Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, August 23, 1839, Image 1
CM ! ;RAW. GAZETTE
AND ' PEE
DEE FARMER.
VOLUME IV. CHERAW, SOUTH-CAROLINA, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23, 1839. NUMBER XIX
- ?* V _ , 4- ; ' *
?TT-,-!
SEt. 9EA
Editor and proprietor.
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nicattons.
From the Southora Agriculturist,
Africaltaral Convention.
Mr. Editor,?In jho May number of
your periodical, there is a brief editorial,
whernio you observe thatyou are requested
** by several Agricultural Societies, to in.
vite the planters of the several Parishes (and
Districts too I suppose) of this State, and
of ourdifferent Agr cultural Societies, to appoint
delegates to meet in Convention, at
Columbia, during the first week of the sea.
sion of our Legislature, to take iato consideration
tne agricultural condition of our
State, and to present to lite Legislature
such a memorial us will bring prominently
to their view the necessity of enacting cer
tain laws for the advancement of the same
and one of your correspondents, * A Reader/
has entered warmly into anadvoc ?cy
of the measure. We all agree, no doubt,
as to the objects contemplated, and I pre8ume
th^re is little or no difference as to
the means necessary in accomplishing the
end , bat ifby discussion any information
can be elicited which would facilitate the operations
of the Convention, it should not bo
withheld. Under this impression, and with
the hope of drawing out some writer better
fitted to the task, I forward you this communication.
Some ten or twelve years since, the Agricultural
Society ofSouth-Carolina was organized,
and like the Mammoth Society * for
the advancement of learning," was to have
worked miracles; but to unliken this and
many other bantlings, before it acquired
that age which would enable it to leave the
cradle it was des;ined to aleep * the sleep
of death."
The second step in the State, I have
heard oQ to procure legislation, in aid of ugri.
culture, was the petition of the Monticello
Planters' Society in 1S37. suggesting the
benefits that would result from an agricultural
survey of the State; from the iutroAfVMMiiUnsal
rfllirvrvl KAAI?S 111t/\ (Ko
UUVUVU VI u?l IVUII u i ol bviiuui uvvna iuiv ?..v
common schools of the country ; from the
establishment of an agricultural professorship
in the South-Carolina College ; and
from agricultural societies an 1 libraries.
That petition embodied arguments shewing
in detail the advantages that would follow
the adoption of all or any of these plans,
and sustained itself in the contrast it held
up of the more laudable action of other
States of the confederacy in connexion with
this subject, designed as the document, was,
throughout and altogether, to meet in ad.
vance the extraordinary question so often
propounded by legislators?what can be
done ?
The fate of that memorial is recorded in
the Southern Agriculturist, vol. xi., No. 5.
Its destiny was quite as remarkable, if not
more so ihan the next move on the chess,
board. Io 1638, the B?aufort Agricultural
Society, the Monticello Planters' Society,
and sundry citizens of Morion District, pre.
tented their several petitions ; and unless
I greatly err, on motion to that effect, they
were all laid on the table a? undeserving
the consideration of the high public functionaries,
the political magnates who crowd
our representative chamber. The Chief
Magistrate, however, in his message of
November 37th, 1838, it appears, had re.
commended a geologi :al survey of the Slate,
tad suddenly members resolve that h is on
affair of great moment. When the year
before an agricultural survey was prayed
for by the planters, which, besides embracing
the agricultural statistics of the commonwealth
also included an examination
into iis geological and mineraiogical resources,
the representatives then acted as if to dis.
cuss such a petition was an unnecessary
cousumption of time ; but when, in 1838,
the Executive suggests the propriety of a
mere geological survey,a a change comes
o'er the spirit of their dreams," and the
thing must not be overlooked. Accordingly
the Committee on Agriculture, to whom
this portion of the message was assign^,
nfter some deliberation, submitted a favorable
report, and I now take the occasion to
say that the resolutions appended to their
Report were in every way worthy the Chair,
man, whose zeal in the cause of agriculture
is equalled by many, hut surpassed by few.
