is porfec
tly safe, and well broken, before a gig, o
under the saddle : he has never shown a vi
cious act, and is gay and prompt. I hav<
never seen a sounder horse to my knowl
edge.?-I believe he is without a blemish.
Ihave been many years in accomplishing
this object, and know not how to combine
more useful properties in any one horse
Asa stallion, his value can hardly be cal
eclated. I feel a great confid? nee, that 01
some of the fine-blooded mares in your sec
tion of the country, he might produce foal
of the speed and bottom of Tom Thuml
and Ratler; and as a gig end saddle horse
is not excelled : he is quiet and perfectly
manageable in the gig ot saddle, on th<
road. In France, and many other places
the horses in common use, and their caval<
ry,are entire. My family chaise horse
milk cart horse, and team horses, are entire
and no more trouble than geldings.
- Having had repeated enquires fromyoui
section of the country, for gig and saddle
* 1 ? -?1 I -? ham r\r
under ciods or leaves, and feed Upon what
they could get. Towards sunset they would
renew their depredations, and continue ihern
until the following morning. If they were
approached suddenly, or heard the slightest
abrupt noise, they would double themselves
up and fall to the ground, as though they
were dead. At any time during their stay,
large quantities could be gathered in the
space of a few inches,, and so completely
was the ground covered with them, that by
laying down a hat in almost any part of the
field, it would encompass hundreds.
During the stay of the worm9, the field
was infested with a great variety of birds,
such as quails, blackbirds, crows, robbins,
dec., which devoured them very rapidity;
and but for their approach, it is supposed
much greater injury would have been sihl
tained. There were alfeo a great numbei
of land turtles found in tlie field at the same
time. We are requested to call the atten.
tion of farmers to this fact, in order to show
them the importance of allowing birds to
remain on their promises during grain grow,
ing seasons, as by destroying them, they
evidently give the worms a better oppor^
(unity to prey upon their crops.
The oldest farmers remark that they have
neither seen nor heard any thing similar
to tlw above remarkable incident, and look
npon it altogether an extraordinary circumstance.
? ? -A.-.
tannci ? stallion.
We copy the article below from the Americas
Parmer. The editor of that paper, in the coarse.
>f some introductory remarks, says*?1' The fob
owing descrijjtion recommendatory of a horse is
>y one of the beet judges of a horse, and one of
he best horsemen in this or any other country.*
The horse is the Bellfoonder Morgan, and is
>fiered at $2600.
" I think he posesses the best properties
as a roadster of any horse over bred in
New Englard. This you may think is a
strong expression, considering the many fine
roadsters we have bred. It is a fact of
jroat notoriety, that New England, within
hu last forty years, has produced more, and
better roadsters, than any other section of
this, and perhaps any other country. It has .
been said, and I believe it cannot be contra- ,
dieted with propriety, that there has never
been a breed of horses in New England,
which have proved so eminently useful as
tho M rgan breed. They have often excited
the admiration of strangers, foreigners,
See. They combine in a great degree the
prupertios so desirable to New England
Yankee notions, viz* go to church, go to mill,
under the saddle, before the gig,to the coach,
find before tho plough. They excel in*
great endurance, carrying weight a long
distance, noble and generous spirited, with a
docility of temper, that the most timid can,
drive them, but if put to their mettle, they
ire a full hand for the best whip.
The origin of this breed of horses is as
ollows Some time aboot 1796 to 1800,
i French Canadian horse accidentally
balded a full blood thorough bred racing
aaare, and wln-nehe dropped her colt, Up
>wner gavo it to a man in Vermont, by jbe
lame of Gass Morgan. At A r
his colt showed uncommon powers,and Mr..
Shovey, the man who broke and trained
lim, informed me, that he had frequently
teen him run one-quarter of a mile in fifteen
- ? it..j .l- ri
lecondg, l ilts COIt was catit-a me urar*
Morgan--1.ence the Morgan breed of hors>8.
The Gats Morgan lived over 30 years ;
ie was of great vigor. Mr. Shovey showed
ne a superior horse of his get, which he a*
ured me was the 13th foald of the same
lay*? get, by this horse. The Gats Mor.
fan horse was the crack
rod it>*t vWmity, for more than twenty.five
('ears, and he probably produced more foalds
hon any other norse on record ; he was the
tire of the famous Sherman Morgan horse,
i stallion of merit, exiruordinary powers,
ind fine properties.
I obtained some years since a remarks,
ile fine mare which was got by the Grass
Morgan horse. She had been owned in
ny neighborhood several years by a baker
iy trade, who reside I sixteen miles from
dost on. She had been driven in his bread.
