Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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siv in explanation of the hmgineet's Report.: n w ?iclt we repeat is full ami explicit in the examination ofall the subjects embraced in I it. " - | ti \\v proceed to present briefly, th 'views v which have occurred to us in relation t*> t! e c questions which yon required us to investi- n gate and report on. " a On the comparative advantages of the k two modes of transportation, by water and r bv Rail Roads, a single observation issufli !a fient. It ts very common to read and to j a hear of general rules, and universal cxperi- i ii . once, on this subject, but a moment's reflec- i v ' . tion will show that it is preposterous to assert; v that anv- rule derived from experience in I one case, can be nccessar.lv true when tip- e plied to alt. " j( The facility of transportation coasts s in | \ rapid ty and cheapness with which it is of- j t fecf?si; and comparison of the facilities of j r different methods of transportation is very 1 r much modified, by tbc local circumstances j [ of the country *o which it is intended to re-' < tor. The idea is easily illustruteii bv an (t example. Two -inland towns- are equally j J remote from the sea-port wlirclr furnishes I < merchandize, and is ilie outlet to fhe exjK>rta- j < */ lion's of l)o:h: the* one communicates with 11 . the sca-port through the medium of a navi.-j { gable stream, in ten days, the other in five:, j hod) arc competitors for the trade of an in-1? tcrior country equally convenient to them; | the latter of course has the advantage in the ; < facilities of trasportation and must ou'slrip \ the o:her in trade, but hy this one, by the j consYuc'ion of a Rail Road, niay?omtnu* c nicate daily-with the sea-port, though at an f increased expense, and must necessarily I'f 1 draw to its market the"larger portion of the : j produce of the interior, and* sell a proper tionatclv increased. quantity of merchan- | dize: it Incomes ;i qnes ion, whether the \ beneficial results of this improved method Y of transportation will.remunerate the great- ( cr expanse with which it is attended; and in ji general, the deliberation will not be long, : t nor its conclusion doubtful. ( The profit derived from - tlie additional s quantity of merchandize sold, will bo fount! c amply sufficient to cover this enlarged ex- jppnse ofgetting it: while, from the facilities ,.r .of rapid and immediate exportation, the 1 g merchant will bo enabled to-buy the" staple t productions of the country wi h more liber- ti " . alitv"to the producer, and less danger to him- , !i self from the fluctuations in the foreign mar-j ket. Water transportation mav be in! *| general, the c!icapesf, hut it often happens, n i - >i i.v? thru cheapness is 1101 souesirawe as rupiuuy. o " It is obvious^ therefore, that any .abstract f Comparison mji9t !jc extremely fallacious,j p and the inquiry must, in all cases, retbr to n the expediency of the improvement under j c iye circumstances in which it is proposed, ji We believe, that whatever-may be the rude ; p i ' and has'y opinions of the ignorant and un- c - rejecting, as to the expediency of our pro- p J jeeted Rail Road, there can he no doubt in i s 'he minds of intelligent persons .who have J given the subject a very slight considera-! (. _ lion. It is true "that nature has afforded the , j, facilities of a tolerably navigable stream to 1 n it ' a portion of the country interested in our j a undertaking, but it is becoming daily metre s appareriMbat thePecdeo is an inadequate () fvmnnel tor the commerce of ol our grow- ,j ing inland towns,- and particularly of the ! ? Nourishing town of Chora \\y which stands ' J at the head of'its navigation, and whose [0 * * prosperity should be regarded . with solici- ; n tudp by every citizen of the adjacent Dis- s, tricts. -It, i Kverv step taken to improve the methods c of travel and transport, is decided advance ; b in civilization. -The frequent and rapid in- a lercomniunication of the people of different o countries, or of various and distant sections of the same country, Jonds not only to the n cultivation of the social sympathies of man- o . kind, to the enlightment of the mind, by the ;t mutual exchange and comparison of the c new idea's in the arts and sciences wh'ch j tj . each, is continually originating. In the one 1 0 cascymt o alp-ejiu' t ; are disnplled; and j. "a sense of kindness and mutual dependence i p created by the perception of the wants which : j, they reciprocally supply to each other. In j the secrtnd case, the same result is obtain- j cd and enhanced- by the greater necessity 11 ' -I- ?k.it innmKripc nf tliA e*i>no 1 < WlllUI 11/^1411* o U"H lliv/ IIIV.UIWV/IO vi uiv-omiiiv j j, political society shonld !