The Report and Resolutions of this Commit*
tee were not pressed, for obvious reasons,
though as I understand are to be called up
id December for such action as repr sen*
tatives may deem advisable. Now, from
this exhibit of facts, it certainly shows ex. I
ceeding great perseverance on the part of
the Monticello Planters' Society, that in
March last they should have passed a reso- <
hitioo, to be found in your Journal, vol. xi., I
No. 4, whereby a Committee is constituted
** to present again in Dncembcr the mem* |
orial presented at the last session of the
Legislature; and to furnish very elaborately,
not only the mode by which the object
is to be accomplished, but also, a full detail
of all the advances that might a crue therefrom
io the community at large." Though
you pile your memorials mountain-high, to
judge of the fjture by the past, can we anticipate
any good from their presentation ?
By this rule, I apprehend not. It is true,
this is, the most ostensible way through
which planters are to be heard ; but to carry
out the objects of the Convention, something
more must be done. The Delegates must
meet the Committee on Agriculture in the*
Committee room, and if required, be prepared
to furnish that Committee with a
rough draft, or the outlines, of a bill to be introduced
into the Legislative hall, presenting
at large, the specific wants of the agrL
cultural community; they must be able to
give legislators correct information as to the
|WM wu |ava?u? wuuiiivu v? w? ??, .
and finally so arrange, that through yeas
and nays, we shall have it completely in our
power to commend or correct.
There exists unhappily throughout this
State a scarcity of agricultural records, agri.
cultural references, and agricultural iufor.
mation ; and I am assured this was one of
the obstacles which defeated suitable action
last winter on the merits of the geological
survey. If copies of the agricultural sur.
vey of Massachusetts, as made by the Rev.
Mr. Coleman, had been circulated in this
State, I have little doubt they would have
been of more service to our agriculture than
all tlie memorials relating to husbandry that
have over been submitted to our Legislative
council. With due deference to you, Til go
a little farther, and affirm that it is not yet
too late for you to republish so valuable a
pamphlet, together with the bill itself, whichauthorized
the survey. The planters as
well as their delegates wanted to be put in
possession of this sort of information ; they
want facts like those to be discovered in this
volume of the Southern Agriculturist No.
5, p 263, and it is desirable sm h selections
will hereafter be more frequent.
Public attention is awakening to the great
and paramount interests of agriculture, and
our planters generally are beginning to discover
that book-planting and folly are not
synonymous terms. Many of o ur most valuabie
citizens have been driven by State
policy to seek their bread in the more fertile
regions of the West; and the State,.
?l:_u Umt.;nAl, kouon?i;oniwl<jur?h I
WHICH iii'gm iwug aiubi- v|n?>vl?w???
a disastrous condition of affairs, lias suffered
her energies and resources to remain dormant.
How long shall we submit to a policy
sodestructive and ruinous ? Vabbo.
On the Bearing and Feeding of Cattle.
In our island, where the domestic ani.
mals enter so largely into the article of hu.
man food, a great part of the farmer's atteotion
must be devoted to-the rearing of
them to the degree of perfection their ultimate
use requires; for every labor bestowed
on any kind of cultivation and every article
the farmer produces by the application of
that labor tends to the same result?the pro.
ductioa of food for man and beaat. Dofore
the introduction of green crops, a very im
perfect system of rearing prevailed, from
want of succulent food for winter; grassfed
animals could only be brought to market,
and if kept through winter they lost during
that time the degree of condition they had ,
acquired during the summer, for hay and
straw if used in profusion will not rear or
feed the animal? quickly and profitably.?
The cultivation of green crops has con^.
pletely altered the whole system, and has in.
troduced an entire revolution, both in the
cultivation of the land, and in the manage,
ment of the domestic animals, abetter and
more regular supply of food has been ob?
taineJ, and a vast adJition to the number
and quality of every article produced on the
farm. An improvement in the supply of
food carried along with it corresponding
improvements in the animals themselves,
and oo no point of rural economy has more
skill and exertion been shown, or more per*
severing industry exercised, than we have
witnessed by many breeders in this kingdom,
in improving the qualities of the animals,
by intermixing and engrafting the
properties of tne one on the other, so as to
develope and bring forth those qualities for
the use of man. Our breeds of cattle are
numerous, but the various crosses and remnants
of old breeds need nut be enumerated,
and they may be reduced to the few breeds
that are now roost approved, and from which
we may choose for any situation in the
kingdom. For all rich soils and favored
situations, the Durham breed or short horns
are preferred, and the long horns are still
kept by many excellent cultivators. The
Hereford* and short horns seem nearly bat.
anoed in merits, if we mav judge from the
prizes awarded them. For inferior lands
we have the Devon breed, not surpassed
by any cattle in the kingdom, and besides
i we have multitudes of nondescript animals,
that do not fall under any class, but which
are yet much used in all parts of the kingdom.
