Cheraw gazette and Pee Dee farmer. [volume] (Cheraw S.C.) 1838-1839, January 30, 1839, Page 42, Image 2
U. S. SENATE.
Monday, January 14.
Mr. Brown having presented the resolu.
tiowsofth* Legislature of North Carolina
on various suhj cts connected with our ra?h?uuI
|>o icy, and especially expressing disap;
T'?hanon of some of the principal acts of
the last and the present Administrations of
the National Government.
Mr. B. spoke at length on the subject of
these resolutions, and the whole scope of his
argument was understood to be, that lie tilways
had been and ever would be ready,
either to resign, or to obey the will of lbs
Legislature, when expressed to him in the
lorm of ins ructions ; but, as that w. 11 was
not now expressed in the form of instiuclions,
he did not feel himself bound to obey
them, out, on the contrary, he rather felt
hound todisobev them, for the purpose, il
no oilier, of shotting his regard to the doctrine
of instructions, to which the form and
manner of these re solutions were to be regarded
as .a tacit denial,
Mr. Strange was understood to profess
his wilhngness to obey the will of Ins Legislature,
as expressed in these resolutions, as
far as he could consistently an ! conscientious])
do so ; but there were some things
in the resolutions which even the tortures ol
y>flrUTflnm ^mufxttrrm tr> do
Under these circumstances, lie would have
been ready to resign, were it not that in the
present instance he thought it his imperative
duty, for various reasons, to retain his seat.
Rut l>o livunninrl tn ri'nnivf niS'ii'P from
A# l? I IIV/ iv^u itv/b fcvr *vw???r w...
Ins opponents on this subject, and scarcely
tha: from sorre of bis friends.
Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, said, I could have
wished ihat sonic other Senator had thought
proper to make tlio few observations that
are called f?r by tire present occasion ; but,
as no one has ris^n lor that purpose, and
as the Legislature of North Carolina are on
this subject here unrepresented, and as the
propositions embraced in these resolutions
have no: a single sentiment with which I do
not most heartily concur, I trust that I shall
be indulged when making a few remarks on
*
this occasion; and I assure the Senator
from North Carolina last up, that nothing is
further from my purpose than to do any injustice
to hiin or his colleague; and I think
it was a little unkind and gratuitous in him
trf-k cir i Imf lm nvnno'nrl ir\ r/inmvu
11/ OUJI iiiui IIV J IV I UVWI ? v
justice from his opponents.
The Legislature of Nor.h Carolina have
been charged by gentlemen with using disrespectful
language in these resolution*.?
But if their language was indecorous, the
rules of the Senate prescribe it as their
course of duty that the resolutions ought
not to have been submitted; for, as I understand
those rules, it is the duty of evwy
member, when he has a memorial or resolutions
to bepresened, to see that they are
couched in the proper language.
But in what respect ore these resolutions
disrespectful to the Senate, as I understood
was charged by both the Senators from
North Carolina? [Mr. S range sai l he
made no aliusicn to disrespectful language.]
At least Mr. C. unders ocd the other Senator
(Mr. Brown) to say that one of the resolutions
was disrespectful towards the Senate.
[Mr. Brown said he so spoke of one
of the resolutions, but he thought it his duty
to lu's S.Htc to present them notwithstanding,
and in no possible contingency could he
have refused to present them.] Mr. C.
? :l r ?.?i .u? c .i.??
1 SU UIIUCI31UUU lUt'd'UUlUl U<11 UIJ?of
the resolutions was disrespectful; but
lie bow says that, in deference to his Legislarure,
lie stdl ought to present them. Sir,
if there wis indecorum in the language, 1
repeat that it was his duty, under the rules
of the Senate, not to present the resolutions
atoll- [Mr. Brown said that there was a
Very marked distinction between ihe Legis.
lature of a sovereign State and individuals
on this subject.] 1 am not aware, said Mr.
C. that there is any such distinction expressed
in the rules; and if the Legislature ?>i
a State uses disrespectful language, it is no
more to bo received thp" if it v\eie from a
private citizen. But lot that pass.
