Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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carbon?as recommended by Arthur Young, and also by Sir John Sinclair. 44 The turf-dusi, or ashes, contain car. bonaceous matter, in a hi state to combine and retain the active properties of the other ingredients ; and serve as a receptacle for the performance of the chemical uction of t)l? ?pflietiag tttbrtancea, urn* the whole mass becomes impregnated with elastic juices pFfv?-ioisJ(in(Js.,=iniaffiijghly concentrated state, whicli are given out gradually, whea *pphe&<faihe ?oil, according to the ionueoce of the atmosphere, and of sun and raln^The lime imparts the calcarous property-essential to all soil in various hinations with acids. The salt and salt Ipetre yield the mineral and vegetable alkalies, united to nitric and^ thuriadc gcid, both of which exert a most powerful influence "When separated from their bases? which the contact of caustic lime slowly but certainly effects. The urine, of all sorts, fh'rhtshes animal matter and ammonia in abdndance. The soot adds much strength to I -"><*nn#)?AAiK mat er, and increases 1 inc WHIUUV..VV... -- - , ^ _ . Ihp ammonia, | think this preparation may Justly Be termed Imperial Compost" We 'give the * preceding facts, not so hiuch in the expectation that they are likely | to result in great immediateberiofit to Amcrtcon husbandry, but under tho sttong belief that they will ultimately prove highly beneficial, by directing the attention of scientific men to that an important branch of natfanafl economy?the improvement of the soil.: :ficience<arid agriculture have hitherto been strangers, although capable of render* ing the greatest mutual benefits. We wish IC bring them together, and associate their labors* for the benefit of our country, and the human family. If Dr. Olcotl's "Patent [Restorative," which is no'iced in another Column, possesses any thing like the properties ascribed tQ it, and of this we hope to be Me to judge, and the cost is not too great, and in this matter Wo are not advised, it Will prove a concentrated Or portable manOre, of immense value* and wili justly entitle the dlstaverer To the gratitude of his conntrymcn and of the world. 1 ^ *: v ' ?-?? Prom the Zanosvjlte Gazette. 1 Cfoltitrc of Cora. J Messrs, Bciieving in tbo poli. j cy of Communicating through the public papers, the result of experiments in our. soveral occupations that all may be profited by the ekperieoce of each, I wi$Vto. communicate through your columns the result ifan etperiment which | made last year Upon ft lot of two acrds of corn.. The land %as of uniform auSlhy, being a light sandy loaw, which hau been in timothy meadow 6r. The first half acre I manured by putting 4 shovel full at sheep manure in each Urn tfie third, { Used a shovel lull of mar nure from. the barn yard, or rather a tnhhure of fine manure and earth, obtained j by ploughing the yard after removing the ong manure?on the fourth I used the same Quantity Of ashes, being a mixture of wel Med and fresh ashes.' *rtbp;?q in was "dropped carefully upon | the toantite, and throughout the whole Io\ pumpkin seed"were dropped with the corn. On the part manured from the.sheep.yard, the corn did not'make a much better gp. I ? -? ? ' ? ' r\-. ?_ ?, ; . ? than ostitu, tnougn ine pump& uk grew well; ; and indeed, -in tfie pumpkin cTop, there urae little difference; it was fine tWbuglWttt. Between the pro fer-v ot the portion* oh 3rhich "chip y ird add barn yard manure hod been usee/, there was noubserreble ttiflfercnco, both was a good yield; butthe yield on the part mhnun d with ash'ifrtfc at feast double. No accurate measurement wzs made, but the relative <jJuaot ties were teidily ascertained. i-TOe ib<?rivdrethe facts of the case, and I should be pleased to hearthe views and eJrpertenbe cifafeme of fny brother farmers; tor if ashes is really so valuable as a manorVit^ time that the formers should km># \u :: ^;-v A FARMER, A4ran(age*M nauuriag ? C I f. - St Bartholomew's Parish, > October tidy 1838. J -*r. Edrtot,-*-I have been planting for the last ten years and I have just now come to the determinat on to plant less, and mamire, fori find out,from dearly bought ei perience, that it is a bad plan to plant largely, and not manual for no planter can find good reasons to support him in planting largely and not manuring. What is tlx? reason that we find so many going to the West? 1 think ifwc were ;o Ask reasons of most of those who go from South Cairo, lina to the Went, they would s?y that their lands are worn out. Well, now wo will ask tbem how is it that their lands came to be wocrnoutl 1 think that they would say that they had been planting largely, and not manuring at all. f I dont thmk, Mr. Editor that y?0 will find a planter who has got in the Way of manuring, selling off and going ?e the West. Why sir? Because l>e has found OUt) that it is easier to manure One acre, than to tut down one acre and clean it up, and then he loses his crop oh the-one acre that is cleaned up, when, from the acre that ia manured, he has every reason to .calcu.. late on acrop, if something more than com.