Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, November 29, 1836, Image 1
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1
CHER AW GAZETTE.
M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & I'ROFKIETOR. C1IERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1836. VOL. II. NO. 3.
T. A. PETTEGREW, PRINTER.
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iti ir 11 vrnrii-w v.
V KA.A.?J m-a V w.l a.
MEMORANDA, FOR THOSE WHO WOULD IMPROVE
IN HUSBANDRY.
Draining, manuring, alternating crops,
and root cu ft ure, arc the best and cheapest
means of increasing the profits of a tillage
farm?they form the basis of good husbandry.
1. Draining?The fiist requisite is to
c'ivest a soil of surplus moisture. Lands
that are wet upon the soil or sub-soil, will
not bring good grain or grass. If the evil
is owing to surface water, it stagnates in
summer, and becomes prejudicial to crops
growing upon i, and to animals. If it proceeds
from springs, it keeps the tempera uro
of the soil too low for healthy vegctaion. In
either case it prevents the land being worked
early, or during wet seasons, and retards
the decomposition of the vegetable matters,
which should serve as the food of plants.
? , . . iii
w nen proj)eriy cirameci, wcr or marsny lanus
arc among the most productive soils, as they
generally abound in vegetable ma ter, accumulated
and preserved by water. Without
draining, they are comparatively unproductive,
and are often nuisances.
2. Manures are the true food of plants,
be the speculations of theorists what they
may. Every farmer may demonstrate this
truth in his practice. We can no more obtain
good crops from a poor soil, than we
can obtain good beef from a loan pasture.
Vegetable matters constitute alike the raw
material for beef and for corn. The elementary
matters of both are materially ihe
same.?Every vegetable and every animal
substance, or whatever has been such, however
nauseous and ofF.nsive, con'ains food
for our farm crops ; and the fertility of our
soil, and the profits of our husbandry, will
depend in a great measure upon the econo
my with which we husband tin's vegetable
food, and the judgment with which we apply
it to our crops. Without good crops we
cannot rear good animals; and without animals
we cannot have dung to enrich our
grounds. Every crop we take from a field
serves more or less to exhaust the soil of
fertility ; and unless wo return to it some
equivalent in the form of manure, it will in
time become a barren waste. Again, as
. animal and vegetable matters begin 1o ferment,
and to dissipate their fertilizing properties,
as soon as they are brought in contract
with heat, moisture and air, they should
be buried in the soil in the spring at fiirdicst,
in an incipient state of fermentation. And
as the hoed crops, such as corn, potatoes,
beans, ruta baga, &c., thrive best upon the
volatile parts of manure, the long manure
should !>e fed to them. The farmer who
has a good soil, should take care to keep it
good; and he who has a poor soil should
strive constantly to make it better, as every
advance he makes in improving if, increases
Ins productive capital.?This preservation,
or increase of fertility, cannot he well effectf?/l
n /Inn *?/i/*oi*/] l/\
U IIIIUUI U UUV? IV glU U IV/
3. Alternating Craps. Few soiis will
"bear a repetition of the same crop for successive
years, even with the aid of dung,
without diminution of product, whether in
tillage or grass. One reason of this is, that
each kind of crop takes from the soil a specific
food, which other kinJs do not take in
like quantity. Hence, during an intermission
of four or five years there is ordinarily
restored to the soil the specific food of that
kind which it is capable of growing. Cultivated
crops arc sometimes grouped, in alternate
husbandry, in three classes, viz. dry
crops, embracing all the small grains, and
> which are most exhausting; 2d, grass crops,
embracing timothy, orchard grass and
other perennial varieties, which exhaust less,
but which run out, or sensibly diminish in
'product, in a few years; and 3d, green crops,
comprising clover, turnips, &c., which pulverise
and ameliorate the soil, and exhaust
least of all. Where convenient, a crop of
one of each of these classes should follow
in succession, the grass continuing to occupy
the ground while it continues to yield a
good crop of hay. If retained too long in
grass, the soil becomes too compact, and
impervious to the genial influences of heat
and air. It is particularly recommended,
that two dry crops should not succeed each
other, except wheat or rye may follow oats,
when the latter is made a fallow crop upon
an okl grass lev. Although the deterioration
under a bad system of cropping maybe
slow, and almost imperceptible, yet both
science and experience teach us that it is
inevitable, and fatal to the ultimate hopes of
the husbandman. Many of the old States
afford lamentable evidence of this truth.