In what respect are these resolutions disrespectful
? The Senate, two or three years
ago, adopted a resolution by a vote of a
majority of the body, which resolution was
afterward ordered to be expunged from the
journal ; and now the Legislature of Norili
Carolina say that it was, in their opinion, an
net of party survility to the National Exe.
cutive then in power. Now let us suppose
that either branch of Congress had really
been gu'by of an act of party survility o the
Executive, have not legislative bodies a
right !o express it in this or any other coun
try ? Hut whether that uct was one or survili.y
or not, is a question which history will
in due time pass its decision. But as 1 have
*ai J on every occasion here and elsewhere,
t was in my opinion derogatory to this
v dy. and history will pronounce upox it the
> vcrest censure.
Bat the Senators from North Carolina
have bo:h declared that they would have
obeyed these resolutions if they hud been
mandatory in their language, instead of iheir
being a simple expression of the will of
their Legislature. But let us examine the
palure and extent of this apology. What
is the basis and what the principle of the
doctrine of instrnction ? Sir, to a certain
.extent I have always believed in this doctrine,
and have been ever ready to conform
to if. But I hold to the doctrine as it stood
J79S, that in general, on questions of expe
diencyvhe representative should conform
to Iiis instrtic.ions, and so gratify tlie wishes
and obey the w ill of his constituents, though
on question* of constitutionality his course
niisht be d liferent; and therefore when the
Sen.vor Inst up(Mr. Strange) declared that
he would rather submit to a certain operation
than to give his vote declaring there
had been a violation of the Constitution, I
felt some alarm lest the trite doctrine of in vr
\c ,o?:s should nsei? be subverted. And
it did not appear to occur to him at the time
that there was anotlter alternat.ve besides
obeying?that is, to resign.
And what is the doctrine of ins ructions
ns it is held by all ? Is it not that wo are
Jo conform to the wishes of our constituent*
1 J* { rint tba;%w0 are to ne;,. not in
our own but in a delegateJ character ?? j
An I will any who stand here, pretend tiiat j
whenever they know the wishes or will of j
j those who s-nt them hero, they are not J
| bound to conform to that will entirely ? Is i
j it not the doctrine that we are nothing more j
I than the iniror to refl -ct the will of those who ;
j culled us to our dignified office ? That is ;
j the view which 1 take of the doctrine of inJ
structions.
| And now I ask, is any peculiar language !
necessary, o:hcr than that by which the will,
j of our constituents may be understood
and carried out ? Is there but one word j
! that will answer?no other word but the j
j word instruct ? Is there no other language ;
j tantamount to that? If the Legislature j
! simply express 'heir will, :s that no; cqmva-!
| lent to the wore! instruct 1 Nay, more, is ;
i it not more respectful io those receiving the
instructions to avoid than to use the word ;
insfruc'ior.s ? Infinitely more so, and I am !
more ready to comply with the wishes of i
any one, if he speaks to me in a good cour- j
teousand polite manner, than if he made
use of mandatory language. Sir, I say to ,
my man Charles, please do so and so, and {
he does it instantly, and with much more
pleasure than if I was more peremptory.?
^ Suppose I should say, Charles, I instruct
you. he would- think k very curious language
; but il l say I would be obliged :o you 1
foi my shoes or boots, he goes down and ;
' I brings then) as quick as possible. I assure j
i the Senators it is no purpose of mine to 1
; treat them u i h the smallest disrespect ; on |
i the contrary, I sympathise with them, and i
| regret extremely that they cannot conform !
i to these reso!u:ions, coming from so respcc- j
j tabic n source as the Legislature of North i
! Carolina, i should have been extremely
i happy if they could have conformed, and i
believe the Constitution of North Carolina
expressly provides for and secures the right
; of instruction, requiring the representatives
of the people to conform and obey. And!
1 it appears to me that if the Legislature have j
the right and choose to give instructions, it j
is no matter in what words or language j
those instructions aregiven;and I should j
feel myself bound to conform to their wish- i
es thus communicated. But if the argu-1
rrent oftheseiiiorSenator(Mr. Brown)from j
North Carol ni is correct even if the most
positive language were used, as has been
done on two several occasions, and in my
judgment now, I suppose, if that were the i
case, he would not feel bound to obey the j
will of the Legislature in opposition to what i
he migh1 he pleased to consider the will j
of the People, which he would regard as tha .
paramount authority. But on one subject ]
, at least these resolutions speak in decisive ,
language, on which I have not heard that j
the People of North Carolina have express- '
cd any prior sentiment adverse to thecourse j
1 now intimated, and that is, the great subject
of the public lands, which has leen under
laborious discussion here for the last
eight or ten days; and 1 confess I regret
j ted that these resolutions by the Legislature j
| of North Carolina vvere not here, I hat we |
j might have had the benefit of the knowledge j
j of tlieir wishes during the last week, when '
j the debate on the subject was in progress
! But I am glad they ha\0 come in before ;
| the passage of the bill, and I hope at least!
| on the subject of the public lands we shall j
j have the vote of the Scnaters from North [
! Carolina in oppositton to the wild schemes j
j w hich bave been denounced by the rcsolu:
tions of the Legislature laid before us.
