Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, August 16, 1839, Page 156, Image 2
iillk^Worm* Fed on Wet Leaves*
To ihe Editor of the Farmer's Register.
I !.ave noticed for some lime every thing
written on the subject of feeding and raising
silk-worms,that 1 could come ac<oss;and
1 believe the practice of feeding worms on
wet leaves has been universally condemned;
but n defiance of all the reasoning on the
subject, and the condemnation of wet food,
i have followed it, so far at least, with
great success. I have never raised a great
many worms it is true, but it may be supposed,
what would affect a large number
ought to affect a small number. I will give
you the manner in which nine were fed, and
you can exercise your own pleasure about
believing what I state, though if necessary
I can bring ample testimony to establish
ev< ry word I s>?y. I do not wish to be understood,
however, as recommending wet
food as the best for silk.worms ; but my opinion
is, that wet leaves, occasionally, when
" ' SJ-wl nn inmru fn ihpm
it cannot oeavuiucu, uuto l?v iujui j ?v ti.v... T
as, for instance* in the long season in May,
such as we had this year, my worms did
not suffer at all that I could observe, from
comparing them with others, where a good
deal of pains had been taken. 1 gathered
leaves for my worms every day 'till 1 would
have a sufficient quantity left to passover
one or two days; und as soon as they were
brought home, if in the morning they were
sprinkled with water and laid in the shade,
(for I have no cellar,) and if brought at ev.
ening they were put out on the g: ass in the
yard for the dew to fall on them to keep
them moist ; and with these wet leaves the
worms were fed four times a day, as much
as they would consume; and out of a lot
of 10,000 I am confident that 1 did not lose
more than fifty, save somo that got injured
by moving them about; for I had no fixtures j
at all for them except some boards. About i
5000 of these worms, however, had beet)
half raised before I got them : but when
they came tome they shared the same fare
with the others I had, of the same age, but
considerably larger, and spun something
earlier. Finding that the worms appeared
to eat more greedily the moist leaves, I
continued to moisten them and keep them
so, and 1 never saw worms grow taster, or
do better.
Last year f raised sixty worms only ;
and from a few days ?fter hatching, they
did not know what a dry leaf was, and t ey
did remarkably well. In fact, the leaves, 1
for th?s small parcel, for longer preservation,
were kept sunk in water, and merely shuken
well when about to be used. Of these
worms, only one was lost (being killed by
felling,) and the other 59spun good cocoons,
and furnished as many motns. Of these
12 only were females ; out of their product
I had this year between 3000 and 4000
worms. I did not pay as much attention
to them as I did to tho lot of 10000, in keep,
ing them as wel1 fed and cleaned ; and out
of this lot I lost about 100, ( hat died,) but 1
do not think more ; I do not attribute the
foes oriBTr 100 ru 'lie wet food, but try the
filthy state (let them get into ; they were not
ehanged from the old hurdles or cleaned
off for nearly three weeks. Had the same
pains been taken with the last as with the
first lot, it is my candid opinion not one
would have been lost from disease. The
cocoons were firm and good, (better than
those exhibited here by Mr. Gray 89 the
best quality of northern cocoons,) but were
smaller than the others, orange-colored,
from the gray worms. These are white
worms, and the cocoons of pale straw color.
1 am now feeding a few from the second
hatching, this year, and I m?k? it a point
ii>?o *h??v HPft fed to wet the leaves,
Cfoijr aiaavw w. _
this I do to test the thing thoroughly ; they
are doing very well as yet, though they are
small, and they have not come to the most
critical period of their life ; if they do well,
and you think it worthy of notice, I will let
you know.
If these remarks are worth your attention
you can use them as you please.
Respectfully,
A. L. Archer.
Petersbvtrgh July, 1839
[Mr. Archer is mistaken in supposing
that feeding with wet leaves has been uni
versally condemned?though the practice
has been tried by but very few persons, and
still fewer have reported favorably. Among
these few, though not in the Farmer's Reg.
ister, is our correspondent, T. S. Pleasants,
who this spring fed part of his first hatch,
ing on wet leaves, for experiment, and like
Mr. Archer, found no ill effect therefrom.
