Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, June 07, 1839, Page 118, Image 2
cr than the surrounding a r ; nt least, mat!
it docs so in all storms wluch have been in- ;
vesicated, winch now amount to sixteen, \
besides stverai tornnuoes, in a,! en' which t
the trees were :!.rown w.th their tops in-,
wards.
From the pi :.;ei,...:s i.^re established uv j
experimeu:. and altera art's confirmed by ;
observation, it follows, that if a large body I
ofair is made to aseci.d in a column, a largo j
cloud will be generated, and that tnat cloud !
will contain in i'.seii, a sell-susta ning now- ,
cr, which may move from t! c place over
which it was formed, and cause the air over (
which it passes, to rise up into if, and thus
form more clouJ and rain, unlit the rain
may become general; for many storms
which commence in the West Indies, very j
narrow, arc known fo move from the place '
->rk??;rninn K.'vtuvil tliousaiiij miles, widen, j
?> . I
ing out and increasing in size, until iliey ,
feoome many hundred miles w ide " [See j
Red fie Id and Reid, and the reports of Joint;
omm't eo.J
If these principle? are just, i: will follow, j
when the air is in a favourable staie. that;
the bursting out of a volcano ought to pro-;
duce rain ; end such is known to be the
fact; and i have abundant documents in i
my possession to prove it.
So under very favourable circumstances'
the bursting out of great fires ought to produce
rain ; and I have many f<ets in my
possession tendering it high probable, i'
not certain, that great rains have sometimes I
been produced by gr< at fnes
It is a general opnion in parts of the j
country where gnat fires frequently take j
place, that those fires produce rain. Now)
this opinion could hardly have originated j
without some circumstances basides mere
Coincidence ntt n ling them, such as related
in the follow ing uccout;'. Mr. Dobn z.
hoiFr, a missionary to Paraguay, speaking
of t"P tall gr?ss and bulrushes or. fire,sns: !
" I mysel* have seen clouds and i ghtnuig j
1 1 Irnm " -tvi. l?o ?o il i _ fliii.fr n(t I
prouuct u HUUi ouiu*v| 41 i- in ^ *'*? ,
like a whirlwind ; so that th<? Indians are
not to blame for setting fire to t v plains in
order to produce rain, they lear, ed tliat the J
thicker smoke turns into clouds which poor (
forth water,"??<lccounJ of t!<e AHphones,'
vol. 3. p. 150.
Mr. Lapice, of "Louisiana, inform* d Dr. {
S. Calhoun, of this * i y,4* tnntihcconfl *gra. 1
tion of the long grass in the prairies of that!
State covers overs thing with i s cinders for
miles around, and that ram follows it shortly*
according io iminemot ial ohseivatiou in
that country.
* Very extensive fir* sin Nova Scot n,in
the woods are so generally lollowcd by \
heavy floods of ra.ns. that here is some
reason to believe tha' toe enormous pillais
of smoke nave som?* share in producing
them."?(Mag. N t. tl \t. for D?c. 1S35.) i
The I) d p! ilosophy ol supposing that
smoke was tun d in'o cloud and produced
rain, toes no; w>-nk< u tueev.d nee of tiie
main id. I
If tie pr . ciple is correct, that clouds arc
formed by up mo* ng columns ol u r. w*
should cxp* ci u? fiii?i, m favourable sta s
of die air. Hint clouds woul i lorm ov? r large
* iti s ivI m t ut ic'uring owns u lu re much
}uc is bur and so vie find it to be.
i' v ;m ' a l? tier io me Irom Benj
>. l* i l.nlelptil i-?" |jj |||C Course
tar r. vi |. i>. England. 1 visited
,?f.?u*'ii*. ' -5 " fi>- iiik'Si and on each
cay ii r?;in* <? <S M i d ot the inhabitants
s^'ir d me n.'t i ,.is in Manchester mur
or less v ry iu> n? noy ar."
Extrac rom Ed Mammal's Collec_
Muni t F ?< ts concerning Ash by Coal Fi Id
4 ?>. Lonuon : i^36.
44 \\ hen til*- air is apparently s'ngnnnt
in M? valley of ;he Thames and surrounding
ountry, a s'rong current is found to s? t
in, or every side of London along the
6 r ets lead ng from the coun ry in the morning.
Tins curr? nt is no douut occasioned
by 'he rarefaci on n tne high clumneys,
over so many thousand fires just kindled,
and must be the cause of the introduction
of fresh air to an immense extent, which
would not others is* flow. This ran faction
produces other piicnnnrvna, among, which
when the atmospheit* is in a light state,
and clouds are passing at a height which
does not allow them to condense and fall in
rain,these accumulate h, passing o?er London,
and ei her remain as a d nse log, <-r :
drop in small rain al day long, scarcely j
clearing once ; the country at a little distance
having very little rain."