* mon does not happen, 1 will advocate the manuring system so far as fa say, that I do believe that in nine out of ten years, you wifimeke a crop on manured ground. I am satisfied that the up-Coun'ry plan er plants oncthird more than he ought to plant -*-I think. I might sny twice as much as he ought. And now Sir, what is t'le reason of it / "One of the reasons is ihis-^-his ne gh. bor plants largely, and he th nks that he must do what-his neighbor is doing, or he is doing nothing.^ Ho will sometimes plant more than his neighbor, to have it said that" heis oat-crOp ing hi th. Now, sir, they are both wrong; and if you ask them both if they am not wrong in planting so much, they will tell you that they ahp. -Ask them if they do not believe that one acre fnanured,will make twice as much as one not manured, and I think they will answer ybW:1r> the -affirmative/- Bur candidly "speaking, fiff/Edftoly- 1 "d? believe tfirit"there is not a i set-of people who stand more in their own I light, t;:an the planters ; for, sir, they know j that they can make more by manuring, titan , they can by planting largely, and yet they will still persist in what they know to be wrong. But some of them will tell you that they have not got time to make manure. I ' am very sorry for any op-country planter who has not got time to make manure, for I am satisfied that if any planter has time to make manure, I say that it is the upcountry planter. If they wiJ: take twothirds of their hands, with a wagon, as soon us they are done pick.ng cotton, and go into the woods and gather leaves, and haul them into a pen, and put their cows on them the next snmmer, I think they will agree with mo in saying, that thev have time, and I am satisfied that they will be so well paid for their trouble, that they will the next year, spend more time at it. thao they did this year. I last winter raked trash but one fortnight, with about seven hands, and with that and tho corn stalks of about 25 acres of corn, I have made manure enough -?c,. ??0Kl? th*? limn. I am so well IU JIUJf IliO IUI IIVWIU IHV ....... ? . paid, that I will this winter spend a month, with as many or more hands, making trash. I will give a more particular account of the manuro I made this year, at some other time. I hope this piece may benefit 'PineWoods,' of Lawtonvillo, South Carolina, I hope to see the day that we will ba prac? tical manuring planters throughout the State, and then we will be independent,Tor when that is tiic case, we will have every thing that Would make us so. I hope, further- , more, that our Legislature will take a little , more notice of us, than they have been do- j ing. * / : : - ' 1 may continue this subject. An Uf-Country Planter. Criteria of Dairy Stock* We copy from ihc Farmers' Magazine, the following scaie of points of Jersey dairy stock, which has special reference to the producing butter and but is not dosigned to apply to cutllo for draught or fattoning. scale op points tor dulls. point*. Art. I. Purity of breed on male and. femalo sides, reputed for having produced rich and yellow butter, 4 II. Head fine and tapering, cheek small, muzzle fine, and encircled .... with white, nostril high and open, .... . horns polished, crumpled, not too . thick at the base, and tapering, tippled with black, ears small of an orange colour within, eye full aad lively, . . . 8 III. Neck fine, and lightly.placed oq the shoulders, chest broad', barrel hooped and deep, well ribbed lxome to the hips, . ? . * 3 IV. Back straight from the wethers to the setting on of the tail, at right angles to the tail. Tail fine, hang, ing two inches below tho hock, 3 V. Hide thin nnd moveable, mellow,. j well covered with a fino soft hair of a good colour,- . . .3 VI. F re arm targe and powerful, taps short and straight, swelling and full ahove the knee, and fine below it, 2 VII. Hind quarters, from the huckle to the point of the rump, long and . . well filled up ; the legs not to cross behind in walking, . 2 VIII. Growth, . , % , 1 IX. General appearance, 2 Perfection* . 28 No prize td be awarded to a bull having less Utan 20 points. j scale or points FOB cows and hetfsrs. Art. I. Breed, on mate and female sMes, reputed for producing rich and yellow butter, . ? 4 II. Head small, fine and tapering, eye fult and lively, muzzle fine and encircled with white, horns polished and a little crumpled, tippled with black, ears small, of an orange colour within, . . fc .8 III. Back straight from the wethers to the setting on of the tail, chest deep and nearly of a line with the belly, 2 IV. Hide thin, moveable, but not too loose, well covered with fine and short hair of good oolour, > ? 