>c cemented by the : t( Closest ties of interest and friendship. j j, The impression-of uniform feauMirrs of tl national character, which will always be () constituted of the most perfect attributes of q ' each portion; and the dissemination into all y the other parts of the highest intelligence of c the most enhghtned?for it is the natural; c tendencv of knowledge to diffuse aifd equal- v izc itself,?maybe numbered among-the n necessary and most desirable consequences, fl These.may be said, are ends desirable it r it is true, but too abstract and contingent to c justify the means which they cos\ What, -fj then, arc the pratical benefits which may ! s he appreciated bv every one, and rated in f i 11 .... i .?V rPu--T . i > dollars unci CCIK>?; i ic must uuviuus unu ! e important is that which has been already ! v intimated?the great accession to the trade I fJ of the towns, the reduced price at which L the merchants will be able to sell to the j | consumers in the country, and the enhanced ! p value of the s:aple commodities, from the j s more rapid communication with the foreign ; t markets in which the necessary articles of. ^ lite am bought and the produce sold. I j From the "rivalry which exists in the * inercan'ilc community, as in every o her t' i profession, which exists in the mercantile 1 community,as in every o her profession,!! each will sell h:s goods at the smallest pos- i c sible advance on the original cost, each will j t give for produce the highest price which* lie can reasonably hope to rualiezein the for- -j * eign market. There can then be no di- i1 versity of interest between the merchant, and the agriculturest: and whatever advan- j i tagc the one will derive from improvement t m the methods of transport, is sure to be 11 telt bv the other in their K liest extent. ! i The delay which occurs in getting the t Cotton of the Foedee country to Charleston s or Now York, where it is intended to be j 1 sold, has been the most serious obstucle to ; t riio prosperity of the merchants, and in many ; i instances the cause of great disorder audit " fire loss ?n a single seas ?n of" a!? fliti* had ; ceumulatcd during many years of industry, nterprize .and economy. As soon as the produce received by the lcrchant in exchange for goo Is can be cono o cried into cash, it becomes a part of bis apitul, and ought to bear interest; every lomcnt then of delay, which might bt Voided, in transporting, produce to mac ;ef, debars him of the use of his capital* 1 nav be said with confidence that the overgo time which elapses between thepurchse of Cotton in the town of Cheraw, anc ts transfer to other hands, is at least; nonth, and the same average delay occur: nth regard to all the Cotton produced in tin Vedoe country. The interest of the mow :v laid out in Cotton during the season a ^ ho raw exceeds $60,(KK), the Cotton hcir.j valued at 1.V2 cents per po.und. The lps: o the merchants of that town, inrheCotfot umuallv bought hy them, occasioned, b^ he unavoidable delay in getting it to mar cet, is noaily $5000. This alone may th? lubjectcd to the same delay.apply it to seen itfiMir 'liitt Pvt.Mlfl flip P<!imMfPtr? a!! till ( l/iu ?"?V. Merchandize w11ic!i is drugging its paci slowly up tho river, or is detained ii jreorgrtovn, unable to get transport, s< ong that the merchants' no:es frequentl; 'all due before a single dollar has been rea ized, and the result will be found-that th< mm thus lost, approximates very near totlv innual legal interest of the estimated cos )f the Rail Road, which is to obviate all de ay. Tito price of insurance which will b< endered unnecessa.v, and .the entire ex tmption from the apprehension and ri'sl )f loss from any ordinary casualty, woult urnish topics for further observation, but i s deemed needless to pursue the discussion rhe expediency of the project must be ap >arei!t to every one. Its practicality in solves the simple question, will the Stocl ica profitable investment?--'for if .'bis b* established, there will he capital enougl tnxious to engage in it. This is thercfon he important matter to determine; and you Commissioners have to congratulate them elves that the explicit and sadsfac ory viev if the subject, which .Mr. White has incor lorakjd in his Reporo, superscedes the ne ^c.sjbUy oJ. any detailed calcula ion from them lis statement of the profi s accruing fron rav'cl and freight; is a very fair and itnpar ial estimate, and he has wisely avoidei lazarding any thing that might appear im robable or excessive. It is a statement o lie smallest amount of profit that would be ;in to accure the instant the road went ink pcration, without any regard to the increase io:h in travel and in freight which the im? roved convenience always induces. Foi nost of the luvuries and many of the mere omforts of hre are so subject to decay an< injury in being conveyed from the place o roduc'.ion or manufacture, that they car mly 1)0 enjoyed by .those who have ibe op mi**11n11*.