Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, January 10, 1837, Image 1
CHER A W GAZETTE.
M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. CIIERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 10, 1837. VOL. II. NO. 9. ;
T. A. PETTEOREW, PRINTER.
Published every Tuesday.
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UTThe Postage must be paid on all communications
sent by mail. t(
....
?ibal kc?w?mv, "
tJ
premium butter. 0
Mr. John S. Say ward. Recording Secre. }}
taryof P. A. Society.
Stetson, Sept. 27, 1836. *
Dear Sir:?The firkin containing about ?
sixty pounds of Butter, which is offered for J(
premium, was made in the following manner.
From one to two quarts of the first "
drawn milk was set in pans, by itself;? *
the last drawn from the cows, was set in !'
pans by itself, and after standing about !r
thirty-six hours, the cream was carefully lr
skimmed and put into earthern pots, and j n
churned before there was any sourness in ! c
the cream. The butter was then taken | jj
from the churn and the butter-rnilk well j and
thoroughly worked out, and then 6 j J!
ounces of the best butter-salt, 4 ounces of
the best loaf sugar. and 2 ounces of salt
IT
petre, after being well pulverized and sifted, p
was thoroughly mixed or worked into the
butter; it was then allowed to stand 24
hours, until the cool of the morning; it s
was then worked into butter. I should a
have said that the 6 ounces of salt, 4 of e
sugar, and 2 ol salt-petro, was put into 12
lbs. of the bu ter, and the same propor ion S1
in making the butter. 61
A small box, containing 5.} lbs. of butter ?
was made the same as the above, and ii
intended, if deserving, for the premium of- a
fered bv the Editor of the Mechanic and ?
" si
r armor.
We have long been in the practice of ,
making but or similar to the above, (with
the exception of separating the milk) and
have had no difficulty in keeping butter
perfectly sweet till it was a year or more
old. In making good butter, great care
should be taken to keep the milk vessels f
perfectlysweet,thc butter should bechurncd tl
in the cool of the morning, and the butter a
milk should be thoroughly worked out. tl
* 4 ^..11. id nniu tl
The process 01 separating mu lllitn 10 uvn I ?
to us, although it may not be to others, a
I am satisfied from what experience we n
have had in the process, that much richer s<
and better butter can be made from the ' o
milk last drawn from the cow, than first? : tl
the cream taken from the first drawn milk J
is a [thin tough film, with a very little oily I
mutter in it?and when churned is long in c
coming, and is white and insipid. tl
Respectfully yours, e
AM ASA STETSON. r
N. B. I forgot to sav that in the rnanu- e
? *
iacture of the butter, orange carrots were c
grated, and the juice extracted, and strain- b
cd, and one pint of the juice, was put b
into the cream before churning. This t!
gives color and adus to the richness of the n
Knttor 1 wish it understood that one pint v
of the juice was put to every twelve pounds e
of butter. A. S. tl
? it
As we d tm statements like the above tl
very valuable as a practical matter, and ji
that every thing in relation to them may e
be perfectly understood, the question has h
occurred to us, whether the butter, which c
is named as having kept perfectly sweet s
for a great length of time, was made with e
the addition of the juice named in the note a
accompanying the statement. \Ve ask this s
question for ttie purpose of getting at a r
practical answer, and Mr. Stetson would f
much oblige us, by giving information on
this point, and such reasons as may be 1
present in his own inind, on the subject. I
Our own impression is, that where the juice >
is used, a great deal more salt will be i
necessary, in order to preserve the butter. <
Our notions may all be wrong on this sub- i
ject, and we should like to have them set {
right.?Mechanic and Farmer. I
i
THE EFFECT OF SOOT ON WHEAT. !