2 V. Barrel hooped and deep, well ribbed home, having but Utile spnce bc?w tween the riba and hips, tail fine, -hanging two inches below the hock, VI Pore legs straight and fine, thighs , * full ami long, close together when viewed from behind; hind legs short, and bones rather firie; hoof small, hind legs not to cro-8 in walking, . ' . . 2 VII. Udder full, well up behind ; tea!9 square and largely placed, being "wideapart; milk veins large and swelling, 4 VIII. Growth, 1 IX. Genera! appearance, . ? 2 Perfection for cows, r . 30 Two -points shall be deducted for the number required for the perfection of lieifi. ers, as their uldersand milk veins cannot be fully disclosed.No prize shall benwarled to cows having less than 21, or to heifers having less than 14 points. From tho Franklin Farmer. N<w mode of Breaking- Oxen, ,4The onlyest way to brcuk oxen that I ever saw!"?so exclaimed a countryman the other day, on seeing the operation. Got a strong post, eight feet long by two thick, plant it three and a half in the ground, (well rammed,) round or bevel the upper end, and leave a pin to it, or make a mortise and put a strong two inch pin, six or eight inches long, in it. Then gel a tough sapling twenty feet long; measure off at the small end the usual length of (lie yoke, and bore the holes for your botvs" accordingly. Then bore three holes (or more- if you choose) four, eight, and twelve" feet" from-; the other end, of the auze of the pin in the top of the post, giving the shortest lover 'firsri draw* your steers up, let them be young or old, b gentle or wild, it makes no difference; yoke a them to the end of the pole, but instead pf t tying their tails together, it you wish to avoid 1 bcb-tafledsoxen, tie their loins together with it a good rdpe, wrap up their head halters, c clear the front, and let them go. Round c -hnd round they go with a rush; diunk, i drunker will they grow, until groaning, c down they drop. For a while they lie* pant- * mg and looking wild ; at length they leap t1 up as if suddenly frightened, rush round i again, grow drunk, and drop again. Leave { them, they will repeat the expenment, uri- c til, reeling, they will stop or stand; in a few i hours you may lead them around t>y. their f halters. Uncouple them from the pole, pr 1 yoke them to your cart, and drive to where you clio'se, with safety. Any gentleman will be entitled to the above patent for life, by paying five dollars to the nearest needy widow, taking her receipt for the same, and filing it among his own papers. c WE P. tlAKT. i h .. >" >i Agricultural Schools \ : Are springing up in Ireland, and mea. j sures arc taking to establish them in Eoa-li lanJ : wliilo in France, says iho Westfotd independent, ** new schools are fooaded t daily, establishments for rearing cattle of t improved breeds, and making experiments * in husbandry, are formed and conducted at $ the cost of government, and a considerable s number of our best auimals anefsheep, are I constantly purchased to improve the native i stock. Frofessors ore appointed in various j parts of the country, to give lectintesromngri- ? culture, and in short, all possible means taken < to render the nation independent of foreign ' couutrios for the supply of such necessaries j of life as are capable of being produced by i their own soil. We consider these schools j the grand basis of agricultural improvement j ?the light that will shed its benign influ- i ence on the mist that now envelops the prm. i ciples upon which the most important prac. I tical operations in agriculture art based/' The most prominent plan proposed in i England, is to establish a national agricuL I tural college, upon a broad and liberal basis, | to be supplied with the bpst teachers, and to j connect with it pattern or cxporimeftta! < farms, upon different soils, and Mn different < sections of the kingdom, to be under the dt? i roction of tho best practical men. In the college the scientific theory of the art is to I be taught, and the explanations of the differ, i ent systems of practice in the kingdom and , abroad io.be given.?The pr cftcal instruc. j tions to be given on the farma, to -which the students ure to be sent for stated periods. 1 " These forms to be used solely forex? | periments, to test and prove every-sUgges. < tion that science, theory and practice rrfay , offer: and if upon repealed trials, ihey be found irreducible to practice, they will fall to the ground ; if they succeed, they would 1 be sent forth as attes ed and valuable facts. I The members of tho central college Hntahe ( conductors of the farms would be- in* don. slant communication, companng and'c*.1 amining every suggestion and observatfbn, both by science and practice, and detailing 1 to each other, for the general benefit,: theJ4 results of reflection and experience." 