In Scotland, where great numbers
I of cattle are reared and exported, the native
breeds are three?the Ayrs ire, which are
evidently allied to the Yorkshire breed?
the Galloways, or polled blacks, and the
West Highland breed of horned black, shaggy-haired
animals, which are found, with j
some little variation, all over the Wes
tern and Northern Highlands of Scot. ]
land. Great numbers of these animals
are fed in England ; and an opin- j
ion is entertained, and my own experience'
goes far in support of it, that these mountain
cattle pay more money per head and
per acre, than any of our fine breeds, after |
*
all the improvements that have been made.
The cost of production is small, and the beef
commands a higher price in the market. In
bringing cattle forward to the state when
they are disposed of to the consumer, farmers
have adopted two methods; some prefer
to breed and feed on the farm, a num.
b<T that they can support, and others to buy
yearly a number they can afford to feed.?
The preference given to either of the two
methods would seem to be, or should be,
determined by locality and other circumstances,
yet caprice and fancy would seem
to do much, for it is hard to conceive how
two farms adjoining each other should be
suitable to different modes, except in the
bare opinion of the farmer, or how two
breeds of animals can be most profir&Me hi
similar cases, except in opinion only. In
many situations the difference to be observed
between breeding and forfingt WW i
marked, and it is very fortunate that the diversity
of opinion prevails in other places
for it affords a ready market for our mountain
breeds, which, if the case was otherwise,
might not bo so profitable. In
choosing a native breed the farmer will be
guided by the quality of the soil, the food
1? ???' ?>1 !?.. aiUa. r* i p/tiira at on.
He can prouuurt uiu uy vineces,
and much will depend on his own
fancy ; but if he prefer to buy in rather than
breed, it will be found that the Scotch poll,
ed and West Highland breed will pay more
money than any otlter. A very general
mistake is committed in not allowing them
sufficient time on the land, in order to feed
?not less than eighteen months should be
allowed, or twelve in cases where tbey have
been bought in good condition. Green
crops being now known to us, which ifduly
cultivated will afford succulent food during
winter, it is understood that no farmer neg.
lects providing a sufficient quantity if he
wishes o rear and feed profi ably, not only
with regard to the profits of the animal itself,
but to the manure ra sed for the future benefit
of the farm. But notwithstanding the
long acknowledged profits of these crops,
and also of improved breeds of stock, we
find great neglect prevail on both points;
for if we look into Sinithfieid, or any other
market, we find the improved animals bear
a small proportion to t!?e others; formers
yet pere'St in breeding very unthrifty ani.
ma Is, and for want of green crops they are
bred and starved upon a system. In many
cases, however, we find both breeding and
feeding carried on systematically and profitably,
with due attention to the profits expec.
ted from the animal itself, 'rom the attention
and food bestowed, and also to the fu
ture benefits expected from th?
Cow. sheds sftotitd be provided with calf
pen* adjoining, under the same roof, where
the calves are confined in separate apart,
ments for one animal, and floored with
boards, pierced with augur holos that they
may lay dry and comfortable. Prom these
apartments they are brought twice or thrice
a day to be suckled, by a halter, and tied
when sucking, to a rope extending along the
cow-shed. Sucking is always to be preferred
to nursing by the pail; when milk is exposed
much of the valuo is to*', the gaseous *
fluids go off* by evaporation, and the appearance
of the calves nursed by the two
methods is a sufficient decision. Suckling
is attended with less trouble, and an experienced
cowman will soon be able to
judge of the proper quantity to be allowed
them. Prom January to June is the proper
time for weaning-?early calves maintaining
a decided superiority, unless greater encouragement
be afterwards afforded to tho
later ones. In situations where fattening
for veal is found profitable, both weaning
and fattening go on together; and even
where cheese and butter are manufactured,
all the three may be easily managed, by al
lotting a number of cows for suckling and a
number to be milked for the dairy. Calves
fed for veal must not bo restricted in the
quantity of milk ; for weaning, they must
be allowed such a quantity as will keep
them always in a sleek and thriving condi*
tion, without feeding them, for any fat produced
at that time would be lost. An ordinary
cow would feed four calves for veal,
or make veal of two, and wean three, much
depending on the milky nature of the cow,
and on the quality of the pasture. The various
substitutes for milk that have been
puffed abroad among farmers have all
proved an utter fallacy, only supplying the
farmer with a few pounds of butter and
cheese at the expense of the animal. They
never fail in producing a Urge belly and
offal, and infallible mark degeneracy and
bad keep, in any animal, and in no case
have we been yet able to improve upon
what nature hat provided t e mother with
in nursing her offspring. During that time
the mother should form the chief object of
our aiiennou.
