Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, September 06, 1836, Image 1
CHERAW GAZETTE.
.. i
M. MACLEAN, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. CIIERAW, S. C? TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 183G. V0L-1 N0 ? 1
= ~
G. H. TAYLOR, PRINTER.
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^mmmmmmm
Extracts from an article on Slavery in the April i '
/ -t _? f? . \ !
number oj me nwncai itejrriory cvminuru
by an association of lientlernen in Prince-1
tuiiy X. J.
(CO\CLi:i?F.i>.) I (
Another very common and plausible ar- j i
gurnent on this subject is, that a man can. j
not be made a matter of property. He i
cannot be degraded into a brute or chattie ! 1
without the grossest violation of duty and ! i
property; and but as slavery confers this ! I
right of property in human beings it must,! 1
from its very nature, be a crime. We ac- j J
knowledge the correctness of the principle j <
on which this argument is founded, but deny j t
that it is applicable to the case in hand, i
We admit that it is not only an cnor- i
mitv, but an impossibility thaf a man should ' <
be made a thing as distinguished from a ra.! i
tionaland moral being. It is not within j I
the compass of human law to alter the j I
nature of God's creatures. A man must bo j 1
regar- ded and treated as a rational being | I
even in the greatest degradation. That j i
he is, in sums countries and some instilu- j :
tions, deprived of many of the rights and - ]
priveleges of such a being does not alter! 1
his nature. He must be viewed as a man <
fbpumst attrocious svstom of slaverv i 1
UIIUV4 n?v ? ^ ^
that ever existed. Men do nut arraign 1:
and try 011 evidence, and punish on con-I.?
vietion either things or brutes. Yet i 1
i
slaves are under a regular system of laws ! 1
which, however unjust they may be, re- j ?
cognise their character as accountable be- j;
ings. When it is inferred from the fact i 1
that the slave is called the property of Ids I 1
master, that lie is thereby degraded from <
his rank as a human being, the argument j
rests on the vagueness of the term property.
Property is the right of possession and use, 1
;md must of necessity vary according to
the nature of the objects to which it attaches.
A man has property in his wile, 1
in his children, in his domestic animals, in i
his fields and in his forests. That is, he 1
has the right to the possession and use of ?
these several objects according to their 11a- l
ture. He has 110 more right to use a brute t
as a log of wood, in virtue of the right of: |
property, than he has to use a man as ait
brute. There are general principles ofrec- j 1
titude obligatory on all men, which require ; s
them to treat all the creatures of lied ac. j 1
1 ?1 :_L 1 | ;
cording to tnc nature which lie nu> gia-u ; .1
them. The man who should burn his1 t
liorsc because lie was his property, would j J
iind no justification in that plea either be-; t
fore God or man. When therefore it is j t
said that one man is the property < ?f an-j I
other, it can only mean that the cue has a ! j
right to use the other as a man% but not as :
a brute or as a thing. Ho has 110 right to I
treat him as he may lawfully treat his ox.
or a tree. He can convert his person to no ;
use to which a human being may not, bv '<
laws of God and nature, be properly applied, s
When this idea of property comes to
lie analyzed, it is found to be nothing more t
than a claim of service either for life or for 1
a term of years. This claim is transfera- <
ble, and is of the nature of property, and is 1 <
consequently liable for the owner, and sub- j 1
jcct to his disposal by will or otherwise. It j >
is probable that the slave is called the pro- {
perty of his master in the statute books, for 1
the same reason that children are called 1
the servants of their parents, or that wives <
are said to be the same person with their 1 *
husbands and to have 110 separate exis-1 nf
their own. These are mere tech-! J
IV4IW v* ,
r.icalities designed to facilitate certain legal (
processes. Calling a child a servant does i
not alter his relation to his father; and a t
wife is still a woman though the courts may <
rule her out of existence. In like manner <
where the law declares, that t' slave shall ;
be deemed and adjudged to be a chattle :
personal in the hands of his master, it does i
not alter his nature, nor does it confer on .