But though not universally, the practice
has been very generally and very strongly
condemned and certainly by every au hor
1 ' '" " ^ M ailU nllltilM
WHO <MH WriMvu unovuviia KM aun-vu?tuiv>
Thin precept first came from Europe, and
doubtless is necessary to be strictly observ.
ed in that moist climate. If not necessary
here, or at laast if it may be partially neglected
without certain loss and that the experiments
of Messrs. Pleasants and Archer go
conclusively to establish?the fact furnishes
a new proof of the great superiority which
we have in the groat dryness of our climate,
which seems to counteract the evil of
too much moisture in the food and litter.
Without supposing that there is any benejil
to the worms in the water given, there will
be a great gain to the feeder in his being relieved
of all the trouble of drying, and delay
in feeding, usually caused when the leaves
are made wet by rain. The most interesting
part of this statement, is that two sua.
cessive generations of worms have been
thus fed almost exclusively on wet leaves.
Though Mr. Archer is a young silk-culturist,
and has had very little opportunity to
gain instruction from experience, there is
no better authority for facts, and his testimony
on this fact is as conclusive as if he
had stored up all the existing knowledge,
and errors to be found in books, and also
in old usages. Ifhe had been previously
more fully instructed and strongly impressed
by all established authority, he would probably
never have made this interesting and
useful experiment, of a practice, which all
authors, from Dandolo down to D'Homer..
gue would have pronounced an egregious
error, Wt ich could not have any other than
fatal effects. This is one of the thousands
of cases, which we so much wish that all j
our readers would imitate, even a beginner,
a mere novice in a particular agricultural
pursuit, may make observation* and ascertain
facts, the communication of which will
afford new and important light to long exi
perienced and the best informed culturists.
There are few observing men, who cannot I
teach some new and useful truths; and
there are still fewer, even of the best informed
farmers, who are loo wise to be instructed
by the communication.?Ed. F. R.
Product of mulberry Leaves*
To the Editor of the Farmers' Register.
^ Stafford, July. 1836.
The cocoonery which you published as
mine belongs to the Potomac Silk and Agricultural
Company, which was incorporated
by the legislature in March, 1836. As
the stockholders generally have no experience
on the subject of silk-culture, I sign
no mo indit/irliinilir to communications
IIJJT liauiw
| published, because I am responsible alone
for the opinions and facts set forth in such
communications.
I am pleased that you published the state,
mentsof Dr. Perrine, because they aio calculated
to some extent, to counteract the
injurious influence of the extravagant and
ridiculous statements which have inundated
ihe country for sevrral years past. It is
unwise even in speculators to countenance
such statements, bee use they are calculated
to lessen the demand for trees, by pro.
ducing the erroneous impression that they
have a very trifling intrinsic value. Dr.
Perrines* statements, however, I am quite
sure are ftr below the truth. I know from ex.
periment that 5000 lbs. foliage can be taken
fr >m an acre of land that will produce only
fiifeen bushels of cor.:. I came at this result
by counting trees (3600 lo the acre,)
and weighing the foliage from a fair aver
age number. The trees were transplanted,
at two and three years old in the spring of
1838, and headed down the following fall.
The account should then stand thus :
5000 lbs. of leaves will produce 25 pounds
of silk, worth when reeled $5 per pound, or
in the aggregate $125, from which deduct
$2 per pound for rearing the worms and reeling
the silk, and $8 per acre for cultivation,
the nett gain would then be $67 per acre
! on land that will only give $7 net profit in
com oroits.
That the above named expenses are ample,
1 know from experience, if the business
be conducted with praciicul hands, and due
regard to economy. As the trees get older,
iftreated properly, they would no doubt yield
from 30 to 50 per cent. more.
LaytonY. Atkins.
P. S. Dandolo's statements with respect
fo varieties of silk-worms ore entitled to the
highest confidence. In the estimate of
profit in silk-culture you perceive that I allow
Dr. Perrine's statement as to me quantity
of leaves requ'red for one pound of silk,
to bo correct, althongh it exceeds numerous
1 ~ !>.!? Will
tkjluul rcsuu5 iii 1 laiiw uuu -w ...
you examine and see whether Dandolo or
any other foreign writer says any thing
about a u two crop" mammoth ?* There
may be some honest men who, being them,
selves deceived, engaged in selling twocrop"
mammoth eggs, but 'hat all who are
trafficking in mammoth worms and other
varieties from the vegetable and animal
kingdoms, are * over much righteous," I am
slow to believe*
f have just had small parcels of recently
deposited eggs of the " mammoth yellow"
to hatch, and much larger proportions of
new varieties produced by cross fecundation.
