Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, March 14, 1837, Page 278, Image 2
- io
f* m i m w ?i?. i- j> ? ? i <)
? iv.crd 111:111 :l:u! 1 :, 1 r. 1 who si mil dr. ' rul
J'vct me lioin tin* body ot'this death.*' I low at
ti?< u cnttM ih ' cav*e of iiis su'va'ion he in :n;i
;i:s ri??ht''Ousn"ss w liirli when t xamincd hv sea
Me law is it*1 iii<i so <N filed / l'i,f hesnf s.
?M Would overturn a!| ti.,it !:< h .; said m es
It's fo flui Konia.ns (s!i i>w ill ..'ion; dr
or ?? Mere aflirms abs<?!u e!v. that r.o It s'i :I.?
sbali be jus ilied l>-for.* (uidev l.'ie uo.ks a;
??Mlie law, and that even Abraham, the ? ".
i iteer of 11*- liiitiilu! was 11 >l j'is{:;ied by tin
works: lor it is sail I \\ hrahani !> law! ( ??.i ere
nod it was iinjm!ol ! > him ? ?; : !;d:Voi>s. <>
ness." .\ow a ri^filootNti-v, i:i"li is mi. >>r
pu'edto u< i< not a r-^htro :-a ss iuhrpu ? in w.
Its, otherwise ho.v it be tree that "Uy
i^raco are vo saved iht'ifidi belli. 1-0? ol a
works lost r.nv n:r: should hoes*! Ii, ex
lli?ii. si:::vw? nr * 'fat' .! a* rraiTeotis oa re- <ai
count of tlie re'it<*oussess oj a ! '.
it tut 1st U: bi-caus" Irs rrdaeonsue.-s is "mi. ur
t?tt od to tlxand rwciV'tl hv faith: ota- rts
rrwise words Iiave no meaning. ??ntl tlio m
Scro i:ros v,??,di js'-ileaeu the doctrine ii.a
' - . ii 1 ' ...... 1 . 1......a 1,...
ore 11 mm lugioin iinti r;i;e;iiir.*-w n> u.n.i h i
?i?i<i lend as lav the simple iiujuiror alt'-r di<
< rod, anil then what 1k%c-??:si s ?ili:s asser- pr
ti<>n "the wayfaring men. though lools. io
shall u /. err therein !' b'i
IXAI'Gl KAL Al?l)iU:s.S, as
Delivered l?v Vr,x 1 ?i*i:?*n. I'n-si- cu
.' ||? III* ?!l'' 1 i. : i S ":i ?'?? * ! ! 1-1
March, 1 ** *?. .
IhlLLOW CiTi7.:V\> :
The practice el*my prelectors hopes'-s
on me an oh!.gallon I checrihliv fuki!.
?- ir->
t>? accompany t ie first .ami solemn act of \
my public .rust v.i li an avowal of the prillcioles
that will guide me in performing it,
i ; r i v ?u;
an 1 an express on oi inv leeiings on assr.*
Ml. :It
mil,' a c.iaree so r sponsnulo and was.
I it ii>>i a>it:ir their examn! , I tread in the "i
1 \\" J
loo s efis ot i Uistrious men. whoso sm eri.
'. , . ... < o:]
ms, ;t :s our i.app;nis.> o believe, are not .
tiein 1 tin t!?e executive calendar of auv
country. Among ;hem, we recognize the ''
v iilics and firmest pillars of the -public , !
fhoai i?v wiioni our national iuJe; ailcnce ? '
* ok
wa> firs Jeclar i! ; him v.l.o. above allo.li
' iij
< rs, co.itribut' d !o es ablisli it on the liehl of
battle; ami those whose expanded intellect ,u'
;uu! pa rio i>jn eons raeteJ, improved, and f
pert", c ed "Ire inestimable Ls i.u ions under ?wliieli
we live, li such men m the posi- ,.;
tio i 1 now occupy, felt themselves overwhelmed
by a sense of gratitude lcr this, v.
the highest of all marks of the ci u.trv's 1"'
? .* 115*
coulidt-iiee ana bv a const ".t-uess ol tneir ...
.t i . r i!
aderpialtay to msc.iarpe i.;?* <ai ies
kiI an olli c >o diiiicuh and wi! ad. how \
' 1 1 (? , A'I
i:aicn i:u re must these coir-uuera ions am?*t
?no, who can rclv o:j no such claims tor *v
favor or forbearance. I m;!.e::u who have "
preceded m , ill-' rcvo!u ton, that ?rave its j.