The bad philosophy of supposing the air
so I gl?t on these occasions as to let the
clouds) on passing* sink down in it over ;
London, does not invalidate the evidence of
the principle fact.
From these remarkable faefs alone I j
think it will be acknowledged that tnere is j
some connection between great tires and |
rains other than mere coincidence, even it j
that connection remained a mystery. Hum- j
boldt acknowledged this in the case of Vol- j
canoes when he speaks of the mysterious \
connection between Volcanoes and rain,!
and says that when a Volcanoe bursts out j
in South American in a dry season, it some- |
times changes it to a rainy one. But now j
when it is demonstrated by the most decisive
evidence, the evidence of experiment, that j
air in ascending the into the atmosphere in j
a column, as it must do over a great fire,,
will cool bv diminished pressure, so much j
I that it will begin to condense its vapour into j
cloud as soon as it shall rise about as man}' I
hundred yards as the temperature of the air
is above the dew-point in degresofFahrenheit,
it amounts to a very high probability
that great fires have sometimes produced
rain. That great fires and even volcanoes
should not always produce rain is maniiest:
from the circumstance that as they break i
out accidentia, ihev may sometimes occur
when the state of the atmosphere is un'a
vorable and even adverse to rain. First,
if they should break out when there is a current
of air, either near the surface of the
earth, or at a considerable distance above,
of some strength, the up-moving column
would be swept by it, out of the perp'*n licitJar,
before s. cloud of great density cou! J be
Tormed, and thus rain would be prevented.
Fecond, they might break out when the* 1 i
dew-point was too low to produce rain at J
a!! ; and. thirJ, there may sennet mes bo an
upper stratum of air, containing so much j
calorie that its specific le*. ity would prevent J
l!;o uprnovmg column from rising into ii far j
enough to cause rain.
These :!i! ceilings I conceive are the only
circumstances which prevent great fires
from producing rain at all linn s when they |
occur, The fir>t two can be asccrtai led j
? / ? j I
without much dilliculty l>y means or s.nau ;
balloons and the dew-point?-the Jasi in th
present stale of science cannot" always be ;
known, and a failure on that account ir.u t j
be risbcJ by the experimenter. Tins i.sk ,
I am willing to run, if Congress or the St ?te j
Leg slature will promise a sufficient reward '
in case of success. |
I: lias been objected to my project that 1 j
propose too much, and that u is u'terly ab i
surd to expect to make rain in t tnu of;
drought, when there is such a scan i y of j
vapour in ;he air.
Now this objection is founded on an entire
ignorance of the fact arts ng from n want
of due consideration. For there !? generalty
more vapour in the lime of summer
than at any other time, as I know by ex- |
perimenl.s constantly madealmos ? very day |
for these last years ; and 'his is reasona- j
\j.-i in itself, for tin? vapour is rising into the j
air and increasing every day. fdry weather.'
preparing for another rain. A quiet stau- '
of the atioosphcrc is also more likely to oc- j
c ir, to great heights, in time of droughts
than at any other time, for immediately aftcr
rains there are sure to he cross currents
ol air, produced by the inward motion of the
air at the lower part of the cloud and an
outward motion in the upper pan, which re
q i re some time after the rain to come to j
rest.
If] have succeeded in showing that there
is any the least ground to hope that nn
tempt to producce ram, might sometimes
succeed under favorable circumstances,
nnd that those favourable circumstances
are likely to occur in time of drought than
-* - ll'nn follnuifi thflf tilt?
ill tlll\ Ullir i uur- f mv.ii u iwmw ? --- ?
experiment is a highly interesting one, and
ough to b" immediately tried. If it should
be successful, who can tell the mighty resul's
which ma) follow in its train.
1 have many reasons and facts which in
(luce rne to believe that it a very large clouii
is once generated, the rain will he?on?
ger.etal.ur at least spread ovr a wide ex
tent of territory ; and who can tell, a priori,
that tuis w.ll not be the case, when it is no
known ihat an immense steam power is lei
loose in the formation of such a cloud; a
power which can b"C deuluted wipi as much
accuracy as hat of ihe steam engine, itself
and in part on t .e same principles.
