Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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C H ERAW G?A Z E T T E. ????a m. maclean, EDITOR & PROPRIETOR. CHERAW, S. C., TUESDAY, AUGUST 30, 1830. vol. i. no. <2. # G. II. TAYLOR, PRINTER. Ful?!ished every Tuesday. T i: K .n s. 11" i?aitl witliin three months, . . . X 00 It paid withinthrec months after the close ot the year, - 3. 30 1 not paid within that time 4.00 A company of six persons taking the paper at the same Post Otlico, shall he entitled to it at Slf?, paid in advance, and a company of ten persons at >v?0 : provided the names he forwarded together, accompanied bv the money. No paper to be discontinued hut at the option of th Editor tili arrearages are paid. Advertisements inserted for To cents per square tiic lirst time, and 37 ? lor each subsequent insertion. Persons sending in advertisements are requested to specify the number of times they are to be inserted; otherwise they will be continued till ordered out. and charged accordingly. JTThe Postage must l>e paid oji all communications sent by mail. kikal i:to>onv. Experiment* of the injury to Corn caused by gathering the FudJer. From the Fanner and Gardener. Several publications in the Register have stated the increase of Indian corn, matured with the blades and tops. The common usage in thiscountrv, which I have followed O * is, to gather the blades as soon as they begin to spot, and to cut the tops immediately upon securing the blades. About tiie first of September last, I strip? the blades from several rows in one of my corn fields, leaving a row alternately undisturbed; and cut the tops about the 7th of the month, in like manner. As I designed to make a fair and satisfactory experiment, sulFored both blades and tops to lie much withered before I took them from the stalks. The last of November I gathered the corn from the stripped and unstnpped rows, when it was dry, and in good condition, and put it away in my barn in separate parcels, in the shucks, from both of which I husked out, the 6th of the present month, one hundred ears, without particular selection, and now subjoin their weight and measurement. J am sensible that this experiment will not precisely correspond witli others which may be made. The result of such experiments will be influ cnced by the quality of the soil, the goodness of the crop, the manner of planting, and the maturity of the corn at the time the blades and tops are gathered. My experiment was made from a iieJd planted four feet each way, which had an early, vigorous growth, unchecked by insects or drought and which produced mow than forty-five bushels to the acre. I made other diff.'rent trials upon the parcels I have mentioned, both by weight and measurement, which I think unnecessary to state, as they all fended to the same result; but perhaps, I ought not omit to mention, that the weight of the cobs of the unstript corn was double the weight of the stript, as it proves that substracting the blades and tops dries up that part of the plant which immediately sup. plies aliment to the grain. To this cause I also attribute the perfection of the grain to the end of thecob of the unstripped corn, whilst that on the stripped had, for the most parr, withered or perished. 100 ears of Indian corn matured with ) P .. M?.Uo trtiK?u-f>i<rht Oil cob. { S UlUUVsO UU'I IV/^? ?J J do. shelled, - - 54 do. measurement, 20 quarts, 1 pint. 100 ears of Indian corn stripped of } blades and tops?weight on cob, <j' do. shelled, - - 41 do. measurement, 21 quarts. I have long desired to abandon gathering fodder; but it is hard to depart from coinman usage, especially, if the deviation has the appearance of negligence. The month of September is usually devoted by farmer? to this work; the dews are then heavy, and highly injurious to labourers ; it is the season for intermittent fevers, which I believe arc often contracted in this employment. The month of September might bo most usefully devoted to drawing out marl and other mam ires, and preparing fallows fot wheat. When the wheat is sown and the corn gathered at full maturity, the corn stalks w ith the blades and tups, afford some nrovender and excellent litter tor cattle. tiie labour saved, and the grazing after tl hay is secured, which is worth somcthin If a lot be once well set in orchard grass at occasionally dressed with manure from ti stable, where the grass is fed it will retna in a state of undiminished production li many years?in this I feel confidence, fro my own observation. I have hut ouepit of blue muri in which have found ''gunpowder marl." Itexhibi no lime by the test of acids. There is 1 green sand?but it has many shining pa tides, and a sulphureous smell. It retail the impression of large shells, and son sharks' teeth, in a state of perfect soundnes have been found. I have supposed th the hardness of the teeth has resisted tl agents which decomposed the shells. ( this subject, Mr. Newton's essay in the R gister is highly instructive. I have lot: thought that this pit contained propertk fertilizing beyond lime. It does not by tl test of acids exhibit lime equal to anothi pit; yet it has been uniformly quicker in i action, and greater in its product. I a > .... ?