Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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HER A W . G AZETTE PEE DEE FARMER. rivj,17,lx liliiiiic jurr "q iqo" ' number xxxiii. EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. TERMS: If paid within throo months, . - 3 00 It paid within three months after the close of the year, . 3 50 If paid within twelve months after the 0I080 of the year 4 00 If not paid within that time, . 5 00 A company often persons taking the paper at the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at >$25 provided the names be forwarded together, and accompanied by the money. ; No paper to be discontinued but at the option oftho editor till arrearages are paid. Advertisements not exceeding sixteen lines, inserted for one dollar the first time, and fifty cents, each subsequent insertion Persons sending in advertisements are request, eu wo specify the number of times they are to be iuar-ted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered oat, and charged accordingly. 0*Tho Postage must be paid on all communications. From the New York Sun. We observe with astonishment and regret, the conclusive evidence which appears in every direction, that the business of Agriculture does not receive the attention due to it in this country, but is treated with absolute neglect, compared with other pursuits? This ought not to be, and the inhabitants of this country will yet learn, that they have committed a gross error by abandoning the cmtivation of the 6oiI for less independent and more precarious modes of obtaining a livelihood. wun over hpard of such a state of f f iiv I4MW %T V* things as now exists here? We have a soil as fertile as any that the sun ever shone upon, a country almost boundless in extent and so cheap, that any roan may purchase a farm with the proceeds of a few months labor, yet we are actually importing for consumption, immense quantities of agricuitaral products from foreign countries A pecple, thinly scattered over a land unequalled in fertility, and exh&ostkss in its resources, are buying their bread, at enormous prices, from countries so overburthened wito inhabitants, that political economists have feared thit the earth wouid fail to produce sufficient to support hem. Such an extraordinary and unnatural circum** stance should excite attention, and awaken the inquiry as to its cause. The fault, as we have seen, is not in the soil, nor is the country overrun with inhabitants. It is, therefore, evident that the cultivation of the coil is neglected, otherwise we should be exporting instead of importing agricultural products, but it is easier to show the fact, that agriculture is neglected, than to find a sufficiant reason for such i eglect. We ap?J that it will ha found f0 pi^ucuui uvnvivt| spring, in a great measure, irom the 6amc causes which have produced much evil in this country, and the bitter fruits of which we are now reaping. The first and chief of these causes, is the inordinate thirst for wealth which pervades every class of society, and induces men to abandon their legitimate business to engage in some wild, hazardous speculation, in the hope of becom.ng suddenly rich. It is also too often the case that the farmer becomes tired of the moderate and gradual accumulation of property by the products of his land, and leaves the cultivation of it to engage in the business of commerce or manufactures. He finds out his egregious mistake when it is too late. The property he had accumulated is often squandered and lost in consequence of his ignorance of new business, and he again sighs for the cheer ul and independent mode ofHie which he has abandoned, when it is out of bis power to resume it. We have in our mind numberless instancss of this kind, where industrious and prosperous farmers have been lured to their ruin, by being induced to lay aside the implements of husbandry, and engage in the* universal scramble after midden wealth. There is another great error prevalent upon this subject, and that Is, the business of agri jmiImita in cr#n?rallv looked upon as less respec v y table than that of commerce, manufactures, or the professions; and wealthy farmers, instead of teaching their sons their own business, most usually transform them into merchants, lawyers, doctors, or dominees. This is all wrong. Agriculture is the very back-bone of all business, the main-spring of all wealth, and should be regarded as a profession of the highest re? spectability. It gives those engaged in it a feeling of ir:dependence, genuine nobleness, without ostentation, honor, honesty and firmness, well calculated to perpetuate ?he free institutions of our happy country. The truth of the eloquent panegyrics of the ancients upon this employment may be more easily realized here than in any other country upon earth.? We confidently