4. Root Culture is one of the best gifts
which modern improvement has bestowed
upon husbandry. It gives the most animal
food with the least labor; it is, under good j
management, the most certain in its returns;!
it gives the most manure: it best amelio-1
rates the soil, and fits it for drv crops; and i
it affords an important link in the chain of;
alteration. It is considered thr? bush of <_'<-*> 1i
i
moLMium mm 11 mbbm?m ii i bmmwwmmmmbm
husbandry in Great Britain, Flanders, Gor
many ami France, and has transformed lh?
county of Norfolk from a waste to the mos
})rofitable district in England. Highly a:
the beet culture is prized in France, as at
fording a material lor the profitable fabri
cation of sugar, it is no less valued as ai
alternating root crop, and asalibrding a ma
terial for making good beef and good mut
ton. The roots that may enter extensively
in o our husbandry, are the potatoe(and tlx
varieties of these that are best for table, af<
ford t te most nutriment to cattle) ru!a baga
mangold uurtz *1, carrot, parsnip and sugar
bee*.
As subsidiary to the preceding cardinal
points it) good tanning, we give the follow,
ing, which, although they may appear tc
many to he hackneyed truisms, are nevertheless
so important as to be worth often repea'ing.
5. Keep none but good farm stock, whether
as regards breeds or individuals. Sell the
worst of your flocks. Like produces like ;
and tire gain in breeding Ironi the btist you
have, greatly counterbalances the extra
price that the prime individual will bring in
the market. A cow that gives eighteen
quarts of milk per day in June, costs no
more in her keep than one that gives but six
quarts; yet the product of the tirst is threefold,
and the profits four-fold, those of the
latter. The fleece of the; Saxon or Merino
sheep is twice as valuable as that of the
common one, though the cost of keeping
them is equal. And the same corn that
will make 100 lbs. of pork upon a long-logged,
long-snouted, razor-backed bog, will
put 150 or 200 lbs. upon the frame of a
Berkshire or other improved breed.
G. Keep your farm stock well. A certain
quantity of food must be given to keep
them alive; all beyond this goes to increase
growth, or is converted into meat, or milk,
or wool; and if a litrle extra food is in tin's
way profitable, much must be proportionable
more so, for the more food you thus
convert, the greater your return in labor,
flesh and milk.
7. Cultivate no more land than you can
improve, with a reasonable certainty of
handsome fit,net proem bracing in the items
f l . .i l P
oi expenditure, ttie interest on i:s vaiuc, ioncvs.
taxes, manure and lalwr. The good
farmer, who raises 80 bushels cf corn on
one acre of land, clears the price of 50
bushels, which at 50 cents the bushel, is 8*25,
The poor farmer, who cultivates four
acres of corn, and gets 30 busltcls on an
acre, barely gets compensated for his labor
and expense. We estimate the expense of
raising and harvesting an acre of corn at
815, or the price of 30 bushels ofthe grain.
8. TJuy good implements and tools, though
they cost more than poor ones, and always
keep them in repair for use. A good
plough is drawn with half the team that a
hurl Ann iu. nnrl dnrs thn wnrb !\vir?r? nswed.
provided the ploughman knows how to use
it. One good ploughing is better than two
bad ones. Hence the farmer is soon compensated
for the additional cost of the good
article. The same remark holds good in
icgard to other implemcn's and tools of the
farm. In row culture, the cultivator will
pay for itself in a season, in the economy of
labor; the straw cutter will do the like in
economising fodder, and the drill barrow is
a subject of economy in root cul ure.
9. Wo hardly need admonish the reader
to use none but clean good seed; for every
man knows that lie will reap only what he
sows?the cheat controversy to the contrary
notwithstanding.
10. And lastly, we should disragard our
duty, did we not press upon the consideration
of every farmer the importance of agricultural
publications, as the cheapest and
most certain means of improving in the practice
and proli s of his business. These
bring to his notice constantly the improvements
and discoveries that arc going on in
the business of agriculture, and they detail
the pracice of the best farmers of our country.
lie that does not keep pace with the
impro 'cmenis of die day, in husbandry, as
in other arts, cannot long find pleasure or
profit in his employment. Those who stand
still and content themselves with the practice
of their fathers, will scon find that the
business, active world, have all gone ahead
of them. But we urge this matter particularly
as an efficient means of instructing and
qualifying the young for the duiies of mature
years?of simulating them to acquire useful
knowledge, and that confidence anJ selfrespect
which should ever characterize the
yeomanry of a free country. The seed
must be sown, ami the mind be nurtured in
the youth, if we would expect a harvest of
respectability and usefulness in the man.?