* .a'i?rrvrMirrimr tht.'in frennontlv ant w. y. ,,.v~ B j peedily.. It has boon invariably found too, thatl!>c juantity of travel between any two points 1 creases in a two fold proportion upon the oust ruction oFa Rail Road. Those items re not contingent, but certain and necesarv.?4Tiiev ought, therefore, to be had in v O 7 lind in our estimates. It is not to be unerstood fluit they refer to the gradual rowtli of Commerce, which consists in Inreused exports and imports, and renders, f course., additional travel necessary, "his is the usual hut not the necessary conrtnnpiiro. What is alluded t#is the multi lying of the wants of a people, which is a used by the opportunity of indulgence,? y the introduction of new articles of taste, mi the pruriency to go abroad, is excited r aggravated bv the facilities of.travelling oO D Bm let us confine ourselves to the cs.i. . late. The gross receipts from passengers eight and mail carriage is $1.13,050. Ait llowance of $90,000 is made for current xpensos, which is more than two-thirds oi tc whole income. We would remark in as'sing that we'have before our eves the ist Annual Report ofthe Petersburg Rail load Company, whose expenditure, for an leome of $107,018 83, was but $45, 33U 9, much less than half. The cxpendi ure onsists mainly, if not entirely, in the money lid out in elfecting transportation, in fuel, ibor, Arc. and in repairing the -wear and jar. The sum must, therefore, bear near. v a fixed proportion to the income ; for il he expense of conveying a large quantity f transportation and repairing the conse. uent wear of ihe Road and Engines, be ery considerable, the receipts must be of a orrespon Jing magnitude ; with this only txception, that " a long Rail Road can be rorked with greater relative economy thar . short one." There is no reason, there, are, why our expenses on a road of eighty rules should exceed two-thirds of the re. eipts while on the Petersburg Rail Road o 10 miles, it is less than half.- We are con. trained to think the allowance excessive or the probability derived from reason ant experience is, that the expenses of our Roat vould be proportionably less than on tha Jluded to. Admit it not to be so, however mdonly sufficient to cover all possible ex lenses, the residue of the income will'vieh l clear and unfailing dividend of more thai even per cent. But can the profits dcriv*. :d from the work immediately after its com iletion remain stationary ? It is unreason ible to suppose. But it is the prospective riew of its operations that lias excitocl out nost saguinc hopes of its success. I.s con tection with similar undertakings whicl lave been commenced, and must be ac romplished, promise to extend its advan aires verv far beyond the wants of thosr O << vho originated tiie design, and to make it; stock almost as proli.ablcas avarice coulc lesire. . In pursuance of the great project of form ng a continuous chain of Rail Road Iron he Federal City to New Orleans, whici ias been accomplished or is under contrac is far South as Raleigh, in Nonh Charolina he Legislature of that State, at its last ses ?ion,granted a character to the South Caro inu hue. Sufficient Stock has been taker o secure the Charter and authorize the or gnn'zation of the Company : and no doubt i: ti'orfained that the work will be prosccu c< mined and finished ir a v-rv > ol????? years. ](enters into the design to continue | the line through G'iicraw, Camden and Co- J. ! lumbrn, to " Angus'a, in Georgia. Buti o 7 o ! should our own keep pace frith it in its con; i struction as farns Cheraw, npd he accom' plished within the same or a.shorter time, i the probability is, that through a daily line _of Steam Boats from the Depot on the t .Wacamaw to Charleston, and thence by the j - .Hamburg Rail Road, we will ofFer a con. tinuatian so nearly direct and so advantag1 eous from its connection wfth Charleston,, i that it will not lw) deemed necessary to expend the original design beyond Cheraw.. i j If these anticipations be realized, our Rail | Road mu*t become the channel through t! which the immense number of passengers, I ! whom business or curiosity carries' from ; s ' South to North must pass, .mid 75 or 100 j i | per day is a minimum estimate. The re-1 f ceipts from this source alone will yield a 1 - drvidencd of more 30 per cent. But even if the direct'chaiti of.eomn un1 ication bo continued across the country to e Augusta, by far the larger.proportion would B prefer passing through Charleston, if