Mr. Strange snid he was obliged to the
Senator for his advice, but it was not of late j
the s'andard by which bo was guided ; but,
I onthecon'rary, he wasg? nei ally disposed to
| shun the course which it pointed out? being
,! pretty certain that, i he should follow it. he
| would find himself wrong. The Senator
1 thought Mr. S. s e^jx cting no justice from
i liis opponents gratuitous ; but lie could not |
know the extent of the reasons w hy Mr. S.
j expected no justice fiom them, and Mr. S.
j was sorry ihit his experience had famished
i, these reasons, (some of which Mr. S. pro.
; ceeded 10 adduce, d"rived from the public
; press, and from remarks in the Senate.)
I Mr. S. said lie bad adv. r:ed to the alterna.
; ive of resigning bis seat, and lie should
1 have resigned jfa sense of duy would h?y?
, J permit ed it. lie denied i.iat there was I
j any parallel in the Sr.se of Mr. C. and his j
man Charles ; Mr. S. was not the slave of j
the Legislature, though he professed to be j
the the servant of the People, and practice
had established the principle that Senators j
were bound to obey only when their Legis- j
lature used the word instruct and Mr. S. j
denied that he wtuld have looked behind i
such instructions to see what might be the
I will of tho People. In regard to the pub- j
; lie lands, Mr. S. said that his colleague and ;
himself had voted against the graduation of j
the price of public lands, and, Mr. S. wou'd
conform generally to the known will of his j
Legislature as far as he could consistently j
do so; and if they had used the word instruct,
lie would have obeyed wholly ro resigned. ;
He had come to the conclusion that die
People of Carolina were against graduation,
and he should therefore vo:c against
fc.. I
j Mr. Brown denied the right of the Sena- i
i tor from Kentucky, or any one who like him
J was connected with the old Federal party','
;o cad him to an account for what he said j
or did in the Senate, or to dictate to him any j
thing as a part of tho Democratic crccd, and
he charged them with having, in various in- j
: stances, disobeyed and scouted the popular i
will.
j Mr. Clay said lie was exeeed'ngiy sorry j
i he had been instrumental in throwing the {
j Senator from North Carolina into such a j
| rage, and nothing he said, was further from j
| his purpose. But it he had intimated that I
i tiie Legislature of North Carolina had mean- i
' ly prevaricated,and had made a fraudulent
! use of the doctrine of instructions
? TA *1*1 - I
f\Ir. 15rown. icnunot say so; m> n-. i
! marks were general. . j
I Mr. Clny. If his remarks were general I
; I do not see that they can have any specific j
i application, except to this case. [Mr. j
; Brown, again a.tempting to speak, was pre. j
! vented by cries of order !] Mr. C. said !
j it was far from his purpose to assume juris- j
diction in 'Irs case, cr any authority over <
the Senator or his colleague ; and lie could
no more protest against ii than Mr. C. was
unwilling to exercise it. B it what was the
state of the case ? The Senators, on presenting
the resolutions of their Legislature, I
had both made speeches addressed to this :
body, and had spoken of the nature of their i
instructions, and ofthe degree of authority !
and of duty which belonged to them; all |
this they bad done to a body of which Mr.
C. was a member. If they had confined
their thoughts on the subject to themselves
or had contented themselves with!
simply presenting the resolutions, Mr. i
C. would have seen no occasion for any remarks
on his part. But when they expressed ;
their views of the extent ofthe obligations j
due to their instructions on subjects in !
which the whole country was interested, j
Mr. C. would ask if it was not proper for j
him to speak in reply. Mr. C. had spoken i
with reluctance, and woulJ have been elad
if another gentleman had taken it upon him ;
but as the question was about to he put, i
and ,i3 North Carolina was unrepresented, i
he had ventured to make a few remarks, j
and in doing so had called forth a most vio.
lent philippic against him personally. Mr.