I last week had an opportunity afforded i
me by a friend, who farms on a dry and in.: J
lerior soil, of witnessing the effect of the , t
- t .l _ | ,
application ol soot on young wm-iu m Uiu
spring. The field to which I now allude, ;
has been partly dressed over at the rate of i
thirty bushels of soot to the acre, and it is
quite astonishing to see the benefit that it i
has afforded to the crop of wheat. Nothing I
can be more conclusive as to the virtue of )
this description of dressing, than the experiment
which I am now speaking of. The I
field was sown with wheat out of a clover i
ley, without any manuring being laid on, j I
the whole of the piece having been previ- '
ously to this year farmed in an exactly simi- <
Jar manner. The field perhaps is seven 1
acres, and about four acres (the poorest part i
of the enclosure) were selected for sowing ' '
the soot on, the remaining three acres not: i
liaving any soot applied. I have no doubt 1 1
but that at harvest there will be eight bush- j j
els more on an acre on the part that was , .?
sooted, than there will be on the part to j<
which no soot was applied. The cost of I
the soot was sixpenoe a bushel, being at the i
I rate of fifteen shillings an acre for thirty '
T.hewh^.'e of die expense n"cn 1- <
Lv. " - '
?? the dressing will not exceed twenty sliil- the
ings |k.t acre, the increase of the value ot to t
u? acre of wheat will be forty-eight shillings, ed <
jr eight bushels of wheit at six shillings a tern
>nshol, thus leaving a ne;t profit of twenty * its i
iight shillings per acre, after deducting the I
:ost and ex [>enses of the soot; and as to any the
idditional labor brought about by an extra stor
:rop, such as reaping, thieshing, harvest- min
ng, &c- the increased quantity of straw fror
vill entirelyliquidate.?Farmer's Maagzhic. wh(
^ ced
Manufacture of IIoes.?Nations in sue
iome respects, should be actuated by the absi
ame principles that govern the successful | the
tirmer?nicy snouiu never procure 01 um- tira
rs what thev can advantageously produce and
t home. People need not trouble them- upo
elves about the balance of trade; the ditTer- two
nt products, and the various wants of na- In c
ions, will take care of that. We are glad left
5 perceive by the journals of the day, that divi
ome companies have with energy corn- give
lenced the manufactir* ofhocsi?*hi?Coun- Soui
ry; and wlien it is remembered that from cfTe<
ne and a half to two millions of dollars whil
orth are annually imported from England, side
will be acknowledged that it was time to peai
egin to render ourselves independent of ing.
titers for this implement ol prime necessity was
) the farmer. row
The imported hoes were, a large part of stan
lcm, designed for the southern market, or con
hat are called Guinea hoes;tbut large quan- lonp
ties of the common kind were distributed 'I
1 the shops of the north. These, in most posi
dances, are made on the plan of Pindar's nen
izors?to sell?being nothing more than ach
amnion rolled iron with eyes rivetted upon the!
lem, and we are sorry to notice, that in bctv
ennsylvania one factory at least, has com- wid<
lenced making them 011 the same plan, thee
ivcry man who knows the value of a good with
oe, knows that without a cutting edge of the |
ood tempered steel, they arc worth very had,
ttle; aud he also knows, that when durabil- the
y and case of working arc taken into con- exel
ideration. a righ'ly made article of the kind, 1
t double the price, is the cheapest in the twet
nd. us,ii
The morality of nations unfortunately is fluei
uch, as to allow them to defraud one anoih. intol
r in this way with impunity, but the habit ti!e.