this 1 easy and rapid convenience of doing^so 1 were afforded ; certainly at least a sufficient y number to swell the receipts very fur bey. j " yond the most profitable mercantile oragri^ e" cultural investment vnor are these calculuv l' tions visionar)?tiiey are predicated on the :t wants of the country, and the indomitable I * energy and perscrving enterprize which has already accomplished greater under' takings, and surmounted every difficulty ^ I VMIAArvAHlft* uiai i uiuii |;IU9|'CIII^> It may be proper to mention as another source of profit, arisirce from . our connocJ tion with the Raleigh Rail Road, thai it will intersect the Western Rail Road from Fay. * etteville to the Yadkin, at a point nearly equidistant from Favetteville and Cheraw. The advantage whidi a Rail Road communication with the sea hoard will give to ^ the latter town, will enable it both to under, sell and bid higher for produce than the formcr; we must, therefore, expect to. see a very large and wealthy portion of our sister. State become tributary to., the comcnerce of Cheraw and the transportation of our Rail " Road. ... .. *. . . 1 At the last session qf Congress, an npj propriation was made for a survey of the Atlantic coast, \v?tl? the view of ascertaining f the practicability of opening au inland water communication between Norfolk and j Charleston. The examination has been 3 commenced under the superintendence of a . , distinguished officer of the U. S. Corps of r j Engineers, and it is. confidently believed j that the result of the survey will be very I favorable to the undertaking. Indeed so p eminently is the nature of the coast adapted , to the improvement, and so important are the commercial and political advantages of j such a communication, that it is a matter of I some surprise that it lias not, at an 'earlier j *Ua ittnnlilin.r?r flio ffftwrn. | |K_*nUU, ulli auilu inv/ kiiviiiumi w> ...v [ j men?, or of the capitalists who have been so ' ! industriously seeking now modes of investj ing their surplus funds. As a medium of. ' 1 commercial communication, it will combine ! ' i the rapidity and safety of the Rail Road with 1 i the cheapness of water transport; and as an J j auxiliary of defensive operations on the coast ! in time of*war, it is of such incalculable value, that in these days of liberal construe' fion, the right to make appropriations not otily for the survey but for the actual accomplishment of it,.may be very easily embraced in the incidental powers of the Gov. crnment. A Canal through the Dismal | Swamp, opening into the Sounds which exj I tend along tho coast of North Carolina, and tare so well prWec'ed by its numerous Capes, j will afford fair S.cam Boat navigation for J considerably more than hiflf the distance, with a very small expenditure in removing 1 shoals, a chain of Cannals thence to the ; Cape Fear River, and thenceto the Wacarrutw, of no great length, and, from proxirrt1 i:y to the coast, of comparatively small la. bor and expense, will connect the Soiinds with the finest navigable stream in the Souih' j eru country, which runs parallel with the '; coast for a distance of more than fifty miles. f | It_ will, of course, afford to us nil the ad. i vantages to be expected from having such 1 a channel of communication wiih the Mid' die States pass bv our Depot. On these advantages it is unnecessary to enlarge. ' ,n' ^ 1 f Un ctiKiOpf i 1 J l nus iac we nave consiuen-u im- .*j , I chiefly in reference to Northern commerce | ' j unci travel; but does it not occur to you that j I there is another view,'the. consideration of j II which calls to its aid not only the interest | r \ but the patriotism of every South Carolinian? : With an ancient and large sea' port, whose 1 geographical position would point it out to a stranger as necessarily the importing town for the whole Southern country; the wealth, j intelligence and hospitality of whose citizens f have always been the pride and boast of the State ; with a species of labor superior for ?i cheapness and efficiency to that which is ' employed in the Northern States; with a ' soil rich and fruitful in the production of * the commodity which constitutes the medium * of exchange for the necessaries and luxur-1 ies of life obtained from every portion of the , ' globe, and the great demand for which, in , 1 foreign markets, has so long maintained the ; balance of trade in favor of the U. States, j I ?hosv can the fact be accounted for, that j j the people ofSoutli Carolina, the very mcr-' J j chantsof Charleston, surrounded bv so many] | advantages for an immediate intercourse i i with foreign nations, should still conduct its j I trade almost entirely through the medium.ofj ' ! Northern cities ? We send our Cotton for j i