'If 1 ever such an institution be established/* ' says a writer in the Farmers'' Maga2iBS> 1 44 the first step must be, to kick?sheer over- 1 board, the prejudices of men and ^o level ' with the dust that curse of the hitman race, 1 tlio rvrnnt hnrri?p to Imonivoi^.' 1 of iuc world. On every subjeet, "tt#Ergreater part of mankind are biassed in fbvw of some particular way of thinking* tind way of performing any operation iwhich they have adopted, and to which thdy have been accustomed, and of which very few are ever able to divest themselves.' Prejudice 1 completely obscures our perceptive and in.' tuitivo powers, clogs our understanding,'and perverts our judgment, and rendets wholly, useless the reasoning faculty conferred upon us as the distinguishing characteristic efour 1 nature. No sound judgment be^e#- 1 ercised on any subject, or a satisfactory 1 conclusion arrived at, where this pernicious propensity prevails : no dependence can be placed on the opinion of any man, who allows his judgment to take precedence of his reason, and whose mind is wilfully shut1-J against conviction.?For the furtherance of 1 any art, the great essential desideratum is ' to combine theory and practice; and on ' this point the agricultural world (with some splendid exceptions,) has floundered over head and ears in the mud. It is only of lath years, that our mechanics and man* ' ufacturers have bet*n able to combine them ; but until that be effected, and as much as possible in the same per>ons, or by different persons being in constant and friendly intercourse, it is very evident the progress will bo slow. If properly established and conducted, incalculable benefits might accrue. The members of the college must consist of men eminent for knowledge in every branch of education connected with : ? 1 .1 LI.. ... 1 _ I agnounuic, u;iu one iiioruuguiy versea in ! agriculture itself, and their employment would be to draw suggestions from the investigations of science, to be transmitted to the farms for the test of experience, Tho conductors of these farms must be the most intelligent practitioners that can "be found for the soils they are intended to manage ; thoroughly acquainted wi.h arabfe (arming j and the suitable implements ; our differ., ent breeds of stock ; intelligent and open to, and able to comprehend, and abla to execute, the suggestions transmitted to them from the central college. Until we have a field of tests, we do not know what invaluable discoveries may be hid in suggestions laughed at and neglected, or in those that may be made. That great dbstifdity has attended many of them, must be readily granted ; but the wheat cannot be obtained without separating it from the cheffj' .i Thus far our extract. Thete'fs no truth more palpable, than that science, to benefit agriculture as it has benefitted the arts, must be associated and combined with its practical labors, as it has been profitably combiu.. ed with the labors of the" nrtizan and manufaturer. And we are of opinion that this would be more efficiently done, in a school and firm inthc ?:?rne foeation, than It could' \e where the school is loca'ed in one place 1 md the farm in another. Locations may '< i8 found which combine most of the vane- I ies of soil; and the principles of science be. i ng Well, inculcated, and their general nppli- I idtion to practice proper!}' taught & explain- < id, the pupil would be qualified judiciously I o vary his practice according to soil and i ircumstances. Like civil engineering, i vhich was hardly taught or practised before , he commencement ofoursystem of internal i improvements, a school of scientific and >ractical agriculture would soon produce I ipmpetent teachers, to take charge of new < nstitutions, or to disseminate in the cum. nunity, the various branches of useful tnowledge acquired in the school. i [CuLivator. < From the Belvidero iN. J ) Apollo. The Silk Business* fn a conversation with a gcn'Iemdn of tar village on this subject, he informed us hat an acquaintance of his had recently taen to Mansfield township, Connecticut, irith a view to procure the Services of a noting woman skilled in the managing of he Silk business, bat had not been able to iniptoy one. They were all either busy at uftiie, or had gone south to give that region be benefit of the knowledge they have icquired, at compensations of from $20 to 530 per month, with their travelling expends paid, in the township in question, the >ueiness has been carried on since the evolution, and almost every family is enTorKisl in ,* In n WrtmPfitirt wav. thus finding