:art with a toad of bread iato Boston aod
lack again, six days in tlie week, for several
fears, hardly missing a day. Her stile and
tcetness excited much attention. After
ibtaning this mare* ( put the imported horse
Bellfounder to her, and she dropped mo a
illy, aod when this filly was 4 years old,
[ put the Sherman Morgan horse to her,
ind she dropped me the colt which 1 call
he Bellfounder Morgan.
Bellfounder was imported from England
n 1832, by James Bratt. Esq. of Boston,
Bellfounder was sired by thai well known
ast and high brrd trotter, old Bellfounder,
iut of Velocity, by Haphazard, by sir Peter,
iut of Miss Harvy, by Eclipse. Velocity ;
rotted on the Norwich road in 1806, sixt
en mdes in one Iiour ; and although she
iroke fifteen times into a gallop, and as
iften turned round,-won her match. In
1808 she trotted twenty eight miles in 1
lour and 47 minutes, and has often done
nany other great performances against time.
Bellfounder at 6 years old, trotted two
niles in less than six minutes, and the foL
owing year was matched for 200 guineas
:o trot nine miles in thirty minutes, which
fie won easily by 22 seconds. His owner
shortly afterwards challenged to perform
with him seventeen miles and a half in ooe
hour, but it was not accepted.
Old Bellfounder was a true descendant
from tho original blood of the Firnoays,
which breed of horses stand unrivalled in
England either for gig or saddle.
With these materials I have attempted to
breed a horse to order, to combine as much
as possible, bottom, speed, health constitution,
vigour and good temper?legs showing
bone and muscle of the blood horse J chest
and body, round, full and compact; shoulders
well laid~in; back short with good couplings
; neck rising prompt from the shouL
Jers, and a good length, with light head,
well placed ; all of which are most adrnira.
bty combined and well developed in my
Bellfounier Morgan.
Bellfounder Morgan is fifteen hands and
one inch high, well grown, a beautiful dap.
will be to take them neither from the immedi
ate neighborhood of any house, manure-heaj
or farm-yard, nor from any old exhausted held
They may be collected from a ploughed field
about two inches below the surface, on a drj
day, and put up in a tin box or bucket con
tianing about a quart.
Each box or bucket having the precise la
cality from which the specimen was taker
carefully marked on the outside
If a chemical analysis can be procured o
the specimens produced, I feel persuader
that the result will afford to enquiring farmtri
many valuable hints relating to the tillage an<
general treatment of the soil.
I am very respectfully.
From the Norfolk Beacon.
antidote fob bed buos.
Messrs. Editors?I learn from a medica
gentleman in this place, that the expressei
Juice of the green Tomato Vine is an effectu
al antidote to the pestiferous animal which i
will persist in calling a Chinch in spite of th<
laughs and jeers of our Yankee brethren. Th<
juice of the vine can be introduced into thi
crevices of the bedstead by a feather. Tb<
experiment has been fairly tested, and seem
a cleaner wiy of levying war against thes^
noraest nas muuucu wc hi 4uuui? iw? w?
ibis subject. ' ' ^ ' '***
V It unygentleman, or a number of gen
ticmen, of your acquaintance! should fee
disposed to purchase the Bellfounder Mor
Ran, to be used at tho proper season> as ?
Stallion, they could not render a greater pub
lie good for improving the breed of horses
for roadsters. Besides, I think he migh
ears all I ask for him, in one season, wit!
you. Yours, very truly, Samuel Jaqoes. "
From the N. England Farmer.
Red Oak Skingles,
Mr. Editor?I think it a duty of ever]
one to make known to the public all expe
riments that are likely to be useful to tin
community.
In 1630,1 built me a house, and covcrec
the roof with shingles made of what w<
call red oak. The shingles I split an]
shaved, myself*, they are quite as easild
made of oak as chesnut; they split mort
freely and shave as easily. The shinglei
have been on the roof nine years, and fronr
present appearance they will last longei
than a coat of the best of pine shingles.?
They are as free from warping and twist
ing as pine ; the wood is much harder am
does not wear so fast, Good pine shingh
timber is scarce in this part of the country
and there is in many places, large quanti
ties of oak; therefore, from nine yean
experience, I think 1 can safely recommeni
it to til? public.
Any person having a desire to see the
proof of the experiment, will please call a
my house and examine for themselves
ia the north east part of Sturbridge.
Gardiner W atkins.
8? Carolina Agricultural Convention
To the Editor of the Choraw Gazette.