_ .1. ~ } pieasea tnat specimens ui mu guupu??u< marl found in Virginia, have been sent Professor Rogers. Agriculture stands ii debted to him for much useful iuformatio I left a specimen, taken from my pit, wi our Prolessor Ducatel. If the propertit suggested by Mr. Newton, shall be found them, in addition to my own personal ben lit, I shall feel gratifted that this source improvement is common to Virginia ar Maryland. As this article contains little more than statement of facts, I have subjoined my nan in attestation of their accuracv. WILLIAM CARMICHAEL. TI>, Queen Anne Co. Md.,Jan. 27,1831 THE VISIT TO (iRAND.MOTHER'S. "It is almost sunset" said Helen IIov land, as she turned from the window whei she had been watching the beautiful cloiu that lingered 111 the western sky. "No Maria, let us go and ask papa what we mr do to-morrow?something, he said, for it dear mamma's birthday." Maria approacl ed the window. The shadows of the tro< were lengthening, and twilight was fast con o c # ing on. The soft wind just stirred tl leaves, and scattered the light blossoms < spring along the green grass that spread i self beneath the window. "Now sister, the sun has gone, and fathi said he would tell us when it was sunset said little Helen; taking her sister's hai she went in search of Mr. Ilowland. J they opened the door of his study they heai the voice of their older brother, readit aloud. They quieilv entered and waited f< him to finish the chapter he had just cor mcnced. In clear full tones he proceeds ' ' ' ' - - / l,n.. I In flic (wy U'/lCfl ulc kciyci o uj t/to iivu, shall tremble, and the strong men shall he themselves,and the. grinders cease becau they are Jew. and those that loo/; out of tl window be darkened "Father," said Edward, placing his fing upon the place where ho left off rcadin. |and lixinghis eyes with inquiring enrncs : ness upon his father's face?"Father, I nevi can understand that verse, nor the rest 1 the chapter. It says, "77/c grusshapp* shall become a burden, and desire shall fail. "Well, my son, finish reading the chapt now, and one of these days I'll explain it you. We are yet to make arrangemen for to-morrow, and George and Helen a getting impatient." "Well, lather," said George, "when yc tell brother Edward about the grusshopj* I want to hear, for they are such little thing ; I don't see how they they can be a burden 1 any body." : It is needless to describe the happiness | the children as they listened to the anting ments for the celebration of their mothei , birth-day. The plan was to start early the morning for P , and remain a wei *1. -?I?nil rri-'iniliiintlu>r \nthinfri'nn le 'darkened.1 Solomon next says, 4nor the w g. clouds return after the rain.1 Do you not tc id remember the heavy shower last week? w ie j You watched till it was over; because you V in ; expected to ride. At last it all cleared away A! ar j pleasantly. Hut when the carriage was at d< m I the door, the clouds caine back, and it rain- n< I ed again. So with old people like grand- sr I mama ; as soon as they are free from pain, c< iis another comes on. Thev cannot expect to ol io ! be free from trial and suffering so long as hi r- | they live* and their sorrows and pains arc1 w is j like4 a continual dropping on a very rainy fo ic I day.'" d< ;s, | 44 How plain you make it seem, father," pi at j said Edward. 11 u; j 44 Yes, papa," said little Ilellen, 44 you th )n I haven't told brother George about the grass- oi e- i lioj)er yet." ei ig ' "All iu clue time, my daughter. Solo- G s,! mon next draws his illustration from the pi ic J situation of a besieged city. J think, tr ^r Edward, that you cannot have forgotten the n< ts ! interesting account of the destruction of hi m 1 Jerusalem. It was at the time that Titus g er was emperor, that the Romans detenuincd fr to on its conquest. They rejected all his oilers hi a- of peace,entered the city,forced all the houses, st n. destroyed all the provisions in a most horrible ei th manner put the wretched inhabitants to a cruel o! s, death. Famine raged in the city, and was fol- w in lowed by a most destructive pestilence. Then hi e. indeed did the keepers of the house tremble, til of for thev were exposed to ruin, and the strong sj id ' men bowed themselves, for they were weak n< j and powerless. The grinders?in which ei a j corn was prepared for the sustenance of the w ic I people, ceased, for the blight of heaven had ti I come upon their whitening fields. And those g j that looked out of the window, felt that the Ic 3. i hand of the destroying angel was there, and I flimr cnirife wnri> rljirL-nnod. The doOVS j lliVlt U A A ikO ff VA v V?V?