Northern speculation to pick upon, before' ' [ it goes to the Factory, and are basely con-, 5 i tent to pay tribute at the counters of New. II York merchants for the very merchandize | ; which we might buy in foreign markets, I > and sell cheaper in Charleston than they | ) j could possibly do. What cause for humili-; i iation and reproach ! . But what is the re- j t nicdy ? Shall we hang down bur heads! , and blush, and still quiteiy cling to our! - shame? No. The pride of the State is cx-j cited, the spirit of enterprise is abroad, and i the period is not uis'ant when Charleston . will assert the privileges of her position, and, j ?; ; vindicating her right to all the advantages , J vvh cii nature has conferred on her wUlj a*.iiie for th? mv.tMh? of the pas? hv lite pervading.. benefits which her future prosperity will diffuse over the whole Slat-4. The ultimate success of the Chnrler'on and Cincinnati Rail Road is no longer the subject of scepticism and ungenerous prophecies of faction. It must-succeed, and its effect on the co nmcrce of Charleston, in constituting itthegreat emporium of South crn and Western trade, is as certain as the uniform and undeviatiiig effect of any physical or moral cause can be. In this event, fhe merchandize of South and North Carolina- must of course he bought there. The produce of the Country must be sent there in return, and the Cheraw and Waco maw Rail Road will do the transportation of a district ofcoun'ry treble in extent to that which now depends on the navigation ofthe Peedee. And it'tliis*hope were our only resource, it is with pride anc satisfaction tha* we would stake the-rewards ^ * * ^ unonlto /tf ( Mlrj I* 01 OUT enterprise un mun-auiia v i ni-> vilul! lesion and Cincinnati Rail Road. We i would most willingly identify the success o | the two undertakings, and abide the result. .With regard to the. physical -prncticnbili: ty of our projecS the opinion of Mr. White 1 is relied on with great confidence as more assuring to the .community than any opinion that we would express. There is proba. bly no section of country of equal extent in the Atlantic States, over which a Rail Road could be constructed at so small an expense, whether we regard the absence of natural obstructions, or the cheapness and excellence of the necessary, materials. Witli the exception of the Greataiid Little Peedees, there is scarcely a single water course the whole route which deserves .consideration as an item indie estimates of cos'. Timi her of the very bes: kind, for the wooden | supers: ructure, is convenient to every point. | and will cost liitle more than tiie mere lubot of cutting and hewiog. . * The surface of the country is almost ti perfect level, and the soil so light that the excavations and embankments necessary to remedy occasional inequalities, are of conn parat vely trifling expense. On the whole, it is the unequivocal opinion of your Commissioners, that the pro. jected Rail Road* from the town ofCher.iw to the Wacamawis highly expedient and practicable in every point of view. And now, having discharged the duties you were pleased to assign to us, imperfect, ly we are aware, but with zeal and with the best ability we possessed, your Commissioners beg leave, in conclusion, to address you a few words on the course to be pur sued ai thispeculiaccrisis ofaffairs. ' Less than.flvc months ago, wc assembled to consider the propriety of undertaking a work of ereat and acknowledged public utility. At that time, and for several years antecedent to it, our State had enjoyed an unexampled degree ofcommercial and agri. cultural prosperity, and the zeal and.cnergy of her citizens in the institution of works ol public improvement, was beginning to be proportionate -to the extent of her resources and the manifest wants of her commerce. We felt then, that the Peedee country had the ability, we knew it had the determination, to prosecute successfully, an undertaking so loudly demanded by the necessities of its existing commerce, so fruitful of the elements of new wealth and increased prosperity. But the aspect of affairs has changed J It little matters what was the cause whether the bad policy of an infatua'ed government, the rash spirit of overtrade and* speculation, or an inherent defect and tendency to derangement in the monetary system of the country; whether either, or all of these cadses combined, have produced the effect, it is certain that the country labors under pecuniary embarrassment, wholly unprecedented jn the annals of its finance. True, the difficulties did not commence here, and have not been felt by us in rhe full extent of the disastrous ruin and bankruptcy which had spread far and wide over the larger'portion of the confederacy. But so closely