Dear sir,?There seems to be much inter
t&?itteu, TWS|W oczgeive, by the Plan
ters and Farmers of the interior, fc? ? M
tide water, in the proposed Agricultural Con
veation "to be held in Columbia on Wednes
day of the first week in the session of th<
Legislature"?The fact that there is <*a differ
ent mode of planting in the low country, fron
that of the up country," will not be regarde<
as an obstacle by any citizen who has at hear
the promotion of science, and a foil develope
ment of the resources of the State.?Suppsa
mmmmrimg of tS* Convootion
held in Charleston on the first Wednesday o
March!
* ' - - - a .?
Doubts nave been entertained wnemer um
convention should consist only of Delegatei
from the Societies now in existence, or o
Delegates from every community in the Stau
feeling interested in the subject It hai
already been proposed by your Society at Che
raw (and, I doubt not, the liberal and fair pro.
position will be concurred in on all hands) thai
the people of every District who are disposet
to unite in advancing the science and improv.
ingthe practice of our agriculture, shall elect
Delegates to attend the convention, with instructions
to assist in maturing some feasibk
and proper plan for effecting the objects already
indicated.
I now allude to the proposal with the view
simply, to suggest that each Delegation coax
prepared fo furnish a specimen of the soil per
vading their respective Districts of the rivei
swamps' (where this is cultivated generally) ai
well as the upland.
The convention may invite Professor Ellet
or Dr. Gibbes to analise the same at bit
leisure, and report on their constituent proper
ties to an Annual Convention succeeding ii
1840.
In collecting the specimens, the only can
g midnight disturbers of the public peace, than
>t the smearing of the bedstead with lard as
a recommended in an extract published in the
Beacon. As this remedy has been satisfacto.
rily tested, it would be well to ptabiish the
| feet pro bono publico, which, being translated
^ means for the bones of the public which are
e made quite sore under the attacks of the bed
* bug. OLD FIELDS.
- CHKii A.W GAZETTE.
* FRIDAY EVENING. AUGUST 30, 1?39.
State or the River?Ten inches above lowI
water mark, and fa'Iing slowly.
e
The attention of delegates to the Agricul.
tural Convention is invited to the Communi.
3 cation on the second page.
* The Editor wishes to procure 30 bushels of
3 good Seed Rye, to be delivered within two
weeks either at this place or on board a boat
j any where on the Pee Dee. Any person hav-x
? ing it to spare will confer a favor by Jetting him
i know it.
The first bale of new cotton was brought to
* this market on Wednesday last from the planta.tion
of Col. K. C. Dubose, and brought 13 rtk.
___________U
r Our esteemed friend of tho Terapci-ance AcTvo.'
i cate is informed that bis not receiving our paper ,
i was owing altogether to an oversight in the of.
~ fcsjT efwbiofc'wv had no suapicHjfeV Itfe J!
* greatly regret being deprived of the privilege 1st ,
1 an exchange with him.
t The Columbia Telescope gives the number of '
, Administration members of Congress already
j elected at 113; and the number of Whijp at \
t 117. - The Raleigh Register computes them at1. |
, 111 and 119. The elections are yet te be held 1
in three States, Rhode Island, Maryland and 1
Mississippi. The members from these states in (
the last Congress Btood 9 Whigs and 3 Admin. !
istration.
Mr. A. Crews ef Rolesville, N. C. has sent !
the editor of the Raleigh Standard a sample of <
silk spun by a native worm of large size which i
was fed on the leaves of the black jack. Mr.
Crews has preserved the eggs of the meth, and 1
intends to try what can be done with them next '
jw- ;
Eight Hundrod Moms Multicanlis Trees, from
buds planted last spring, were bought in this
town the present week, by a neighboring planter
to set them out for the purpose of feeding worms 1
and making silk. The price paid WaB ono do!,
lar per tree.
The article from the " Cultivator," signed
James M. Garnett, on the application of manures,
we copy as we find it, notwithstanding ife ver.
bosity and great length; because the subjoct is ,
important, and the opinion advanced is alleged
to be supported by repeated experiments. The
reader can judge of it for himself, and repeat
* ? ? * ? ttTAs!K
IlOO csperuueiuB, n ua duuuiu wew ui?u< ?? v>
repeating,
Ills a very general opinion that manaroe ought
to be plowed in as soon as spread. Mr. Gar*
nett thinks his experiments prove the reverse. ,
Much if not all the fertilizing matter of both ,
' animal and vegetable manures is certainly
' soluble in waterj and is actually dissolved by I
' ala tv ??cr ianyniMgh >npn<?A to it f
?or at least, if not chemically dissolved, it becomes
intimately mixed with the water, and
remains suspended in it for some lime. And*
although muoh of the water in which it is thus
1 mixed sinks into the earth, much of it is also
evaporated by the winds and by the heat of the
1 sun. The prevelant opinion is that the water
evaporated carries with it the portion of the
manure dissolved or mixed in it. ,But we know
J there are substances which may be dUsdTvsd 1
in water that do not rise with it in evaporation
?table salt* and other neutral salts, for instance.