Cultivator.
ON FEUDING YOUNG CHILDREN.
From " Combe, on Digestion and Dietetics."
There is no period of life during which
it is of greater importance to follow the intentions
of nature in the regulation of diet,
both as to quantity and quality, than during
the earliest part of childhood; for at no period
is the neglect of them more fatal.?
Surprise is sometimes expressed at the number
of children who arc carried off before
completing their lirst or second year ; but
when we consider the defective education,
and entire ignorance of the human economy,
not only of the nurses and servants, to
whose care the young are intrusted, but
of the parents themselves, our wonder ought
to become greater that so many survive,
than that so many die. There is perhaps
not one mother in ten thousand who, before
becoming such, has ever inquired into the
nature and wants of the newly-born infant,
cr knows on wiiat principles its treatment
ought to be directed ; and hence the hurtful
and superstitious notions of the human economy
which still linger in the nursery, lout:
alter they have ceased to prevail in t!i?;
world of science.
Those whoso opportunities of obscrvar;
tion have been extensive, will agree with me
t in opinion, that nearly one half of the deaths
s occurring during the first two years of ex
istence, are ascrihable to mismanagement
. and to errors in diet. At birth, the stom1
ach is feeble, and as yet unaccustomed to
- food. Its cravings are consequently easily
. satisfied, and frequently renewed. A hcalr
thy infant seeks the breast with avidity, but
) sucks a little at a time. It leaves an inter.
val for thoroughly digesting the little which
, it has swallowed : after which its appetite
revives, and a fresh supply is demanded in
a language which no mother can misinterI
pret. During the first months, appetite
. ought to be the mother's guide in offering j
i the breast; and if she know how to read the {
expression of her infant aright, she will want j
no other. At that earlv age, there ought |
to he no fixed time for giving nourishment. I
The stomach cannot be thus satisfied. In j
one child digestion may be slow, and the !
interval be consequently too short: in an- j
other it mar be quick; and the interval TOO !
long. But the active call of the infant is a
sign which needs never be mistaken, and
none else ought to be listened to.
Many mothers consider every expression
of uneasiness as an indication of appetite,
and whenever a child cries they offer it the
breast again, although ten minutes may no:
, have elapsed since its preceding repast.?
Nothing can he more injurious than this
custom. It overloads and oppresses the
stomach,?excites griping and bowel-complaints,
restlessness and fever,?and not unfrequently
leads to fatal diseases in the
brain. It does harm also, bv withdrawing
the mother's notice from the real source i
of uneasiness.
It is astonishing, indeed, with what ex- j
clusiveness of understanding eating is re- j
garded, even by intelligent parents, as the :
grand solatium or panacea for all the pains j
and troubles which afflict the young. If a
child falls over a s'one and bruises its leu, I
tJ' I
its cries ?iro immediately arrested by a su- :
gar-biscuit stufled into its open mouth.? |
If its temper is discomposed by the loss of a ;
toy, it is forthwith soothed by an offer of!
! sweetmeats, the ultimate effect of which is (
to excite colicky pains in its bowels, which j
are worse than the original evil, and for j
which, in their turn, it is presented with 1
"nice peppermint drops," or some other'
equally pleasant antidote. Because the
mouth is open when the child is crying, and
the mouth leads to the stomach, parents
jump to the conclusion that it is open for ;
the purpose of being tilled, and proceed to ;
cram it accordingly; forgetting all the while
that the mouth leads also to the windpipe,
and may be open for the admission of air
to the lungs, as well as of food to the s'o-!
mach, and that if they stuff it with cake or
pudding when it is open only for .he recep- j
tinn nf air. thrv run the risk of suffocating 1
w # ' J m w
the little innocent, when their only wish is i
to soothe liirn. Kvcry body must have
seen fits of convulsive cough induced by
fragments of food being drawn into the i
windpipe in such circumstances.