the master any right to use him in a man- , i
ner inconsistent with that nature. As i
there are moral principles which direct how I
brutes are to be used by those to whom J
they belong, so there are fixed principles <
which determine how a man may he used. 1
These legal enactments, therefore, are not I
intended to legislate away the nature of the :
slave as a human being; they serve to fa cilitatethc
transfer of the master's claim of i
sendee, and to render that claim the more
readily liable for his debts. The transfer 1
of authority and claim of service from one '
master to another, is, in principle, analogous 1
trnncfm- of subjects from one sovereign ]
to another. This is a matter of frequent i
occurrence. By the treaty ot \ ienna, for ]
example, a large part of the inhabitants of <
cental Europe changed masters. Nearly \
half of Saxony was transferred to Prussia; j
Belgium was annexed to Holland. In 1
like manner Louisiana was transferred j
from France to the United States. In none j
of these cases were the people consulted, j
Yet in nil a claim of service more or less i
extended was made over from one power i
to another. There was a change of mas- j
tors. The mere fraftslcrrab'e character of !
think of Goti; and must avoid the appearance
of evil. God has promised to bless
those who do not'stand in the way of sinners.'
I want the blessing of God ; it inaketh rich, 1,1
and addeth to sorrow; and therefore I may 1li
not seek my pleasure where sinners do theirs. so
Besides, if I go for amusement, why should ni
not my little sister go ? And I am sure she So
will think me very foolish to take her to see P,J
men and women * acting' and saying things Ci
that are not true. I have often told her ty
that Jesus Christ ranks folly with pride and
ail wickedness. She will therefore think ac
me either giving her advice which 1 do not at
take myself, or else that I am becoming WI
more sinful than I was; and in either way, I cn
shall lose her confidence,4and the power of
doing her good. So, dear uncle, 1 cannot al<
go.?There arc many more reasons 1 could u11
give you for my being soi obstinate.' Pray
do not call me so?it is such an unlovely Sr
thing to be obstinate ; but let nic act ac- *n
cording to my conscience in the sight of Mi
God. ''And believe me your respectful
i., r t r.^M ?> <r]?
the master's claim to the slave does not
convert the latter into a tiling, or degrade
him from his rank as a human being. Nor
does the fact that he is bound to serve lor
life produce this effect. It is only property
in his time for life, instead of for a term of
years. The nature of the relation is not
determined by the period of its continuance.
it has, however, been urgued that the
slave is the property of his master, not only
in the sense admitted above, but in
the sense assumed in the objection, because '
his children are under the same obligation
of service as the parent- The hereditary
character of slavery, however, does not
arise out of the idea of the slave as a chat- :
Lei or thing, a mere matter of property: it
depends on the organization of society. In 1
hnglund one man is born a peer, another a j
-- i . . .. i.).. ! <
commoner; m Russia one is uorn a nouic i
another a serf; here one is born a free citi- j1
zen, another a disfranchised out-cast (the j1
free colored man.) and a third a slave, j
Those forms of society, as before remark- '
m |
I'd are not necessarily, or in themselves, <
cither just or unjust; hut become the one j
ar the other, according to circumstances.
I'ndcr a state of things in which the best
interests of the community would lie promo- j ;
ted by the British or Russian organization, j j
they would he just and acceptable to God ; j but
under circumstances in which they I j
would be injurious, they would be unjust, j
It is absolutely necessary, however, to dis- ,
criminate between an organization essen- i
tially vicious, and one which, being in itself I.
indilferent, may he right or wrong accord- j;
ing to circumstances. On the same prin- ,
-iple, therefore, that a human being in j
Lmgland is deprived, by the mere accident of,,
birth, of the right ofsullrage; and in Russia 1 ]
litis the small portion of liberty which be-!
longs to a commoner, or the still smaller j,
belonging to a serf, in this country oue class I |
is hv birth invested with all the rights of citi-1'
unship, another (ieniales) is deprived all',
[x>liticn! and many personal rights, and a ' |
lliird of even their personal liberty. Wheth- j?