(J nt 1 nu n h i ve made their puns on tks
project, ar.d nad .heir laugh, and I : m s. rr\
to >ee by letter w ch 1 have received, tha
y fri< n< s md relations at a distance nr?'
mncii troi b < d at these innoccn lauglis ; l?u;
le them ie <onsol<d ; I hav?* laughed 'oo,
well knowing, taat those who laughed the
mo,i h Hit.lv would be the most willing to
i neourage the expo.iment, as soon as they
d scovered they 'had nothing Jo lai g'i at.
As a proof that I was right in this an icipa
lion, 1 may be p rm tted to say that I have
la'cly received a letter from a highly distinguished
member of the American l<'g;sluinre,
who 1 uigi.ed as any one, when my peti
ion was presented there, containing many
kind expressions, and promising me r-y way
of amends for his 1-vitv.44 to avail himself
oi the earliest opportun ty of being b<*:ter in
formed on the subj ct of my new phi'oso.
phy." Sncli conduct as ibis is all I want;
! tear not the strictest srrutiny.
It I should be encouraged to go on with
theexpeiiment, I mean to have a large mass
of combus'ibles prepared ready for use, and
when f have found ai! the circumstances
mentioned before, favourable in a time of
drought, I would set fire to the circumference
in various places at once. Soon after
the fire commences, [ will expect to see
clouds begin to form, .about as many bun,
dred yards li.gti as the t-mperature of the
air is above the dew.point in d grecsof P'ahrcnheit.
1 will expect to see this cloud
rap dly increase in size, if its top is noi
swept off by a curr-nt of air at a considerable
dis anc.' abov the earth?until it becom?
s so I fy as to ram. I shall expect
lie cloud to move oastwardly it co asing in
width as it r.dvanet s, an: the i.ext day 1
shall expect the region to the south of where
the rain fell, to be \isi;ed by rain, for area,
son explained in my writings.
Hut it is m \ am to anticipate all the results
which will follow, for nothing but the expe
?* ?,l - I...^n.>..?p'i<n tlinm_ 1 f t he
i'luuiii ii&rix i.uii utiiiuiioiiuiw m\?
exptrin e.its when repeat* dly tried should
fail, it would bo in vain for me to say i
would not be mortified* but I will not incur
any disgrace?unless it is d sgraceful
to desire to see a great experiment
made which oil the knowledge we have
on the subjee, in the present state of
science, leads us to iiopc will be crowned
with success.
I have made this very briefthough necrssarily
impertect statement cf my reasons
for wishing to see the experiment tried,
which can alone decide the question, to
comply with the earnest ai d repealed solicitations
ot my frii nds ; I will now in c0.i?
elusion say a word for myself.
The present state of the science cf Meteorology
renders it highly important to 1
know in what direction and with what vclo.
city summer rains travel over the surface of
the earth. What is their shape?round o?oblong?and
if oblong in what direction
their transverse diameter lies, and whether
they move side foremost or end foremost or
obliquely. Now I request gentlemen
throughout the United Stales v\ho feel inter.,
ested in this subject, to keep a journal of all
rains, from the beginning of June till the end
of September ; noting their beginnings and
endings, the force and direction of the
winds, and also of the clouds, and sand the
accounts, (published in some paper) as
early in October as convenient, to William
Hamilton, Esq. Actuary of the Franklin
Institute, Philadelphia.
Finally, if cr.-y gendenran intends to clear
from iv:.' nty ;o fifty aire*? of woodland this
pring or early in the summer, in the wes. 1
,crn or north western parts of Pennsylvania,
will he plcusc to inform me of the fact us c
soon us convenient c
Journals of the weather also for the 16th, b
17th, end 1 Bill of March, 183$, kept in d
various parts of Virginia and North Caro t
lina, are much desired ; and if gentlemen r
can even tell me how the trees are thrown s
down indicating the direction of the wind, '
the information will he highly valuable, and 2
should not he withheld il no hing is known s
or recollected. s
lam, gentlemen, yours respectfully, c
Jamks P. Espi'. t
Philadelphia, April 2, 1839. {
\
rtr K D TUP. MAT.AVS. (
U AU Ui . ... ?. w.
From the N. Y. Journal of Commerce, May
CS.