jOg^U III Ik IU u ?J , v. i profitable mode of keeping employed its lupernumerary members, young and old. The venerable Matthew Carey, nod othei ndividualt distinguished for their benevoence, have been laboring for years to place female labor on a better footing, with very partial success. The fact mentioned above wems to go far to prove that tho silk busi. less is likely to do great things towards bringing about a result so very desirable. We are pleased to see the business making rapid progress tn our village and neighbor, hood, and doubt not it will b j every way beneficial to the community. We shall ?ive more particulars as to its his'ory, when we have becomO somewhat better acquainted with its details, of which we now feel con. strained to confess oar ignorance. Although the remedy recommended in the following article is not new. yet good may lesuh from publishing it with respecta. ble attestation of its efficacy. Our medical readers, for whose benefit we copy it, will perceive that tho cases in which it proved effectual, were not confirmed consumption ; [fiat is the body of the lung was not ulce. rated. But in most if not all the casos, pulmonic consumption and death might have been the result of neglect or improper treatment. Ed. Ch. Gaz. From tto V. Y. Commercial Ailvortiser. . . The late lamented death of Dr. Bu?l?, . from that form of consumption known as chronic bronchitis, painfully reminds me of a duty to bis profession and to society, of making known a simple form of treatment that has never failed htm in curing this form oi consumption, so destructive to the clerical and literay profession. This treatment is of nearly equal efficacy in catarrhal pkthisv;. and is a valuable remedy for con. sumption in all its forms, when ia its chronic stages, and from any inflammatory symp. tomes. This treatment is based on the pathology of consumption, as tlio generic name for disease. Under the name of consumption are in. eluded that variety of diseases of the lungs attended with ^expectoration of purulent matter from tho breathing surface of the lnn*a k iiAnivAAfA/1 tuith omnpiotinn hrr?hr* luugO| v^uMMvy^u nivu tiwuv fever, and its concomitants, night sweats, colliquative diarrhoea, <3tc. All the forms of consumption act on the general henith front one Common cause?the presence of matter acting upon absorbing surfaces, and thus producing those symptoms known as hectic fever. It is the presence and violence of this symptom of consumption that prostrates the patient, until it more or less slowly ends in death. It is the consequence of this hectio fever, and not the immediate disease Of the lungs causing it, that forms the source of fatality from consumption. The treatment 1 now, with reluctant diffidence, submit, I have successfully used for more than 12 years, nnd dnring this period of medical psactice, I am not aware of hav. ing lost more than four or five patients from all' the various forms of consumption, arid Ifcese were mostly passed to that stage of disease where the structure of the lungs had become so oxtensively diseased as to preclude tho use of more than palliative treatmenu ~ Cases of chronic brochitis were, in ...AMf ? 1 L.. *4 A**AM lldion tKo cvcijf iuguiuv;C) curt'U uy a viuii whvii ??*v purulent expectoration amounted to pints daily, with hectic fever, diarrhoea, cold sweats and entire physical prostration. The treatment is the administration of sulphate of copper in nauseating doses, combined with gumammoniac, given so as to nauseate, but not ordinarily to produce full vomiting; the usual dose for this pur. pose is about half a grain, and five grains of the respective ingredients,* in a teaspoonful of water, to be taken at first twice, and in the convelescent state once a day. In cases of chronic bfochitis a gargle of the sulphate of copper alono is superadded. In this latter form of consumption this treatment almost invariably suspends the hec. tic symptom in a few days, and the uisease rapidly advances to its final cure. In cases of the more proper forms of con. sumption the treatment must be intermitted frequently and again returned to; ahd whenever soreness of the chest, or other symptoms of inflamatory action exist, the treat, ment should so suspended, as it is in the ceronic state alone that the remedy is indicated or useful?that state in which the condition of the general system as sympathetically involved becomes tbe more prominent symptom, and the success of the treat, ment depends chiefly upon the breaking- up of this aympntheftc Sdfio'ri oT the diseased * y ? - ? r r**1 i ling, on the more healthy tone of the stom. ich, and increasing itsdigestivepowers, and ikfwise causing, during nauseating action t more active and healthy circulat on of ilood through the lungs. Its curative powrs are more immediately