2r this organization be right or wrong is ; j
not now the question. We are simply I,
showing that the fact that the children ofj,
slaves become by birth slaves, is not to be ,
cferred to the idea of the master's proj>erty j |
ti the body and soul of the parent, but re. |,
wits from the form of society, and is analo- j |
jous to other social institutions, as far as j
he principle is concerned, that children !,
ake the rank, or the political or socail con- j,
Jilion of the parent.
From the Youth's Instructor.
'LLEX's KL A SON'S FOR NOT GOING TO THE ,
unv.
Ellen was blessed with parents who ! i
oved and feared God. and wljo were anx- j<
ous that their children, whom they tenderly : |
oved, should choose him for their portion, i
tssured that in him alone could be found ';
rue, permanent satisfaction of spirit; and 1,
issured, too, that his service is the only j
>ath leading to eternal safety. With this j ]
uixiety they were careful to cultivate, as !
far as in them lay, those habits and dispo- 1
sitions in their children which might pro- .
mo*e rather than retard so desirable an obecr.
Nor were their endeavors useless, or !
heir hopes disappointed. The God whom |
hey served heard their prayer; and finding i
he young minds in the place appointed, in
he way proscribed by himself, he gracious, j
v dispensed his blessing. His grace took \
possession of their hearts; and, one after j;
thfiv chose the God of their father '
;o be their God and portion forever.
While vet young, Ellen lost her mother; i
mf 4 O' 7 j
md upon her it devolved to supply, as far |
is possible, a mothar's care to her younger ;
sister. * j
One dav, when staving with some rela
J* W
ives, who had the form of godliness, but j
,vho knew not that those who would serve
Jod must keep their hearts with all dili-;
leucc, Ellen was asked to accompany the J
hinilv to the play. The poor girl thought j
die ought not to go, because had it been
O v7 7 |
'ood for her, she knew her parents would ;
lave taken her there; and she felt she!
nust not go, because she did not see how it j
;ould increase her health, knowledge, or j
spirituality. She blushed with timidity, and j
aid she had rather not go. "Whynot?" i
aid her uncle; " it is no harm. The llib'e j
iocs not say one word against it; why!
iced you ?" Ellen said she did not like to go
o any place in which she could not glorify
Jod by either doing some good to another
jr by obtaining some good herself. "Well, j
von wi'l do some pood bv going: vou will ]
" - ' r> ' y u ' y I
shew m<' that you are not obstinate, and do :
not consider yourself wiser than I am." J
Kllen was going to say that she should be i
miserable were she to go, as she could not go
in faith, and whatsoever is not of faith is sin; i
but she thought perhaps her uncle was 'car- j
nally minded,' and then he would not un- 1
Jcrstaud what she meant; so she begged 1
bim to excuse her, and said she would on | <
the following morning give him some rea- :
sons why she could not go to the theatre.
In the morning, she sent the following j:
note:
" Dear Uncle:?I cannot go to the play,i
because I have heard that the houses in !
which plays arc performed, generally be- j
long to people irreligious in their lives; and f
[ must not choose to go to their houses for !
lmusement, wiio have not the fear of God j
before their eyes. They may lead me to j
Jo something to offend him. I have heard :
that those who take his holy name in vain,
So there. I have heard that those who
laugh at religion, and scorn to worship God 1
50 there. Indeed, I have heard that the !
greater part of the people who attend these j
places are decidedly wicked people?such ;
is would never he chosen to be our friends ,
ind companions ; and I should not like to !
go from choice where they go. It would I
took as if I was of the'- mind, and did not
- * - ? --
ind altectionatc ? .
kii
Kl'RAL ECONOMY.