f shaving roust be inveterate indeed, when to tc
ley are thus led to impose upon themselves, a let
nd that farmer must be sorely negligent and
f his true interests, who will wear out his the
rength on a vile, blunt, iron instrument, pref
-hen a bright, sharp, clean cutting one can who
e procured at any reasonable rate. G. coin
eat
From Combe's Physiology rf Digestion. JiCV(
CAUSE AND LAWS OF HUNGER. of pi
The sensation of hunger is commonly onu
cferred to the stomach, and that of thirst to aPIM
tc upper part of the throat and back of the ?1 1
touth; and correctly enough to this extent, l?al'
lat a certain condition of the stomach and onty
troat tends to produce them. But, in re- ncss
lity, the sensations themselves, like all other s0 c
tcntal affections and emotions, have their ?^ei
cat in the brain, to which a sense of the
ondition of the stomach is conveyed through ^
O 1
le medium of the nerves. In this respect, anu
ippethe resembles the senses of Seeing, clos
learing, and Feeling; and no greater diffi- any
ulty attends the explanation of the one Pres
:ian of the others. Thus, the cause which ma>
xcites the sensation of colour, is certain
ays of light striking upon the nerve of the ^ j,c
ye; and the cause which excites the per- m,n
eption of sound, is the atmospherical vi- aPP*
rations striking upon the nerve of the ear; ~"a:
ut the sensations themselves take place in Sir
le brain, to which, as the organ of the b?n'
lind, the respective impressions are con- l'iat
eyed. In like manner, the cause which
xcites appetite is an impression made on ^er
ie nerves of the stomach; but the feeling mer
self is expressed in the brain, to which
lat impression is conveyed. Accordingly, I
ist as in health no sound is ever heard ex- t0 8
ept when the external vibrating atmosphere duri
as actually impressed the year, and no anC(
olour is perceived unless an object be pre- 8r05
entcd to the eye,?so is appetite never felt, c,cr
xcept where, from want of food, the stom- I
eh is in that state which forms the proper and
timulusl to its nerves, and where the com- pen
nunication between it and the brain is left the
rce and unobstructed. gen
But as, in certain morbid states of the is ir
>rain and nerves, voices and sounds are on <
icard, or colours and objects are seen, cnc
vhen no external cause is present to act con
ipon the ear or the eye,?so, in disease, a indi
traving is often felt when no real want of witl
ood exists, and where, consequently, indul- tion
jence in eating can be productive of nothing con
lut nuschiei. oucn an aDerranon is com- us,
non in nervous and mental diseases, and app
lot unfrequently adds greatly to their sever- an
ty and obstinacy. In indolent unemployed the
persons, who spend their days in medita- and
:ing on their own feelings, this craving is ?i
yery common, and from being regarded kee
and indulged as if it were healthy appetite, urg
is productive of many dyspeptic affections. wh<
If the correctness of the preceding cxpla- prii
nation of the sensation of hunger be thought cov
to stand in need of confirmation, 1 would lest
refer to the very conclusive experiments by ren
Brachct of Lyons, as setting the question en- vig
tirely at rest. Brachct starved a dog for hur
twenty-four hours, till it became ravenously \va.
bungrv, after which he divided the nerves of 1
o y
which convey to the brain a sense of the acl
condition of the stomach. lie then placed ant
food within its reach, but the animal, which tim
a moment before was impatient to be fed, in I
went and lav quietly down, as if hunger had of i
never been experienced. When meat was gei
brought close to it, it began to eat; and, apparently
from having r.o longer any eon- cot
sciousness of the state of its stomach? tor
whether it was full or empty?it continued bei
Lo cat till both it and the gullet were inordi- the
natelv distended. In this, however, the dog tioi
was evidently impelled solely by the gratifi- wit
rq'Jnj) of til? *ens? of trrsir: {Xp removing di'i
food at the beginning of the experitncn
he distance of even a few inches, it look
on with indifference, and ?made no atipt
either to follow the dish or to preven
emoval.
>rccisely similar results ensued when
nervous communication between the
nach and brain was arrested by the adlistration
of narcotics. A dog suffering
n hunger turned listlessly from i's food
m a few grains of opium were introduinto
its stomach. It may be said thai
h a result is owing to the drug being
orbed and carried (o the brain through
ordinary medium of the circulation; but
cliet has proved thai this is not the case,
that the influence is primarily exerted
n the nerves. To establish this point,
~ i . 1
dogs of tlic same s:w were seiecicu.
>ne the nerves of communication were
untouched, and in the other they were
ded. Six grains of opium were then
:n to each at the same moment. The
nd dog began immediately to feel the
cts of the opium, and became stupid,
le the other continued lying at the firefor
along time, without any unusual ap.
ranee except a little difficulty of breathIn
like manner, when the experiment
repeated with that powerful poison nux
ica, upon two dogs similarly circumced,
the sound one fell instantly into
pulsions, while the other continued for a
;time as if nothing had happened.