atiributablo to h".se cff rts ofits action. Bu^hcory opart, iie treatment is presented based on more h in ten years' experience of its curative idvantages, in the prop r ireatovnt of mucopurulent and purulent expectoration. Having left a profession tint more n? arly han any other approaches the pure duties >f humani y, but which has nearly ceaspd n this country to be honorable or profitable, have lit le motive in exposing myself to hat certain rdicule that follows the annuniution that consumption may be cured, but lie assurance of prac ionl exp"nen< e,'and he desire of making public a nieans ofsav i ng life, in one ofits most frequent and unvelcoine vises. EDW. C. COOPER, M. D. i To the Cotton Planters. Merchants, Factors, and Presidents and Directors of the several Banks of the Southern States r eiltCCLAB. Fellow Citizens .'?Interested like ytftti"* iclvee, in the cultivation and disposal of the p*eat staple of American agriculture and comnerce, we have accidentally met in this city, n the midst of a crisis which discloses some strikingly momentous features in the history A this most important branch of the trade of >ur country. When the Cotton Crop of the United States ?ac a mnre* item in its trade, and did not reach i production exceeding five hundred thousand tales, it was perhaps safe to consider it as one imong many articles of barter and exchange, which, left entirely to the fortuitous circum- , stances of commerce, would find its level un ler the influence of the ordinary laws of trade, without the necessity of resorting to any means of precautionary protection. Time*, however, have changed. Cotton lias passed from the condition of a mere article )f commerce, to the performance of the mighty function of being in a great degree the regulator of the exchanges, and the standard of value of our country. If the nature of this material forbids its entering into our cir:ulation, it is scarcely less tne b. sis of our :urrency, than the precious metals; for the Suctuations in its price are felt wit * a *ensi~ bility equally as acute and searching, as any af thoso variations which be ong to the demand and supply of these sensitive and mysterious tokens of nation*! value. The production of this staple, has now be. rorae so imraonee, that it behooves tho*e who produce it by a large investment of capi'al at a high rate of incidental cost, and in a climate perilous to human health, to consider well, whe her there are not some material circumBtancf s in reference to the mode in which this product of their labor is shipped from this countiy, and is brought to market at tho point of i's final 6alo and consumption, which demand the application of a prompt and effective remedy. In one word, is not the important fact disclosed, that such is the unwieldJy amount of this great staple of Southern industry, that it cannot be sent forward and disposed of at fair remunerating prices, through the ordinary medium of the mercantile establish-* ments of this country and in Europe, without the diract cooperation of our banking institu** tiens 1 If we have become satisfied of this fact, ought we Dot to organize a system, which shall give perfect security to this great interest in the commerce and finances of our country ? The unwise and ruinous system of sending tho crop forward to houses ofcircumscribed means, on the other side of the water* who are incapable of holding their consignments an hour beyond the maturity of the bills drawn 4gatn*t such yhipfnents, au'*ject in f tct,'nomrly the whole amount of American interest to foreign combination, which might act, not only with entire concert, but with a perfect knowledge of the period, when from the maturity of the acceptances in question, property to a stupendous amount belonging to this country, may be ready for sacrifice. The great and vital change which must be operated, is to sustain American interests, by American cred t. To realize pt home, the resources necessary for the protection of our property abroad without the necessity of large and inconvenient drafts on. the capital and means of our great customer. In other words ?"?"'"">iil rnfnrm wa HosirP. is m send IdC WUIIIIIIViVHM ?? w *v w our great staple to market, without the period being determined by the date of a Dili of Exchange, when it is to be brought forward for absolute arid unnecessary sacrifice. We believe that the steadiness in price, which would result from a portion, at least, of the Cotton crop being exempt from the disastrous fluctuations arising from compulsory sales, would in the end, be scarcely less valuable to the spinner and consumer in England, than to the grower and shipper here. A fact, which we think demonstrable from the following postulates, which we consider altogether self-evident: 1. The natural price of Cotton is the effect of the fair and natural influence of supply and demand. , ; 5 . 