There are also vegetable substances
, some of which are used as medicine* that are
procured by first boiling or infusing the vege
tables which furnish them, in water, and then
slowly evaporating the water, which leaves
them behind. Now may it not be possible that '
' the fertilizing matter of both animal and vege.
table manures wh ch is soluble in water is left
behind in evaporation 1 If so the soil would
" be more speedily enriched by ihem without
plowing them in, than after that operation;
because their soluble parts, in which alone
perhaps their fertilizing properties reside are
sooner dissolved and incorporated with the
earth. This however can be true of vegetable
' manure only when it is well rotted. When not
5 rotted it ought certainly to be buried to hast- 1
en its decay and solution.
r We do not wish to be understood as plead1
ing for he practice of leaving any kind of manure
uncovered; but only as attempting to
shew that tbe practice may possibly not be
1 nnifp a a irrational as is commonlv SUDDOSed .*
t""" "" cf f
and that the subject may be worthy of father
1 investigation and experiments. Experiments
alone, in such matters, can set men's theories
} right, or prove them to be right when they are 1
so.
)
We believe that all the Morus Multicaulis trees
for sale in the Pee Doe country, except s few '
f hundred, are now advertised in our columns.
the mulberry market.
We take the following paragraph from an
. article on this subject in Morris's Silk Farmer
i of Philadelphia.
A Heavy Business.?Enormous conf
tracts have been made m Virginia, within :
. two weeks past, for the delivery of multicaulis
trees in the fall of 1840. Wo have tho
1 most positive information, names, places,
i amounts, &c.; and we now announce that
these contracts amount to the enormous
quantity of one million eight hundred thousand
trees, and that contracts of the same kind are
now making, and will no doubt be concluded, <
which will swell the amount to three midiona
We do not entertain a solitary doubt of the '
1 fact. The immediate t ffect of these contrac
1 has been to withdraw fiom the market this
- year nearly 500,000 trees, which can no* lonI
ger be offered for sale. These contracts have
5 been made in various parts of Virginia, pcine
cipally in the county of Brunswick and the
s neighborhood of Norfolk. They have been
s made firom 11 1-2 cents per tree dpwn as low
b as the buyer could induce the grower to go.?
9 In consequence of these contracts, we have
1. . . =?
this week been applied to by a gentleman from
Virginia to supply him with trees to take Sooth,
but he has purchased elsewhere, in this market.
The same paper furnishes an account of a
large number of recent sales for planting neat
season in different parts of the country, at
various prices; some of which we quote, all the
other sales being within the extremes of those
quoted. ,
The following sales of Multicaulis trees have
been communicated to us from authentic sour*.
cess:
A sale of4,000 trees was made at Belvidere,
N. J. within about a week, at 12 1 2 cent* .
per foot, tbe root to be measured as part oithe
tree, payable on delivery. At York, Pa* last '.
week, an acre and a quarter in trees sold hi
$8,000?terms net mentioned. At Cokmtnhk
Pa* Delano has made sales at 15 cents, per
foot. At Hilteboro' Md. sales bare been pade
at 25 to 50 cents, and at $1 50 for trees from
the root. They are in few hands at Hillsboro,*
and holders refuse less than 50 cents. Mr.
Edward H. Stabler, of Baltimore, last week
sold 20,000 trees at 90 cents, and 4,000 at 50
cents,'the latter lot to be taken as they grow,
rejecting all trees under three feet high. Mr. *
Joseph Tallman, of this city, in Market street,
near Second, so.d last week all his trees now
growing on his farm in Lower Dublin, on the
Bristol turnpike, in this county, ten miles from
the city, supposed to be about 35,0ftV at 29
cents each, rejecting all under one foot ; $9,000
equal tu c <ch was paid oo wgning the
contract, the balance on delivery. This is the
lowest1 pi lee we know to hay# been accepted. .
These trees cost Mr. Tallman $876, showing
a clear profit for cultivation of more than
17.000; he cot his trees into single bods.?