? , . , ,(.>!
ex.stcncc as one people, was acnieveu at
toe perio I of my bir.li; ami, v. 1: 1st 1 con- '
ten aln'o u it!i grateful reverence that me- 1
? i r v 1 ]
morablc even-, 1 feel tint I Li loni; to a laiii
w(
*>t a<;o, ntnl ilia; ] may noi expeo my conn_
. *i *?ii iiii
Try men to v.vi?n n?y ac ions w:ia :l?e same
Kind and p ir ial hand. V,
.So, sens.bly, fellow-ci.i;vns, <!o these eh<
u.ns.ances press themselves upon mo, that j
1 should not dare o enter upon my path of
<lu y. did I not look fur the generious aid of J1"'
tiios"u i.o will be associa*e?: with me in tlic l!f!
various and co-ordinate brachcs of tlie (do- *a'
vcrnmcnt; did 1 not r pose, wi.li nnwavering
reliance, on the jiatrio ism. the iut< 1J
2 nee. and the kindn -ss. of a tw. oulc who '
it ljw
uewr ye: deserted a public servant honestly
Ial o ill their cause; and, above a!!, did , 'j1'
1 no permit my sell humbly to hope for the t,c
?rv rr c+ t rv t\r\ ?*f r.l ? ! < 't'/'l' \l ' 'I'Ml!' f|" | ^ 1 '
C V* lUi C ? v. 4 Ik.VUilU Vlti^i
beneficent Providence. )f
To fJ.c confidence and consola'ion dcri\?m!
from tbesc sources, it would !>*. ungru o- , '
ful no: tosuiil tiius. which spring from our 1
' ? Ci \
present fortunate condition.? i bo.Dot
altogether exempt from embarrassments ."
iSi;
tii.it liioilii'vi O.ir litlli', (it llOUle II fid ^
threaten i: abroad, yc% iti ail 1 lio attributes j
??i a great, happy. a:i<i flourishing people,
wo stain! uijioiit a parallel i:i the world. "l
Abroad, we ei:jo\ the respect, and, with
scarcely an exception. the friendshipof eve- 111
rv nation; at homo, while our (dovoniuient
?;uicdv, but Uicietitly performs tiio sole
Icgi iinate end ofpol'ticaS ius i utions. i:i do- "u
ting the greatest goo ! to the go. 'est man- co
Ut. we present an aggregate of human u,!
inos|Kjrilv surely no! elsewhere to be Ibuud. . ,!f
I tow imperious? then, is the obligation i,*>
imposed upon every citizen, in bis own 1
spliero of ue ion, w hetucr limited or extendT-d,
to oxeft himself in perpetuating a condir
ir?n of tilings so singularly happy. Ail the nr
* *sons of his orv and experience most be , cn
upon u>. it we arn* content to trust aim,. s!l
io tit; peculiar advantages we happen e? (^s
possess. Pos.tion and elima'e, and the ' ,1M
bounteous resources that nature bits scattered
witii so libera! a band?even tlie dif- cn
fused intelligence ma! elevated character of S01
our people?will avail us in.tiling, if we fail ??
sacnrjiy to uphold those political iustilu. 1,1
lions that were wisely and deliberately ,<'s
4?rmod, with reference to every ciraini- JaN
stance that could preserve or ni'i. >t eudau- J11
ir-T, the blessings we enjoy. Tlie thot?ir- <:a
fui Pmmersof our consti'.u ion i. giva.ed lor s<''
our country us they found it. Looking upon ?l
it with the eyes of statesmen and of patri- ca
o s, '!iev s iw all the sources of rapid and ,sl
wonderful prosperity; but they saw also tint ca
various habi s, opinions, and institutions,
;u c;dc:r to the various portions of so vast l,K
i were deeply li \*e.!. Distinct ?ov 'c,("'
ei- ^n st-s were in ae ual existence, whose i:v
eordud tinioii was essential to the wcl- C<T
fir and happiness of all. J! 'tween many l'R
-of thrill flier, was, at lens! Jo some extent, l'?
.m r*al divorsi v of ititcrc.s's:. liable to be ex- hv
.fi pjerato I through sinis'er designs; they lM
Vitu*-red iu size, in popala'ion, in weai.b,
ml in acual and prospective resources and as'
power; they varied in the character oft heir as
industry and staple productions; and in on
som?*, existed domes ie institutions, whic!]. "is
unwisely disturbed,might en danger the b.artnony
of the whole. .dost carefuhv were ani
.all the circumstances weighed, and the jda
ions of the new < hccTnment laid upon hit!
principles of reciprocal concession and t??"
equitable Coiupromis . The je;iio::sd? s UJ|
which the small rv'ia''< might enter ain oi 1
?hopow - . f r?: : v. ' ; f-r
? '.itO.I . hu? >JW ?! 'T u
o of i< pn sT.'joion, cm. fiscally
l!:o : :!rj ! ik-signtal however !<> iv
liii : <>. A *i:;:11r;11 fear I!::t! the hroai
?pc ? !' S'.l legislation i:: it!it boa
> : era: :ar.\o :rro! nar.ictnnr mtm
s. v.as t i j.! ! !?v i.i:; Ts s r:<*ll
!\\:i i ii??.* acta n o{ the i \Icril ati
ami !i? j>*.*<?:>!?; si::?! the Slalo
,s i< f, i:i!;!. ;?:11r* <1 tin ir sovereign [kavc
crllio isi'^iiiuTalilc subjecfs embracei! !
it :! *r;: ! jjoveramt lit of a iu.st iv|:tib!a
: :\<i: y as nco >sar;!v a|>;?cr*a'
?'! ?'i ;'i!s ?' ! |!:?- v. !ii>. 1 < <>:;! .|',ra<M
i.ViT n< a t*f :iiiii*.