0. had not felt the slightest emotion whiles
this was going on ; but as the Senator had
protested against Mr. C.'s jurisdiction in the
case, ho should have recollected that he j
was assuming just sucii a jurisdiction over
Mr. C. and that it was quite as exceptionable
for the Senator to arraign Mr. C's
course,* as for him to arraign that of the
Senator. But Mr. C. would snv nothing
? 0
in regard to himself, since his colleague
(.Mr. Criitenden, on the land hill^ had discloset!
the impossibility of making any adequate
defence for Mr. C. on this floor ; and
he therefore thought it vain for him to attempt
to defend himself. But on this point
the People of the country must judge ; and
if they condemned the course of policy in
regard to the public lands which Mr. C.
advocated, and which had placed this country
50 years in advance of what it would
otherwise have been, Mr. C. could only
submit; and if, as the seinor Senator from
Nnrth Parnlino In,/? cotml iKic mioclinn It^H
i ' VI III \/Ul VlillU KIU Oia IV/Uf t 11 ^ VJUV/WUW"
shaken the pillars of this Union, it would be
right to give some credit to Mr. C. that he
had endeavored to compose that controversy
by the bill which he had introduced
several years ago.
On the declaration of Mr. Strange, that
he generally regarded Mr. C.'s course as
one to bo avoided, Mr. C. remarked that it
was not his course of conduct toward Mr.
S. or any other gentleman but when they
presented any measure, he was ever ready
to give it his consideration; and he would
not decide against him merely because he
proposed the measure, but he would examine
it, and if the ground was good he would
act with him, as Mr. S. was about to do with
Mr. C. on graduation.
Mr. C. again disclaimed any intention to
interfere between the Senators from North
Carolina and their Legislature, and expressed
the p] asuro which these resolutions gave
him, especially on account of their reference
to the public lands ; and he further justified
the remarks which he had now made,
and especially by the apprehension which
he felt that the true doctrine of instructions,
as stated in 1798, was now in danger of
being subverted and destroyed.
LETTER FROM AN AMERICAN IN
PARIS.
FRENCH CURRENCY.
Paris, August, 193S.
The hard money Government of France
has ofien been quoted in the United Slates
as a pattern of safety and convenience to
. .. r?_ I .... il.a
be adopted men!. Dcsiues, nowevcr, mc
i lesson which is being taught to the world
o o
by Frenchmen themselves, in their late arid
multiplying measures for establishing a
more extended paper currency by the institution
of banks upon very much the same
principles with those existing in the United
Skates, I have, myself, had frequent illustrations
of the operation, upon ioniv'iuua! cort.
venience-c! thts J*ard money currency system.
here, Xo bills are issued by the Dank
of France of a less* denomination than
500f. say $100. AH the remainder of the
currency is in gold, silver, and copper.?
This is all very safe, beyond question.?
But when we come to tho matter of convenince,
the story is very different. Eighty
dollars, even, in silver, is no small matter
for a man to carry in his breeches pocket.
If he puts it in the pocket of his coat tail, he
is scarcely better accommodated. In the
one case he will find his suspenders ready
lo give out at every step, if his pocket itself
does not; and if his trowsers are of thin
material, sui ed lo a summer day, he will
find himself lucky if a goodly portion of
them be not carried away by the burden.
In case the coat pocket be resorted to, it
will soon give the wearer the appearance of
a one-sided, rheumatic, or distorted person;
besides, the Jangling load will swing to and
fro upon him like a dog with a pair of shears
suspended upon his tail. And yet $?0 is
not a large sum for one to desire to have
about him in making his excursions through
a city, either on business or pleasure.?
Truly, he may relieve his clothes of the jog
by having a bag or pouch to carry in his
hand. 13 ut on a day of questionable weather
the inconvenience of carrying a light utr?breila
is not small, if added to this is a 'jag
of metalic coin, the odds in favor of losing
one or both would not be small.