To confound crying and the expression of
pain with the cravings of hunger, is far;
from being a matter of indifference to the J
child. Jffood be given when it wishes only
? 1
to be relieved from sullcring, the offending i
cause is left in activity, and its efleets arc i
aggravated by the additional ill-timed distention
of its stomach. But so far is this important
truth from being sufficiently impressed on '
the minds of parents and nurses, that noth- j
ing is more common, when the infant refu- i
ses to swallow more, but still continues
to crv, than to toss it in the nurse's arms,
as if on purpose to shake down its food, |
and then resume the feeding. And in such j
attempts it is too true that the perseverance
of the nurse often gets the better of the child,
and forces it at last to receive the food at t
which it really loathes.
44 Let appetite, then, be the only rule, hut
allow it to appear, and do not attempt to
provoke it. The breast ought not to be j
offered to the infant; it is for him to seek j
it. He has little need of sucking who takes ;
it with indifference, or as if he were conferring
a favour. He who is hungrv acts;
0 o y
very difforendy; all his gestures express
clearly the want and the desire ; his eye j
follows his nurse, and tries to interpret her j
every movement. If he is crying, his cries ;
cease at her approach, and smiles replace
his tears. If he is olfercd the breast, j
he seizes it with ardour, and the mother ,
viclds to a natural want." But it is far oth-1
erwise when real oppctitc is wanting, and |
It then becomes an act of cruel perfidy to !
tempt the infant by the offer of the breast, j
How can it be expected to resist the temptn- j
tion, when the adult, whose appetite is al- j
ready satisfied al the festive board, yields j
1 ho cnlioifMtinnvj of tlm host, nnd corses I
L"^ ' O O l
himself with aliments which he cannot di- j
gust ?"*
The same intelligent author remarks, j
that the lower .animals instinctively avoid .j
' this error, and, instead of offering suck too ;
often, rather allow themselves to he strongly
solicited before yielding to the wishes of i
their young. By this provident arrange-:
, ment, the latter are protected from the evils
of too frequent eating. Many mothers !
imagine that milk is so bland a fluid that it j
is impossible for an infant to take too much i
oi* it; but the fallacy of the notion is expo- j
sed when we recollect that milk is coagulated
the; moment it reaches the stomach, and
that the real subject of digestion is curd?
! a substance not quite so light as milk has
' the appearance of being.
The grand rule, then, during the early
months of infancy, is to satisfy the clearly
1 indicated and ascertained wants of the child, I
j but neither to confine it to regular hours,;
nor to oiler it food when it is crying solely
j from pain and not from hunger. When j
j! the system has become more developed,
% fionde. KlerrrT.s d*Hygiene, vol. ii. i? lf?l.
and the stomach accustomed to tiie excr
cise of its functions, regularity in the dislri
bution of its meals may be gradually an<
beneficially introduced; because, in tlx
animal economy, there is a natural tendon
cy to periodicity, which greatly facilitate;
the formation of proper habits.
From the sudden change attending tlx
introduction of the infant into the world, the
many new sensations which it begins tc
feel, and the non-secretion of milk in tin
mother's breasts lor some hours after deli
very, it seems to have been intended by na
lure that both parent and child should have
some time for repose before a supply ol
food should be required by the one or furnished
by the other. But through pure ignorance
and mistaken kindness, manj
nurses, imagining themselves wiser than
nature, and conceiving that the newly-born
infant must of necessity bo starving nftoi
what they consider a nine months' Fast,
hasten to till its stomach with gruel or some
other food. Not unfrequently, severe indi 'if**:11
io t!11ic indnml nt fhr> vnrv r?i>
6w..w.. vi; w. w
which, in a delicate child, may be sufficient
to iny tb.e foundation of much suffering and
O
bad health.
The following historical note we extract
from an article in the Newborn Spectator.
Ncwbern was first settled in 1709, one
hundred and twenty-seven years ago, b;* a
colony of Palatines, or Germans, from Heidleburg
011 the Rhine, and its vicinity. The
spot was called New Berne, out of compliment
to Graflenried, the unworthy leader
of the pnrtv, who was a native of Berne, in
Switzerland. Their first shelter, like that
of most emigrants at that period, were ternporary
hutsT erected on the spot where we
now write, which they occupied till they
should be formally put in possession of their
promised lands. Graflenried and Micliell
had previously covenanted with the Lords
Proprietors of Carolina for 10,000 acres,
between the Nense and Cape Fear river.*,
at twenty shillings the hundred acres, and
sixpence, annually, quit reir. Having thus
secured the lands, these men wished to
make them productive, by settling th"in, and
they accordingly agreed to transport to
Carolina one hundred families, about 030
in number, who had sought refuge in Eng
i. . .