Now is my time for setting up a
humbug shop?but all my fair prospects are
blighted?my real opinion is out und gone,
and I have neither ingenuity, nor impudence
enough to hide it from public view.
We know of none.?ed.
From the Farmer's Register.
comparative value of morus multicaulis,
morus alba, and the canton, alpine,
florentine and chinese seedling mulberry
trees.
To the citizens of Virginia, who design
making permanent plantations of (he mulberry,
for the purpose of embarking in the
culture of silk, the adoption in the beginning,
of such varieties of the mulberry as
are best suited to our soils and climate, is
of the highest importance. Enjoying as I
do at present the opportunity of comparing
the above named varieties, so as to form a
tolerably correct judgment, as to their val.
ue for the prosecution of silk-culture in
Virginia, I will, endeavor to state, with plain,
ness, brevity and candor, the conclusions to
which I have been led by a careful examination.
Of all the above.named varieties the
morus multicaulis," jastly claims the pre.
eminence. I;s growth is rapid, and as large
as it should be for a permanent plantation,
on light sand} soils that are capable of
producing 15 or 20 bushels of corn to the
acre. Indeed, it should not be planted on
more fertile soils, because at the age of four
? ? -rio. kauinn koon koorloh
or nve yean*) <uloi iimmg uwu Hvauvu
down, the stalks are liable to be broken
down by violent winds. On this point, I
speak from very recent experience. It is
capable of enduring our hardest winters.?
In proof of this, the following facts are sta.
ted; In the fall of *37 and '38,1 dropped in
'he field a small tree of "morus multicaulis,"
which remained exposed root and
branch all the winter. It was found, and
planted in March, following, and is now
healthy, ^nd growing very rapidly. In '38
and '39 other plants were exposed in the
same way, which are yet living and doing
very well. From those facts some may
imagine that the winters in this part of Vir.
f;inia are very mild ; but it is far otherwise,
n this region the sassafras and wild pimento,
(laurus benzoin,) both of which are found
in high northern latitudes, have occasionally
been killed, and the ground freezes to the
depth of fifteen inches. This occurred in
the winter of *36 and *37 when we had
standing out 900 small plants of "multicau.
lis" raised from cuttings planted the pre.
ceding May, and not more than three or
four were lost. I thawed the ground by
building a fire, in order that I might
get accurate information.
The "morus multicaulis" makes silk of
the finest quality, equal, if not superior to
the silk from morus alba, and much softer
and more lustrous than that produced from
morus rubra. 1 have made very careful
experiments on this point, and I confidently
assert that the published statement of
some northern men, that the silk of "morus
multicaulis" is as coarse as that from "morus
rubra," or "morus nigra," is without
foundation in fact, and evinces either ignorance
or want of candor.
Next to the "morus multicaulis," I place
a mulberry which I shall call the * Chinese
seedling." Thi9 is a scare plant, and cannot
for several years at least, como into
competition, for purposes of speculation,
with the other varieties. I therefore hope
that I shall escape the suspicion of a tree
selling communication. It was raised by
Mr. C. II. Hunt, of Fredricksburg, from
seed which were purchased for muliicaulis
seed, i have this variety, tne"Canton" and
the "Alpine," growing from cuttings on
similar soil, and I have no hesitation to
affirm that it is superior to either. It furn
ishes leaves that areas large, and they are
heavier, more thickly set on the branches,
and more glossy. Next to the Chinese
seedling," for light sandy soils, I place the
C tnton. It bears leaves about hnlf ? *?
of umoru8 muiticaulis." grows very well in
such soils, and propagates readily from cuttings.
With respect to the value of morus alba,
and the Alpine and Florentine, uhich are
both varieties of ttie former, I have to say
that they will prove valuable to farmers
having land that will produce from 80 to
100 bushels of corn to the acre; but on inferior
soils t' ey are not worth the expense
o cultivation.
I will only add that I consider the Florentine
superior to Alpine.
Layton Y. Atkins.
Stafford co., Fa., July 1839.