! 'iw nMrr i a';.?:.s <; me wv<!'i; .
'?*:?!- p;i vid' Jlt forecast l::ts bjrjj VT
i i.y I !n!f a c< n'i< v, teriiii:!".? wit
irnotiimnrv i-v i:r- an 1 i-where mmh
ji;n sal s. has pass-ii a Umi
! e:i :?ar Ui^'iia :o:is :: In.**k f. i.o inyrioi
irk. From a small eonuimmiy, \veha\
" * - ? 1 ' : ? n ?? 11!
" ,w 11 r vv,v i ?
s: 1*1 *;2LTi 1?: but with oar increase l:as ?ron<
11! in iinsnh ill;; {?r?1^1* jest prime
s: the privileges, civil roin religious, ?
111:1 !m s: individual hp- s ill seen; .!!
;.? ( -veJ at home: .".11!. while the valor :ir
rtiiiah: of our p<'?.? ?! j have removed {:
nr. i:s the slightest apprchens en offo
;i: power, they h n o ?: ?l yet in luted us, i
:ie,r !e instance, to ibi'ipt what is riirht. Oi
in:i ice has extended to the 1* mole.
t;o:!<: the vnhm. u: .1 ' \ n rilire, of 01
' ...s has h 1 n cpeatiy clumped;
tie i.'.ti* ivnce lias arisen in the lclaih
?ah!i and resources ??!' every per ion <
ir country: yt tlie spirit of mutual r;
rtiai.il i i' ui.thiul adhcr.mco to existiu
mparts, has continued to prevail in 01
'tine.Is, an 1 never lonjx been absent froi
r conduct. We have learneil hv exrv
1
ncj a frithill] 1 vs.*0:1 : tli.it an implicit an
1
luev.ntnig ailnerauoc to tlie principles (i
ii*h we set out cat: cany us prosperous!
iwurd through uii the cuullicis of circuit
;ne"S, ;m<2 the vieisi'.udes inseparable iro:
r lnj sc of year
i ue success tnut lias t.uis at'.r :i?;<
r great oxpor.'uciit. is, i,i itself, u suit
:nt cause fur gralitule, 0:1 account <
c happiness it lias actually conferral
J tiio example it has unnnsvrerabl
rem?but lo me, my lhllow citi/xn
jklng forward to the far distant fur.:
.!: ardent ?>rnyors and couli ling hope
s retrospect presents a gim.nd f
I! deeper delight. It impresses en ;n
;.:d a linn belief that the pcipc.u'ty ofoi
m inions depends upon them -c^es. :ha
we maintain iIjc principles ct: *.'he
mv cstabli.die !, they are dost in eoi
their benefits 0:1 countless go.tie:
t tu conic; and that America will preset
every friend of mankind the choc. 11
joi, i!.a: a popular (lovornmont, wise!
mod, is wanting i:t no element of cndi
nee or s rongth. hi fry years ago, i:
;iiJ failure was !>o! !!y predicted. Latci
(.1 uacontrottaOlo causes <?i uts.so.uuo
re si?j?|>oso?I to cxis , even by tiio v.i>
i good; and m>: on!y did unfriendly ?
ecniativo theories anticipate !or us 1::
i of past republics, !?u* tut- fears of man
honest pa'riot overbalanced his san^uiu
oes. Loak back on these forcboJii)^
l ^ V:t
ii<>s ? '?, oai leiUCi.mtiv maoe, am] sc
w, in every instance. t!m\ !i:ive complete!
!eJ.
V11 jeCt experience, uai inij tue strut,
:s of the revolution, was .supposed to wai
at a belief that the people would not be;
: taxation requisite to discharge an in
rnse public debtalrcady incurred, and t
fray the necessary expenses of the Co\
amen!. The cost of two wars !ias hoc
id. not onlv without a murmur, but wi
cij'.s tiled alacrity. Xo one is now Jell t
Hut t!iat every burden will be cheerfull
rue t.iat inu\ be lucrssui t to susia.ii o<
il institutions, or guard our honor or 01
III;re. Indeed, all experience has show
it the willingness of tin; people to coi
butc to these ei;us i:i cases ofcincrgenc
s uniformly overrun t!;o conl: lei.ee i
.'ir representatives.
In the early stages of the new (loven
nr. when all felt die i;npu>iug iollueno
they recogiiiu \\ die une^ualcd servi.'ud
die first President it was a common sent
mU that tin- great weight of Ins eharuck
aid a!.me bind the disco dant materials <
r C lovennneiit together, and save lis frot
violence of contending tactions. .Sine
; deal!), nearly forty years are gonc.r:y
exasperation has been often Carrie
i s highest poin'; the virtue and the foi
ale oi the people have sometimes bee
en ly tried: yet our system, pur.lied an
hauced in value by ail i; haseucour.kTci
I! pros rv c .s Us spirit of free and leuil .,
iciissiuii, bicn.led v.idi unimpaired lVa'ci
1 feeling.