land from irreligious persecution in their
own country, promising to each 230 acres
of land, to be held on easy terms. In Deceni!)or
of the year above mentioned the
Palatines landed, as sta cd, at the confluence
of the Ncuse and Trent, and erected their
temporary huts. But the ill fortune which,
in their native country, had compelled them
to seek the protection of Queen Anne, of
England, pursued them even here. Graffenried,
in whose name the lands had been
taken up, and with whom the confiding
cmigruns had deposited their money, returned
to Europe without having given them
a title to their respective settlements.?He
had, before bis departure, treacherously
mortgaged the whole grant to Thomas
Pollok, for eight hundred pounds sterling,
and it passed to the heirs of that gentleman,
who, at this day, retain a considerable portion
of it. These unfortunate people were,
after a series of years, partly indemnified by
a grant of 10,000 acftts, free from quit rent
for ten years, in consequence of their petition
to the King, George the First. Among the
descendants of those pers'reuted people who
yet remain in the neighborhood, we can
trace but the names of lslar, Moor, Eipock,
Morris, Kinsev, Kchlar,Gran ado, Miller, and
Simons. The earliest legislative act which
we find respecting the laying out and promotion
of the town, is dated 23d November,
(O. S.) 1728.
We have repeatedly recommended the
^Common School Assistant," published in
Albany, X. Y. at the low price of 50 cents
per ni:uum, as a valuable work for both
parents and teachers. The following communication
we copy from the November
No. because it points out some of the advantages
of the work. It was commenced
Inst winter. The back numbers can still,
we believe, be obtained.
Ballston, October 10, 1936.
Mb. Editor?Permit me to say, (although
the "Common School Assistant" has
proved better than its patrons promised, and
is universally appreciated by all i's readers,)
1 think there is one point of great importance
in which your paper has nor been considered.
The point 1 refer to is this:?It saves
for evertj parent a considerable amount oj
his school expenses. This all will admit;
but to make it still clearer, I will say something
of my children, and their school and
teacher. The numbers you have published
on the best method of teaching reading,
writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, dec.
l?r?vr> co onlirrhtenod and assisted our teach
"" " ~ "O - er,
that I am confident that I speak within
bounds, when I say my children have made
three times the improvement in the same
amount of time they did before your paper
was read. Indeed, sir, there is a now spirit
in our school. The teacher has three times
the skill in communicating knowledge that
he had before. And your remarks on
school government too. Sir, you cannot
imagine how different our teacher governs
his school now, from wiiat he once did.?
Whenever I used to pass the school-house,
I always heard the sound of whipping or
scolding, or loud talking and wrangling;
but now, when I pass the school, it is so still
and quiet that I think if the children wish
to read and reason, they have a good op.
portuniiy.
Although I pay no more than I did one
year ago, I am confident that my children
receive twice the benefit from the school.?
If a parent will pay fifty rents for youi
paper, he will so assist his ch icken and tin
marly.']' to save /and I make a mod'Tat*
- estimate,) at least five dollars a year in
. school expenses. I do know I have done so.
J and that all my neighbours have been equal2
ly benefitted.
Our children's time is valuable, and the
s money \vc pay for their schooling amounts
to a considerable sum; and hence it is of
2 the greatest importance that this precious
? time he well spent, and that our money is
> well laid out. We seem willing enough to
> buy books, to employ teachers, and to build
. school-houses. Yes?for these things we
. arc willing, and do it cheerfully, to pay large
; sums every year. But when some are ref
quested to pay fifty cents for your paper?
which will make that school-house more valuable,
the teacher more competent, more
r skilful, and the books more intelligible and
i instructive?they think they cannot afford
i it. They might as well say, I must have
horses nnd oxen to do mv work, and cows
, to furnish me with milk and butter, and therei
fore I have bought them, but I cannot now
afford to feed them?it will be an additional
.1 l A i l 1
, expense?incy nave cosi me so mucn ai:
ready that I cannot afford to buy hay and
grain. But on this subject we would not
talk so. We would give our cattle every
attention and the best of food, if we intended
them to do us good service. But not so
do we act towards our school. We give
i this but very little attention. We hardly
know whether it is fit to do us any service
or not, or whether it labors profitably,-or in
s fact, whether it labors at all. To pay fifty
cents to make this extensive machine do a
good service and labor faithfully, tec think
ice cannot afford. No, the steam-engine
has cost so much, that we cannot afford to
buy wood to get the steam up?the Plough
and horses have cost so much that we can- i
not buy a harness to work with: it costs so i
much to pay teachers and to buy books,
that wc cannot afford to get that which will
make these teachers and hooks moro useful
!