I3ut why not take gold, which lias but
little bulk and not great weight in a sum that
wiil answer all ordinary purposes ? Sure I
enough?but then one must buy gold in order
to get ir, though he may be jaded down !
with silver, and even in tnisoM country ofj
the metalic currency. Tin's demonstrates I
that, do all we will, still gold will remain an j
article of traffic, and not an article of cur- J
rency exclusively. Take an instance: i !
h?vc to-day paid for a small purchase made j
in the Palias Royal, the centre of business \
transactions ; it amounted to 202 francs;
*A private banking eompanv issoos billsof
250 fraprc
only, or say $40. I had but little more than I
$10;) in my pocke', and that consisted i
mainly ofn .500 franc bill; this 1 handed
to the tradesman, and lie returned me, of 1
necessity, 300 francs in silver. But I said, I
don't burden mc thus, the weather is oppressively
hot, and I have already broken j i
my suspenders once to-day in attempting to 1'
carry about me your heavy metal currency. 1
Pray give me gold, if I must have coin. O
yes, he replied, but 1 must send a few doors
distant and buy it for you. 1 could not j
avoid the alternative, and the gol 1 was i
bought, at an expense, it is true, of only fif- ji
ty.five cents for the $60 that was due me ; !;
but aptly illustrating both the inconvenience j
and expense to common people of o system |
of hard currency, that is, nevertheless, by no i
means a system of exclusive hard currency.
The man who deals only in hundred dollar
; operations, and from that up to thousands,
' feels no icconvenienience or expense from
such a system, for he is not touched by it;
at all. But it bears upou the smaller class i
of dealers?the cvery-day matters, and j
such as appertain to both that class of indi. j i
vidua Is and that class of trade which is least
to bear such a tax. I am sure that, reason ; i
as one may on the theory of a hard curren.'<
cy, if he will hut attend to the conveniences,
cheapness, and practicable security of n paI
per currency, even as law as five dollar 1
' notes, and contrast it with the inconvenience j
and expense of a currency much more,!
j metallic, as it txists in France, he will be j
i persuaded that for a people like ours in j
I Atnrrica, and even for the French people, j
such a paper currency is far the best, and j
i preferable in every point of view.
It cannot escape observation that the in- i
solution whose credit is safe for bills of the |
| denomination of 500 francs must certainly !
i be safe for bills or only 25 or of 50 francs j
| each. If a bank can be made to act hon- j
j es:ly relative to the former class of hills, j
j certainly it can be made equally honest in ;
I regard to bills of the latter cla^s. And i
j hence, more depends upon the men admin.
| is!ering any system of banking that mayjbe
j determined upon than upoa the mere ele'
ments ofthe system itself.
Village Lighted by Natural Gas.? ;
The Village of Freedoms, in the wes:ern j
part of the State of New York, presents j
this singula* phenomenon^ Village is forty i
, miles from ftufTulo, and about two from!
: a small bift rapid stream ealled the Canad. j
; oway, r,asses through it, and after turning j
, several miles, discharges into the lake be,
lo*V ; near the mouth is a neat small harbor J
with a light house. While removing on j
i old mill, which stood partly over this stream,
! in Fredonia, three year since, some bubbles j
j were observed to break frequently from the
water, and on trial were found to be inflam..
: mable.
A company was formed, and a hole an j
j inch and a half in a diamct being bored
| through the rock, a soft foetid lime stone,
j the gas left its natural channel ascended j
! through this. A gasomtcr was constructed, j
j wflit a small house for its protection, and !
! pipes being' Nd, the gas is conveyed through ,
i the whole village. One hundred lights ure ;
! fed from it, more or less, at an expense of ;
one dollar and a half yearly for each. Tho
; streets and public churches are lighted with
! it. *
' The flame is large, but not so strong or
j brilliant as that from the gas in our cities;
: it is, however, in high favor with the inhab!
itants. The gasometer, I found on mens- j
I urement. collected eighty-eight cubic feet
j in twelve hours during the day; but the!
' man who has charze ot it told me that more
| might be procured with a larger apparatus.!
i About a mije from the Village, and in ,
| the same stream, it comes up in quantities
! four or five times as great. The contrac.
tor for the light house, purchased the right
to it, and laid pipes to the lake, but found it
impossible to make it descend, the difTerj
ence in elevation being very great. It pre.
j ferrcd its own natural channels, and bubj
bled up beyond the reach of his gasomter.
1 The gas is carburetted by drogen, and is ;
\ supposed to come from beds of bituminous j
' coji t Only visible, however, here, j
j and to a great extent along the southern j
| shore of the lake, is foetid lime stone.? j
I Brewster's Journxl.