interwovon are our commercial relations, so nicely constituted is our monetary system, that the derangement of a single part must dis'urb the operations of the -whole machinery. We could not, therefore, reasonably expect to escape entirely, the pervading misfortunps of the-country. . But happily, we have had so li tis connection with the fiscal agents of the Government, and have been so slightly infected with the mania of speculation, that we Have participated in these embcrrasshients only in such a degree as was inevitable from our commercial relation's with those States in. which they originated, and where they have inflicted such overwhelming calamity on every class of society. \V'e have no fear that they can become aggravated with us. and their only effect will he a temporary depression of trade and a slight restraint of the resources -i i. mi. ? ... ? ; WHICH w umu iwiv?;gi?*ji us uu iiiiiiicuui,^ ability commensurate with tlte zeal and energy with which we have commenced our works of Internal Improvement. What, under these circumstances, will he the conduct of the intelligent and enterprising community, whose in'erest are so deeply involvedin the issue of our undertaking ? Will it yield to the apparent difficulties of the times, or will it proudly show itself superior to the influence .of foreign misfortune or folly ? We do not pause for a icpl v. Assured by the energy and fortitude which has always characterized our State, we confidently believe that the present embarrassments, arising from no fault of our own, will onlv s:imuO # ' f late our fellow citizens to renewed exertions to accomplish a work which will assist in elevating the prosperity of our beloved State above the control of adventitious circumstances. We repent it, our resources, tliQjgli embarrassed, arc not diminished ; our ability, though temporarily suspended, is not impairid. Let us then with stout hearts and firm determination, nerve ourselvos' to ih'c unicriaking and resolve that it shall be accomplished. D. S. IIARLLEE. W. T KLLERHK. T. C. EVANS. / = -/ S.i*J I AGRICULTURAL. I I CULTURE OF ONIONS. | j Willi some few exceptions, onions arc ! usually raised south of New England, from " /? sell.s grown in the autumn of the previous year, a general impression prevailing ihat they cannot he matured from seed the same season. - This opinion we know from ex* perience to bit erroneous, and as such belief has interfered materially with the cultivation of this excellent vegetable, we deem ; it our duty to state the result of a .small experiment we made the present season, with a view of testing whetheronions could . or could not be grown from seed the same . .season. . On a small bed in our garden contigu. ous to our kitchen,we caused the suds made 7 s | through the last winter to be thrown. Early v the last spring we had the bed dug up and .. thoroughly^pulverized, then spread over it a ? slight dressing of unleached ashes, which f was raked in. We then laid off the bed in drills 12 inches apart, and sowed white onion seed therein, as thinly as the operar , fion could be performed with .the hand.? , As the young onions became fit, to use, We thinned out the patch, leaving, those that remained .about 4 inches apart.- On the ( 14th of this month, the onions were gaiherj ed, and we had the pleasure of finding that they were fully as large as those ich had | been raised "from sets of last fall's growth. One which we measured was inches in circumference, a size large enough for all culinary purposes. . . We will venture upftyi the assertion, that if suitable soil be selected, and the ground be well manured, that onions can not only ( be raised, hut matured from seed sown,in i All tlint is rpfuiisite to insure a ! good crop is to plant at the proper distance in the rows, thin out earl vj keep the ground well stirred around the roots, and the bed L clean front weeds. .With proper care we ! believe .that 100 bushels of onions may be raised on an acre, - which at the - price they bring in -the market -would prove a crop sufficiently lucrative to satisfy any but a mind inordinately imbued with avarice. Farmer tip Gardener. I Spring wheat.?A number ofgentlemcn, residing in Augusta county, last.npi'ing procured and sowed small'quantities of the Italian or Spring Wheat. The Staunton f Spectator says' that the experiment lias been highly satisfactory and successful in every : instance. "The Senior G.iitor [of the Spectator] got a bushel, whiclf, afrer cleansing it of the oats which was mixed ivlth i{, I left about .seven-eigHrs." This was sown about the middle of March, on a hill side, from which .two crops had been taken wrtli.. out manuring, and the jrfeld is estimated by ( judges at from fifteen to twenty bushels ; there being something over thirty dozen.. It , is a bearded grain, the heads large and well * filled, end the straw of ft. beau.iful bright , yellow. We have heard of one gentleman whose yield from a peck is fourteen dozen. ,, Benjamin Crawford, F^sq., who also succeeded in.procuring about a bushel and a half of the seed from New York, w.e under, stand es'imateS his yield al about twentyfive bushels." TTT- 1 ..... XT . < ft. * irtncncsier, vu. wp. m From the Farmer <Sl Gardener. Spring .IVhcat an I Baden Corn!"