| (kvt.wv.. ? I were shut in their streets. Wearisome a Vm! nights were appointed to them, and when it w r(, | was morning they arose at tiic voice of tiie a js . bird. Music had longceased among them, hi vv ! and the voice of gladness was no more st iy j heard in their streets. A horrid massacre ui js j closed the scene, and upwards of one mil- bl jN j lion, four hundred thousand Jews perished, w ,s j Do you not see the force of the illustration ? pi Thus with aged people. All resources have w ^ 1 1 *! 1 ^ r? Kr* /l/jfrvlnhi C?1 iq ! laueu mem, auu uicv uru ui mc u^aumn/ .? p i situation of a besieged city."?S.S. Visitor, ol | ? ai JOHN RANDOLPH. W er The following is from a late number of 4W 5} j to > 1 the Richmond Compiler, where it appears ^ ?d j us a testimony of Benjamin Watkins j Ls Leigh, on the Randolph Will case : I'd j Questioned whether Mr. Randolph was P. ?g ! subject to deep depressions. Ans. Some- . times he was even volatile?he was cheeri f**" a- j ful in his conversation very often, indeed, .l d. j generally when I was with him?but then ! again I have seen him much depressed. .: w [ Questioned whether Mr. II. was a suspifc ! cious man. Ans. Ho was, but his suspi cious were not generally groundless.? ,u He occasionally overshot the mark as all n< | such men sometimes do; but he was a very " g, i sagacious man, and had great confidence ?t-1 in iiis own sagacity. Questioned. Would -1 ??r he not content himself in such cases with ir of! very little evidence? Ans. Not a little, c cr I as he would state ; for he had a remarka- ^ *' : ble faculty for making a strong case out j er ; of scanty materials. Questioned. Had he ^ )rw iw.t > tr? tnl'l' 111! SfVfin<T I 1"-'t l* I'lwpiwn. .v, ~ n J... | its i judiccs ? Ans. He did take them up.? re i Question. Was he not subject to strong a! antipathies? Ans. Yes?there were some C] >u | persons of whom lie aUvays expressed dis- ^ :r, i like, without regard to 'party. With otitis, j ers he was displeased and pleased again. PJ to ) ?He was always a jicculiar man, and s. j more so late in life than before. Witof!ness supposed no man ever saw Mr. II. 01 e. j and conversed with him for fifteen min*'s I utes, without thinking him an extraordi- 11 I r S( in J nary man. Question. When did the pei4k I euliar prejudice called Anglo-mania first C\ lid | exhibit itself in Mr.'11? Ans. I believe ^ is the partiality which has been so called \ tb commenced with his birth. lie possessed ed I more anecdotes about England and En- JV in ! glishmen, than any man I ever know,? sc j lie was thoroughly acquainted with the c' in | genealogy of the English gentry and of .. ig | Englisli race horses. Question. Did he c j not carry this feeling to extremes during j1.1 ?n | the war?did you ever hear him speak of . re | the action of the Essex? Ans. Ho always 11 Is : spoke of our naval victories with e.xulta- u ss J tion?and often said that England had (J' 11. j now met her match on the ore ui, as it 0 - - .... , ii 2d , was her own Anglo-Saxon blood she bad " i 'A 1 ;e, to contend with. Do not recollect hear- * j ing him speak of the action of the Essex: ; but he spake with enthusiasm of the a- c< ?n chievcments of Decatur and Perry. Ife Fc b- i was fond of English historv, and admired U! ' ... lit i the English character. He held in high "1 i *11 ?" ; estimation the common law of England. I # # i tr ill ! its trial by juiy, viva voce testimony and m j open courts of justice?in which opinions, ? j by the way, witness agreed with him.? as ; His anecdotes of England after visiting le , that country were most interesting. He ',! m j drew an impartial picture of what he saw ; ^ d-1 it was not a flattering description; hut of j gave rather a sombre view of the state of a- j society. Witness never heard of his hab- si r- ! it of dining late, until he returned from w of : Russia, lie hated France as much as he cm th j Admired England. He hated the French tli i- i houses, and said they were not neat, which d; ii, | was with him a great fault. He said he Hi ts | had been in France and Switzerland, and ui id up and down the Rhine. His conversation er upon the objects which came under his fc he notice in his travels, was highly amusing h< )U and graphic; and his remarks evinced the 2ii j most minute attention to every thing he w n- i saw. His conversation was of a similar tf I cuaracter after his return from Russia.? ai ig j His mind often