'i'he capaci y of die people for s d-gov
lineiit and their willingness, from a hi<j
r* 7 ...
ise of duty, and without tbo.se exhibition
coercive power so generally employe
ot! er countries, to submit lo all ncedfi
itriints add exactions of the municip:
v. have also been favorably exemplilic
the lns:ory ol the American Malts. 1
sionally, it is true, the ardor of pv
t;i:neii', outrunning the regular prog the
judicial tribunals, ur seeking to rone
sfs not denounce'.! as crimitT*! hv tiu; e.\
uig law, lias displayed itself in a mat:?c
leuialed to give pain io the Ii'Ivm!.-; el'Ire
vernnienf. ami to encourage t:. s t
iso w ho wish for its overthrow. Titos
curronccs, however, have 1/ u far les
(jueMit iii our country than it? any (.titer c
nut pop'.tla ton o;t the globe; m l wit
/dillusion of in elli jctice, it may well h
; e.l lha't.'n.y \v;!i cottslanlly diminivt i
(jueucy and violence. The generou
tfiot.sui and solid common sense <
; great mass of our led or,-citizens, \vi
at redly, in tit no, produce this result; fo
every assumption of illegal power nc
y wounds the majesty of the law, hut fut
lies a pretext for abridging the iibertie
the people, the latter have the most direc
1 permanent in'eres's in preserving th
?u' laud-marks of social order, and main
aisig, on all occasions, the inviolabili.y c
oe coastituliotial and h gal provision
licit lli'-y ihctns'dvv.s have made.
In it supposod ttt.it ness oi our ii.si.union
' -h ....
r j nm i^1 -j* ijw^t hi nil if mm
# "" " ~ * "
J ; jpv can always avoid. their friends found a
- irr.itfui source of apprehension, their ctu:!
mies of hope. While they foresaw less
r promptness of action than in < ?o\ ninents
' dilVcreutlv formed, they overlooked the
y far more importaiit consideration, that witii
i- us war could never he the result of indi*
vi.lual or irresponsable w ill, hut must he
' measure of redress for injuries sustained,
11 voluntari!) to by those who were to hear
'? the necessary sacrifice, who would conse"
tpienlly feel an individual interest in the
' contest, and whoso enemy would be coni'?
meliorate with the diiliculties to be eucoun.
, lered. Actual events have proved their
'* error: the last war, far from impairiutr, trave
1 v
' r.cw cotdideuct- to our <Government; and
'* amid recent apprehensions of a similar cons'
diet we saw that tin; energies of our coun;s
try would not he wanting iti a tuple season
c> t,i vindii*:i!n ir< ri dil. \\ <* m;;v not nus
lli sess, as we should not d'sire to possess,
tlu; extended and ever ready military or"
jiaui/.ation of other nations: we may oc1
casionally suffer in the outset lor the want
\ of it; hut, umou<; ourselves, t.ll douht upon
thi^rcat point has eeased, while a salutarv
experience will prevent a rontrnrv
{'. 1 . ...
opinion Irom mvpim; anirresston ironi
n i
, abroad.
(Vrtam danger was Ion fold from the
" ' extension of our territory, the multiplication
of States, and the increase of poptda!
tion. Our system was supposed lobe
adapted only to boundaries comparatively
narrow. These have been widened be~'n
; yond conjecture; tlto members of our con*
| fed era cy are already doubled ; and the
^ numbers of our peon!: are incredibly au?inented.
Tim a Hedged causes of danger
(j have long surpassed anticipation, hut nottc
n of the consequences have followed. The
iv power and influence of the republic have
" ' risen to a height obvious to all mankind :
I respect lor its authority was not more ap1
parent at its ancient, than it is at itspresl(i
en; limits; new and inexhanslahle sources
j of?:oncra! prosperity Itave been opened; the
,r1 effects of distance have been averted by
. i i f
.':,w inventiv'j genius ( , our penpie, uim ^
oped and lbs!ered I?} the spirit of our institutions;
and the enlarged varietv and
* j t r
amount of interests, productions, and pur?
' suits, have strengthened the chain of muo*
o
,r tual dependanre, an I formed a circle of
v mutual bene:*:-., too apparent ever to be
lr overlooked.
t ; In justly balancing the powers of the
v f ederal and ."State authorities, dif.lcuities
j. nearly insie .'Ocoitalde arose at the outset,
is and stfbsequent collisions were deemed
j! j inevitable. And these, it was scarcely
rr believed possible that a scheme 'of govern
y J went, so complex in construction, could
i. i remain uninjured. From time to time cmis
barrassments have ccriainlv occurred; but
it how just is the confidence ol Inline safety
n imparted by the knowledge t!?at each in
;e succession has been happily removed.
>r Overlooking partial and temporary evil*; as
c j inseparable IV -m the practical operation
y of all human institutions, and looking only
ie to the general results, every patriot has
s. reason te be satisfied.?\\ bile the Federal
so (iovernnunt lias successfully performed
y its appropriate functions in relation to forj
eign alfairs. and concerns evidently na;
tional, that of every State has remarkably
r- improved in protecting and developing
" local interests and individual welfare: and
if the vibrations of authority have occac
i sionally teiuh'd too much towards one or
" the other, it is unquestionably certain that
11 the ultimate operation of the entire system
1! has been to strengthen all the existing in?
sti'.uiions, and to elevate our whole coun}
try iii prosperity and renown.
ir The last, pt limps the greatest, of the
:r prominent sources of discord and disaster
11 supposed to lurk in our political condition,
J" was the institution of domestic slavery.