It will he seen by tin* annexed letters that
i th L*. S frgate Columbia and corvette
I Jckn Adams, undi-rthe command olCom
| in oore Read, have inH cted a signal ven- j
geanco upon Hie Malay towns Qunila BatI
too and Mukkee, on the Island of Sumatra,
! for the connexion they were suppos d to '
liave bad with the p:racy and murders com- 1
mittcd in tneir waters on board the Amen- ]
can ship Echps?*, of Salem. Qudla Ba;too '
was once betore visirf** t? one of our Irig.
a i s, the Potomac, and nil h*T Torts demol- '
ished. For tnis reason, or soitio 0it.i< r, ^
Qun !u Battoo, on the present occasion, suf
[ fi red only a moderate infliction, while Muk- '
kee, a town abou. 40 miles disiant, wasde.
mohs'ied and burnt. No lives were lost on I
the American side, and our letters do not f
state that any of the Malays perished. The '
towns appear to have been deserted in an r
icipation of the attack. The necessity of 1
such severe measures is to be regretted ; but
in Jeal r.g with savages and pirates, no otb. '
er mode seems practicable for the protection 1
of our commerce and t e liv? sofour citi- 1
z its. We trust tne M.dt\s will now rom?' '
o the conclusion that their own interest re- I
quires the m to restrain tncir cupidity trom '
hem exi rcised unon defenceless merchant
men wlncii may visit their coast. Tney
probal J., until the arrival oftiie Folomac,
supposed tliat America was too remote, or
loo treble, to protect its commerce in those
seas. I is to be h pod that this delusion is
now dissipited, and that hereafterour seamen
and cargoes in that quarter will find
me fiagofthcii country a nevcr.lailiDg proection.
The bombardment of Qualla Battoo took
j place on h 23d Dt-cemner, and that of
Mukkee on the 1st January.
correspondence of the journal of comitferce.
U. S. Frigate Columbia,
Harbor of Sincapore. Feb. 5, 1839.
I promised occasionally to send you n ,
letter, and yon will be desirous of know ing j
vvhatourj-qoa lron has been doing on the j
west coast of Sumatra, or whetlirr we have j
Joi e any thing, after you shall have receiv. j
i d intelligence of the piratical ant of the Ma. (
lays in the robbery of another American (
vessel, and the murder of her captain and
of c of the crew. i
T.ie plot for the attack on the ship i
Eclipse, Capt. VVilkins, was originaed at
Mukk?*ef some 40 miles from Qualla Battoo ; j
and part of the persons who committed this |
murder and rohbery have been protected by f
t e Rajahs of Mukkee, and a great propor.
nor. of the property and money taken to that t
place. This therefore, was deemed the i
principal offending place. We learn that i
the $12,000 was divided our, and some of i
it was received at Qua!!a Battoo, nnd also i
at Soosoo, a place three or four miles from t
Qualla Battoo, and at both of these, according
to the acknowledgments of the R ijahs ^
in the conversation held with them, some
of the pirates were residing on our arrival i
? d'? ?T'lw* Cnr flinc*o mon c
OH IUU t'UJSli X lit; uruiaiiu i\n m<.uu ?,
having bee n made, and c&mphance being t
declared to be impossible, as the men had c
escap d after our anchorage,(which, how. ^
ever, was deemed to be only an excuse to c
render thi ir refusal to comply with the de- c
mand an appearance of a misfortune to I
hem, rather than a docision of theip-coun. \
cilsj our ships were run in near to the shore i
at Qttalla Battoo, an, the place cannonad. 1
eel, wi h some damage to the town, or rather
to the forts, as they were the objects at c
which the shots were directed. i
The ships were ihen got under way, and t
stoo for Mukkee, where the demand for
he pirates Aas made, without the expecta c
lion of the Rajahs of that place pursuiug t
any course diff rent from the one adopted c
by the R.ijai.s of Qualla Battoo. The de- r
mand was uncomplk d with, and the conse. t
quences, as the proper alternative, (so
deemed to be by our Commodore, and I t
believe quite unanimously the sentiment of i
all the officers,) followed. '
The ships were kedged in near to the
town an t torts?the town being situated on i
a small peninsula, and each side of th point
indented by the hp of a beautiful little bay, t
w 11 water deep enough for a seventy-four.
No boat mak ng her appearance for on <
overture up o the time specified as the i
limits of forbearance, the Columbia opened
her fire upon a neighboring fort, raking the 1
town, as she chose, quite the length of it.
The first gun of the Columbia was the sig- c
I?tin A.tiimc fhp hnailtlful COT- 1
IIUI l??l ll?i ??"?? ~ ~ ~ ,
vctte, to let fly her shot; and tho loud roar 1
of her cannon reverberated from tho mountain
sides that nearly inwalled the angry little
ship ; and as the volumes of fire and piles of (
smoke continued to emit from her side, the t
Columbia slept a moment, which rendered z
the scene yet more impressive to one con- *
scions that a moment more and her loud and 1
fearful pieces would send forth their heavy c
met.il, cannister, and grape. Her trcmendous
enrronades, throwing 421b. shot, now j t
boomed in their loud report over the still c
sheet of water that this morning seemed to
lintrd t\iiel<o/l I. - - "
,?.,v i.vo.ivu me swellings ot its Dosom* as r
if it would favor the purposes of dcs:ruciion ii
which seemed to be moving the two dark c
forms which had s'.owly floated over its s-l. i:
ver surface to gain a resting-place nearer io 1:
the golden beach ahich encased the curved t
lip of .the bay.