?A gentleman in Washington wri cs tints to his friend in this city: " 1 write to inquire how ypur spring wheat succeeded. I have hud a line crop in Indiana. My son writes that we shall have 30 bushels an acre, and the quality very fine. The land was sward, ploughed in 1836, and- the wheat harrowed in last May or the close of April. 1 have 200 I bushels o.i 7 acres. My Baden Corn is doing well. Some stalks have 11 ears on them : many stalks *5, G and 7 cars. Button Com.?On examing some of our cars of .Dutton corn on the 17th ins ant, we were pleased to find the grain perfectly ! hard, requiring nothing but a little-drying to fit them for grinding?The advantage of of growing this variety ufier ?a year of scarcity can be'duly appreciated by agriculturists. From our experience we are justified in believing that two crops could be grown in the same season in part of Virgin. .? i ? .i r* i: j. j in, JNorm nna ooum varumm, \j?;uigia,auu J the other southern states.?Ibid. : COOKERY. I ' Beef Sour.?The best parts for this purpose nre theleg or shin, or a piece .of the middle of a brisket of beef, of about eight pounds weight; put it into a soup-pot or deep stewpan, with cold water enough to . cover if, and a quart over; set it on a quick fire to get the scum up, which remove as it rises : then put in two carrots, two turnips, two leeks, or two large onions, two heads of celery, and a faggot of parsley ; set the ppt by the side of the fire to simmer very gently, til1 'he meat is just tender enough to eat; this will require, about four or five" hours. Put a carrot, a turnip, a large onion, and a head or two of celery, into the soup whole ?take them out as soon as they arc done ' ' ? - ? - .l!.U 11 titan nrt> j enoiign ; my mem uu ?t man mi mv; ?* >-. 'cold, then cut them into small squares-; when the beef is done take it out carefully; take off the fat, and put the vegetables that are cut into the soup, the flavor of which yon may heighten, by adding a table spoon{ ful of ca'sup. If a Thickened Soup is preferred, take four large table-spoonsful of the clear faf from the top of the pot, and lour spoonsful of flour ; mix it .smooth together, . then by degrees s ir it well into the soup, which simmer for toil minutes, longer at least; skim it well, and add the vegetables and season rug the same as directed in the clear soup.? Tennessee Farmer. IWcFFiNS.?To one quart of sweet milk, take three quarters of u pound of melted butter, and eight eggs beaten well, and as much good Hour as will make it into a stiff batter, then beat it until it is very light,-. ! bake in a tolerably q-rick oven, in natepans or l.oops.? I hid. ?/ % ' 4* ia : ' ' Tomatoes.Mrs/Child gives ll?e following directions for cookin'g this valuable vxge-; 1 tabic 44 Tomatoes should be skinned by pourjng boiling water over them.- After they " * are skinned, they should be stewed half an hour, in tin, with alft;le salt, a small bit of butter, & a spoonful of water." This method ; is for sauce to eat with roast meat for dinner. . . I When plucked greert,- tomatoes make ail exccllent-pickle.* An excellent catsup may be | made ofthenl,when ripe,intlie following manI ner. 44 The vegetable should be squeezed 1 up in the band, salt put to them ; and set. . by for twenty four hours, after being passed. i through a seiye, allspice, pepper, mace, gar1 lie, and whole mustard seed should .be added. It should be boiled down one third, arid bottled after it is cool.: No liquid is . necessary, as the tomatoes are very juicy, i A good deal ol salt and spice is necessary 1 to keep the catsup well." It is delicious . I with roust moat ; and a cup full adds much I to the richness of soup and chowder. The garlic .should bo taken out boforc the catsup j is bottled." * The Largest Snake Yet.?As Mr. Elia- ' kin.Thomas was returning on Saturday week,, from an excursion on the CntskilT mountain, he !?card a great rus-ling among . the leaves close by and presently the start, ling sound of rattles, apparently ofan enor mous snake. He s^ood momentarily upon his guard ; ' and it was well he did so, for on looking about him, he presently discovered the appaling sight of a rattle .snake, with his head at least four feet from the ground, his bo ly coil above