! Our forefathers wero'dceply impressed with
I the delicacy of this subject, and they
treated it w iili forbearance so evidently
'' j wise, tiiat, in spite of every sinster foreL'?)
bodihg, it never, until the present period,
0 ; distiirboti il?e tranquility of our common
countrv. Such a result is sullirient ovir
deneo of the justice a^Lthe patriotism of
their course; it is evidence not to he iii:s11
taken, that an adhcranceto it can prevent
0 siil embarrassment from this, as well as
from every other anticipated cause of difj
ficuity or danger. Have not recent events
' made it obvious to the slightest rejection.
11 tiiat ti:e least deviation from this spirit of
^ j forbearance is injurious to every interest,
m that of humanity included.' Amidst the
15 ; violence of excited passions, this generous
* ! and fraternal feeling has been sometimes
disregarded; and, standing as I now do
i before my countrymen in this high place
" . of honor and of trust. 1 cauuot refrain
j j from anxiously invoking my fellow-citizens
naver to he deaf to its dictates. Per^
j ceiving, before my election, the & eji inj
terest this subject was beginning to excite,
j I believed it a solemn duty fully to make
known my sentiments i:i regard to it; and
low, when every metro lor micrepresen.
tation lias passed away, I trust thai ihev
will be candidly weighed and understood.
' j At least, they will he my standard ofcouc,
| duct in the path before me. 1 then der|
dared that, if the desire of those of my
! countrymen \ ho were favorable to my
,s i election was gratified. " I must go into
.rj the ['residential Chair the indexible and
j, | uncompromising opponent of every ato
tempt, on the part ol Congress, to abolish
,, , slavery in the District of Columbia, against
1S die wishes of the Slaveholding States ; and.
also with a determination equally decided
|| to resist the slightest interference with it
,j- , in the States where it exists." I submit,t
ted also to my feliow-citizens, with full .
noss and frankness, the reasons which led
s I me to this determination. The result au t
thori/es me to believe that they have
e been approved, and are confided in, by a
i.: majority of the people of the I . States,
if: including those whom they most immedis
" atcly affect. It now only remains to add,
thai no bill conflicting with these views can
s ever receive my constitutional sanctiun.?
wm I'M"** ' i*r ;; t?'d ;
imM-m ? < i mtmmmmtnummmu iibi .rnr*. i^j uy~-xw.'.rj
tirm belief that they arc in accorth
with the spirit that actuated tlie vener
lathers of tbe republic, and tint sure
, ii!?j experience has proved tliem to he
mane, patriotic, expedient, honorable,
just. If the agitation of this subj 'Ct
j intended to reach the stability of ou
stit(itions, enough has occunred to s
that it has signally failed: and that in
' ;;s in every other instance, the appro!
! sions of the timid and the hopes of
. the wicked for tiie destruction of our
vernment, are again destined to he di
i pointed. Here and there, indeed, seem
dangerous excitement have occurred ;
c t? .1 I
riivmg insiiujci> ft luini ?mi.
been witnessed; and ;i reckless disrej
; of the consequences of their conduct
exposed individuals to a poj)idar ii;
nation: hut neither masses of the pa
nor sections of the country, have !
swerved from their devotion to the 1
of union, and the principles it lias n
sacred, it will he ever thus. JSucI
, tempts at dangerous agitation ma\ |
, odicallv return, !mt with each the ol
will he better t;nder>tood. That pred
nating affection for our political sy:
' which prevails throughout our territi
limits; that calm and enlightened j
ment which ultimately governs our
pie ns one vast hods ; will always hi
hand to resist and control every el
foreign or domestic, which aims, or w
lead, ! overthrow our institutions.
V\ hat can ho more gratifying than
a retrospect as this! We look had
ohstacies avoided, and dangers- overei
on expectations more than realized,
prosperity perfectly secured. To th" h
' ol tiie hostile, the fears of the timid, ant
doub's of the anxious, actual experi
has given the conclusive rcplv. We !
- 1 - . 11-- .1! 1 * !
scm iiiiw grauuanv tusnci cvci v uma
iihl j foreboding, and our cons i<:ition
mount every adverse circumstance, dr
I ed at t!ie outset as beyond control,
sent excitement v. ill, at all times, mat
present dangers; but true philosophy i
teach us that none more threatening
the past can remain to be overcome: an<
ought, for we havejust reason, to cnte
an abiding confidence in the sabilin
our institutions, and an intiro convi<
that, if a iministered in the true form, c
I acfer, and spirit in which they were e:
; iislicd, they are ahundnn'ly adcijuutc to
serve to us and our children the rich b
ings already derived from tbem; to u
our beloved land,-for uthousand genera!
that chosen spot where happiness spi
from a perfect e?piali:y of political ri?