Dr. Clark of Richmond, Virginia; within two
weeks, has sold all his trees, large and small,
is they stand on tbe ground, at 80 cents each ;
the sale amounted to a fraction less tnaa
116,000. The whole lot was purchased for
the West, ahd will go there; 98,000 was paid
mi closing the contract, and the balance OQ
delivery. At Petersburg* Va., last week
100,000 buds were sold in one lot, at I cent
per bud, and a second lot of 160,000 at the
same price, with the addition of the roots
lhr? wn in without charge; the seller receives
9100 additional tor cultivating them Until thfe
Lime of delivery. Three miles from Richmond,
Va., two weeks ago* Mr. tsham Puckett sold
about 2,000 trees, as they stood on the ground,
large and small, at *fl each; these wore roots,
the whole root; with all its sprouts, going at
the above price. '
At Lawrencevillo; Brunswick eountv, Virginia.
large sales of bttds have bsen made at one
cent, say in lots of 150,000. . w>
At Bordentown, N. J. on Monday last, Mr.
Wm. U ilion sold 2,500 trees at 50 oeuts each, to
Mr. Jacob Janney, of Bucks county, Pennsylvania.
9800 were paid down, half of the re.
maining balance cash In 30 days from sale, end
tbo remaining half eo delivery of the treses?
The sale embraced all the trees as they stand,
without any exception.
The Northampton (Massachusetts) Gasette /
says t "A gentleman in Whateley, who purchased
last spring 9350 worth of mulberries, has
just sold the crop growing therefrom, to be
delivered next' autumn, for 91*800, being ah
increase upon the outlay of 91*450, The tree*
are of assorted ki ds.w
The most of these trees* if not all, were bought
on speculation. We leafn, through a gentlemap *
from Mecklenburg county Va. that sake in small
parcols, such so. are bought for planting, were; generally
made in that county at 8 cents pot
bod and some at'higher prices." . ,. \\
The tea dot may be disposed to ask whg
to great difference in the prices at which
different lots of' trees are seM? One reason
rosy be that sellers -were ignorant of this
market value of the trees, and being effered o,-1
price which paid them good profit on the money,
and labor expended, they took K, fearing they
might not do so well again. Persona who-buy to
sell again are, of coarse, careful to ascertain the
market value before they bay. Bat different lots
of trees do actually differ very greatly in their
value for planting. Many entire lota, considerart
good t?x>*c too, yield less than an. average of
39 good cuttings; whereas others yWd hundreds,
in this climnte at least. And is the valoe, for pleating
is proportionate to the number of bods
c -^.nature stalks of good sue, lots differing so
much in thir respect,[ought to sell at different
prices. When trees am planted in a nursery so
close that 20.000, or dven 10,000 stand oh an
acre, and that in poor land, as is oftarthe caset
they attain bat little height; and if they hiva '
side branches, ttuse are so small that if divided ^ .
into one bod cuttings many ofjbem must, in the
beet seasons, fail to grow, and those which do
grow, if they are not killed by the early sommer's
sun, mako small and feeble trees. Besides
trees which stand so close da' not mature their
wood as well as those which have mors room.?
Every person of the least observation Who has
had anv exDerience in raisine the Jhaulticaolis*
if*. .-. . - , . . . .. , #
knows that Targe cuttings, other things being
equal, are not only much more suie to grow in
unfavorable seasons than smaller ones ; but, also
that in all seasons, they make larger and mora
vigorous trees the first season, and of coarse
furnish more and and better cuttings for the
next years planting./ Therefore it is that cut.
tings from - trees of southern rearing succeed
better, tnd are in every respect more valuable
than those from trees reared at the north.
CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION IN A LAI A MA.?The
following are the members elect.
(Adm.) (Whig.) ; ..
R. H. Chapman, . Geo. W. Crabby r*" - v l* <
Davie- Hubbard, James Dillet, '
PiionU. Lewis,
Extract from ale ter brought by the Liverpool
from England. y
THE HON. MR. WEBSTER.
I perceive by the London papers, which I
have just seen that Mr. Webster has declined
being a candidate for the Presidency.^ I havrf
not seen his letter, and know not hi? reason
for so do.ng. I suppose you have seen that
many attentions have been paid to this gentle,
man while in London. On Thursday last,
while on my way from Sh? ffiekl to Leeds, no
English genileman told me that, be heard Mr.
Webster address the great agricultural meet- ing
at Oxford; that it was a performance
which would have honored any master spirit
of the age, either in this or any ot^er country;
that he never heard a speech produce greater
applause. For this dinner upward of two
thousand tickets were sold; such were the desire
to be present that a large premium was
offered for tickets after the sale was sopped.
I have not seen the speech?you wifl find it
in the London papers. It was published in an
extra from the Oxford fJerald office. The
Hon. Blr. Ingham of Pennsylvania, and
Mr. Harris, of New-Jersey, were present. I
was kirdly invited, but had accepted aninvjtioo
from another quarter.
t