I was In n e -.rV^n-'op, a loo!:c-on.
The ships were within a musket-sho: of the I ai
ieachf and the town reached near 'o its tf
dge. The cannonading from bnih ships f In
oniinued for near a half hour. Now, the si
alls throwing up a cloud of dust as they rid- c
lied the bamboo houses, or rived in splinors
the dwellings of better material; and 'fl
iow, the ball striking die tall cocanut tree, ?'
corclicd it as if a hundred hot irons had q
>ecn applied to the ex ernal coat of its trunk, j tl
md sen. up a beautiful volume of pale blue]d
imoke, ns if it came above the trees from t
;oine concealed cofnge, mbowcred in the fc
ivergrc rn foliage o the mountain side ; and
iow, the branches fell as if hoped by some
pant pruniug-hook, ns the tree, en misse%
vith i s spread ng top, and with its mingling
rash, f-11 to t <e ground. One soli nry be
ng was seen pac ng with indifference back.
yards an i loruanis on me u<*acn, ai ui*
ighr ol the tow n, anil oniy i f -w yarils from
he intersecting lines of the shot, pourmg m
.'ross.fires irom th?* broadsides of the two
ihips ; but erelong lit; disappear d, and was
ost in the jungle.
Tne firing censed, and the boats, already
alongside, and con? cal? d front the view of ^
l ie shore, w re manned, as a note upon n
:he bugle called the men to their places.
Soon th- li tie fleet, joined by the boats !l
from th?* A ams, reached the shore, and the w
men formed on the beach in fu'l view o' ?
he ships, tind advanced o enter the town 11
*f the nenres p >in!. Soon die port.fire i *'
,na the torch w-re applied to the btiildi ?gx, n
nd the flam''3 ascended fro n different ^
tans of die tow.'l, until the converging and 11
.proading volumes sent up their spiral and
Aide sheets, involving every dwelling save
he s icred nmsque in the general confl.ig- u
ation.
The force re urned to the beach, and a n
moment more, as th flames were r^pidik r
melting to a common rum, and mingling in
i>*hes the whole mass of the buildings of the u
own, involving whatever of treasure and
iropiry ad been lef, they contemplated s
he wild raa?'of trie sheeted and irresistible j1
lein? nt. T e bugle now sounded the rerea.
to the ti n of" Yank<e Doodle," of e
3lden and revo ufionary associations, and
he men dis- mb irked as 44 Hail Co'umbi?" fl
it. n >if\luc nrPf lhf> Klill W!i- "
113 li tuwuni vv .T- -
ersofih<? bay. In a1 out two hours after
he boats had loft the ships, the n?en wer* 1
igain in their places on thoir decks, having s
iccomphsn d 'heir purpose without aeci.
lent, or the firing of a gun.
The inhabi ants ha J r tired from the town, (|
ind lookod from the mountains upon the
urn cf their homes.
p
From the Edinjugh Philosophical Journal, e
O.N THE PROBABLE DURATION OF HUMAN >
LIFE. n
Dr. Casper, of Berlin, in his valuable ,
vork, enti led "Der Wahrscheinlichr .
Lebensdaur des Menschen&< ., 1835, (
ifter having examined iho current opinions n
is to tne average duration of human life,
jnd as to the most satisfactory method of 0
iscertaining such a result, announces his 0
>wn doctrine in the following proposition :
The proportion ol births of the population P
n any place expresses almost exactly the ''
ncdium or average duration of life there."
For example, suppose 'hat thispropor ion ^
s in the ratio of 1 to 38, then the averag
I*'
ifo of the inhabittinis of the place wnj be
ound to be 38 years.
If this rule he correct, it must follow that ^
he duration of life increases and dinr inishes
c
n a population according as their lecundity
s greater or less ; so that man, it not as
? .?l:... {.,n| ?? .|..n?.? ,10 r> mpmKar r?f ihp
Hi 11JUI* i JU4Vf ui I'UJI 110 ' ti.v.f.w* . _
P
nass, may be said to have il m his power n
o lengthen or abridge his life.
This, if true, is indeed a proposition of
>reat importance in political economy.
To prove that the mortality is in a direct |j
atio with the fecundity of any population
md, consequently, that governments, seeing |(
hat the force of states consists not so much
>n the mere number, as on the strength,
ecundity. and longevity of their inhabitants
>ughi not to favor or encourage an overibundnnt
population, the author has colected
a vast number of facts, and for this j?