For myself, therefore, I desire to dei
. that tlse principle that will govern me ii
high duty to which my country calls m
a strict udherancc to the Infer and spi
the constitution, as it was designed bv t
; who (Vanned it. Looking back to it
-sacred instrument carefully and nut e
intmctl: roiucm boring that if v.*:is tiiro
out .1 work of concession ami comnroi:
viewing it as limited ;o national objects
garding it as leaving to the people and
States all die power not oxpliei.ly p:
with; 1 shall endeavor to preserve, pre
1 and defend if, by anxiously referring t
. provision for direction in every action,
matters of domestic concernment whi
has instructed to the Federal Govcrmi
and to such as relate to to our interco
\vit!i foreign nations, 1 sti.-ill zealously
vote myself: beyond those limits I shall
i or pass.
To enter, on this occasion, into a fur
or more minute exposition of my view
the various ipiestions of domestic pu
would be as obstiusivc as it is probably
expected. IJcforo the saflVnges of
' countrymen were conferred upon w
submitted to them, with groat precis;
my opinions on all the most proniinei
these subjects. Tnosi opinions I .<
endeavor to carry out with my utmost i
; itv.
Our course of foreign policy has I
so uniibrin and intelligible, as to const
a rule of executive conduct which le
little to my discretion, unless, indec
were willing to run counter to the ii
of experience, and the known opinio
my constituents. Wc sedulously euiti
the friendship of all nations, as the cgnd
most compatible wiih our welfare, ancJ
principles of our Government. W e
j ciino alliances, as adverse lo our pc
i W o desire commercial relations ?>u c
terms, being ever willing to give a
rvmlv-ilmit lor nil vp. at aces received.
V-,C"' -a "
endeavor to conduct our intercourse
openness and sincerity; promptly nvo\
i our objects, and seeking to establish
mutual frankness which is as bentici
the dealings of nations as of men.
have 110 disposition, and we di-claii
right, to meddle in disputes, whether in!
al or foreign, that may molest other ci
tries: regarding them, in ihrir actuals
as social communities, and prcscrvir
strict neutrality in all their coutrover.
Well knowing the tried valor of our pec
;iik1 our e.\haus!less resources, we noi
anticipate nor fear any designed aggress
and, in the conciousncss of our own
conduct, we feci a security that wc :
never he called upon to exert our dote
ination, never to permit an invasion of
rigli s, without punishment or redress.
In approaching, then, in the present
1 my assembled countrymen, to make
solemn promise that yet remains, an
pledge myself that I will faithfully c.\e
the office I am about to fill, f bring witii
a settled purpose to maintain thoinstitul
of my country, which, I tru?t, will a
for thesrrors I commit.
I11 receiving from the people the sa
trust twice confided to my illustrious pr
cessor, and which he has dischargee
faithfully and so well, 1 know that I en
expect to perform the arduous task
njual ability and success. Hut, unitei
1 have been in his counsels, a daily wit
of bis exclusive and unsurpassed devc
to his country's welfare, agreeing with
in seiitiiuen's which his countrymen 1
warmeiy supported, and permitted to
?. of !:>. J m.'iv !
ma* that somen hat of the same cheering appro.;
atcd hation will be found to attend upon my path,
ecd- For him: I hut express, n ith mv own, the
hu- wishes of a!!?that he may yet long live to
and enjoy the brilliant evening of his noli spent
was hie; and. for myself, conscious of hut one
r in. desire, iaithl'ully to servo my country, 1
lion throw myself, without fear, on its justice and
il,js its kindness. Ucyond that, I only look to;
hen- die grearious protection of the 1 >ivine Being.
il?. j whoso strengthening support I humbly so- (
(;0. licit, and whom I fervently pray to look;
s;i|,. | down upon us all. May it be among the
r?sof' dispensations of his providence to bless culler
k'dowd country with honors and with length I
Kive 0'* days; may her n ays be n avs of pleasanti?ard
IJCSS? and her paths he peace.
has
((Jj,r LIST OT ALL THE IJli'OKlA.M AT. IS
)p!e, Passed at the Second Session r f the T t refityi
Fourth Congress.
ioikI An act making appropriations for the I
lade civil and diplomatic expenses oi' Govern- j
1 ix-- inent lor the year 1337.
c i i- _\ ii act making appropriations for the cur- |
ijcct rent expenses ot'thc Indian Department, and
ami- lor fulfilling treaty stipulations with the varncm
ions Indian tiihes. for the year 1637.
jrial An act to grant to tlie Atchafidaya Railudg
road and Hanking Company the right of way
pen-1 through the public lands of the lTui cd States. :
l\ a' Joint resolution granting a pension to j
tort. Susan Decatur, widow of the late Stephen ,
ot'ld ] )ccatiir.
Joint resolution au'horizing tiie Secretary
such "f the Treasury to correct a clerical error in ,
c on the award of the Commissioners under the J
-1 7' no i
uma. treaty witn r ranee or 1001.
and An act to change the title of certain effi-!
opes ccrs ot the .Yivy.
1 the 1 An act further to amend the act incorpo.;
er.ee ! ratine: the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Com-1
liavt! j pany.
vor-! An act making appropriations lor the nastir
val service for the year 1837.
mil- A joint resolution directing the prompt'
Pre. publication of the annual statement of comrnifv
mcrce and navigation.
nust | An act to provide for the payment ofhorthan
ses and other properly lost or destroyed in
1 we ' the military service of the Cnitcd S a:es.