The editor of the Yankee Farmer, who
ought to be good authority on such subjects,
says : * The following is an easy
and wholesome method to make preserves
and jellies without using brass or tin, or any
other poisonous utensil. Currants, strawberries.
blackberries, raspberries, cranberries
or damsons may be preserved in the
same way.
14 To make Jelly.?'Take a peck of currants
on the stem or strings, wash them
thoroughly and let them set in a large wooden
bowl or tray to drain; next day put them
on common dinner plates and set them in
the oven ns soon as the flour bread is taken
out; in an hour or two they will be scald??d
through, take them out and separate the
juice from the skins and seeds by straining
them through a clean coarse cloth, then return
the juice into the plates and set them
immediately in the oven to dry away. Have
as many plates as the oven will hold, for the
smaller the quantity of juice on a plate, the
sooner it will be thick enough to add tbe
sugar. Let the juice dry away until it at
about as ihick as molasses, which. yrhppn
will not be till the oven isco<d. When the
juice is sufficiently thick, put into a large
pitcher and add, as many pounds of sugar,
as you had pounds of currant juice before it
was dri*d away ; then set the pitcher into
an iron dinner pot, with water enough to
rencn half way up the pitcher; cover the
pitcher with a saucer, and the pot with the
pot lid or cover; put it over the Are and
let it boil till the jelly is thoroughly scalded ;
it must be taken ofT theJimjtsM'
tim<*s and stirred with a large silver spoon
or clean wooden stick; when thoroughly
scalded take it off, and when it is cold, cover
it close and keep it in a dry cool place.
** To prepare Preserves.?Wash the fruit
and let it drain dry. Then set it on platee in
a pretty warm oven, (after the flour bread
rlMtim out it tvill Hp nhnilf th? riirht heat.)
19 Umn II WVBV k ?? III MW HWM? ??- ? - Q
let it set about an hour or two, so as to be
scalded through, take it out and pour it off,
and return the juice to the oven to dry
away; when it is as thick as molasses add it
to the fruit from which it was taken, and put
it into a s:one or earthen preserving pot;
add a* many pounds of sugar as you had
of fruit before it was put into the oven,
then place the pot in a kettle of water, cover
the pot with a plate, and set the water to
boiling ; after they are well scalded, take
them off and set them in a dry, cool place.
They may be made with molasesses in.
stead of sugar, onl> the molasses must be
boiled till it is as thick as it can be, or as
thick as you would boil it for candy.
M Strawberries make one of the most
wholesome preserves, equal almost to the
Guuver, and by this method of preserving,
are entirely safe frorb the deleterious effects*
of poisonous me:als, as brass or tin kettles."
Blackberry syrup.?We are indebted
to a friend for the following receipt for making
blackberry Syrrup.?This syrup is said
to be almost a specific for the summer com.
plaint. In 1832, it was successful in more
than one case of cholera.
??"? ? ?- - ? r u-_ j j
1 O ~4 quarts Oi juiuu UI uiu v. n urines, iuu
1 lb. loaf sugar,
?oz. nutmegs,oz. cinnamon, pulverized
J oz. cloves, J oz. nlspice, do.
Boil all together' for a short time, and
when cold, add a pint of fourth proof brandy.
From a tea.spoonful to a wine glass, according
to the age of the patient, till relieved,
is to be given.
To Preserve Currants.?Gather them
when green and separate thern from the
stems ; then put them into junk bottles,
cork the bottles closely and put them in a
cool cellar. Currants may be kept fresh
and green in this manner a year, and will
make excellent pies in the winter and spring.
Currant Jam, black, red or white?Let
the fruit be very ripe, pick it clean from the
stalks, bruise it, and to every pound put 3-4
lb of. loaf sugar ; stir it well and boil half
an hour.
cure for grubs in head of sheep.
From the Genesee Farmer.
Having read considerable in the Genesee
Farmer concerning diseases in sheep, and
seeing no account of the grub in the head,
I think proper to give the public a relation |
of a circumstance which took place with me
when I had a small flock ofsheep. It was
in the latter part of winter, one of my flock
was taken sick, and become so weak it could
not rise without being lifted. I suppose its
ailment to be the grub in the head ; and
knowing something of the virtue of flaxseed
oil, I resolved to try an experiment on
it. 1 laid the shaep on its rump, or rather
on its back, with its nose a little inclining
backward, and poured in near a table spoon*
ful of the above oil, part in each 'nostril.