In the month of May* when the weather
has become warm, and the young grass
has sprung, the earliest calves will be turn*
ed out into a grass paddock of fine pasture,
provided with water and shelter, and con**
venient to the homestead, and where they
can be suckled twice a day. The cows'
pasture should be adjacent if possible, and
also well provided with water and shelter,
and laid down or improved for the purpose.
The paddock for the calves may consist of
one or two acres, and an orchard suits very
well, the fruit trees affording shelter from
the heat and amusement in rubbing. A
shelter shed is indispensable, with a dry,
well littered bottom, and may be so contrived,
as to suit for lambing the ewes in
the spring, which business will be conclu*
ded before the calves are turned out. The
ewes lying all night in the paddock, will bestow
a good top dreasing, which must be
attended to by rolling. At the age of 16
weeks the calves wiil be ready to go to the
pasture field, the quantity of milk having
been gradually reduced as the calves learn.
red to eat the grass. As they are removed
fronfthe paddock the next oldest ones are
turned out from the calf-pecs, and when the
weaning season is near a dose, as many of
the latest calves as the paddock can main,
tajn m?y remain in it for the season, to be
nebratban i for receiving some better en.
couragement to raise them to an equality
with the oldest. Nothing more disfigures
a herd of cattle than to see them of different
sacs sod qualities^ and colors, and in many
cases of different breeds, shewing a great
WUt of skill in the breeding, and of care
anaattentioo in the nursing and rearing.-?
After the weaning season is over, the milk
for the remainder of tile season may be apptwdhosenhlieo
fnr eesl. .orlmmaking but ,
ter and cheese, as situation may direct. In
places where these articles are the staple
produce, the weaning ot calves will be on a
small scale; but on these farms some are
weaned, to which the above observations
will equally apply.
When the calves are removed from the
home paddock, the best pasture on the farm
will he given them, well water- d and shd.
tered if possible; in many cases the lattermath
of a hav croD answers well. When
~ y * 9
fields lie 10 permanent grass, a shed with a
view to permanency may be erected in each
field at a very trifling coat, and may be ao
contrived aa to suit both cattle and sheep.
Where the alternate system of farming prevails,
a corner where the plough does not
strike may be got, and a very useful shelter
erected. Cattle of an age should pasture
together, and the smaller the lots the better.
By the end of October, the approach of
cold weather will render necessary Ike removal
of the cattle to the home yard. Cvery
farm is, or ought to be provided with a
number of yards suited to its size and to the
quality of the soil, the bottoms level with that
of ;be shelter-ahed raised above that of the
yard, to throw the moisture outwards, that
the cattle "'ay lie dry; cribs for holding the
roots given to the cattle are ranged along
thesub-division walls, and sometimes placed
in the shelter-shed under cover; the most
approved are of a square shape, with a latticed
bottom which allows all moi*ture to
escape. Buildings of stone and lime have
been erected along the walls, but they hold
water and sludge very much; wood is clean*
er, and where used the bottom planks should
be perforated with ho'es to discharge 'lie
water. Troughs of stone, of wood, or of
osm Iran era placed across the provisionwalls,
so as to supply two yards; and the
water is conveyed in pipes from a pump, or
supplied by ball cocks and pipes from a
cistern placed aiofi for that purpose, in some
house of the farmer}*, and to which the water
is raised by a forcing valve in the yard
pump. Turnips are now mostly given in a
cut state, and where straw is rank and
abundant, it may be cut to shorsr lengths,
which will render it more manageable and
ossier of reduction.
uievc a* properly furnished, the
cattle are put in lots of ages and sizes, vary,
ing in numb r from 3 to 7 when feeding ;
young cattle may be kept in greater numbers.