I |
CHINESE SKILL.
In the art of engraving the Chinese excel.
The rapidity with which they carve
their intricate and complicated characters
i is really surprising, and not to bo imitated
| by European artists, in the same style of
I execution, and at the same low prices. A
i London engraver was surprised when he
learned, that what would cost sixty or eighty
shillings in England, might be accomplished
by a Chujase workman for half!
a crown. In seal engravings they are not
behind our own countrymen, and in ivory
and ebony, tortoise-shell, and mother~of_
pearl, their carving surpasses that of mosl
j other artists. The celebrated Chinese balls,
j one in the other, to the amount of seven or
I nine, all exquisitely carved, have puzzled
i many of our English friends ; who have
: been atta loss to know, whether they were !
j cut out of a solid piece, or cunningly in.
| troduced by some imperceptible opening,j
i one within the oth*r. There can be no j
I doubt, however,of their having been origi- j
| naily but one piece, and cut uademe*th j
! from the various apertures, which the balls |
contain, until one afier another is dislodged ;
j and turned, and then carved like the first.
; The ivory work-boxes and fans, commonlysoldiu
Canton, exhibiting the various
j figures standing out in very bold relief
: may be considered as fair specimens ofChi,
neso skill.
j In the useful arts, the Chinese arc by nt*
means deficient; and in what contributes ?
to the necessaries, comforts, and even elc- 1
ganeies of life, show themselves to be as|
great adapts as their neighbours. The j
.....nii/nr-fnro nf silk has Inni? aiFO es~
0 0
tab isheJ among them ; and thousand of
years ago, when the inhabitants of England
were going about with naked bodies, the i
very plebeians of China were clothed in i
siiks; while the nobility there vied with <
p.mh other in the exhibition ofaoid and erul: I
broidery, not much inferior to what they
now display. In the tabled days of the
Yellow Cmper, at the commencement of the
Chinese monarchy, " the empress taught
her subjects to rear the silk-worm, and unwind
the cocoons, to make dresses, so that
the people were exempted from cold and
chilblains." When Confucius arose, the
Chinese had long been in the habit of cultivating
the silk-worm, and the general rule
then was, for "every family thai possessed
five acres ofground, to plantthe circumfer.
ference with mulberry ..trees, in order that all
above a certain aire might be clothed in
silk. Down to the present ace. the Chinosa
nrc still celebrated lor the abundance, varie^
ty, and beauty, of their silk fabricks, equaL
ling the richness of their colours, and the
beaulv of their embroidery any thing that
can be manufactured in France or England,
while the crapes of China still surpass the
products of tins western world. But they
are not only skilled in making, they ure also
attached to the wearing of gay apparel ; |
the Chinese are confessedly a well-clothed
nation, and except where poverty prevents,
the people are seen attired in silks
and crapes, as commonly as we appear in
cletli and leather. Their fashions differ
indeed from ours, hut the dressofa Chinese
gentleman or lady is as elegant in its way,
as the external appearance ot a modem
belle or beau in Europe.?Medhursi.
HEATH OF MRS. GRANT.
The Edinburgh papers announce the
death, on the 7th November, in the 81th
year of her age, of Mrs. Anne Grant, of
Laggan, widow of the Rev. James Grant,
minister of Laggan, Inverness-shire.
Mrs. Grant was a remarkable woman.
She was the daughter of an officer in the
British army, serving in the American colonies
before the war of the revolution. For
several years she was domesticated in the
Schuyler family, in Albany, or rather for
the most part, at the country seat of the
Schuylers, in YVaterliet. Portions of her
time were passed in New York, and also
among the gentry in the interior. She was
a visiter at the mansion of Sir William
Johnson, and also at the court of King
Hendriek, at the Canajoharie castle. Hendrick
was the last of the Mohawk " kings,"
so called. He fell at Lake George, under
Sir william Johnson, in 1T55.
When the British government determined
to erect a formidable fort at Oswego,
Mrs. Grant, though quite young, was with
the iadies of the officers of the army who
accompanied their husbands, when they cut
their way through the woods from the Mohawk
valley to Oswego, and afterwards
gave a most interesting and picturesque
account of the expedition, and their resi
deuce in the wilds of Oswego.