>urpose has drawn up tables of the mortaly,
not only in Prussia, but also in Britain,
France, and Belgium.
From these researches he comes to the
;onclusion that every where the morality ..
s direcdy proport.onal to the fecundity of *
he popubition.
This doctrine, if confirmed by future in- l(
juiries, may, to a certain extent, reconcile u
he opinions of Malthus and his opponents, 6
is it shows as the Nature herself tends to ?
emedy the evil of a redundant populi* lr
ion.
Dr. Casper gives a valuable table of the P
nortality ?n Berlin for twelve years, from P
1817 to 1829. which comprses nearly sl
rO.UOl) deaths 2,000.000 inhabitants. I1
The following are a ft w interesting data ,r
which are derivable from his researches : w
The longevity of the female is greater P
han that of the male sex. 0
The age of puberty carries ofF 8 per r<
:entura more of the female than of the male ^
<1
tex.
The proportion of deaths of women in "
abor is 1 in 108.
It has been :?n erroneous, although l,\:h. l<
;rto a very prevaent nation, that the cK- ^
nacterie ago of a woman has a marked sl
nfluence increasing the mortality of the ?
cmale sex. 0
This opinion has been shown to be in- w
- L-. ~"i oi"iI otutvi-n prs. and If
jorreci u) ....
he researches of Dr. Casper confirm the e
iccuracy of their statements. On the V
vhole, therefore, we may assert that the u
ongevity ofth<- female is greater than that
>f the male sex. G
It is also worthy of notice that of s ill* P
jorn infants there are more ol the male than tc
>f tiie female sex. tt
Dr. Casper proceeds to show that the te
nodium or average duration of life has ti
ncrcaswl considerably in most European 01
aticsoflate years. In London this increase le
s great, for it w ould s .eni that, within the bi
ist century, probable life has increased by nr
wenty years. JAt
Geneva, ngui.o, in the ICih century, g<
no.half of the infant? horn thorn di?*d, we' D
re told, before their fifth year; wherus, in
le present day, it wc.uld appear that this
alf retches nearly 43 years of age. A
miter remark may be made as to the inre?
s d length of life at Berlin.
Dr. Casper treats pretty fully on the in.
ueneo of pursuits and occupations on the
ur t m of human life; and frewn his innines
it appears that "clergymen are, on
ie whole, ihe longest, and medical m^n are
ie sho test 'ivers." The different classes
ia\ ii arranged in respect to longevity as
>!lovvs:
M.'dium Longevity.
Clergymen, 63 years.
Merchants, 62 o
Cl.rks, .61 do
Farmers, 61 do
Military men, 39 do
Lawyers, 38 do
A i lists. 37 do
Medical men, 36 do
A nniiiQ, nnnnriiiti nffnnf nr influence on
-Ill?/...? . ....,1V. ....... - _
le prob?bIe duration of life is marriage
t is pro1 ed bv the research' s of our author
iat t married state is favorable 10 Ionev.tv,
and especially .d reference to the
i >le sex.
The influence of poverty and d-stiiu ion
1 shortening the medium duration of hf i>
mil known. Dr. Casper gives some tables
f mortality which prove the sad con'rast
i his lesjKJCt between the poor and nfRu
iv. From these it would seem that the
oedium age of the nobility in-Ge. many may
ie stated at about 50 years, whereas thato1
ae paupers is as low as 32 yeais.
The last chapter of lie work treats of tan
t flue nee of th" fecundity of a population
pon its mortali'y. Dr Casper shows, by
vast number of documen s, that "the
aortality in any population is always in
,?tio to its fecundity," or, in other words,
die mote prol flc the people is, the greater,
sually, is the mortality .among them."
H alludes to the differen r, in this repect,
in ti?e different d siricts in England ;
nd maintains that wherever the number ol
irths is highest, there the mortality is greatst
at the same time.
The same result is derivable from s'a isleal
investigaton ia Helgium, Franc*,and
tber countries.
Dr. Casper concludes his work by emodying
the genera! principles of his reearth
-s in the following conclusions :
1. Tne proportion of births to the actuI
stationary population of any place
xpresses, or is relative to, the medium
uraiion oflifo in that population.
2. Tiie femal! sex enjoys, at every
eriod of life, except at puherty, at which
poch th ! mortality is rather greater among
oung females, a greater longevity than the
wile sex.
3. Pregnancy and labor occasion, in
e< d,a considerable loss of life; but this
tiss disappears or is lost in the gent ral
aass.