in;
TRANSPLANTING IN AUTUMN. Sp
We have observed that many cultivators cr
ire afraid to remove a tree in autumn until jsj
the leaves have either dropped or turned j,e
y ellow ; but we can assure tliern that unless tjj,
the weather be very dry, they may begin ar
with great safety, as soon as the sun has cr
crossed the line. We have seen a cherry ai]
tree* of a good size, in full leaf, and very
green,?transplanted exactly at that period, rj(
md we have never seen any trees that sue- t|,
seeded better. of
We would remark, however, that it was Sp
inly removed about 30 rods, and the fibrous
roots had no opportunity to wither. sn
We are satisfied that trees transplanted C(1
parly in autumn, are likely to do better, than ^
those that are removed late in the season. ^
The roots will begin to grow, and derive the wj
nourishment from the soil, which protects 0f
1 "^ - M/vninof thn i
[UCIIlf II HI any Ut/Jjrcc i?:nun) a^amoi uiv. qq
severities of winter, and in all cases where sa
the spongdolcs can be preserved fresh and
uninjured,?bat more especially where a
considerable portion of the earth can be re- ^
moved with the roots. The leaves should
pr
be carefully retained so that the elaboration j
Df the sap may continue without interruption.
Where the roots have to remain for anv
in
considerable tune out of the ground, however,
we tliink it would probably be best to remove
the leaves entirely. We once took up
a pear tree in autumn, more than a fortnight t0
before the sun crosses the line, which was
wholly deprived of its leaves, and kept ^
about ten days unplanted, without its sustaining
the least injury. We supposed it
did better from losing its leaves, because 1,1
the office of these, is to expose the sap to the ni
air and light,?a process which exhales a ar
great quantity of' water ; and as a constant ai
draft towards the leaves is maintained, and ar
as a corrcsj>onding supply can be derived j
tin* wi> thinlc the effect of the I
ll'JIJi luv iuvivy ?? ?
leaves must be partially to exhaust the sap.
This reason accords with the practice of P
some nursery men who remove the leaves i)r
from scions in order to preserve them from Pc
withering. la
From Uic Fanner and Gardener.
THE GAPES IN CHICKENS. *r
Mr. E. 1\ Roberts :?I presume, it will n(
he allowed, there are hundreds of dollars
sunk every year in Maryland and elsewhere, m
bv the loss of young turkeys and chickens, sv
by what is commonly called the gapes. I s*
lived three years in the country ; the first ?*
year I had no disease among my fowls. 1
turned out near forty fine pullets, thinking be
the next summer to live well on chickens, m
and send some to market; but the gapes of
killed all i!iv chickens, and the summer fol- dc
lowing I did not raise a dozen. Nothing m
that I could do would cure them. My re
neighbors were in the same situation, with y<
the exception of one, whose wife had coops ar
made and carried away from the house and se
barn, some distance in the fields ; she sue- to
ceeded in raising from 2 to 300. However w
I removed to Baltimore, and being fond of be
chickens, got me two Banty liens and a in
Rooster, this spring ; the two hens hatched a*
17 fine chickens, more thriving ones I never
saw ; when about three or four weeks old, y,tiiey
all took the gajies and 14 died ; the 3 m
that lived, had the disease but lightly. The th
first twelve which died were thrown into tr<
the commons; when the 13th died, I picked
it up to throw out, hut I concluded I would vvi
see what could ail the wind-pipe, and took of
nut my penknife and opened the neck of the 0r
chicken,so that I could see the windpipe fr,
from one end to the other, I discovered the tli
???1 - r..n /nT iifK ir?li T ^ I
pip(? ^VtlS Jll'iirty IUU ui duiii^iuui^) muvKi j
could see; I then with the sharp point of ar
my knife, opened the pipe from end to end, ci
and with the point lifted out six small fishiucr st;
worms, all alive, which crawled about, and e\
on examining the 14th chicken there were at
were seven in its windpipe. This kind of ni
worm is among the dirt that collects, and is of
swept up, and thousands of them are to be us