She was yet young when she returned to
Scottland?but not too young to remember
what she had seen, and with whom she had
been acquainted. Accordingly, after the
publication of a work descriptive ofScot'ish
scenery and manners, under the title of
" Letters from the Mountaius," in two vol*
urrus, she a second time appeared as an author?and
a delightful author she proved
herself, in the a mirable work?" Memoirs
I of an American Lady.".
The subject of this memoir was Madame
j Schuyler, mother of General Schuyler.
I But it is not stmply a memoir, being rather
I a history of the life and times of that disi
tinguished lady. The descriptions given
' in that work, of the early society and manners
of Albany, the admirable sketches of
character which its-presents ; the personal
anecdotes with which its abounds: together
with a thousand other things appertaining
to the history of those days?all told with
the most agreeable ar.d ar less simplicity
?render that book one of the most enter
taintng and instructive volumes, concerniog
the history of our own country, that
we have ever read.
Her death will be sincerely mourned by
the few of her survivors at Albany, who
had the happiness to know her in the freshness
and buoyancy of her own youth and
their's.?N. F. Com. Adv.
D1SDOVERY OF MUMMIES AT DURANGO MEXICO.
A million of Mummies, it is stated, have
lately been discovered in the environs of
Durango, in Mexico. Tbcy ore in a sitting
posture, but have the same wrappings,
hands and ornaments of the Egyptians ;
among them was found a poignard of flint,
with a sculptured handle, chaplets, necklaces
dec. of alternately colored beads,
fragments of bones polished like ivory, fine
worked elastic tissues, (proably our modern
India Rubber cloth,) mocasions worked like
those of our Indians to-day, bones of vipers.
&c. It is unknown of the mummies above
mentioned what kind of embalment was
used, or whether it was nitrous depositions
* .1 c?j A
in caves wuere iney were iuuuu. n. jati
of importance is stated, that the shell of the
necklace are of a marine shell found Zaca.
tecas, on the Pacific, where the Columbus
of there forefathers probably therefore land,
ded from the Malay, Hindostan or Chinese
coas' or from their islands in the Indian
ocean.
Signor Foresti, an I'alian exile who arrived
in this country about two years since,
has been appointed Professor of Italian Literature
at Columbia College, New York,
formerly filled by Lorenzo Da Ponte, but
Fft vacant by his demise last summer. The
New York American says that Signor Forunti
tfnc n in<iu!f nt Fijrrara, but
VsOlt l?UC) U | VII '* W*iv?. ? ?. ?
expressing opinions displeasing to the Austrian
government he was condemned to
perpetual imprisonment, which, after fourteen
years passed in the dungeons of Speilbug,
was commu'ed to perpetual exile.?
Ph#. National Gazette.
The Respirator.?Mr. Combe has exhibited
in New York, an ingenious contrivance
called a Respirator, invented in Eng
land, to obviate the irritating effect of cold
air upon the lungs, in authmatic and consumptive
pation s. The Respiratoris worn
over the mouth and is constructed onstrictIv
scien'ific princip'es. Itcor?i*fc f f the
instrument proper and its appendages. The
instrument is formed ot a number of wire
plates or seives made somewhat after the
manner of those of Davy's safety lamp, and
fixed in a flexed frame. The breath in passing
through the plates yields its caloric to
the wires, and this caloric is taken up by
the cold air which is drawn through the instrument
during inspiration, and thus raised
from the freezing point to from 60 to 80
degrees, according to the quality of the Respirator
used. The air too* in its passage,
inward, parts with the grosser irritating
particles which it mav mntaii*.
The Respirator is recommended bysomo
of the first medical men in England. Mr.
Combe says a friend of his who had for
some time coughed so much during the
night as to be hardly able to sleep, was enabled
to do so without disturbance on the
first night of wearing the instrument, and
until he recovered.
Discovery of a new Continent.?M.
Dubonzel, an offioer attached to the French
expedition to the South Pole, ha9 written a
letter dated Valparaiso, March 30, confirming
the details given by M. D. D'Urville.
A new circumstance mentioned by
I him in the discovery of a great continent
j to the south of South Shetland. " We
i carefully explored and determined," says
| that offic.r, " forty leagues of coast not- '
i withs'andiug the surrounding ice." This
discovery is a real service to nautical and
geographical science.
France and Africa.?The conquests
of France in Africa arc saiVI tn k? ..
| W WWIM ?w W Mil VUVIJ
I very extensive, and are still progressing.