The next morning the sheep was able to
get up and eat with the rest of the flock,
and speedily recovered. After that, and
while I kept sheep, when 1 discovered any
pf them snotty-nosed and coughing, (an indication
of the grub.) I put a lit lo oil in their
noses as above, and they soon became clean
and healthy. I do not remember that I failed
in one instance ; some of my neighbors also
? <* ?ivpd benefit bv the above process.
T. B.
Columbiana Co, Ohio, 5ih mo, 18, 1839.
moras mnlticauUs.
Great failures have occurred in the rear*
inn of this plant during the present year,owing
o a variety of causes, but the principal
cause if, the quality of the stock planted,?
A g*caf quantity of such stock was planted
from place to place, during thu winter
months and of course lost its validity and
power of propagation. The consequence
is that the supply, the ensuing fall, will be
far short of the demand, and prices range
higher than they did last season. Contracts
have already been made at forty cents
for three feet trees, to be delivered in October
next. [Silk Grower.
THE LINDEN TREE.
Of every other tree connected with rural
economy, perhaps the Linden is the
most valuable. In Russia, its properties are
so well understood, that we see it growing in
every hamlet and village possessing a soil ca.
pi-ble of nourishing it. The wood is not only
| manufactured into furniture, but into a variety
of domestic utensils. Cord and matting
are made from its inner rind, while its aromatic
blossoms not only perfume the air and
feed the bees, but make an agreeable tisane
for the invalid. The Circassians feed their
bees on ibe blossoms to produce the fine green
honey, aromatic in odour and delicious in flavor,
esteemed so great a delicacy by the rich
gourmands of Constantinople and Teheran.
In order to ensure its good qualities, the honey
is received from the hive previously to the
blossom changing its color. The young and
tender sprigs, with their foliage, serve to mix
with the fodder during the depth of winter, being
highly palatable to the cattle. I have already,
in ray previous works, more than once
alludeid to this very useful tree, with a desire
to promote its cultivation in this country; for,
independent of its utility, it is ornamental, and
may be seen adorning nearly every public garden
and promenade in Germany.?-Spencer's
Travels in the Western Caucasus.
Free Martins.
When a cow has twin calves, one a bull
calf and tbe other to appearance a heifer calf,
the last is called % free martin. It is a singular
laWrof nature, and apparently limited to
twin animals so produced, are unfit
for the propagation tb?ir species.
AMERICAN MANNERS.
The editor of ihe New York American,
speak'ngof Miss Sedgwick's now work, on
Self Training, says;
Her chapter on the manners, or rather
the want of manners, of her country women,
deserves an attentive perusal. We do not
wish to forfeit all character for gallantry and
jgJtivitJry. but it must be said that courtesy
is not in every case a distinc'ive attribute
of <he American fair. An instance in point
is worih a dozen assertions.?With such a
one we were accidentally furnished within a
century. It occurred in a sea port, not in the
' * J " A i.J a
Kinaom 01 oonimia. a iauy wen uicsku
and of graceful mien, got into an omnibus.
She carried loosely in her hand?a most
absurd habi!?a gold pencil case. On get.
ting out, she let it drop, and passed on unconscious
of the loss. The ticket boy was
told to take it up and follow her, which he
did, carrying it up the steps of a house she
was entering. She received it from him
without opening her lips, and without the
slightest change of countenance, which could
be translated by the most chari;able observer
into an expression of thanks. So much
for real life, yesterday afternoon. Miss
Sedgwick's are not more in point, although
better told. We give one or two to mark
with the stigma of our reprobation, this odious
discourtesy.
44 The most striking and prevailing defect
in the manners of Americans is, I believe,
a want of courtesy. This has probably
arisen from the equality of rights, condition
and education, And it arises in part from
that mauvaise honie or shyness characters
lie oi our ungiisu ancestors, iruui wimh
we inherit it.
" A little reflection nnd moral cultivation
would soon remedy this defect.
* What do I mean by courtesy, and how
is the want of it shown, do you ask 1 1
have ofen seen men in steamboats, stage
coaches in churches, and in other public
meetings, rise and give theii seats to women,
and the women seat themselves quietly with,
out a look or a word of acknowledgment.