Most feeders now prefer the open
yard to housing, though on turnip farms, a
feeding house is very necessary where a
few choice animals may be fattened, or a
few inferior ones may be brought more
quickly to perfection. Fresh straw should
be put frequently into tho racks, and cabbages
are a very proper article to begin the
feed ing of young stock for the first winter.
These and turnip tops are given once, or
a rtnir nn/t rnntinucd ihrnnoh
uciroi II ktrivv uu^i ? ? p
the winter?if they fa'!, potatoes and beets
ore given in moderate quantities, so as to
keep the young animals in a sleek and
thriving condition, without any tendency to
gorge them, or induce them to nauseate
i heir food. They should always show a
keen appetite, and seem able to eat more
than is given. The yards are frequently
littered, thinly at a time, so as to keep them
dry and comfortable, and also mix the manure
properly. The straw racks are shifted
often that the straw may not lie dry around
them, and the yards are such a size as
will admit of the cattle treading, dunging,
and watering on every part. A very common
error prevails on this point, the yards
are much too laige, the straw lies dry and
unmixed in many parts, and the good dung
lies huddled together in other places* Space
sufficient for the cattle to move about freely
for air and exercise is quite enough, due
regard being had to warmth in the shelter
>h?d. An pnnal mistake with too much
space lies in making the yards too small.
Id the month of May of each year the
pasture fields will be ready for stocking,
when the different sizes and ages will be
arranged by the bestjudgmeotof the farmer.
Id October of each year, the cattle will be
turned into the fold yards and fed with ample
allowances of roots and straw, and with
the yards kept dry and comfortable. As
the cattle increase in age, the fewer numbers
must be put together in one yard, and
during the th>rd and fourth winter they will
be fed off and sold. I have recommended
all calves to suck the cow for veal or for
weaning, and I now mention that tho treat,
ment of any animal during the first year of
i|s growth generally stamps its future distinction.
If it be stinted in the quantity or
in the quality of the food, future pampering
will not recover its lost growth, and if it be
well fed during the first year, and attain a
good size, indifferent treatment afterwards
will have much less effect. If a calf be well
, suckled, great attention is necessary during
the fifst winter that it receive such treat- a
ment as will carry it forward, and that it 1
docs not lose in that time what it gained u
the previous summer. This result often h
happens from want of winter food of roots, h
for though hay and straw be in profusion, g
they never can supply the place of green tt
crops.
Cattle when feeding must have a fuH sup- at
ply of food, but not to pall their appetites, a
which must always be keen and in full ac- ai
tion. The food previously given them should a
be clean eaten up or nearly so before any tc
more is supplied, and the cribs regularly h
cleaned out and every filth removed. The h
first feed of cut turnips, potatoes, or beets, U
is given by break of day, and the last so
long before duifcuoas sots in as will alloW- jo
time for the cattle to eat the whole during I
day light, as any accidents from hoving or
circling htve a better chance of being seen ?
and remedied. A dry bed is the abetter I *
shed and ia any part of the yard during dry &'
weather, is indispensible. *
Opinions differ aa to the most profitable a
age of feeding our best breeds of cattle. My
own experience agrees with the opinion expressed
by Earl Spencer, one of our high. al
est authorities, that the age of four years o
seems the mo*t advantageous, as the most ft
likely to secure the utmost weight of the E
animal, and to avoid unnecessary expend!- ft
ture in trying to obtain more bullc, and also
the loss by slaughtering at too early an age, ?
before the animal had reached maturity. I ?
have observed that a great part of our cattle h
are starved on system?they are grazed 0
and gain something in summer and lose it A
in winter* The miserable appearance of v
young stock both in the yard and in the ti
fields sufficiently support this opinion, and *
the case will not be mended till green crops d
are more extensively cultivated. We know A
plants adapted 1 may say to almost every e
soil, and it only remains to cultivate them, *
In order to produce a thoroughly well fed g
and ripe animal, it must be gradually fed t*
from the day of its birth, by good keeping ft
which will keep the body in a thriv ng coo- k
ditioo and full of juices, and also produce q
that mixture of fat and lean so necessary to ft
constitute beef of good quality. Hence E
arises the well furnished animal in the hands b
of the butcher, and from tiie starving sys- 0
tern is owing the bad quality of much of our l'
animal food, for unless the animal be well
fattened and regularly, the lean is dry and J
wholly wanting in juiees which can only be ?