found in barn and stable yards. This worm <p
is smaller than our common fishing worms, w
and appears in colour of a brownish yellow T
hue, and has a sort of dull yellow ring around m
its head?lias a bad smell, yet fish bite best hi
at this kind of worms.?All chickens kept be
from yards of dwellings, barns, and stable su
yards, out in tjie short grassy fields will
never have the gapes, because those worms is
are never there lor the hen to scratch up. ih
I hope the"farmers and all who raise chick- fit
ens and turkeys, will attend to this matter, fo
and would suggest to those of them who cr
may lvavo chickens die in the gapes to ex- ar
amine for themselves. hi
WM. W. VVAITE,Sr. be
I presume those that get over the gapes,
never have more than one or two in the m
wind pipe. i
From the Mjine Finner. \
BUTTER. (
Mr. Ilolmes:?As great improvements t
ay be made in the quality as well as (
lantity of butter from the same milk, by c
me variation from the common mode of {
annging the milk?I have therefore made c
me extracts from a valuable English 1
iblication in my possession, entitled a c
nnplete Ilistorv of Modern Agriculture, v
It. W. Dickson, M. J). c
1st lirt. Several large tea cups cxtly
similar in size and shape were filled '
regular intervals, the last being filled I
fh the dregs of the milk. From some
ws the quantity of cream obtained from
: last drawn cup, exceeded tnai irom
; first in the proportion of sixteen to ti
e. i;
Jd. Tiic difference in quality was 1
eater than the difference in quantity, r
the first cup the cream was a thin tougji ](
m, and very white, but in the last of a c
ick buteacious consistence, and of a
jwing richness of color, that no other v
nd of cream is found to possess. f
3d. The difference in the qualify of the l
ilk was perhaps still greater than either, in v
ect to tlie quantify and quality of the c
earn. In the first cup it was a thin hlu- 2
i liquid, as if a large portion of water had
en mixed with ordinary milk ? while in i
e last cup it was of a thick consistence i
id yellow color, more resembling r
earn than milk both in taste and appear- ]
ICO. j
4th. The cream which first rises is i
;her in quality and greater in quantity i
an what rises in a second equal portion
time, and the like dilierence in a third
ace of time, and so on.
5th. Thick inilk always throws np a 1
ialler proportion of the cream it actually *1
intains to the surface, than milk which is t
inner, hut the cream is of a richer quality; 1
id if water is added to that thick milk, it v<
ill afford a considerably greater quantity j
cream than it would have done if allow- j
I to remain pure; but the quality at the (
me time is greatly debased. ]
Oth. Milk which is put into a pail or 1
?y other vessel and carried in it any dis- 1
nee so as to he agitated and in pan cool- 1
I before it is put into the milk pans to set. 1
; for cream never throws up so much nor I
rich cream as if the same milk had been 1
it into the milk pans directly after it was j
ilked. |
From the above it follows i
1st. That cows should be milked as I
;ar the Dairy as possible, and in addition
its preventing the agitation and cooling
'the milk if pastures are near the Dairy,
e cows are net heated by driving.
2d. It is highly injurious to put the
ilk in large Dairies into one vessel as it is
ilL-nd'tn r?-main there until all the cows ,
o milked before it is put into milk pans, (
id for an additional reason to the agitation ,
id cooling, that it mixes the bad with the }
>od milk. (
3d. The first drawn milk should be
;pt separate from the last drawn as the (
uility of the butter will bo improved in ,
oportion to the smallness of the pro- '
>rtionofthe bust drawn iniik that is reined.
4th. If the quality is only alluded to, it ^
not only necessary to separate the first
om the last drawn milk, but also to take (
)thing but the cream that is first separated ,
am the best milk. The remainder of the .
ilk, may be either employed in making, ,
root milk cheeses, or it may be allowed to
and to throw up cream for making butter
* an inferior quality.