.
r a!l1 An act making appropriations for the
?l1 payment of the revolutionary and o Iter pen- ton
1 sinners of the United States, for the year
har-; 1S37.
stab- An ac.i to change the name of the c >!lecI>re
lion district of Dighton, in the State of .Mas.
Ics*- sacliusct's, to Fall River, and for other puriakc;
poses.
'oris, An act lor t!in rebel ot Jo'in V, V* <>ol.
An act supplemcntarY to the act entitled
jilts. < An act establishing a Mint, and re relating
dare ' tlic coins of the United States."
a the An act for the relief of Robert 1\ Lotche,
is,, cr and Thonias P. Moore,
rit of An actio authorize certain nihowi com.
hose panics to construct railroads through thepub.
as a Jic lands in the Territory of Florida,
asilv i An act makingnppropriations for the supugh
port of the Ar.ny for the year 1837.
nise; An net to regulate, in certain cases, the
: re- disposition of the proceeds of lands ceded
the by Indian tribes to the United States,
irtcd. An act making an appropriation Ibr the !
>tcct, suppression of Indian hostilities,
o its I An act to amend an act entitled ' An act
To | to establish branches of the Mint of the
ch it; United States,v passed the 3d day of March.
ne?i,' 183b.
iurse An ac' to admit the State of Michigan
do- into the Union upon an equal footing with
ncv- the original States.
An act to extend the limits of the port of
thor Xew Orleans.
s 011 j An act to extend the jurisdiction of the
licv, District Court of tjie I uitcd S ales for th.c
un-j Dis'rict of Arkansas,
niv An act to suspend certain provisoes of
io, I ' An act to alter and amend the several acts
jion,1 imposing duties on inipor s," approved the
it of j fourteenth day of July, 1832.
shall j An act respecting discriminating duties
abil- upon Dutch and Belgian vessels and their
j cargoes.
icon j An act making an additional npproprini*Lite
lion for the suppression of Indian hostilities
' r.M? i-nii* "f
iXV O IUI nn~ -v .
(I. I An act to provide for ll?e support of the 1
glits Military Academy of the Initcd States ibr
n of the year 18137.
vale An act to provide fur certain harbors and
ition for the removal of obs'ructions in and at;
I the the mouths of certain rivers, and for other
do- purposes, duringihc year 1837.
ace. An act to provide for continuing ilia con.
(lu*d s'ruction and repair of certain roads, and for
fair other purposes, during the year 1837.
^ e An act to authorize and sane;ion the sales
with of reserves provided for Creek Indians in
ving the treaty of March 24, 1832. in certain
that cases, and for other purposes,
al in j An act explanatory of the act entided
We " An act granting half-pay to widows and
o all orphans where their husbands and lathers
crn- ; have died of wounds received in the military |
Dim- service of the I nited Mates, and U>r other
purposes."
>g a Ail act making appropriations for buildsies.
ing light-houses, light-boats, bcncon-l'ghts,
^>le,' buoys, and dolphins for the year 1637.
ither An act concerning pilots.
>ion; Joint resolution to enable the I Vs'master
.just General more readily to change the com- i
shall niencement of the contract year in liic 1W.
jrni- (JlFicc Department.
?ur Joint resolution nuthor'zinir the S eretnry
oftiie Treasury to receive Irom the Dank
c of of the United States, under the iVnnsylva.
die nia charter, payment for the s'ock of the
id to United States in the late Bank of the I nited
cute, States.
i me | An.act supplementary to the artemiiled j
ions An act to amend the judicial system ot the
tone United States/'
An act to provide !?>: the enlistment of
cred hoys for the naval service, and to extend the
ode- term of the enlistment ofseanien.
I so An act for the appointment ofcommisunot
sioners to adjust the claims to reservations
with of land under the 14th article of the treaty
J as of 1830 with the ('hocfaw Indians,
uoss; An act to continue in force for a limited
ition time the act entitled An act to carry in'o '
him effect a convention between the United
lavo' States and Spain."
par- An act to continue the oflic- of Com mis:?w
-i ?:ier uf IVr.svrv--.
An act to j>rovicJ?? tor the adjustment ot
t tie and final disposition of tlie four reserved
sections in ?!??; tract of country abutted
to tlr: Tonibeckbec Association for the encouragement
of the cultivation of the vine
and olive.
An act tor the more equitable administration
of the Navy Pension fund.
An act to authorize die Secretary of the
Treasury to compromise the claim of the
I ni cd Stares on the Alleghany 1. uik of
Pennsylvania.
Extract from an editorial article in the last Xatinnal
Intelligencer on " the results of the
Session.*7
RKSILTS OF THE SESSION.
In more tiian thirty years of acquaintance
with Congress, we have never known a session
so barren in valuable results. With great
difficulty, and at the very last moment, most
(but not all) of the common appropriation
bills, it is true, were got through. So that
the machinery of Government will go on.?