hope to see public opinion speedily righting itself upon this subject, and to find people seeking their permanent interests, and advancing the prosperity and glory of our wide domain, by engag ng more generally in this healthful, honest and independent business. -4 ? From the Farmer's Cabinet. EARTHS AND SOILS. In the investigation of agricultural sub IJ jects, it is necessary that we snouiu as cwrrectly as possible, distinguish earths and soils, and their varieties. The earths important to agriculture, and A'hich form nearly the whole surface of the globe, capable of producing vegetation, are only four, viz: silicious, aluminous, calcareous, and mag. nesian. As a full description of all the distinctive characters of these earths could not be embraced within the compass of my contemplated communication, I shall merely mention a few, by which may be understood tite effects they necessarily produce in forming a compound best calculated to promote ve. getation. Silicious enrth exiss in the state of sand. It is composed of very hard particles, which cannot be m ?de coherent by mixing with water. The solidity of particles of sand renders them impenetrable to water, and their loose arrangement make sand incaparble of retaining water. It is also quickly heated by the sun, which adds to the rapidity vi'h which it lesos Aluminous earth, [clay] when dry, ad. i s heres to the tongue, absorbs water rapidly t< and abundantly, and when wet, forms a * tough paste, smooth and soapy to the touch, tl By burning, it becomes very ha.d ; when d drying, aluminous earth shrinks greatly, it p becomes a mass of hard lumps, separated c by cracks and fissures, winch become so p many lit le reservoirs of standing water c when fi led by rains, and remarn so wjien it the lumps, by slowly imbibing the water, s are distended enough to fill the space oc- s< cupied before. d Calcareous earth, or carbonate of lime, c is calcareous earth combined with carbonic c acid, and may be converted into quick a lime by heat. Lime is soluble in acids; c during the solution the carbonic acid es. capes effervescence. In this manner, the a carbonate of lime, or calcareous earth, may d not be easily distinguished from silicious a and aluminous earths, but from all other it combinations of lime. Magnesia earth, like lime, is usually found in combination with carbonic acid; but even in this, its natural state, it exists in such very small tj quantities in soils, and i9 found so rarely* q that its name is a useless addition to the b lists of the earths of agriculture. u All the earths individually, when as pure n as they are ever furnished by nature, ore ? entirely barren, nor would any addition of p putrescent manures, enable either of the ? earths to support healthy vegetable life.? j, The mixture of the three earths, in due pro. c portion, will correct the defects of all, and with a sufficiency of animal or vegetable j, matter a soil is formed. Such is the natural |j surface of almost all the inhabitable world, B and though the qualities and value of soils, 0 are as various as the proportions of their f ingredients, yet they are mostly so consti- e tuted, that no one earthy ingredient is so ti abundant but that the texture of the soil is H mechanically suited to the production oi c some valuable crop. Some plan's require r a degree of closeness, and others of open- j, ness in the soil, which would cause other plants to decline or parish. As the qualities ( and value of soils depend on the proportions of their ingredients, and the grand desideratum in agriculture, is to obtain a mixture of the earths, best calculated to produce variety of the most valuable crops, we can ( satisfuctorially comprehend in what manner I r I that object may be obtained. Silicious and t aluminous earths, by their mixture, servo to t cure tlie defects of each other. The open, loose, thirsty and hot nature of sand, being corrected by and correcting in turn the close adhesive nud wet qualities of aluminous c earth. This curative opperation, however, is merely mechanical, and it seems proba. ' bio that calcareous earth, when tn large pro- i portion, also aids the corrective power of the other earths. In uddition also to the , mechanical effects of calcareous earth, it . possesses chymical powers more effectual j in altering the texture of soils, and for which a comparatively small quantity is sufficient. . The chemical action of calcareous |earth, as . an ingredient of soils, will bo particularly , noticed hereafter, when we come ?o the consideration of the food of ulants. From what lias been said, it would appear reasonable to class and name soils accord.ng 'o their predominant earthy ingredients, which ex . ert the greatest power, and most strongly , mark the character ol the soil. The predominant ingredient is not always the most . J abundant. If