'hese results demonstrate, beyond the
ability of doubt, the necessity of a free
rous communication between the stomand
brain, for enabling us to experience
r l Tl, n OAn nnvirvn
scnsiiiiuii ui uuug^i i wiiiivAivu
reenthe two organs is, indeed, more
;ly recognised in practice than it is in
>ry; for it is a very common custom
i the Turks to use opium for abating
pangs of hunger when food is not to be
, and sailors habitually use tobacco for
same purpose. Both substances act
usively on the nervous system.
'he relation thus shown to subsist born
the stomach and the brain, enables
ii some measure, to understand the innce
which mental emotion and earnest
lectual operation exert over the appeA
man in perfect health, sitting down
ible with an excellent appetite, receives
ter announcing an unexpected calamity,
instantly turns a.vay with loathing from
tbod which, a moment before, he was
>ared to eat with relish ; while another,
i, under the fear of some misfortune,
ies to table indifferent about food, will
with great zcs! on his "mind being re?d,"
as the phrase goes, by the receipt
leasing intelligence. In such cases, no
will imagine that tiic calamity destroys
Jtite otherwise than through the medium
;he brain. Sometimes the feeling of
ling and disgust is so intense, as not
' to destroy appetite, but to induce sickrand
vomiting,?a resuli which depends
losely on the state of the brain, that it is
n induced even by mechanical injuries
lat organ.
'he analogy between the external senses
the appetite is, injvanous respects, very
e. If we are wrapt in study, or intent on
scheme, we become insensible to imsions
made on the ear or eye. A clock
r strike, or a person enter the room
lout our being aware ot either event.
! same is the case with appetite. If the
d is deeply engaged, the suggestions of
5tite are unperceived and unattended to
s was well exemplified in the instance of
Isaac Newton, who, from seeing the
es of a chicken lying before him, fancied
he had already dined, whereas, in rc\
he had eaten nothing for many hours,
odotus ascribes so much efficiency to
ital occupation in deadening the sense
unger, that he speaks of the inhabitants
jydia having successfully had recourse
;aming as a partial substitute for food,
ng a famine of many years' continu.
e. In this account there is, of course,
5S exaggeration; but it illustrates suffiilly
well the principle under discussion.
f the body be very actively exercised,
a good deal of waste be effected by
jpiration and exhalation from the lungs,
appetite becomes keener, and more ur.
t for immediate gratification; and if il
idulgcd, we eat with a relish unknowr
other occasions, and afterward experi.
e a sensation of bien-ctre or interna
ifort pervading the frame, as it ever)
vidual part of the body were imbuei
1 a feeling of contentment and satisfac
A,x?vAO.?a r\C Ua rlio
\y UliJ vcry Ujlpuouc VI UIU ivguvoo uiw
ifort and depression which come upoi
and extend over the whole system, wher
elite is disappointed. Tnere is, in short
obvious and active sympathy belweer
condition and bearing of the stomacl
I those of every part of the animal framt
n virtue of which, hunger is felt verj
nly when the general sys'em stands ir
ent need of repair, and very modcra'ch
an no waste has been suffered. Thi<
iciple is strikingly illustrated during re
cry from a severe illness. <4ln conva
:encc from an acute disease," as is wel
larked by Bmchct, "the stomach digest:
orously, and yet the individual is alway:
lgry. This happens because all thi
sted organs and tissues demand the mean
epair, and demand them from the stem
i, which has the charge of sending them
1, therefore, they keep up in it the con
lal sensation of want, which, however, i
this case only sympathetic of the stati
he body." No testimony can be stron
than this.