wandered at that period, tli to j Witness thought he was at times under si > Hllll IllVIl giumniiv>iin.i. ? I have made them happier. Gladness w? . in their hear s and their faces beamed \vi . joy. The sweet, silver moon had fad< , away, and the bright stars were glowing , the heavens long before they could clo their eyes to sleep. Thus is it that ; the happy hours of childhood every thii ; breathes of life and pleasure. The week quickly passed. The childn had enjoyed their visit to grandmother mo than they had anticipated. Their heai i had been a continued wellspringof happine ; and the hours had passed away like a dreai i -Father, how old is grandmother ?" nsk< . George, as they were seated in the carriaj on their return home, i "Seventy-three, my son." | "Father," said 1 Edward, "I have bc< > thinking that the chapter I read last Sa . bath evening, must mean something abo j old age. Can't you explain it to me now i "Oh, father," said George, "do wait t 4- ? i U!!l r\*\A ilton tifr% ; W'C COHH* IOUUU 1UIJ?; ujti,auu iw-u v,i^ v.< , all hear." "The chapter," said Mr. Ilowland," ; ! after they reached the foot of the hill, 1 , turned iiis head around and smiled upt ; the listening group, " The chapter is inten j ed to describe the decays and infirmities old age. It is beautifully done in figur ? tive language. Solomon has been delive \ ing a sermon. The text is, 4 Vanity . Vanities, all is vanity.' He closes it \vi ; an exhortation to young people, to rcmcn [ her their Creator in the days of their yout i and enforces his exhortation with argumen f taken from the sufferings, calamities ai I sorrows of old age. He says,4 Rememb , thy Creator' now 4 note while the. sun or tl , light, or the stars be not darkened * Yc ; remember what dear grandmother said wh< i you were looking at the moon last eve i ing." l | u O yes, papa," they said. 44 Your your ! eyes see beautiful things that are dim I j* tew farmers have such floaing capital, a* justify them in entering upon the schemes of improvement without calculating the cos! and probable result. The provender afforded by Indian corn cannot be abandoned, ' unless an equivalent be supplied. A farm divided into four or five fields, of forty acres each, and one of them annually in Indian com, will not produce fodder, even if the iand be in an approved state, beyond five hundred pounds to the acre?equal to ten tons. Four acres set in orchard grass and clover, will, if marled and manured, in two cuttings yield ten tons of hay. A gentle. *v?nn in nn -irlinnnnrr /VllintV. in wllOIT) I llQVC "" M UUJVlUllIg wooy , entire confidence, assured me that from one acre, very highly improved, he gathered six tons in one year. I estimate the enclosing, marling, manuring, and settling to grass four acres, at one hundred dollars per acre, and the land thus diverted from the usual purposes of agriculture, at twenty-five dollars per acre, amounting in the whole to five hundred dollars. The capital thus invested, is not sunk, but is safe and sound, and the interest upon this sum, together with the cos] of cutting and securing the hay, which I estimate at forty-five dollars, is the price to be paid annnally for hay, in lieu of blades and tops. A field of forty acres of Indian corn which now yields, under the old system ol gathering, forty bushels to the acre?equal to one thousand bushels, if my experiment or that of others, be not entirely fallacious, will produce an additional fifth, amounting to one thousand nine hundred and thirty-three and a third bushels; thereby producing a gain of three hundred and thirty-trrec and a third bushels?equal, at filly cents a bushel to one hundred aud sixty six dollars and two liilc in St. Petersburg. Questioned as > his opinion of the state of Mr. R's.mind hile in England after he left Russia !? fitness can only say that, according 1o lr. R's. statements, he was sick and unlt great depression of spirits; and wittjss inferred that his condition was the ime in England as here. Was convin;d from what 31 r. R. told him, that many ['the statements in the newspapers as to is conduct in Russia and in England, ere fabrications, although they had some mndations in truth. He was much secluid in London, and only went out on ihlic occasions, to satisfy his curiosty. le went to the public breakfast given 011 ift opening of the new London Bridge, ['which he gave witness a minute account, intimtMnrr rw -remm! ilo^rri rU mn? fit Knrl I I ?