4. The so called climacteric periods
f life d) not s? em Jo have any influence
n the longevity of either sex.
5. Tne mnd urn duration of life, at the >
esent time, is in Russia about 21 years
i Prussi i 2'J, in Swi z?rlund 34. in France
6, in Belgium 3G, and in England 38
ars.
6. Tiie medium duration of life has, in
eccnt times, increased very greatly in
iiost cities in Europe.
7. In reference to the influence of pro ssions
or occupa ions on life, it seems that
cclesislics are, on the whole, the longest,
nd medical men are the shortest livers;
lilitary men arc nearly between the two
xtremes, but y t, proportionally, they,
lore frequently than otiiers, reach very
dvanced years.
1)..
0. 1 lie mortality IS very geuerwiy
reater in manufacturing tlian in agricultural
is'ricts.
9. Marriage is decidtdly favorable to
>ngevitv.
10. The mortality among the poor is
I ways greater than among the welthelr
lasses. 1
11. The mortality in a population np_
ears to be always proportionate to its
;cui;dity?as the number of bir.hs in.
reast s, so does the number ofdeathsut the
amc lime.
LIFE IN MISSISSIPPI.
From the New Orleans, Picayune, May 23.]
Doings in Mississippi??We would wish
) believe the Missippians what nature in.
mded they should be, frank, hospitable,
en* rousand chivalrous; but recent even s
Imust lorce the conviction on our mind that
ley have foully frustrated her d- sign, and
int the high sense of honor which she
laced in their bosom for wise and nob!
urposes has been made subservient to n
pir-t evincing a'rackless regard for life, and
too prevalent desire to imbue the,r hands
i the blood of their fellow citizens. When
ill men learn how a surd it is to decide
ersonal disputes hy resort 10 deadly weap,
ns ? or how lu^g is -j|| pubic feeling will
?gard the man who goes about mailed with
lowie knives, dirks and pistols as a pnvne.
it-ted murd rcr ? fleavi n lorteud that
i?* period may not be far d<s ant.
Those prefaratory remarks have suggrsid
themselves on p? r.sumg in the Natchez
,'oum r of the 20th in.st. an account ol two
treet fig ts, one ofwhich proved fual to one
f the parses eng .ged, ?ind is headed,4 Anther
offray and death," as if such scenes
ere of an ev? ry day occurrence, or it least
nitating their Irequency. Toe unfortunate
vent took place in the town of Woolvlle,
Wilkinson county, lust week. The partic!ars
are these :
Mr. A. J. Foster, the foreman of the
rrand Jury, made himself active in that ca
acity to render cer. a in persons amenable
? the law who had been parties to a conuupiateddael.
He sometimes after visi.
id the office of Mr. Leigh, one ofihe pares,
who called him an informer, and applied
iher insulting epithets to him. A chal.
mge ensued and a duel was decideJ on ;
tit before the appointed time Mr. Leigh
let Mr. C. Foster, a younger bro iler of A.
Foster. Insulting language ensued, and a
eneral fight was the consequence, in which
(r. Moresse, C. Foster, Mr. Leigh, Mr.
Fielding Dtvis, Judge Smith and one or two
others were 'engaged. Mr. Leigbi w'10
hnd received some peisonal injury from Mr.
D.ivis, sent him a challenge by Mr. F. A.
Moore. Moore and Davis, now quarrelled,
Davis struck'the former with a whip, injur.
ing him severely Mr. Davis shortly after
proceeded to the Post Office; Mr. Leigh
walked immediately after him with a drawn
knile or dirk in his hand. Mr. D. saw him
as he advanced, and told him not to op*
proach him. Mr. L. continued to do "so,
Mr. D. repented his warning, and told him
if he did so he would shool him ; and seeing
that Mr. Leigh did no', stop, he raised a
double, barr lied gun which he had ?'n his
hand and snapp'-d both barrels at him, nei.
tiier of which went off. He ihenairuck hun
wi h the end of ihe gun and knocked him
down, and then rctrea ed across the Street.
Mr. Leigh after rising continued to .advance,
when Mr. Davis, drew a pistol and shot Mr.
r ,i... _:.i~ .-j
U. Ill 111(7 &IU(7, KlllCll.peiltiiriUCU ma sp!|T%
L igh, after lingenng near two days, died
of the wound. D vis was immediately ?r.
rested and after nn examination Was admit,
ted to bail in the sum of $15,000.
The less lamentable afftir to wh'ch we
have ad erted occured at Jackson, Miss.,
on the 15;tiinst. I. appears that Gov. McNuit
was contemptuously spit upon by R.