the most abundant was considered the predominant ingredient, and gave its name to the soil, then almost every one should be called silicious, as that earth is seldom equalled in quantity, by all the others united. It the earthy parts of a soil were two-thirds silicious, and one-third aluminous earth, the peculiar qualities of the smaller ingredient would predominate over the opposing qualities of the sand, and the mixture would be a tenacious clay. If the same soil had contained only one-twentieth part of calcareous earth, that ingredient would have had more marked effects on the soil, than could h ive been produced by either doubling or diminishing to half their quantity, the silicious and aluminous earths which formed the great bulk of the soil.? But everv farmer can rcadilv discover what w V are the most marked good or bad qualities of his soil, as evinced under tillage, and i those qualities can be easily traced to their s predominant ingredients. A silicious, or a sandy soil, has such a proportion of silicious f earth as to show more of its peculiar pro- t perties than of any other ingredient. It c j would be, more or less, objectionable for its s I looseness, h*at or want of power to retain v moisture, and; not for toughness, liability to become hard after wet ploughing, or any other quality of aluminous earth. In like manner an aluminous, or clayey soil, would show strongly the faults of aluminous earth, though more than half its bulk might be of silicious earth. Hence every farmer can readily judge of the perfection and of the defects of his soil, which, from a knowledge of the distinctive properties of the earths, he will be enabled to correct by the addition and mechanical mixture of such earto as may appear to be deficient, thereby produce a soil, the best calculated to promote the ; growth and perfecion of vegetation. josf:ph cloud. (? CLAY. As the beneficial cflf cts of clay on light ; and sandy soils is so generally understood | and acknowledged, we are surprised that it j is no: more extensively used in ameliorating | : the condi.ion of soils of this nature. A 1 , gentleman of this town informs us that in*' i many cases he considers clay altogether 1 : preferable to manure, from his own cxper- J1 ] tin "*r fiv~- VOC!"3 ' ince, he had carted on to a lot of small ex. ?nt a considerable quantity of clay, which ras spread over the surface to the depth oi iree or four inches. This was left unti ry, when it was rolled ; the lot was then lanted with potatoes, which yielded a greai rop. The succeeding year the lot wai loughed, and seeded down with hemp ; the rop that followed was the heaviest raisec i this county that year. In the fall of the amo year, the 'ot was again ploughed, anc eeded down with wheat, of which it prouced an extraordinary crop. This whea rop brought the highest premium in this ommonweal'b. The land has been liber 11? J AiriAA UIAI/IAJ ffPAQ uy incuiuieu, uuu ut? wuvg jmuvu %?"?? rops of bay. Id this ease there b 8 beer vidently a great improvement of the soil nd similar treatment of light soils woulc oubdess be followed by similar effects. Il re were a farmer, we think we should tr; ?Greenfield Gazette, TILLING THE EARTH. In tilling the earth, some people go upor he same principle that regulates their busi es9 intercourse with men. They mus e sure to get the advantage of the trade nd if this cannot be secured without, the) fiust cheat and deceive the person will rhom they deal. And they may think t( irac ice the same artifice upon old mothei virth. You will see them on their ground! i the spring as sly as dogs, apparentlj alculating that Earth has forgotton the ex< ousting crops that were taken from her th( astyear?perhaps they will give a[sprink ing of manure, and throw it on so as tc nake the Earth think there is a noble lo if it. Well, they go to work?But th< Carth won't be cheated. She will rewan very man according to his works, and .Ul he truth in the autumn. You cannot get th< dvaniage of her. as you can with humat ustomers. Treat her well, and she wil eward your expenditures and toil; but at empt to cheat her, and she will make yoi orry for it when harvest comes.?Par Cabinet. From the Augusta Chronicle & Sentinel. THE SILK CULTURE IN GEORGIA, We had intended to have said somethinj n favor of the cultivation of silk, and its im nense importance to the Southern Statesman! o Georgia in particular, but we find an edi orial article in the Macon Telegraph, whicl ?o fully expresses out views upon the gen :ral question, that we copyhand adopt th< lentimcnu asour own. We shall confint turselves at present to a brief notice of th< trogress of this business in and about ou :ity, so far as it has come under our obser 'ation. ^ A great number of persons in this cit; tnd its immediate vicinity have planted thi VI or us Multicaulis to a greater