imparted by_a ripe state.. The one.half at
(east of our cattle in market are not fat. *
they are starved in early yean, and then 0
for a short time tbey are tied to a stake and h
gorged with food to produce an appearance
quickly, and sold off to save expence, and *
hence arises the badly furnishing animal in jj
the hands of the butcher. An animal al- '
ways in good condition is fattening grad- P
uully and profitably, tho dung ia of more j3
value, and when the age of fattening off arrives,
a small application of more food con. c
eludes tho process. A greater number }
of cattle is often kept on a farm than it can
maintain profitably?an erroneous policy t
but very common. 1
I hare observed that where a farmer *
chooses partly or wholly to follow the buy- 1
iog system in place of breeding, it will be '
found that our small mountain breeds will 1
nay more money than any other. In most (
cases too short a time is allowed them to
feed, for the natural propensity to fatten has
not been in them any way improved by
breeding or keeping, and in that respect
' they differ from our new breeds. They are
mos ly fed very poorly in their youth, ond
when transported to rich pastures, fat cannot
be laid instantly, but in course of time
if in fair condition, a year will be sufficient,
but if bought in a lean state from droves,
they should be on the ground for 18 months,
fed the first winter on half the full allowance
of green food, well grazed the following
summer, and fed off the ensuing winter.?
This is gradual feeding and indispensible if
we wish for good beef. The age should be
four or rather five years when slaughtered.
Oil cake, bean, and barley meal, oats,
and other articles beve been used in the
feeding of cattle, but experience baa long
since proved that if the farmer will only try
to raise potatoes, beet, cabbages, and turnips
in quantity, he need no substitute, except
in case of a failure of the above crops.?
Straw alone is required for litter, and for
tho cattle to eat a little when inclined.?
British Farmer's Magazine for JuJy.
From tho Journal of the American Silk Society.
Cacoonerles In the United States*
We hava been repeatedly called on for
information as to what is realty doing in the i
silk business in tho United States. The foling
statemeat will probably be satisfactory
to the public, and may possible serve to
quiet the nervous excitement of certain per
sons sod presses, in relation to the "moras
multicaulis speculation." We only regret we
could not obtain a complete list. We sincerely
believe there are five times as many
cocooneries in the country as we have enumerated;
but even the present list will
serve to shew, that the moras multicaulis
trade is no ' humbug/and that the silk business
is an object worthy of national regard,
rather than a fit subject for sneers and jests.
The cocoonery and silk factory of the
' society at Economy, Beaver county, Penn.
under the management of Mr. Rapp, is entitled
to the credit of being first on the list
It is a'pioneer establishment. In 1933, they
i had progressed so far as u> manufacture
i silk vesting of beautiful and excellent quali
ity, silk * handerchiefs, and various other
1 kinds of goods. The writer of this was
; honoured with the presentation of a vest
'I "
nd haokerchief of their tttttnufectore, hi
832. At the present time they are man*
fncturing all kinds of sdk goods, and wo
ave now before m eight speeitr ena ofsatloa
ittiingt figured vetting, of three patterns,
rot de daps. &c die. all from cocoons of
leir own raiting.
Mr. Cobb't coccoonery,at Dedbatn, Mat.
ichuaetta, it probably oaxt to that at ficono*
ly in age and extent Mr. Whitmarsh's,
I Northamapton, and another, belonging to
company, at the tame place, are believed
> be the moat extensive in New Hftgiaod.
Ir. Timothy Smith baa a coconery at Am*
erst, Massachusetts, and hat madeoilk ex(naively
and profitably for five or tit yearr
There are several pretty exteoaive co. _
rv>ni?riwr ftt aH tW JBOS^MllOOd of
lartford, and in other parte of Connecticut,
Messrs. Prince, at Flushing. N. Y. have
rected an exteoaive eocoooery, aod were
wdiag, when wo last beard from them,
boot 1,000,000 of worms. There aril
sveral other astahliihmeots on Long Island,
t Pobghkeepsie, and other places in that
ate, from which we have no particulars.
The Messrs. Cheney, tod Mr. Gum mere
t Burlington, New Jersey, hey extensive
ocooneries, as also have Mr. Samuel Haw*
hurst, and Mr. Joseph White, of Mount
lolly* and Messrs. Jones & Yorke, of Sa?
im, in the same state.