The effects of exercise, also, show thi
inexion very clearly. If we merely saun
out for a given time every day, withoi
ng actively enough engaged to quicke
circulation and induce increased oxcaln
1 from the skin and lungs, we come i
h scaredv anv change of feeling or con
o:i: w!i?re:?s, if w? exert cirsdvcs sum
t ciently to give a general impetus to the
. circulation, and bring out moderate perspi.
ration, but without inducing fatigue, we teel
t a lightness and energy of a very pleasurable
description, and generally accompanied
i by a strong desire for food. Hence the
; keen relish with which the fox-hunter sits
. down to table after a successful chase,
r Tin's intimate communion between the
I state of the system and that of the stomach
isa beautiful provision of nature, and is one
ufthe causes ot* the ready sympathy which
has often been remarked as existing between
the stomach and all the other organs?in 1
other words, of the readiness with which <
they accompany it in its departure from i
health, and the corresponding aptitude of
, their disorders to produce derangement of ;
the digestive function. Apparently for the
: purpose, among others, of thus intimately
connecting the stomach with the rest of the 1
svkem, it is supplied with a profusion of I
- nmous filaments of every kind, which form <
a rloselv.interwoven nervous network, in i
its immediate neighbourhood, and the abun- I
dance of which accounts for the severe and s
often suddenly fatal result of a heavy blow 1
on the pit of the stomach. I
From the Christian Witness. i
RELIGIOUS OPINIONS AND CHARACTER OF t
WASHINGTON.
The following anecdote, beautiful in
many of its features, contains a striking <
illustration of Washington's habits of priv- tf
ate devotion: t
"An additional example as occurring i
during the war, and taken from a respect- t
able literary journal published in New r
York, is here inserted as having in its \
prominent j>oints all the appearanco oftruth. t
"Ono nlnncnnt pvpnincr in tlir* month of 1
June, in the year 17?, a man was observed (
entering the borders of a wood, near the c
Hudson river, his appearance that of a 1
person above the common rank. The 1
inhabitants of a country village would c
have dignified him with the title of squire, '
and from his manner, have pronounced him 1
proud, but those more accustomed to socie- '
ty would inform you, there was something 1
like a military air about him. His horse ^
panted as if it had been hard pushed for r
some miles, yet from the owner's frequent
stops to caress the patient animal, he could i
not be charged with want of humanity; but v
seemed to be actuated by some urgent 1
necessity. The rider's 'forsaking a good s
* V -V
road for the by.path leading through the c
woods, indicated a desire to avoid the gaze c
of other travellers. He had not left the
house where he inquired the direction of the i
above-mentioned path, more than two hours, 3
before the quietude of the place was broken f
by the noise of distant thunder. He was 1
soon obliged to dismount, travelling becom- r
ing dangerous, as darkness concealed sur- r
rounding objects, except when the lightning's c
terrific flush afforded a momentary view i
of his situation. A peal louder and of t
longer duration than any of the preceding, s
which now burst over his head, seeming c
as if it would rend the woods asunder, was t
quickly followed by a heavy fall of rain, (
which penetrated the clothing of the stranger
ere he could obtain theshelterjof a large 1
oak, which stood at a little distance. i
" Almost exhausted with the labors of f
the day, he was about making such dis- 1
position of the saddle and his own coat, as <
would enable him to pass the night with t
what comfort circumstances would admit, t
when lie spied a light glimmering through !
the trees. Animated with the hope of i
better lodgings, he determined to proceed. <
The way, which was somewhat steep, be- i
came attended with'more obstaclest the far. t
1 ther he advanced, the soil being composed i
! of clay, which the rain had rendered so soft <
that his feet slipped at every step. By I
the utmost perseverance, this difficuhy was I
1 finally overcome without any accident, and
he had the pleasure of finding himself in 1
? front of a decent looking farm-house. The |
watch dog began barking, which brought |
' ?u? mi.t.ai/vn t-ltt. flrtnp I
ttlC owner OJ IIIU Hiauaivu ?.v mv uum,
444 Who is there?' said he. <
44 4 A friend who has lost his way, and in i
search of a place of shelter,'was the answer. ;
444 Come in sir,' added the first speaker,
4 and whatever my house will afford, you <
shall have with welcome.'
**41 must first provide for the weary
companion of my journey,' remarked the <
other.