And this short sentence describes almost the
whole of the actual doings of the session, if
we except the bill for increasing the number
of the Judges of the Supreme Court by adding
two members tothat body.
Congress has not reduced the revenue, the
leading object presented to its consideration
in the President's message at the opening of
the session. It lias not reduced the duties on
importations; nor has it restrained the sales
of the public lands.
The Treasury Order (the Specie Circular)
of July 11th, 1836, so much, so universally,
and so justly complained of, is not rescinded,
repealed, or superseded. Both Houses, it is
true, by very large majorities, passed an act,
rescinding and superseding this obnoxions order;
but the President neither approved it
nor negatived it. lie put it in his pocket. It
was presented to him some days before the
adjournment; but these days not being tcr,
he had a right, as he construes the Constitution,
to do neither one thing nor another. He
did not even inform the Senate, with whom
the bill originated, that he had not time to
consider the bill. lie had, doubtless abundant
time ; but, as the bill had passed both
Houses by more than two-thirds of each, he
probably foresaw, that if he returned the bill
with his objections, it would still be passed by
the constitutional majority, and so become a
law, without his consent. He chose, therefore,
to hold it back from all further proceeding
or action of Congress, and in that way to
defeat it. We hold this to be the most exceptionable
of all the modes of exercising the
veto power, because it is the least responsible,
ami because it deprives Congress of an opportunity
of cvcrcisng its constitutional authority
of passing a Jaw by the votes of twotli'rJs
of each House, without the consent or
aga.nst the will, of the President. On this
occasion, the strongly expressed, undoubted,
and notorious will of much more than twothirds
of both Houses has been knowingly and
1 o
intentionally disregarded.
The Fortification bill has been lost by a
disagreement between the two Houses. We
do not mean Mr. Benton's bill for new works;
i that never breathed a breath (some people
, think it did not deserve breathing-time) after
it readied the House of Representatives. But
we speak of the common, annual appropriation
for works already begun, and now in progress.
This appropriation has failed, by the disagreement
of the Administration House of Representatives
n;ul Administration Senate, on the
subject of the distribution rf the Treasury sur
j his, a measure which was connected witn
the biil making this appropriation; so that all
the works, where prior appropriations are exhausted,
must await the provisions of the next
| Congress. And this leads us lo say that,
; while Congress has adopted no measure to
reduce income, it has refused to make distribution
of a large and clearly ascertained sur1
plus; we say ascertained, because, as was
urged i;i both Houses, it is now obvious that
there will be a surplus next January, as it was,
on the *-M of July last, when the late act passed,
that there would be a surplus the 1st of
January of this year. The Land bill for reducing
duties not passing, another surplus is
a thing of course. It may not b<j as large as
last January, but we regard it as being equally
certain. This surplus Congress refuses to
deposite with the States. It ordains, on the
contrary, in effect, that it remain with the deposite
banks. The House of Representatives
insisted on distribution, if there should be surplus,
and would not yield the point; the Administration
Senators refused to assent to distribution,
lot the surplus be what it might.?
The filial vote in the Senate agaiu6t it was
??:? k:ii
Ui IO ? ). i?0 llic X' urmjiiiuni uuij nuution
section and all, was added to the list of
lost measures.
The commercial community earnestly desired
the passage of the bill anticipating the
payment of the remaining instalments expected
soon to be received at the Treasury under
the treaties with France and Naples. At
the present moment, sucli a measure was
looked for as one that would afford considerable
relief to the pressure for money. The
bill passed the Senate, but was lost in the
Ilouse.
Then the biil for restoring the duties on
goods destroyed by the great lire in New York
?a measure of obvious justice to individuals,
and. from its extent and importance, deserving
to be regarded as a public measure?passed
the Senate also, but partook of the fate of
' so many of its companions, and failed in the
House.
a...rtmr 11 ir> ?itnor liilLs of a nublc nature
ill' - -- ,
which pushed the. Senate (and failed in the House
of Representatives) was the bill for increasing
the Military Establishment of the United
States. Though this was a measure upon
which there is a great diversity of opinion, it
must be confessed to have been defeated bv
other circumstances than the hostility of tho
House to it.
The whole number of Senate bills not acted
upon by the House was about one hundred
and twenty: amongst which as of the greatest
general interest, we may instance, from an examination
of the lilo of bills, those authorising
the relinquishment of the 10th sections granted
for the use of schools, and the entry of other
lands in lieu thereof; to revive and continue
in lorcc the act44 to provide lor persons who
were disabled by known wounds received in
the Revolutionary war;" to provide for the
erection and repair of custom-houses, (at.
Philadelphia and \cw Orleans;) to authorize
the Ohio Railroad Company to locate a
road through the public lands; to give effect
to the 8th article of the treaty of 1819 with
Spain: to provide for the legal adjudication of
the Pastry), MaisonRouge, and other grants
in Louisiana and Arkansas : a bill in amendment
ot the acts respecting the judicial system
of the United States; a bill to authorize the
President of the United States to furnish certain
ordinance to the several States; the bill
to rebuild the General Post Office Building,
and for other purposes ; the bill to provide for
the trrnsportcicn or" the mails upon railroads,
-