And so with a thousand other attentions,
which are 'endered and are received without
any return. Avoid such discourtesy, my
young friends \ it is not only displeasing,
but unjust. We actually owe some return
for such civilities ; and a corteous acceptance
is in most casses the only one that
can be made.
? These little chance courtesies are snvles
on the fare of manners, and smiles are like
sunshine?wo can scarcely have too much
of either. Courtesy is confined to no age
or condition. A very gruceful courtesy
was rendered to Washington by a little girl,
lie was paying a visit at her mother's house ;
when he went away, she opened the door to
let him out. " 1 wish you a better office,
my dear," said he. M Yes, sir?to lot you
in !" Discourtesy is not limited to country
bred or uneducated persons. We have
seen a plain, respectable man on the deck
of a crowded steamboat rise and give up his
chair (when chairs were in alarming disproportion
to the sitters) to a fashionable wo
man, and she takes it without the slightest
acknowledgment, when, if the person doing
Iter the favor had been what she called a 4,<
gentleman, she would have said, ** you are la
very kind, or pray, sir, do not let me deprive
you of your seat !" Surely the most bi
exact etiquette would be no compensation
for such superciliousness. w
New Mode of Propelling Steamboats. j[
?An ineenious mechanician, named
Franklin Kelsey, has inven'ed a method of Ci
propelling boats, the idea of which was sug- ?
gested to him by tho-e contrivances of nalure
by which animated beings are enabled ^
to move forward in the water. He has
completed and brought to this city a model, ?
a boat of six tons burden, furnished with
sraal1 iron paddles in front eighteen inches *
in length and eight in width, which, by the n
poworoffour men turning a crank, is moved ^
forward rapidly in the water. a
Dy means of a comhina'ion of machinery,
the invention of Mr. Kelsy, a peculiar v
motion, like that of the fins of a fish or the
n r - #A the
nippers ui u scai, o kuuiuiuuivv>vu ^
paddles, by which all back water is avoi- ?
ded. The evident advantage of Mr. K?*l- s,
sey's invention, is, that n the open sea no ^
part of the power is lost as in the use of
wheels. The motion of the wavps often jj
tit's first one wheel of the steamboat and ^
then the other out of water, but in Mr. K- l.
sey's plan the paddles are always immersed, jj
and every stroke tells, whatever be the flue- ^
tuations of the surface. Mr, Kelsey has ^
been engaged for a loug time, twenty-five y
years we believe in bringing his machinery
to perfection. To us it appears a nrorais. *
ing, as it ceriainly is a very beautiful and '
ingenious invention. We are informed that
it is intended to make arrangements for exhibiting
it to the public, when scientific and
practical engineers will have the opportun
ity of judging i:s applicability to the purpose ,
of propelling steamboats. The invention is
named the 14 Kelseyao Scudding Paddles."
N. Y. Evening Poat.
From the South-Carolinian. c
Spartanburgh District, > 3
July 10, 1839. $ 1
Mr. Editor,?The laws of our Slate, respecting
the punishment of criminals, I can- <
not hut think aie highly defective. Every '
man knows, that if he commits a wilful inur
der, and it is proved upon him, the law says 1
he shall die ; hut he also knows, that it will
require the most positive proof to convict J
him. For, how numerous have been the .
instances, in which little or no doubt exis. ?
ted in the minds of the Court, of the guilt of r
the accused, and yet the Jury shrunk from *
rendering a verdict of guilty. And again, \
how frequently does it happen, that, when .
upon the most unequivocal evidence, a man j
has been convicted and senienct d to expi- ]
ate his crime on the gallows, through the J
petition of individuals, (who, though con.
vinced of his guilt, are nevertheless influ. (
enced by those feelings of sympathy natural
to the human breast,) Executive elemency i
is extended to him, and he escape with im- {
punity. |
Now, what is the result ? Why, a man j
1 takes offence at something said or done by L
a fellow-creature, and concludes lie must I
have revenge ; nnd nothing will satisfy him J
but the life of the off *nd r; especially ns .
he not only flatters himself that he can tak*? <
iiu rn>inr, (>iiind nn? Kill flint if* i 1
W'fcUWUfc ?w w- | ?? . ..
detected, and tried, the Jury will shrink from
hanging him ; and, that, even if condemned
and sentenced to suffer for it, he will be
able to obtain a pardon, as so many others
have done. The uncertainly of the punishment,
thus stimulates and encourag's
him to the crime ; and such will ever be
.lie case, while the laws remain as they are.