44 But the former undertook the task, and
after conducting the new comer into a
room where his wife was seated, he led the
horse to a well-stored barn, and there provided
for liirn most bountifully. On rejoining
the traveller, he observed,4 That is
a noble animal of yours, sir.'
44 4 Yes,' was the reply,4 and I am sorry
that I was obliged to misuse him so, as to
make it necessary to give you so much
trouble with the care of him; but I have
'1 1 ^ ? ? l..?/JrtAOil h/vfll
i yet to tnanK you lor your nmuuv,^ wi.i
3 of US.'
"'I did no more than my duty, sir/ said
. the entertainer, 4 and therefore am entitled
1 to no thanks. But Susan,' added he, turns
ing to the hostess, with a half-reproachful
3 look,'why have you not given the gentle:?
man somthing to eat V
s " Fear had prevented the good woman
. from exercising her well-known benevo;
lencc; for a robbery had been committed
. by a lawless band of depredators, but a
s few days before, in that neighborhood, and
e as report stated that the ruffians were all
. well-dressed, her imagination suggested
that this man might be one of them,
s " At her husband's remonstrance, she
i- now readily engaged in repairing her error,
it by preparing a plentiful repast. During
n the meal there was much interesting coni
vcrsation among the three. As soon as
n the worthy countryman perceived that his
i- guest had satisfied his appetite, he informed
i-1 hi:*. that it was now the hour at which 'he
family usually performed their evening devotions,
inviting him at the same time to
be present. The invitation was accepted
in these words:
"4 It would afford me the greatest
pleasure to commune with my heavenly
Preserver, after the events of the day;
such exercises prepare us for the repose we
seek in sleep.'
u The host now reached his Bible from
the shelf, and after reading a chapter and
singing, concluded the whole with a fervent
prayer; then lighting a pine knot, conJucted
the person he had entertained to his
chamber, wished him a good night's rest,
and retired to the adjoining apartment.
444 John,' whispered the woman, 'that is
a good gentleman, and not one of the highway
men as I supposed.'
4*4 Yes, Susan,' said he,41 like him bettor
for thinking' of his God, than for ail his
kind inquiries after our welfare. I wish
aur Peter had been home from the army,
if it was only to hear this good man talk ;
f nm sure Washington himself could uo!
1 *** o
say more for his country nor give a better
listory of the hardships endured by our
jrave soldiers.'
"4 Who knows now,' inquired the wife,'but
t may be he himself after all, my dear, for
hey do say he travels just so, all alone,
sometimes.*?Hark ! what's that?'
" The sound of a voice came from the |
chamber of their guest, who was now en-1
raged in private religious worship. After
hanking the Creator for his many mercies,
ind asking a blessing on the inhabitants of
he house, he continued, * An J now, A I.
nighty Father, if it is thy holy will, that
vc shall ob ain a place and a name among
he nations of the earth, grant that we may
)e enabled to show our gratitude for thy
'oodness, by our endeavors to fear and
R!a?c iic wirh wisdom in our
/utjr uiw*
councils, and success in battle, and let allour
victories be tempered with humanity. Enlow
also our enemies with enlightened
ninds, that they may become sensible of
heir injustice, and willing to restore our
iberty and peace. Grant the petition of
hy serv ant, tor the sake of Him whom thou
las called thy Beloved Son ; nevertheless,
lot my will, but thine be done. Amen.'
" The next morning, the traveller, declining
the pressing solicitations to breakfast j
vith his host, declared it was necessary for
lim to cross the river immdiatelv ; at the
iame time offering a part of his purse, as a
tomponsation for the attention lie had re:cived,
which was refused.
"4 Well, sir,' concluded he, i since you
vill not permit me to recompense vou for
- -i i -i i-i
rour trouble, it is out jusi mat i snouiu m.
oriii you on whom you have conferred so
nany obligations, and also add to them by
equesting your assistance in crossing the !
iver. I had been out yesterday, endeav- j
>uring to obtain some information respect- ,
ng our enemy, and, being alone, ventured !
oo fur from the camp; on my return I was
uprised by a foraging party, and only es-1
taped by my knowledge of the roads and
he fleetness of my horse. My name is !