or lesss ex ent; some for the purpose of speculatioi n the trees alone, but the larger portion, w jelieve, with a view to make experiment n the production of Silk. Some aro si ally satisfied as to the ultimate success c he business, that they have embarked in i vith the same feelings that a planter pur :h tses lands and negroes for the purpose c 'aising co ton. Among those who em jarked largely in it we may name Messrs Sheeny & Hutchinson, as the largest plan ers of the Morus Multicaulis. Mr. Cheen1 - ... . evil, r? : s the editor of tlie "American oiir vjrowur Published in Philadelphia; is intimately ac juainted with the whole business so far a t has progressed in America, and after ex imining a number of sections of the Union iecided upon this as the most propitiou or investing money in the culture of silk This firm has fitted up a cocoonery in hand iomo and convenient style, and are no? eeding about 100,000 worms. Mr. Shaw i gentleman of character and intelligenci rom Massachusetts, has become interestei vlth Messrs. Cheeny & Hutchinson and su lerintends tho cocoonery. They havi hus far used only the common white mul. >t rry, in feeding, their muiticaulis not beinf efficiently advanced to use the leaves fron t. Messrs. Plant & Mifflin have an extensiv< :ocoonery fitted up on the corner of Greet md Campbell streets. They are not nea o largo planters of the Morus Mulficaulii is the firm above alluded to, but hey havt ar exceeded any others in this vicinity it he number of worms fed this season. Indud ing those now on hand, they have fed tbout 300,009 worms, and have alreadj veighed forty pounds of cocoons. Tb< vhite mulberry alone was used at this co. :oonery for some time, but they are now ising the leaf of the Morus Multicaulis vhich but a short experience satisfies then s infinitely preferable to the other, not onlj jccause it is easier raised, but because it i; oore sp-edily gathered and far more nutri ious, the worms actually abandoning th< White Mulberry to feed upon it, A largt plant.ty of their worms, now feeding, an >f the second crop of this season, and in otn week from this time they will have cocoon :>f the second crop of this season, which i earlier than the firs; feeding generally com mences in the Northern States? Thei ' - ^ - .-AO/I kll thi 2 \ peci 10 raise jive successive cruj/a uj * middle of November r This they will b enabled to do from tho Mul icaulis leave from the cuttings planted this year. Thefi' facts speak volumes in favor of the superi ority of tiie Sou'h over the North for th pros'-cution of this business. Messrs. P & M. have furnished us with many impor tant hints gathered from their short experi encein the business which we cannot con Jen53 in these remarks. P* Osborne, his also erected n cocoor . ery in the immediate neighborhood of thij i city, upon an extensive and excellent plan f and has also planted largely of the Morus I Multicaulis. He expects to feed this sea t son from 150 to 200,000 worms, chieflj t upon multicaulis leaves raised from cutting! i planted this spring. > Mr. J. Sibley has established a cocoonerj I in the upper end of the city in the immedi ' ate vicinity of his multicaulis fields, and in I tends to experiment on a large scale in th< business of producing silk, Mr. S. is ai t axtensive planter of the multicaulis. * In addition to those we have mentioned * there are a great many others who havi 1 fed and are feediog smaller quantities o > irqrms, from one to forty thousand. Th< ? experience of all those who operate upoi I a large or small scale is universally thi same, (viz) that silk is easily, and cheap!; r produced, with but little trouble and il abundant quantities. From the Same. > I was induced on Wednesday last, to pa; a visit *o the Hampton Race Course, to sei t the operation of a machine invented by Mr ; Gay, for reeling silk from the cocoon: r and twisting it for sewing, and warp and fil 1 ling for all the varieties of manufacture! > goods, and was surprised and gratified t< r find so many persons, especially Ladie i presnn', in spite of the beat of the day.? J The machinery seemed to give universa satisfaction : for my own part, I was mud ; astonished at the rapidity and correctness o the work, having always understood it to b > a slow and difficult process, but found to m; t gratification that the manufacture of silk b; J Mr. Gay's machine is much more simpl 1 than that of cotton, he having so simplifiei I the machineiy that it can all be opera a ted by children and females. Mr. Gay* i manner ot reeling on spools from the cocoo 1 is a decided improvement on the old princi pie of reeling in skein9, for by the Peid J montess, and otherreels, the silk was fin t?* ?U/* npf/ieen/-? | 111 SKCinS WII1CII liau IU uc uauaibiibv i I spools before it cojld be manufaciuredwliilst by Mr. G ?