Mr. Editor, tell mc, sir, is this common
sense/ How wolii'Iy do parents miss it,
when they refuse a little expense to make
that useful which they pay so much for? I
am confident that if parents will reflect a
moment, they will see their true interest, and
get all the help they can to make their
school, which forms their children's character,
enlightened and useful, and one that
will give them a fair return for the money
tliey pav.
A PARENT.
TEACHING.
Too litde attention is given to this important
art. The following directions for
teaching were handed in to us by a friend
a number of months ago. They are from
an experienced teacher, and may prove
useful to parents and teachers:
* I T P L-J.1
Jn DCginingme euucunon 01 yourcnnurcn,
do not depend foo much upon books in their
hands, particularly if they are under nine
years of age. Commence instruction by
exercises in mental calculations, drawing,
geographical figures, and merely the outlines
of maps; introduce spelling particular,
ly, by using large letters. As soon as a
child can spell a word of three syllables there
is no difficulty in teaching him to read.?
Do not continue one exercise so long as to
fatigue or tire the child; but let them be
varied so as to become pleasing.
Take care to illustrate to the eye when
possiuie, any uuug juu man >u ufiuiiiuincate;
and if it is an exercise of judgment,
let your explanation be plain and easy, and
simply illustrated by some little s'ory.
As soon as your child can read, commence
geography by using maps. Let his
lessons in arithmetic,-geography, and in
fact, every thing you teach, be made a
part of his reading.
Let his writing consist of something lie
is studying. You can teach a child of five
years of age spelling, drawing, writing, calculation,
reading, geog-aphy, all at the same
time.
Children soon learn to draw outlines of
maps correctly; then let them proceed to
fill them up by placing the towns, and
drawing the rivers. This gives an exercise,
continuing the drawing, spelling, writing
and geography.
When a child is advancing beyond what
he understands, retreat, and present what
you wish him to understand in some other
form?fow children relish the same thing
over again. Whenever you fail to arrest
the attention to one study, try another; in
this way I always get my scholars to study I
, attentively. Never show yourselves angry
- if possible. Do not ever speak in a loud |
I tone
of voice. By no means admit punishrncnt
of any sort. Appeal to reason, and
you will never fail. Grammar and the
highest branches of mathematics should be
o *
reserved for children over 12 years of age.
The elements of philosophy by question
and answer is an interesting s.udy for young i
children, if you can get suitable books,'
(Little Philosopher.) Do not require them
to commit tasks to memory in the ordinary
way; depend upon it that is laborious to the
child, and in my opinion serves more to
weaken his mind than to improve it. 1 depend
upon illus rating to the eve; and in this
I go almost beyond any one I have ever
met with. I find no diflicultv in teaching
i elementary calculation by visible objects;
and in fact, almost every thing I do teach
, children under nine years of age. If you
teach a school, lot your school be so arrangfil
that your pupils can be always engaged.
I This prevents ail the mischief common in
i schools. Give one hour in the moruing to
. arithmetic, one hour to natural history, by
using pictures, and one hour to drawing |
i maps and filling them up. In the evening !
i give your first lesson in writing; let it con
sistof something they are learning; never
r write for writing sake only. Use a slate'
; with young beginners in writing. Give half
* an hour to reading hv classes. Let' th's
lecture consist of something they are studying.
Never put a book in a child's hand
which you think above his comprehension?
picture lessons are the best. Give a lesson
in practical numbers wit!) your numeral
frame. If ydu have no such apparatus, use
coffee grains, beans, or something similar.
I used small solids to advantage.
Ifa child betrays inattention while in class,
do not show anger: but send him oil*, at the
same time denying him the instruction you
are giving the others. This you will
scarcely have to do a second time. Make
the learning tiro good tiling in view, and
when they displease, make the denial of it
the only punishment, and you will never fail.
If you wish your children educated, never
let dietn study Latin. French and Italian,
when practically taught area valuable part
of an education.?N. Y. S. Jour.
The Sabbath at Home.?Like all the
other associations of childhood, the manner
of spending the Lord's day at home will
make an impression that time will not weaken.