But, says the reader, how shall we remedy
this defect ? I nnsvver, simply by establishing
a Penitentiary, and abolishing entirely
theciueland unnatural punishment
of death, which is so easily and generally
evaded. Such punishment is, in my opinion,
incompatible with the Scriptures. I
know that the law of Moses sanctions it ;
but when the Redeemer of (ho world appeared
on earth, preaching good will to
men, he virtually did away that law, and
establishes a better, by the general spirit of
the doctrines ho taught. At any rate, nothing
can be found, either in his own or his
inspired apostles' sayings, which recommend
or approve it. But, to say the least
of it, I think it will bo conceded, on all sides,
that it is highly repugnant to all the better
feel ngs of humanity.
Let us, then, establish a Penitentiary,
and, as there are degrees in crime, define
them destincdy, and attach to each, a proper
penalty. Then, let it be distinctly understood/that
from those penalties, there is
no escape, when an offender is convicted ;
for, I hold it unquestionable, that when he
has had a fair trial, and is convicted by a
Jury, he should be placed wholly beyond
the reach of Executive elemency. Were 1
such the case, we should much less frequen.
tly hear of crimes being committed : for all
experience proves, that it is not the severity,
but the certainity, of the punishment, which
deters men from crime.
A FRIEND TO JUSTICE.
WILLIAM PENN's WAY OF GETTING WHAT
LAND HE WANTED.
Penn learned, in 1639, that there was
some very choice land not included in his
first purchase; and he sent to inquire of
tlie Indians if they would sell it. They replied
that they did not wish to part wi;h the
land where their fathers were resiing ; but,
to please their father?the name they gave
the good man?they would sell him some
of it. Accordingly, they agreed, for a cer.
tain quantity of English goods, to sell as
much land as one of his young men could
walk round in a day, *' beginning at the
groat river Cosquanco (now Kensington),
and ending at the great river Kallapiugo"
(now Bristol.) This mode of measurement
though their own choice, did not, in the end,
satisfy the Indians ; for the young English
man, chosen to walk off the tract of land,
walked so fast and far, as greatly to aston- a
ish and mortify them. Tlie governor observed
this dissatisfaction, and asked the 0
cause, v
" The walker cheat us."
"Ali, how can that be?" said P?inn;
did you not choose yourselves to have the
nd measured in th:s way ?"
"True," replied the Indian?, "but white
rother made to - big walk."
Some of Penn's commissioners waxing
arm, said the bargain was a fair one, and
isisted that the Indians ought to abide by
,and if not should be compelled to it.
"Compelled!" exclaimed Penn, "how
xn you compel them without bloodshed ?
lon't you see this looks to murder?" Then
jrning with a benignant smile to the Inians,
he said, "Well, brothers, if you have
iven us too much land for the goods first
greed on, how much more will satisfy
ou V*
* " . .1 ?- . ??,1 tliau
This proposal gratitim tncm; ??u
letitioned tho quantity of cloth, and numor
of fish.hooks, with which thev would be
atisfiod. These were cheerfully given;
nd the lnd:uns, shaking hands wi h Peon,
rent away smiling.
After they were gone, the governor,
ioking round on his friends, exclaimed,
O, how swret and cheap a thing is charity !
iome of you spoke just now, of compelling
liese poor creatures to stick to their bargain,
that is, in plain Engish, to fight and
ill them, and all about a little piece of
ind!" ' if
William Penn had been governor of
daine in 1839, would there have been any
langer of war about our north-eastern
ouudary ? If?the rulers ef that State, and
?f the nation, had breathed only a small
>ortion of his spirit, there would have been
ittle, if any; difficulty in bringing the wholo
ontroversy to a result with which both par*
es would now be satisfied. Adv. of Peace
BENDS, BUSTLES, Etc. Etc.
To the Editor of tho Cheraw Gazette
and Poe Dee Farmer,
As Bustles and Bends seem to be agitating tho
mblic you will oblige a friend and citizen by
riving this piace of selected poetry a place in
rour paper. A Friend.
inswer to the "lines written or a fashion a.
sle protuberance."