George Washington.1
"Surprise kepi the listener silent for a
noment; then, after unsuccessfully repeat- J
ng the invitation to partake of some rereshment,
he hastened to call two negroes, (
vith whose assistance he placed the horse
>n a small raft of timber, that was lying in j
he river near the door, and soon conveyed ;
* ^ 1 *- ciila ivlmrp ho I
lie uencrai iu mc uj>j>van.c oiuv, '? IIVI W ..w j
eft him to pursue his way 10 the camp,
vishing him a safe and prosperous journey. 1
3n his return to the house, he found that j
.vhilc he was engaged in making prepara.
ions for conveying the horse across the
iver, his illustrious visitor had pcrsualed
his wife to accept a token of rememjrance,
which tlio family are proud ol exlibiting
to this day.
"The above is only one of the many
nazards encountered by this truly great
patriot, for the purpose of transmit:ing to
posterity the treasures we now enjoy. Let
as acknowledge the benefits received, by
aur endeavors to preserve them in purity;
and bj keeping in remembrance tne great
source whence tlicse blessings flow, may
we be enabled to render our names worthy
of being enrolled with that of the father of
bis country.
"In the follow ing perfectly authentic incident,
we have a striking corroboration of
those already recorded, and \Vith them furnishing
proof so ample of the point before
us, that it will be unnecessary to look for
additional testimony.
"During his residence in Philadelphia,
as President of the United States, it was the
habit of Washington, winter and summer, to
retire to his study at a certain hour every
night. He usually did so at nine o'clock;
always having a lighted candle in his hand,
and closing the door carefully after him.
A youthful member of his household whose
room was near the study, being just across
the passage, observing mis cuimaiu pim;tice
of the Preside it, had his thoughts excited
in reference to the cause of so uniform
a custom. Accordingly, on one occasion,
in the indulgence of a juvenile curiosity, lie
looked into the room, sometime after the
President had gone in; and to his surprise,
saw him upon his knees at a small table,
with a candle and open Bible thereon.
" In these facts we have all the evidence
we could ask of iiis uniform attention to the
divinely commanded observance of private
prayer. The evidence, too, embraces a
very large porion of his life. Our limited
and partial information comprehends a period
of forty years?that is, from his twenty-third
to beyond his sixtieth year. It was
his habit whilst engaged in the French and
Indian war; it was so also during the revolutionary
war ; and it was the same during
his presidential terms, and no doubt it was
so to the end of his life.
IIo'v ro'*fc'I and fixed must that grt
cious principle have been, which could
produce such unwavering and persevering
devotion to .hese duties,?a devotion not
to be impaired by the trying scenes, circumstances
and associations, which belong,
cd to his peculiar avocations and earthly al.
lolmenf. But in this very du'y, no doubt,
did he find strength for every trial. Here
was in a great measure the secret of his
greatness, and of the wonderful success
which ever attended him. It was the
ll-ssing of God on him, as Ids chosen and
dutiful servant, that so fully equipped hint
for every service, and conducted him to
the highest usefulness and the greatest honor.
It was in reference to this known exctllence
in Washington, that Dr. Mason, of
New York, in the funeral eulogy pronounced
on the occasion of his death, in February,
1800, uses the languageThat invisible
hand which girded him at first, continued
to guide him through the successive
stages of the revolution. Nor did he account
it a weakness to bend the knee in hoi
I mage lo its supremacy, ana prayer ior iw
direction. This was the armor of Washington,
this the salvaiion of his country.'f
" We cannot but remember with sadness
in this connexion, that many of the great
ones of our world appear to think, that the
important duty before us is altogether unsuited
to persons of their distinction & digni.
ty. But were not religion and greamess
united in the person of Washington ? Did
religion impair his greatness or cloud the
i lustre of his fame? Count it not a weak:
ness in him ; the 'majesty of his character*
forbids the thought. Rather let those enO
t
dowed with talents and invested with office,
follow his example; and find in God a
strength more than human, for every duty
and every trial."