/s plan of reeling the f bres being wound cn the spool in one con tinued thread on an even surface, can b % unwound ns easily as a ball of yarn or spot efcotton, it also saves one complete sett ( j machinery (which is expensive) for takin the silk from the skin to the spool, and ( h colirse a set of hands to operate the ma . chine. Mr Gay has also an improvemer i in spinning, which consists in delivering tli s silk from the spool to the spindle for twis 3 ting, without the possibility of chafting th r thread or injuring the gluen, which ha . been the graud desideratum so long sougl for. ci vi*. P i s 1 from the Macon Telegraph. THE SILK BUSINESS. a 44 The Georgians are pushing the Silk cu o ture Tn a way that ought to cxcae emuhtic s every where." 0 So says Poulson's Philadelphia Daily A< ?f vertiser, and so will say every man of con 1 mon sense. Still, some captious cynic - near home, repeat the sale echo of44 Mori f Multicaulis Mania pro ounce the Sil - business a humbug ; and abuse our L"gu i. lature for offering th Silk ounty, [viz: 5 - cents a pound for cocoons, and 10 cents p pound for reeled silk?see copy of the la' " in this Telegraph.] Now we look upo that law, as among the best of the few usefi s ones passed by our Legislature, for the lai 20 years?and the SIt.K BUSINESS nc i, as a humbug, or a mania, * fever, that tvi s take its course, tnen, iermmmc in u wptuu . evacuatioa of bile!?but as the beginning r . a new and permanent branch of Agriculture f that will advance the prosperity of on , country, and benefit the human race. 3 Hundreds about here have commence i rearing the Multicaulis in a small way; an . a few have gone more largely into the busi 3 ness. Probably within two miles of thi .. place, are several hundred thousand Chi r nese mulberry trees. These trees will be ft l sale, if a market offers for them?if not th proprieiors are prepared to raise cocoon , from their leaves. Several pretty handsom ^ cocooneries are already in existence in on r neighborhood?and a plenty of silk.worr 5 eggs, at reasonable prices, for those wh 3 wisi to procure them. ] From the American Farmer. MfTT Tir ATTT.TS. I 41U1VV *9 M V U??WMV r Many inquiries have been addressed t 5 us, as Editor of the Journal of the Amet . can Silk Society, in regird to the piescc / asking, and probable selling price of th , mulberry tree next autumn. It is exactl i that sort of question which we cannot undei f take to answer, for the best of all reason s ?tlurre is no basis to go upon ; it's all . lottery. Take one view and wo shoul ? think they might not exceed 25 cents?the l regard the matter in another, and to all ap 3 pearance equally well grounded point c g view, and there seems to be no reason wh 9 they should not be at least as high as the s have been the season just passed. Wi . any one supply us witn some jaus iu g f upon ? There can be no doubt that th 9 public, and especially those who have a e interest in keeping up the value of tree s have been quite sensible of the important e of making silk. The experiments, if a i- that have been made and are makiug, i o that way, could be collected iu one viev would we are sure, far, very far, excec the general belief?and as far as we ca i. judge, these experiments promiso the mo i- favourable results. On the other hand, cannot be denied that of the numbet plat i. ted, a very large proportion have perinhe 3 so that we think it may be averred, that , not more than half the number will be ?n s market, in proportion to ihe number planted, that there was last year. There are three letters before us, from ! which we make extracts. They are from writers known to us as gentleman ofveracity. f One is dated Savannah, June 5: "The crops at the south have in a great * degree failed. I do not think that in V?r. " ginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, there will be one-fourth the quantity I raised that was anticipated, on the account g of the great drought. It not having rained p of any consequence in Georgia for several iL. lliA a mourns, meireps utxvts tunic up *?-, y uquit, 3 and many that hatfe come up, arc now dy. 3 ing from that cause; indeed, in manv cases, ^ not one in fifty have grown, A person 3 stated to me to-day, he planted 30,000 buds, and would not have more than 1600 trees. 1 think if they do not get completely discouraged this season, that the pro9. pect is good for their maintaining the prices B of last fall. "Trees are held here at 50 cents for the s growing crop, and fpw are willing to make . sales at that price." ^ Another at Garmantown, May 30 : 3 "Contracts are being made, to a vrrv 3 limited extent, however, in Philadelphia, at - 20 a 25 rents; but the producers held out tl for an advance. At Burlington they fully h calculate on from 40 to 50 cents ; and some f heavy contracts have, I learn, been made e at 40." Y And a third at Germantown, 7th June, ^ The writer says i "frees are now worth 40 to 50 cents on fall contracts. K. S. [well known to the Editor as a gentleman of the highest respec9 tability] told me to-day, that he had refused . S3 cents, and said he would not take 50." !