In Pennsylvania, Mr. Physick's cocoon,
ry, at Germantown* is first on the lint m
stent. Mr. Maupay, at the Rising Sun*
as a cocoonery adapted to feed a million
f worms. Mr. Lloyd,and Messrs. Janney
f Leedom, in or near Philadelphia, ana
arioua other individuals and companies hi
le vicinity, have commenced raising
orms. * At Doyleston, Messrs. J. H An*
erson, S. Dubois, D. Byrnes, M Opp,
Ir. Butgess, and Cant. Donnalson, ore all
ngagt d in raising silk worms. At Lao*
aster, Messrs. R. & H. Carson have made
rest progress. They have not only an exnaive
cocoonery, but they reel and menu* *
icture their silk. We have seen some hand*
erchiefs made by them of very superior
uality, and have some sewing silk now be*
)re us, of unequalled beauty. The Rock
[ill cocoonenr, at the same place, owned
y Mr. S. C. Humes, it intended to aeeonidate
a million of worms; 100,000 were fed
>er? the pre?nt season. Neer Brisol
'eon. Mr. James Swain is erecting a co*
oonery,calculated to accommodate 1,000^
KM) of* worms.
There are several coccoooerias also at
leaver ctty, Heaver county, atwu
nerous others in the state, but ef which wo
lave no particulars.
In Delaware, there ta tt liHt company at
Yilmiogton, which has recently erected a
irge cocoonery, a few miles from the city,
rhcy fed from 4 to 500,000 worms the
iresent season, on the white and native motierry,
which have spun cocoons without feo
ms of any portion from disease* Another
ompany, in Wilmington, have fed 1504100
vorms the present season ; another, belongng
to Mr. Ziba Ferris, in the same places
isa been very successful this season* Docors
Gibbons, Samuel Woliaatoe, and aev
inn uuicii} iiuTDuwuuimico HIVI U??I
nington. Id Smyrna, Del. Mr. Benson
mui a cocoonery of considerable extent, and
various other individuals and oompaniss in
iifferent parts of the State.
Id Maryland, there are numerous silk
rcmpanies and private oocoooeriee in open
ition. On the eastern shore there are eight
>r ten incorporated companies, tug we hate
10 particulars as to the extent of thterop*
irations. Tbc oldest cocoonery in the state,
s probably that of Meeen. Jeoks and
lamsburgh, pof Frederick, who hate the
iresen: season, fed about half a million of
vorms, with success. In and near Baki*
nore we have the Mar> .and Silk Oempany,
with an extensive coco aery, and a factory
loose for working up tbecoeoone ;theoid
Central race course has been purchased by
lev. Luther J. CoX, whole erecting an offensive
cocoonery there, and has already
awed a large number of silk worms. Won
nerous individuals in Baftunoce hate ted
arge numbers of worms the praseui eeaaori,
imong whom we may mention, Mr.Ceoter,
proprietor of the silk agency, in Bakimom
ureet, Mr. French, of South street, Mr,
Walker, and others. The GentreviUe Silk
Company is one of the oldest hi the state,
hut we nave no particulars as to iteopamion4.
Besides individuals and rnmnnnina
Bogaged in the silk buaiaoss, we find this
branch of industry has been introduced into
the alas houses of eight ceunties of fee
itate, and authority given them by the leg
islature to raise aiaalT sums of money toad*
oomptish the object
In the District of Columbia there are a?r.
ertd cocooneries in progress, hut wo hoes
the particulars of only that of John Mason,
Jr. Esq. of Georgetown. He bae eroded a
large cocoonery, well adapted to acoomo*
date from three to five mfllione in the
course of the season. He also begm right,
having provided himself with a full supply
of mulberry leaves before he batched bit
worms. We anticipate a handsome lt|mt
from his establishment.
In Virginia they are going OS fcrleuly.
There are two or three large cocoooei ies
near Fredeticksburg. The Potomac Silk
and Agricultural Company has a large co.
coo nery, that will accommodate one or two
millions of worm* and seventeen acres of
mulberry orchard. Aadber belonging to
W. K. Smith ds Co, of* e<pial ante
m, and, ae we are iofonDsdriiveraloth.
era. Near Richmond, we have the oocoo*
oery ofCustis Carter, Esq. thft grftl accom?
odate two or three millions ef tyorma, m
tho course of the season j tod thai of Mr.