5th. According to the preceding, the ,
st butter could only lie made with ccono- ,
V in those dairies where the manufacture
'cheese is the principal object. In such .
lirics a small portion of the last drawn
ilk should be set apart for butter, all the
st may be made into cheese while it is
it warm from the cow and perfectly sweet,
id if only that portion of cream which ris
during the 3 or 4 hours after milking is
be reserved for butler, the rich milk
hicli is left, after the cream is separated,
iing still perfectly sweet, may be converted
to cheese with as great advantage nearly
; the newly-milked milk itself.
6th. As purchasers would not be found
anting to buy the fresh butter made in the <
anner above pointed out, at the price '
at would indemnify the farmer for his
juble in making it, these hints are thrown
) merely to satisfy the curious in what j
ay butter possessing this suj>erior degree j
'excellence may be obtained; but for the <
dinary market, the writer is satisfied, i
nm cvnerience and attentive observation, :
at if ill general about the first drawn half
"the milk be separated at each milking, i
id the remainder only set up for produ- j
nil cream, and if that milk be allowed to j
n 7
md to throw up the whole of its cream,
en till it begins sensibly to taste sourish, i
id if that cream is afterwards carefully <
anaged, the butter thus obtained will be ]
'a quality greatly superior to what can j
;ually he obtained at market, and its t
lantity not considcrally less than if the i
hole of the rnilk had been treated alike. <
bis therefore is the practice that is thought
est likely to suit the frugal farmer, as his <
lttcr, though of a superior quality, could 1
: oil* red at a price that would always in- <
ire it a rapid sale. I
From the preceding the following course I
recommended to farmers, particularly <
ose who have small dairies. Let a qtian- i
y of rnilk from the first drawing sufficient i
r family use, including the supply of s
cam, be taken from the cows on a farm, i
id set the remainder for cream to make i
liter, and the bulter from such cream will i
} of a superior quality.* i
To satisfy myself of the difference in the i
ilk in the first and last drawn from the | j
me ccv\ I had i tumbler nearly filed '.
II
.vith the first drawn milk, taking about an
*qual quantity from each teat?a second
umbler was then filled with about an equal
juantity, if any thing a little less of the last
Irawing, taking about an equal quantity
rom each teat. The result was scarcely
my cream from the first, and it could not
>e well separated from the milk?The
ream did not exceed in weight 31) grains,
aid hardly any yellow particles in the
:ream?from the last drawing, there was
13!) grains of cream, yellow and thick.
Hie milk stood in the tumblers about 10
tours. C. V.
Hollcx't!, June IT, 183G.
Ploughing in of green corps, as practised
in the ?State of New York, is so ecotomical
a mode ot enriching tiie soil, that I
iuvo often marvelled it is not practised to a <
.i ? At
iiuci) greater exrew in uiuer pmcts. .'view
me to recommend tlie spreading
it'll coat of lime previous to ploughing in.
If tiie slovenly farmer, who allows his
veeds to grow up unmolested and cover his
bids, would instead of this, plough them
uider, after a few repetitions of this, he
vould be surprized at the increased fertility
>f the soil, and save the labor of caning
nanure from a distance.
With respect to the l>est crops for turnng
under there are various opinions; rye
md clover are, perhaps, as much in use as
my other, though some plough in oats, mil.
et, turnips, &c. In dry situations this
iractice succeeds best, as by the ground renaming
exposed to wet, the crop turned
jnder would not be so likelv to rot.
A, Y, Farmer,
To fatten Fowls or Chickens in four or .
ive days.?Set rice over the lire with skimnod
milk, only as much as will serve one
Jay. Let it boil till the rice is quite sweled
out; you may add a spoonfull or two of
sugar but it will do without. Feed them
:hree times a day in common pans, giving
;hem only as much as will quite fill them at
Dtice. When you boil fresh let the pans
tie set in the water, that no sourness may
tie conveyed to the fowls, as that prevents
:hem from fattening. Give them clean
water or the milk of rice, to drink, but the
less wet the rice is when perfectly soaked
the better. By this method the 'flesh will
tiavea clear whiteness which 110 other food
jives and when it is considered how far a
pound of rice will go, and how much time
is saved by this mode, it will be found to
be cheap.?N. E. Farmer.?