* We have orders to sell a large number, but the growers hav not named their price. ,l Buvers and sellers fight so shyly that they 0 can't be brought within striking distance of T each other. Our own opinion is, that the l" demand another year in Mississippi and Louisiana, from their peculiar fimess to the growth of the tree and the worm, will be im 'j. men sc. This morning we had nn interview with a jf gentleman from Natchez, who expressed the belief, that if reliance can be had on jt one half of what has been said on the e increase nnd the profits of Silk eulturp, the business would be in a few years veiy ex f, suKsMtut"A far no-* ion. One reason s he g ves is a f?ct of which he had before lt heard and some hing Sftn, that thecottonup. lands of Mississippi, are rnpdly waring out and washing awav; and the planters settling with theii soil,on the river-bottoms. In a few years from this, if the introduction of silk ]. does n<>t arrest t is course of thing?, instead >n of buying lands on the Mississippi at enor. mous prices, when once in motion they wit; j. not bring up short of Texas. i. ( f the clima'e nnd resources of thai ;s country, we shall avail ourselves of some " _ , is peru I,ir racurrips IO spens moru tti I k regarding its inde >ond''nce ns established, j and its advantages ns attractive beyond any 0 portion of the world for those who have a command of, and rely upon slave labour, w The following from the Richmond En. n quirer, may bo esteemed one of the most ii pregnant signs that the silk business, as a st business, is about to b*> established on a firm >t and extensive basis in the United States : " Tie Silk Culture.?Mr. Morris Pollock, ' * 'he enterprizing Throwster of Glasgow, has ^ arrived in the Great Western, and has pro. J? ceeded to Pittsylvania county, in this Stnt<j, lr where he proposes to est. bhsh a large Mulberry plantaiion, a Cocoonery, and a Fila. ? tore for reeling the Silk. He has availed ^ himself of the Act of Assembly of 1833. !* and has already become a quasi ciiiz'*n of IS the State for the purpose of holding lands. We had the pleasure of witnessing an in'r teresting ?n erview on Friday evening bee tween Mr. Pollock and Mr. D'Homergue. lS They agree as to their views ot the best man. 0 ner of conducting the Silk business in the lr United States. They think, that Virginia n is calculated to be a great Silk State, but 0 that she ought to confine herself at present to the nising of the Mulberry, and the worm, and of reeling the Silk from the Co. coons?and that it is probably best to establish large Filatures, which will furnish a o market for the Cocoons, and supersede the " n i. - i i. necessity of eacn smk. oununsi uuvuig it of his own?and that it is better for us to e exp- rt the raw silk, to be manufactured in y Europe?Mr. Pollock seems to possess grea. knowledge of his subject; and to is show the most liberal disposition to coma municate it to others, and to encourage the d enterprise in this State. He was. much n surprised by the accounts that were given him of the active and prolific qualities of >f tho Morus Mul icauiis. He hus brought y out with him a quantity of the white Italian v Mulberry; and presumed, that he could not il get his cocoonery in operation before the o third year?but the character of the muhie caulis will enable him to go to work much n sooner. Mr. D'Homergue has also great 3. experience in the business. lie is a deci:e ded enthusiast; but at the same lime pruilj dent and considerate. From tho elements ?- l- r.? n of calculation, witn wnicn no luruiaucu u* v, on Friday, it appears that, barring all acci. d dents, and with cocooneries economically n built and properly conducted, each acre of st ground will produce a nctt profit of at least it $200. In fact, ho contends that it will be j. a mere profitable business than raising tod, baccco in Virginia, ard cotton in the South. DESTROYING BRIARS. The following communication, though from a young farmer, is not the less accep. table on that account, and particularly a* the mode so well described, of destroying a most troublesome pest, is drawn from ttie successful practice of older farmers and at* tes:ed by his own. Deer-Wood, Scott co , March 0,1830. To the Editor of the Frank/in Farmer; Dear Sir I cannot estimate the good result of your paper among the farmers generally, and especially to young begin* ners like rayseif. In the 2&h No. of 0d Vol. 1 see an article from Cato, requesting information of ttttae old and experienced farmers as to the best method of destroying briars. You know, Mr. Editor, I must fall short of