L. Dixon, the clerk of the Chancery Court,
some tew weeks since, and that one A. J.
Puxton thought it to b<* his duty in the public
papers to wipe off the a ain. This was
the origin of the affur, and here is the sequel
as given in the Na ch?*z Courier. It is an
extract from a lettc; dated Jackson, 16.h
May. We would wish to abridge it, but
th re is such a cha n of circumstances that
we ennno well do so. Tne writer says :
On yesterdax, R. L. Dixon, the clerk of
the C raticery Court, attacked A. J. P.txton
in the Rotunda of the C.pitol, and gave
ium a very severe caning, tor and on ac?
count of a publication of Fax on's which
appeared in the Missippi ?n of the 3d inst.
Judge MeKiuley of the U. S. Court, ( hen
in session in the capi'oi, find Dixon $500
contempt of court. In the evening M%
PrtX'on and his friends, about twenty in
number, prepared, for an attach on D xonp
by arming themselves with gunsaud pistols,
and placed tfemslvs in a ouse hy which
D. was most sure to pass in going to his
office. D. hearing of this, prepared himself
for defence by taking his stand in the street,
where he stood for half an hour, when P.
sent him a challenge, which D. would not accept,
assigned as his reasons, that lie had
a lucrative office, and should be accept a
cba Jong", lie would lose it, and by the lawbe
debarred from the privilege of ever again
holding nn office in the S ate. Paxton thea
came out and commenced advancing on
Dixon, who told him that if he ndvanccd
tur her it would be at the risk of bis life, at
which P. stopped and denounced D. and
and then retired, when the crowd almost
simult neous shouted * Hurrah for Dixon.'*
?Here the matter of yesterday seems likely
to s op.
Bat this evening the oi l Parsh Judgo
McKinlcy, of the U S. Court, after adjourning
court, and whilst on his way to his
i _ J i ai i
room, i?aa ins nose punec* severely, oy a
Mr. James II. B'?yd, a young man who had
been acting as officer of the court during
the iiforesaid affray between D., and P.,
and for not in <rfcring was call' a " a stupid
Jackass" by Judge McKnley, for which
be had hi* smeller pulled, &c. &c. He
(Boyd) is justified by ev? ry one whom I
tiave b- ard speak of the matter, and will
be sustained."
The 44 Hurah for Dixon" g"'.*on above,
shows pret y plainly the false feeling of
courage which prevails in Mississippi ; and
nil it is boob down by the irres snble voice
of public opinion, a better state of tilings
may by looked for tin vair. So long as a *
man is visied wi h publ c op pro hi urn, for
not engaging in an affair of blood, all laws
onacted for ihe prevention of such scene
w ill he nugaory and unuva ling. A radical
reform is needed. May we look out for its
advent ? The sight of bis native shore
could not more gladden the heart of the ship,
wrecked mariner, than would the arrival of
such an epoch crea e in the bosoms of all
who love the consti;ulion.--advocate the
m ijesty of the laws, and are friends of general
order.
33* It appears from another account that
Boyd did not pull the judge's nose, but shook
his fis in his face. Boyd is represented to be
a poke easy sort of creature, not very likely to
shake his fist where there would be any probability
of a counter shaking of fists.
From th. Gallatin (Miss.) Star, of May 11.
The Circuit Court of Copiah county,
convened iis session in this place on Monday
las:t Judge Monger presiding; consequently
our town is literally jainmeneJ with
strangers of every d-scrip on.
I Quash ! Quash ! Quashed L '-Going,
Going, Gone Ttie motion docket at his
icrm of the court is crowded more than we
ever knew it. In almost every instance
where a bond was taken at the Inst term of
he co rrf there is a motion to quash it*
which has been sustained by his honor
Judge Monger, upon the xroun Is generally,
that the bond was blank at the time it was
delivered to the Sheriff*?-and in many instances
for a variation between the execution
and bond. It has afforded great temporary
relief to many of our citizens whose
proper v would have been, in all probability.
sacrifi* ed.
-y 9
We learn from Philadelp'i.a that a large
forgery has just been det'tfted there, the
particulars ofwhi hare as follows
Mr. J. Meace arrived in that ci y a short
time since, and in'roducedhimself a* junior
partner in the firm of R. L. Coleman &
Co., of Tennes'-e, a highly respectable and
well known house, exhibiting at tho same
time a letter of cr- dit on Messrs. Maurin
& Co., of Mew Orleans, for $10,000, and
letters of introduction from Mr. Coleman,
his pretended partner. Under theso circumstances,
Meace was enableJ to make
large purchases ofgoods, paying for them in
drafts on Muurin & Co., New Orleans,