THE PUBLIC LAND FRAUDS.
Extract from the Circular of Mr. Garland,
member of Congress from Virginia to his
Constituents.
The war that has been for months past
waged with tiie Seminole Indians in Florida, I
still conduues. That which has more recently
commenced with a portion of the
Creek nation is likely to be brought to a 1
more speedy termination. These wars will i
:osttbe country from five to six millions of J
Joiiars in all probability, and a loss of life
that cannot be appreciated. If the truth
shall ever be known in relation to the causes
of these wars, I hazard very little in say-1
ing that they have risen more from the opvressions
and frauds practiced with impunity
on the Indians by the citizens, of one or two
States, than from any other cause. It is the
duty of the Government to protect and defend
our citizens, he the causes of war whatever
they may, and I have voted for every
appropriation for that purpose; yet I cannot
refrain from saving that, if the tomahawk
and scalping-knife were, or could be made
ts* C.,11 nnlir lit' ft lf>SS
IU A1411 KJltiJ Ull lliu tivituu x/? M?v
speculators, their fate would not excite either
my sympathy or regret.
Within a lew days of the close of the
session, a petition from about eight hundred
residents of the States of Georgia mid Alabama
was presented to the House of Representatives.
It stated that shameful and outrageous
frauds had been practiced on the
Creek Indians, which they had no doubt had
brought 011 the war. They intimated, in
terms that could be understood, that some
of those irhohad heen engaged in practising
frauds upon the Indians had been instrumental
in exciting them to hostilities, the better
it is sspposed, to conceal their share in them.
They asked Congress to adopt some course
calculated to ascertain the frauds, and bring
to justice the perpetrators of them. A proposal
was made to refer the petition to a committee
of the House, to be invested with full
power to send for witnesses and documents,
i i I V
and, it necessary, to proceed to tne inuiuu
country, to examine ii>,o the alledged frauds,
and recommend the adoption of such measures
as might be deemed necessary to expose
the fraudulent transactions, do justice
to the Indians and punish the guilty. A
proposition so fair and reasonable was resisted
by the great body of the friends of the
Administration, and voted down by them;
tind the petition of a number of citizens, addressed
to Congress, asking that body to
provide a remedy for alleged wrongs aud
ijross frauds, was sent to the President to
make inquiries, and take such measures as
lie might deem proper to correct the evils
of which the petitioners complained.
This is but one instance, among several
others, in which the friends of the Administration,
during the late session, have resisted
or evaded inquiries by committees into
:he manner in which the public business has
been transacted. The Committee on Indian
AlFairs, at an early period of the session,
asked for authority to send for documents
and papers, and to examine witnesses,
stating it was necessary an investigation
should be made into the manner our Indian
ltfairs were administered. The authoriry
tvas given, and I have understood the committee
was diligently employed afterwards
n their examinations. They were necessarily
extensive, and required much time. |
A few days previous to the adjournment, a '
short report or statement was made to the
House by the chairman, acting, as he said ;
under the unanimous direction of the cominittee,
in which he stated, in substance, that
the committee had not been able to get thro'
the investigation with which they had been
charged; that they had ascertained enough
to satisfy them that it ought to he continued;
and .asked fur.her authority to sit during the
recess of Congress, for the purpose of proceeding
with the taking of testimony. This
committee was composed of supporters and
opponents of the Administration. They
were unanimously of opinion, as I utdjrstood,
that they ought to be permitted to
continue in session ; hut it was refused by
the casting vote of the Speaker.
Attempts were made at other periods of
the session to investigate the transactions of
other Departments of the Government. The
connection between the Treasury DepartKonlro
nntl thoirnopiit nr
U1W ULpuOiig I/Uliaof Uiivi iiivm w
agents, was the subject of one resolution.