*In the summer of 1779 Washington had
his head quarters on the Hudson river. That
he was in the habit of travelling alone sometimes
during the war is well Tmown. The
circumstances mentioned above are said to
have occurred in the month of June,?the year
it would seem not remembered. It appears
from one of his letters that he was absent from
camp for a day or two, about that time in 1779.
In a letter dated New Windsor, July the 9th,
he says, " I did not receive intelligence of this
till the afternoon of the 7th inst., having been
absent from head-quarters from the morning of
the preceding day, on a visit to our outposts
helow. and those lately established by the
enemy."
f"The example of Washington teaches
a poignant reproof to those who think,
or act as if they thought, that religion is incompatible
with greatness. The majesty
his character forbids a suspicion that his reverence
for the worship of God, and his solicitude
for the prevalence of religious principle,
I were either a tribute to prejudice, or a stratagem
of state. But every possible doubt is removed
by the fact it was nis unform practice,
even during the war, to retire at a certain
hour, for the devotion of the closet/'
From the National Intelligencer.
THE NAVY YARD.
The Navy Yard of the city of Washington
was organized and established under
an act of Congress, approved 27th March,
1804, during the administration of Thomas
Jefferson, with whom it was a favorite object
of patronage. It contains within its
limits about 28 acres, and is enclosed on
* -?-?-??j ~ u t_ H.
three sines oy a mgn unu strung urn;* wan,
the other side fronts on the Eastern Branch,
or Anacostia river. lis entrance is by an
arched gateway on the north, designed by
the late Benj. H. Latrobe. Inside of the
yard are contained all the necessary buildings,
machinery, and other apparatus for
constructing vessels of every description,
| erected agreeably to the most approved
; principles and modern improvements, with
suitable buildings for accommodating tho
officers. It includes an armory, a rigging
; loft, a laboratory for preparing ordnance
stores, an iron foundry, a brass and compo.
siiion foundry, a chain-cable and camboose
shop, an anchor shop, smithery and plumb.
, er's shop, a blockmaker's shop, a saw-mill,
, and a steam-engine of fourteen horse power
to drive the various machinery, two timber
; sheds, on arched columns, a joiner's shop
! and mould lof, two ship-houses, with ways,
&c., for building and launching vessels of
any size. There is also in the yard a fresh
! water dock, for seasoning timber, dec.?
: There were built at this Yard the ships of
war Wasp and Argus, the brig Viper, the
frigate Essex, the Columbus, of 74 guns,
the frigates Potomac and Brandy wine, each
of 44 guns, the schooners Shark and Gram
pus, the sloop of war St. Loui9,of 24 guns,
j and the friga'c Columbia, of 44 guns.
Tko Vnvu Vn?fl nf this nluce can. in the
JL IIV
great extent and completeness of its arrangements,
vie with any cs ablishment of
the kind in the United States for the con.
struction and repair of vessels, for its anchors,
chain-cablcsjcambooses, water-tanks,
blocks, dec. In many respects, it surpasses
almost every other Yard in the Union.
Why, then, is this Yard suffered to fall in o
decay, for want of national encouragement,
and suffer so many honest, ingenious, and
! industrious mechanics to be reduced to beggary
and want, because the Government
| has failed to fulfil the just expectations of
; those who have vested their little all in bouses
and lots to meet the wants of those employed
on the public works?
j latere is no place in the Union better
suited for a naval school, than the Navy
Yard located in this city?a school of the
utmost importance to the country; and a
naval hospital, where the brave, generous,
but thoughdess tar may find a home
and shelter in the winter of age.
It is very probable that it will not be long
ere the whole system of naval warfare will
be changed. The ingenious Mr. R. L. Ste.
vens, of Hoboken, has inven'ed a shot which
i is hollow, and is filled with somo kind of
fulminating powder, which is ignited by tho
j comrr ssion of air when i! strikes the side