2. The price cannot be steady, and the article cannot be current, so as to admit of safe calculations on the part of the planters, the manufacturer and the merchant, unless the price bo natural. It is consequently the interest of these three classes, that the article should be protected, on the one hand from any great and undue speculative action, which might inflate prices above the natural rate? and on the other, f-om any derangement in the ftinh-u market, or anv other accidental cause. which might d press it below that rate. The effect of great and undue speculation being to derange th * money market, and to produce reaction, with an undue depression of prices. 3. The state of the currency inamly depends on the means which the country posses. seSj to pay it* foreign debt, by shipmeuta of its produce. To the extent its produce or manufacture falls short of that object, exports of specie may be induced, the effect of which must be a reduction of the circulation, with depreciation of property and general distress. 4. Cotton, in this country, being by far the most important produce, and affording the great means of paying its foreign debt, it is the interest of the commnnity, and particularly of the monied inst tutions, that he price of it in England, (the great market,} should be steady and that the article should be of current 6ale, so as to be the means of large arid effective remittance, t fullowsi that the interest of the banking institutions here, are the same as the three classes first mentioned, namely, that the price should be nutural, that it may be steady, and of easy realization. 5. The interest of the British Government, of the Bank of England, and of the banks of that country in respect tothis article, are the same as the interests of the hanks here. The importation there being immense, and the employment of a most norrerous body of the laboring classes, depeningon the steadiness of prices. When they are not steady?the foreign demand for manufacturad co'ton is reduced greatly, the operatives are thrown out of employment, and tho great means of sett!ing the balance of trade, without the exportation of the precious metals are withdrawn.? Manufactured cottons affording by far, the most important branch of their export"trade. 6. Consequenly, any arrangement that could be formed, by' which the article jrould be protected from the effects of undue specus lation, and from depression in the money market, and by which steadiness of 'price, with currency of sale, woald be. promoted?would save some of the greatest anil best interests in both countries. 7. It is therefore proposed to form a system by which, with the commencempnt of the new crop, advances on Co ton eball be made with the capita! or credit of Banks here, thereby rq. 1 lieving the consignee in Europe from ail career consideration; except the advantageous-B ile of his stoctT, which would promote all these inter- . ests, And afford general satisfaction on both sides of the water, provided it were not mace the means directly or indirectly, of undue speculation or monopoly... Having thus indicated the m'nciples on which th? proposed system must find m jjwti.* fication and basis, we win <u> sible,deta. 1 the means of eanyiog \Ve arc Tar from it!Mp?^J(Jfc)rerTwSatea hostility of the Bank ot England to American interests; on the contrary, it is one of the be. nevolent influences of commercial intercourse to promote peace and good wi.l among .nations and men. Hence this great engine of the Commercial grandeur and opulence of Great Britain, acting wider an enlighteziCd instinct,* must rather desire that its beet customer should I at aii times be in a conditions meet tie? engagements with entire punctuality and suc<* ceag. Bat thcrp are epochs in the cdmfncrcc of Eng. land, whether from insufficient harvests, a lan* guid dcmaad for her manufacturers, or political combinations, when the bank may from aa.ott cent policy limit her discount*, anfi increase her rate of interest. This event' can Diver occur, withbat its having a blighting ittfloCnce 'bn Ony surplus of our great staple which, might be Do* sold in England Surely if the Bank of England can exercise unavoidably an influence thus pre* judicial, we may resort to our own -AmcnCau banks, as a means of security and protection,without the invidious clamor'of combinatlohund monopoly. It is time that the absurd add sense* leas cry on the subject of banks nuking advances on cotton should be understood,_aml finally put down. The truth is that by the mere purchase of the foreign exchanges of the country, they ad. vance en nearly every bale'df CoKon subject'to foreign expert, and this without the security of the bill of lading and pokey of insurance,. on- th a mere personal responsibUity of the drawers and endorses ofthe bill. Hence thc? !ossbib"4afd most comprehensive, and disastrous after 0VfefV co nmercial crisis and revnUaon."