that description of personage, but not having seen the subject taken up by an abler hand, 1 will venture a few remarks subject to your abridgment or modification (if you shall think them worthy) which I, in my endeavors to become a good and t c I I i? practical farmer, nave gained from men ol experience. I have known largo patches of br ars (and farms that were almost unbroken patches of briars,) effectually destroyed in the following manner. Cut them down at the dark of the moon in August two years in succession. One year will answer in a pus ure well stocked. It would be well to put the laud in some kind of grass at this time, as it appears almost an impossi. btlity to kill them so long as the roots are broken and disturbed by a plough. They should be piled wi.h a pitchfork and burned after cutting, as you would find it rather a I serous job the next year, cutting among the old ones left on the ground. My own experience does not permit me to 9ay, whether any other time in August would not do as well as the dark of the moon. The abort time I have been farming I have adhered entirely to these rules and 'hey are the only effeetual ones, 1 ever have heard of. The best instrument for cutting them is a briar scythe. One who understands cutting with them will cut off sprouts half as large as a man's wrist. In a fence comer or such pi ice as they may not be got at easily with a scythe, take a hemp knife or hoe; possibly one who cannot use a scythe well might find it advantageous to adopt tb* hemp knife. I use the latter myself, not bein / able ro handle the former. There is considerable slight in the use of both instruments. The edges should be turned op so as cut the stubble slanting towards you.? It is besi not to be too timid of getting a litla scratch. 8. Y. K. MILKING. In the morning the cows should bo driven gently two or three times round the yard before milking; they will yield more for tbe I exercise. We have seldom hired a good milker. Females are better than men, | they have more patience. A good milker will obtain at least one quarter more cream f than one that milks slowly. We have often t proved this ; we hired one summer a man from New Hampshire who had managed a. farm several years. He was clever but fefetremely moderate ; we then hnd four fwwe * in milk, and discovered that our slow milker was fast drying up our cows : we conchi. d<>d to give him our aid and let him. milk only two ; on the first tnal he obtained the same quantity that we did. In one week we obtained one quart more than he at a milking; he said his cowg were not equal to ours; we then shifted, and obtaioad, within nine days, more milk from h s cows than he did from ours. This was wholly to be ascribed to his moderate rn Iking, for he left none in the udder.?'Boston Cuhi. vatar. From the Albany Cultivator, ACCIDENTS TO HORSES. Rappahannock Co. Feb. 20, 1839. Mr. Editor?Sir : Having been a subscriber to your valuable paper for some months, I find that it is designed for general utility and the public good; therefore I desire to make known through that medium, an accident to whieh horses are liable, perhaps little known to the public. In the year 1618, 1 had a sick horse, and after using the usual remedies without rei:*.f no last altamalivA I fiipd | trkO for HCJf CiO 1J lb IQOb M<VV?MW?. , v . . ,L _ the purpose of tunning a mop down the"throat* for I believed the horse was partially choked. In this preparation* I accidentally discovered part of a corn cob tight across the roof of tbe mouth, which had prevented the passage of any food to the stomach, save the juice occasioned by mastication from repeated attempts to eat. The cob was removed by a smooth stick as large as a man's thumb, sufficiently long to extend into the roof of the mouth. I was then cautious not to let the animal eat much at a time, until it recovered. I have since relieved several horses from the same accident, and I have do doubt thousands of our most valuable animals have been lost from the same cause without ever knowing of what they died. I will here remark, that it is sometimes very difficult to find the piece of cob, and remove it after found, for it will become very ti^ht and nearly concealed by tho swelling and inflamation. I trust this will find a place in your pappr* which pay be of benefit to vopr numerous renders. Yours, &c. J no, 0. Bnowwufe. | To Salt Butter.?Beat well together in a * A a anr) 4 mortar, half a pound of common sun. uUU * oz, loaf sugar. To every pound of newly madr} butter (the milk being well drawn off by beating,) put an ounce of the mixed poir? der; incorporate it well and put the butter in pots for keeping. In about a month? * not before?it will be fit for use; and will continue for ten''' years as good as butter newly salted. Just try it.?Boston QuZti* valor. [*Ra?herfoo good.?Ed. Am. Farmrr.f