It was proposed to examine into the administration
of the affairs of the General Land
Office, and the operations of the land system
generally ; and a gentleman from Virginia
offered various resolutions to raise committees,
to examine each Department of the j
Government, and to lay its proceedings before
the People ; but his resolutions were
not adopted.
On the 20th of June las', a resolution to
raise a committee to inquire into the alleged
combinations and connexions between
members of Congress, different officers
of the General Government, and the
deDosite banks, for the purpose of specula
I It*
ting in the public lands with the public mo.
ney, was adopted, and the commiitee appointed
; a majority of whom were decided
friends and supjiorters of the Administration.
They made some progress in theexamination
with which they were charged ;
but not being able to complete the investigation,
from the advanced period of the session,
they made a report in part, which concluded
with certain resolutions, which I
copy as they are printed by the printers to
the House.
44Mr. Hunt, from the select committee
mom nf
JippuiIUVU IU llli^unu nuviiwi w.
Congress or others had procured public moneys
of the deposite banks, for the purpose
of speculating in the public lands, under
a report accompanied by the followil%
resolutions:
"Resolved, That the select committee appointed
by this House, on the 20th of June,
1836, be increased to nine, and that said
committee have power to sit during the recess
of the House.
" Resolved, That said committee embrace
in their inquiries any connexion between
deposite bunks or others, and the land offices,
for the purpose of speculation.
" Resolved. That said committee inquire
how far, and to whom, for speculation in
public lands, the deposite banks have issued
cerritieiifes of deposite without an actual de
posite in cash, and to what extent they have
been received in payment for purchases of
public officers.
! "Resolved, That said committee inquire
how far, and to what extent, combinations in
,the purchase of the public lands have been
formed, or are forming, sufficiently strong,
from interested motives, to control to any
extent the legislative action of Congress,"
V cry grave matter is involved in "these
resolutions, certainly deserving die investigation
; and it came before us in a very imposing
manner, being the report of a committee
specially appointed. Yet die House
of Representatives refused to adopt the resolutions
and continue the: committee, I
know nothing personally of the transactions
alluded to ; but rumors and reports affirming
the facts, were in circulation here, is
which the name of a very high public func
tionary was mentioned.
I have felt it my duty to lay these circumstanues
before you, tiiatvou may draw your
own inferences from them. The impression
made on my mind is, the investigation
and examination into the manner in which
our atlairs have been and are conducted,
so far from being iuvited, as it would have
been if every thing was right and proper,
has been openiy resisted, or evaded by the
operation of parliamentary rules.
ANECDOTE OP GEOBGE IV.
The following anecdote was related to
me of his late majesty, as being well authenticated.
When he was in Ireland, two or
three years since, he told Lord Roden, a
man ofdecided Christian character, that on a
/ i
particular morning he was coming to oreaK.
fast with him. lie accordingly came, and
bringing with him two or three of the nobility,
and happened to arrive just as his
lordship had his family assembled for domestic
worship. Lord R. being told that
his guest had arrived, went to the door, and
met him with every expression of respect, N
and seated him, and the gentlemen that accompanied
hitn, in his parlor. He then
turned to the king ?nd said,44 Your Majesty
will not doubt that I tbel highly honored by
this visit; but there is a duty which I have
not yet discharged this morning, which I
owe to the King of kings?that of performing
domestic worship; and your Majesty
will be kind enough to excuse me while I
retire with my household, and attend to it."
44Certainly," replied the king, "but I am
going with you," and immediately rose and
followed him down into the hall, where his
family were assembled, and taking his station
in an old armed chair, which, I understand,
has acquired an immense value from
1 that circumstance, remained during the
family devotions. This anecdote certainly
reflects honor upon his Lordship and his
Majesty; while it exhibits in the one the
dignity of unyielding Christian principle, it
displays in the other, at least the courtesy
of a gentleman, and the natural homage
which every man feels for a consistent, re'
ligious characfer.?Svragv&'s Letters, t
i