Coil, lirs eyes flashing fire, his skin every minute changing color, and his long fangs displayed, as in the very act-of springing upon his intended victim. Such a sight would have stricken terror^ * in?n ttin cmi! nfnlmnst nnv other muYi Ovoent 11HV 1UV WW U w. ... r . the gentli/man in question. Mr; Thomas who is an old hunter, has seen ra'tlc-snakes before. ' And as this animal always gives timely warning befor-e it strikes, so Mr. /Thomas-did not irf the present instance, for a moment lose his presence of mind. # j But npt to trust himself too'near his honI ornble but dangeious enemy, he kept at a ! prudent "distance ; and* elevating his rifle, which fortunately lie had with him, he 'let fly-a charge right into the mouth of the " snake, which passing through his brain and out at the back of his head, he killed him on the spot. Then taking a hooked, stick. when he prepared for the purpose, he fas {toned it in the very oriticc lie had just made * ! in Mr. Snake's skull, and thus conveniently,' ! but with a' good deal of hard toil dragged * j him to the village ofCatskill. . There procuring a two foot rule "of a car. 'pernor he proceeded to the measureYtfentxjf his slain adversary, and found it^dimensions to be as follows Length ll feet 9 incliQs ; circumference in the largest part 12 inches ; do. round the head, 6 J inches ; do. round tl^c* first rattle 3 incites ;*do. " J round the last, two inches ; length of the j whole s'-ries of rattles, 3 feet 8 inches; num. I bcr- of rattles', 83 ; length of ihe two poison- ous fangs 2^ inches. His weight was found to be within one ounce of 27 pounds. And on frying out did oil, after being duly divested ol his skin there was found. to be very nearly five I'quar's. Thc.skin kas been stuffed,, preparatory, as we understand, to being pres. son ted to'the American Museum, in New York.' But, whatever ma7 be it's destina. ' 0 0 I tion, it cannot but prove a real treat to tno I lovers of natural history, .wheresoever they I may be. . j This irhmcuso snake is supposed to have ! been tlw patriarch of all the'" sarpints ' in | the Union. At any rate, he is helievcd to have beep the largest of his species of which we have any record. [Catskill Observer. Filial Reverence of the Turks.?An' ' equally beautiful feature in the character of . ! the Turks, is their reverence and. rCspect ' for the author of their being. Their wives' ; advice and* reprimand are uuhecded, their words are bosh?nothing, but their mother is an oracle : she is consulted, confided in, listened to with respect and deference, lion, ored to her latest hour, and remembered with affection and regret beyortd the grave. ? My wives die, "ancT I can replace theni}"* j says the Osmanb ; " my children perish, ! and others may be born unto me ; but who f ! shall restore to me her who has passed away ' and who-is seen no more.?City of the Sultan. T J r.n-j'mio J?nrt ?Tho nr.". VC*f ilM?V A l*vv? ? # <? |,. v ; vince of New Brunswick was settled by i many, very many . Refugee Tories from New York, North ar\fl South Carolina andGeorgia, the grave stones over not a few of whom are vet to be seen in the burial places of the city of St. John. They or their children are yet leaders in the affairs of the j present day.. The Province, we have not a doubt, is one of the most loyal in the Br* ! tish empire. The Tories not only mani! fested their attachment to the King in 1*776 1 by every earthly sacrifice, but to this day, [.feel an honest and an ardent attachment to the British name, invigorated by the suffer** "' ' ' nnnapt.tr TMtir. i IllgS 01 lliemseivus ui UIUII miv.wouj. * uio ; Province is now most decidedly and almost | in|mass against die French 'of Lower Cano- ' da, attacking 4 Pupineau and his faction,'in all the enthusiasm of wrath.. Their loyalty burns as.bright as ever. We highly'res; pect it, though of course we can feel no | sympathy with it?N. York Express. * . I The Gale of the 17th and 18th inst, was the most destructive of Crops in this neighborhood of any that has occurred in the recollection of our oldest Planters. The Rice was gen. -eraUy in blossom, and the caJculation.is that....? at least one fourth of the growing crop has ! been destroyed. The wind was at its height I at N. E. at midnight on Eriday night, and owin? to the fact that it did not go farther East atany time,' the waicr did not rise as high I as in 1834 by 18 inches. The blade crop, not ! gathered, is all gone?the Peas greatly injured ?and much of the Corn in the ear blown off the stalks. In town a few old and uninhabited buildings have been blown down, as have also about one fifth of our shade trees?most . ' of the fences, &c. &c. Wc understand that Mr. Stephen Ford, the 1 only (Vton Planter on South IslAnd, (which