3h! ye whose eyes are black or blue,
Enspire my song with vigor new,
ind lend me all your aid to thnmp
The tasteless autiior of the "Hump."
In ancient times we have it wrote,
Just what she pleased was worn by madam-**
Eve had i.er "fig leaf petticoat"
Without consulting Mr. Adam;
[n every age, f oin slave to queen,
Standards of taste tho fair have been ;
They mould the fashions to their will
\.nd polish Nature by their akill
\nd if t..cy sock the aid of art
f ensure the conquest of the heart,
Man should be flutter'd that they take
So much of trouble for his sake,
tfor should they be admired the less
Because it is for him they dress.
Man, in his turn, for woman too,
Puts on his suit of London b ue,
3r struts about in costly black,
With every hair brushed off his back,??
Vnd ere he in her prcsenoe goes,
ie, by his careful caution snows?
3y wa hing, jhaving, brushing, robbing
iy combing, starching, blacking, scrubbing^
' * * * * * * ? *? ? ? ?./! olnn n
JIlUl 00 lOO&S U prim miu vwoh
Ka band.box damsel of fourteen?
[low much ho fools that silent sway,
tie dare not shun nor disobey.
if to our dross as to their own.
The fair had not attention shown?
What dirty, filthy boasts would we,
[a habit and appearance bo 1
\nd tho' per chance 'tis truj the fair,
To our dull minds strange things may wear?*
Though we who are devoid of taste,
May wonder at a wasp-like waist
Ind frocks that show nough of shoulder.
To make a modest I over bolder?
fet bishop sleeves and pantalettes,
Vill live in spite of tho gazettes,
knd it will cost you many a tussel
Jefore they will resign the bustle.
l is not man's business or his doty
To meddle with the dress of beauty;
knd when he frets the more sboul: they,
[n stubborn sternness disobey.
Yot all your poets with their sonnets!
Should change tho fashion of their bonnets!
But say ye crusty single men,
Vho've lived your three score years and ten,
)r aro in feeling of that age,
Vhy not at your own dresses rage ?
Reflect upon a ruffled dickey,
Vhen'er you say that "Humps are trickey,
)r glance upon your pleated ahama
Vhich honest plainness rudely dams?
knd ere ye write new "Hump" epistles,
fust feel your necks encased in brist'es.
?Vhich once adorned some kindred grutiter,
Jut cow are worn by rule of Gunter;
Look at your wide and rolling collars
For which the tailor takes your dollars ;
four coats all made of paste and padding
knd gingerbread?sometimes dubbed wadding?
knd surely of atl creatures, man
s least to think or spoak of bran !
fe things of buckram ! tell your poet,?
'or I'm resolved the scamp shall know it,
To think, when next of "Humps" be writes,
k moment over a pair of tights ;
knd if they do not make & hump
Jglier by fir about the rump.
Than bustles do?then I'll agree.
That he deserves the victory,
n such a war, I face my foe,
And not, as he has done, attack,
Hie rival 1 would overthrow
By unfair onset at the back.
! take the enemy in front,
knd there I bear tho battle's brant,
knd give a phronologic bump,
['hat s larger than his fancied "Hump
The ladies wear no wheat or bran,
To catch tho willing creature, man;
Such things thoy need not?'tis a libel,
knd if the poet on the Biblo
Is duly sworn, I'll prove in law,
k "Hump"' ho never felt or saw I"
Uy dander's up ! What ? say the fair,
s.._u . na wheat and bran can wetr,
312CU b ?
Vnd feathers and the Lord know* what,
Year any place or any spot!
'II not believe it?'tis the tale
Of one who has been kicked moon high?
Vho hates the sex and dares to rail
^ Because he knows no brilliant eye,
That ever flashed from woman's lorm,
To flush a tiembling lover's face,
Vould deign that icy soul to warm.
Who's siuned away his day of grace.
Jo ! they need no artificial Humps*
'o give tuck bachelors the thumps J
The Harrisburg Reporter states that the
^nnsylvania five percent, loan of $l,lfi0,000?
he period fcr receiving offers for which wai
losed on Thursday last, was not taken , not a
iid having been received, the $2,000,000
aan, authorized by the internal improvement
ct, remains open until the 34th instant.
From the same paper we learn that Governr
Porter lies ill at Hollidaysbor*, with a se?
ere attack of biliious fever. [Nat Intel.