They now spread over so wide a surface
as to require an army of one hundred thousand
men to guard the frontier, and keep
the fierC* Arabs in check. Prom all ac. %
counts, the territory of France in Africa is
larger than in Europe, and from present in.
dications promises to expand till the Desert
ofSaharra becomes the boundary. Her
possessions, however, in Barbary will prove
troublesome acquisitions. The native
tribes cannot be easily subdued or conciliated*
There is too much of the wild,
untamed Ishmalitc in the temperaments of
the followers of Abdel Kader, ever to submi;
to foreign yoke without many a desderate
struggle. Hence wo tear of continual
insurrections in the newly subjugated
provinces. As fast as one rebel is put
down another daring Shieck raises the stani
I * I- T_ .L! .1 1
aara 01 revcw. io mis way me colonists
are kept in constant alarm, and are as un*
safe in their property and lives as were the
first settlers of Virginia and Kentucky from
the depredations of the Indians. This state
of things cannot last long. The barbarism
of Africa must eventually bow down under
the footsteps of Europeans civilization ;and
the northern coasts of that continent will,
ere long, present the spectacle of a large
and populous kingdom?speaking the language,
governed by the laws, and enlightened
by the institutions of one of the first
nations of Europe.?N. O. Bulletin.
NEwYoBK.Jan 16. ^
From tue East. The advices from
India in our latest London papers are not
quite so favorable to the preservation of
> peace, or to British in'eresest, as those by
the last previous arrivals. It is said now
> that Rsnject Singh, the powerful rajah off
Punjaub, has exhibked marks of ill-will, it i
not of positive hostility, to the Anglo Indian
government; and that Lord Auckland.
* the Governor general, has been completely
duped by him, in coming to the conclusion
that his nliancc was to be depended on.
It is stated in the Delhi Gazette of Sept.
5ih, that the Candahar chiefs have sided
with the Shah of Persia in his war against
the sovereign of Herat. Tnihis sixtAmant
is appended the following remark, which
gives an insight into the motives of the Anglo
Indian government.
This information is satisfactory as it
| affords ample justification, were aiy need'.
I ed, of the measures for aiding Shah Kam;
ran which our government have adopted ;
j and also holds out somo prospect to our
galinnt friends, of becoming acquainted
' with the contents of the Candahare treasure
! chests and Sundoogchcs. Success attend
them !
A letter received from Havana, dated
the 4th instant mentions the arrival of the
United States ship Natchez at that port, on
the 1st.- She entered the harbor in beautiful
style, during a u Norther," exchanging
salutes with theCaptain General of Havana
and the Spanish Admired. The French
ship-of.war Creole had arrived a few hours
before, and her commander, the Prince de
Joinville, honored the Natchez with a visit.
k an! ?.a nf tnentv.nnp mins Vfit fimrt frnm
fl aaiuic w? ? MWUI
her decks asibe royal tar stepped on board,
which was immediately retnrned by the
Creole. The intercourse between Capt.
B. Page, of the Natchez, and the young
Prince, was accompanied with the cordiality
characteristic of their profession. The
son of Louis Phillipe is said to be very pop.
! ular with his brother Captains, both of the
| British and American navy. There were
ia number of French ships at Havana,
| bound to the westward, despatched, as con.
! ccltired, for more troops.?N. O. Bulletin,
j Wisconsin Lead.?Governor Dodge in
i his message, says that upward of the milI
lions of pounds of lead arc sent east annual.
! ly from the mines of Wisconsin. It now
j goes by the way of New Orleans to New
| York, but from the internal improvements
| now going on, in two years it will pass
; through the lakes and down the Erie canal.
St. Louis.?The anuual value of exports
| from St. Louis is estimated at two millions
' 'IaILm Tho okInmontc a< lead. alone*
\J 1 UUlldlO* A MG aili|/ai?v?'kv ,v? ,
nro stated, to be equal to half a million, and
the turs 400,000 dollars in a year. The
j aggregate value of horses and mules sent
1 from Missouri into the cotton growing States,
during the past year, is estimated at 150,000
! dollars. I
RALEIOII AND COLUMBIA RAIL ROAD.
I The hands broke ground on this road, in
| the north-west corner of this city, on Wedj
nesdav last; but when and where they will
ha:?, wo arc not advised. It is,-however,
A