/A UVIKp - UVWV l|/VIV**w " ? rcy and other distinguished individual resent on the occasion. In this narra. ve he expressed opinions which it would >t be supposed John Randolph would avc entertained. lie compared with reat acumen the impressions derived om close examination with those he ad formerly entertained, of those perms?correcting his opinions by experiace and observation. I le was in tavor f Karl Grey's policy, and was a well isher to the cause of English reform : at he formed on that occasion a low esmate of Karl 11 rev's capacity. He also >oke of Mr. O'Connell, and assured witess that lie was no! a mere slang-whangO O r; but a man of great ability. On the hole, witness thought Mr. It. was at that >.><k I.lli/II'IIHF nnillll" llolll'llMM fltllt ll(> fi?]( IIIV IUIM7I Ul^ illlUVI MViaiKiii } UIIV* ?IW av?? rent anxiety when Mr. II. left Richmond st it should end in insanity. Colds.?A cold is usually produced by sudden check of the sensible perspiration; e say sensible, because there is at all times perspiration l'roin the surface of the hodv. it not in a degree to be obvious to the mses. It is when the system has beer uusually excited, so as to produce sensie perspiration, that any circumstance hich suddenly represses this, is likely tc rnv*M n mi ism of chill. The manner in hich the action is thrown from the external irfaccs, is unknown to us; but there seems jviously to be sucli a transfer of action, id with it a change in its nature; that which as healthy while without, being morbid lieu thrown inward. The susceptibility chill under the excitement of perspiration ?j>ends very much on the general force ol ie system, and the manner in which the inspiration has been induced. Ifby exerse carried so far as to impair the strength, e liability is very great. A long walk, lusing great fatigue?speaking for a loti? ne in a crowd, particularly under mucl Ecitcmcnt?long dancing, or even standing 1 ? ...;n I*.. !,.? o,--. a nor cruwueu ruum, ?m n-uuci tu^avo< ni very liable to cold. On tlie other hand e know that the perspiration induced by a 3t bath is not so likely to be suddenly ar:sted to the injury of the system, especial if vigorous. Most persons in good health tay face the cold air after bathing, with npunity, and to many, a sudden exposure it is a luxury. The Russian exchanges his bath at 23.1 ?g. lor a comfortable roll in the snow; >e perspiration is checked for a moment Lit the activity which has been imparted tc is circulation enables the system to react ud a fine glow again follows. Anothei ircuinstance which influences liability tc Did is the part of the body exposed, 'he feet when warm, are almost always erspiring; if then a thick boot and wooler lockings be exchanged for pumps anr Ik hose, and the wearer commences a walln a surface of the temperature of zero, 1k ill, before going far, find the air cool oboul is legs, and perhaps notice some unusua msation in liis oltactories. A third cir Limstance is the kind and degree of cold tc hieli the body is exposed when heated i damp cold is worse than a dry; for i mm ntmrtcnhnrn renrpsses the ncrsniration IV..., ..? , - , ensible v.V insensible. The night air is worsi lan that of the day, and late at night this cir jmstjince is renderedofmore importance b\ le fact tiiat then the system ia much niort reble than at any previous time. A draft o ircarries otfthc caloric mucli more rapidh lan still cold. From all these considcra. ons it will not be difficult to understam hy late hours, thin dresses, dancing in heat 1 rooms, then standing near open window* r waiting fur coaches in entries, where th< pper stratum of air is about 30 deg. whil< a under current rushes from the street a 0 deg. below freezing, may be causes o aid; or why the transition from the bal )orn to the sick chamber, however violonl 1 character, is often efleeted in a brie xicc. So closely in this changing work rc the extremes ofpleasuroand of suflenn* ?o often allied. So much for the cause: f colds. Wc find t!ic following simple hut touch ig story in a French paper, Le. Droit ach scenes arc not without parallel, i:i bus1 iriving New York. An old rjjan, his age was eighty-two, an vered to his name, and, raising himsel ith difficulty, was supported by his daught before the tribunal of his judges. T< ie question of the presiding magistrate, hi; uighter replied in a trembling voice; "Mj tber does not hear you, gentleman, pcrmi ie to answer for him." President.?Your father Ls brought be. ire us charged with begging and bems Dmcless. Daughter.?May heaven pardon those ho have told you that. Gentlemen, frorr ie day I was born my father never left me nd while I can work never shall be a bur icn to any one. A month since, I fei ck; we were without money; my fathei >se early and went out. l ie did not re. i bed side and burst into tears. I asked him ? what ailed him. He said it was a sad thing t to be old. lie had applied for a situation t: as a labourer, but his age was against him, e they refused him. 1 shall have to beg, said s he, for how can I let thee die for want of tl assistance. s I told him I was belter, and that I would t go to work the next morning. The next d 1 morning 1 was unable to move. My father x went out without speaking to mc. An hour n afterwards I was infc .;ned that the guards l? had arrested him for asking alms. Gen- ( tlemcn, if lie did so it was not for himself, but I lor me, when I was sick, too sick to work, t If you will pardon him this time, I promise a you he shall never ofiend again. The at- i fectiug manner in which the poor girl spoke " softened even the magistrates, and justice, or tl rather law, gave way to feeling, and the oc- ti togenarian was discharged. t. Cleveland Messenger. t I T? (V.,? rtn ?rtiV/?