/ *' "* *J l *;: Now we propose giving to the banks in all capes the higher protection of these securities, and that early next autumn, one or more banks in each ofthe great -commercial' cbttop ma rfcet*1 of the South should commence making advances on the crop, tree rding to a scale to be graduated by what will be a safe calculation of its probably amount, assuming 12 ^.2. cents at home to be about the fair natural average and temtlnf ating price of this staple, oh a product *>f sliteen win* dred thousand bates, which is about as lar.w a return as the actual labor of the country now engaged in this branch of industry, is capablo of harvesting. The embarrassment of the Southwestern States havipg nreveqte<Hbe planters in these States from making any 'purchases of slaves front the Atlantic States,,during the last two years, whilst not loss than tea per cent, of the slave labor of the South has bien abstracted in the same period from the cultivation of cotton, and applied to the raising of provisions, and td the construction of those exclusive railroads now in progress throughout that portion of the Union. For these advances we propose that the banks should issue to the p anters, merchants, and factors ofthe country, on the production ofthe bill of lading, and the assignment'of the policy, of in. surance, post notes of such description, and pay* able a: such periods as a convention hereafter contemplated may suggest, notes which may bd made to answer both the purpose of currtmcy and exchange, the details of which *e refer td> that body By this arrangement, however, wo feel satisfied the credits cau bo so distributed that from the day ofthe shipmentpf our cotto it may probably be held at least six months m Europe, without the foreign consignee being under an ad* vance of one farthing, and we tHihk it quitb*a*y to confer on the k^ses to which ftbe-shtpptteotsare confided, sufficient tropgthlo enable,- them to hold over for cvon a longer period, safe rebiunerating prices not chtainod on the maturity at the bills. ~ ^0With tho view of securing this strength,' it is' indispenseb y neceesary, that the coneignhoenti should not be too much diffused,' trat^roofiaQd to, a limited number of houses in jLivorpool and Havra? who. acting as. the agepta of. all those who will come iuto this couservative systefri, will feel a common interest, and will ntturally aid and assist each other uhder all and evfery contingency* This fellow citiiens, is but the. brief outline of a great scheme, for the protection, of our, commerce, finance, and exchanges, the details which, must be left for profound deliberation and concerted action. To accomplish^ tbui' object, we hereby invite the planters, factors and cotton merchants of each oisfrict or coun? ty in the Southern Stater, and Territory of Florida, together -with the bank*. in eaoh of the Said States and Tei*itnQfr.,t# aynd delegates to meet us in convention at if aeon. Georgia, on the fourth Tuesday of October, next, which will be on the 22d day of that month, that we may carefully consider theJ important matters disclosed ui this lar. * ... . ? -I *u_ We invite a candid examinauua um whole scheme, for the protection, not alone of southern interests, but for the seH^ity: of the commerce of the whole country. : r: Let it at least bo tested by patient inresti^ gation, and enlightened research; if by this plan ono third of the entire cotton crop of the country can be placed beyond the possibility of sacrifice, it will give security to tht r&idne' , not by entrenching it behind' the- speculative monopoly, but by holding it in that of security which the just relations of supply anjl demand , will always in the long run, establish a$d eus. tain in the tra ie ol a great anu civiuieu unw< try- . .;. That no tirtie may be lost, we beg leave to apprise you that an agent, having our- confidence, will leave thie shortly for EnropV clothed with ample instructions to make such preliminary arrangements with the houses in' Liverpool and Havre, which may, by the sanction of t\e convention, have the proposed consignments. . .. We are aware of the very potent opposition, which a plan looking even to self-defence, must invite both at home and abroad, aS it runs counter, to a variety ofinterests, too powerful, and too susceptible of combination, not to be aroueed into active and perhaps inexorable hostility. If <?ur apology fe not to be found it* ' the pie a, that we fiavo 9 right tor hold our own property by the means of the credit of our own country, then we feariessly say, we mean to attempt it in despite of any opposition however , eager and implacable.