If it is made n day of austerity and
gloom to the child, the lad will be glad of the
first season of liberty to change it to a day
of pleasure, and if will be very difficult ever
to bring the man to reg.<r i it in a pleasing
light. It is of the greatest importance,
therefore, to know what is the proper way
of observing the Sabbath, and how to tan
children to the duty. To answer the first
inquiry we must learn from Scripture the
history and design of the ohs-irvance; the
nature of the events commemorated; the
manner in which the day is spoken of; the
example of our Lord and his disciples; the
duties enjoined and and the things forbidden
in regard to it. The result of such an
investigation will be, that the Lord's day is
a season of res'; of suspension of secular
employents and pleasures; a joyful commemoraion
of the resurrection of Christ; a
day for spiritual improvement; a day for
doing good.
m *i 1 ? .!?'_
To tram ciuidrcn to ouserve tne day in
the right wav, Christian parents must, of
course, keep it in a m inner consistent wi.h
these facts. They will allow no worldly
business or amusements to be pursued;
they will lend their families td contemplate
the glorious event of the triumph of the Re.
deemcr over death ; their conversation and
countenances will indicate pence, nnd kindness,
ai/ love; they will instruct their children
with cheerfulness in tl?eir du ies to
their Crca'or and Saviour, and take them
gently and kindly to Him in prayer and
praise; public worship will be regularly and
punctually attended, and the tabernacles of
the Lord will bo visi'ed, nnd spoken of as
amiable?lovely. The father who makes
his home on the Sabbath an abode of quietness,
sacred joy, and clieerful praise, who
displays at/-cl ion tolas children and ser
vants, and makes the Bible a revered and
beloved volume, and sets an example of private
and family prayer, and of universal
benevolence, may hope that the blessing of
heaven will rest uj>o;i his household, and
make the Sabba h a day of delight to his
seed afer him. But the parent who is
more reserve* 1 and distant to his children on
the holy day than on any other; who biuds
them to r? ligious duties as 10 a penance, and
turns the Lord's day into a season of fasting,
confinement and gloom, need not be
" ' ? 1 u
astonished n tne oiesseu nine suuuiu jwumc
a weariness <o tlu-m, aud if they should grow
up strangers to the emotions which filled
the writer of the eighty-fourth Psalm.
S. S. Journal.
From tho Texan Telegraph of Oct. 4,
SANTA ANNA'S PROTEST,
Translations
Office of the Private Secretary of the President
of the Republic of Mexico, General-in-chief
of the Army of Operations.
I, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, President
of the Republic of Mexico, and Gener.
al-in-chief of the army of operations agaii^
Texas, do appear by means of this official
document before the Government, ad inter2/7i,
of the people of Texas, in order to
show to them by this, that I am resolved
to publish to the civilized world, the following
protest:
I pro est against the violation of the
faith engaged in the agreement made between
me and the Government of Texas,
signed the 14th May u!t. and commenced
verbally with the Gcneral-in-chief of lh*s
Army of Texas, Samuel Houston, and T.
J. Rusk, Secretary of War; wherein th?
I following is stipulated :
I protest 1st. For having been treated
more like an ordinary criminal titan as a
prisoner cf war, the head of a respectable
nation, even after the agreements had been,
commenced.
I pro'est 2nd. For the treatment as prisoner
of war, and ill usage received by tho
Mexican General, Adrian Wall, who had
? :.u n <ia?
come ii.io the 1 cxian camp wnu n v.
truce, under tiie safe-guard and woru of
honor of General Hous'on, and with the
consent of the members of the Cabinet.
I protest ord. Against the non-fulfilment
of the exchange of prisoners, stipulated in
the 9th article, inasmuch as up to the present
time, not even one Mexican prisoner of
war, has been set at liberty, notwithstanding
tfje liberty given to all the Texians in
possession of the army under my command.
4th. I? 'cause the *l sine qua non" of die
10th article, as follows, has not been carried
info effect; which is, that I shall be
sent to Vera Cruz,44 when the Government
shall deem it properwhereas the President
himself and the Cabinet of Texas, bc;
ing convinced that 1 had punctually fulfilled
all my engagements, viz: that the Mexican
army, 4000 strong, should retreat from the
position it occupied on the Drazos to beyond
44 Rio Grandethat all the property should
be g'ven tm. els*) the prisoners of war??