> mi Silnrprtt in /hp. A.aril I number of the Biblical Ileyertory conducted r by an association of Gentlemen in Prince- { toll) A. r (CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK.) 7 ! Lot us, however, consider the force of the t ; argument as stated above. It amounts to I I this. Christ and his apostles thought slave- ? j holding a great crime, but they abstained * i from saving so for fear of the consequences. The very statement of the argument, : in its naked form, is its refutation. These * holy men did not refrain from condemni: g t ; | sin from a regard to consequences. They ; I did not hesitate to array against the religion ; t 1 which they taught, the strongest passions of j) i men. Nor did tliev content themselves M ? # | . i with denouncing the general principles of M I evil; they coudenined its special manifesto- j I finns. Thev did not simplv forbid intern-1 ; J perate sensual indulgence, and leave it to j1 , | their hearers to decide what did or what did j< ; not come under that name. Tiiey declare^ ; 1 i that no fornicator, no adulterer, no drunk- : . ard could lie admitted into the kingdom of ' j heaven. Tiiey did not hesitate, even when < i a little band, a hundred and twenty souls, to < i place themselves in direct and irreconcilable ' [ opposition to the whole polity, civil and reli- < i gious, of the Jewish state, it will hardly ' , be maintained that slavery was. at that time, 1 i more intimately interwoven with the instim- ' 1 tions of society, than idolatry was. It enter- 5 ed into the arrangements of every family; I( i of every city and province, and of the whole 1 f Roman empire. The emperor was the < > Pontifex Maximus ; every department of the 1 . state, civil and military, was j>ervaded by ; , it. It was so united with the fabric of the t , I government that it could not be removed ' r without affecting a revolution in all its parts. : i The apostles knew this. They knew that r to denounce polytheism was to array against them the whole power of the state. Their 1 t divine Master had distinctly apprized them 1 i of the result. He told them that it would i . set the father against the son, and the son < . against the father ; the mother against the I , daughter, and the daughter against the moth- 1 i er, and that a man's enemies should be those ?' ? of his own household. He said that he 1 came not to bring peace but a sword, and i that such would be the opposition to his lol; lowers, that whosoever killed them, would i , think he did ( Jod service. Yet in view of 1 , these certain consequences the apostles did < , denounce idolatry, not merely in principle, ' but by name. The result was precisely > > what Christ had foretold. Tlhe Romans, , tolerant of every other religion, bent the : ; whole force of their wisdom and arms to ex- ' i tirpate Christianity. The scenes of blood1 shed which century after century followed the ' : introduction of the gospel, did not induce the ' ; followers of Christ to keep back or modify ? t the truth. They adhered to their declara- ' I tionthat idolatry was a heinuous crime. . And they were right. We expect similar J > conduct of our missionaries. We do not i , expect them to refrain from denouncing the ? i institutions of the heathen, as sinful, because ' , they are popular, or intimately interwoven 2, with society. The Jesuits, who adopted this ' . I plan, forfeited the confidence of ChristenII dom. without making converts of the heathen. ! jit is, therefore, perfectly evident that the au- 1 f j thors of our religion were not w ithheld b v ' ; i these considerations, from declaring slavery ] . to be unlawful. If they did abstain from 1 1 this declaration, as is admitted, it must have ' . been because they did not consider it as in j itself a crime. No other solution of their 2 conduct is consistent with their truth orfidel- ; 2 ity. t Another answer to the argument from i f scripture is given by Dr. Ciianning ' 1 and others. It is said that it proves too 1 l j much ; that it makes the bible sanction fi despotism, even the despotism of Nero. ] j Our reply to this objectiou shall be very f r brief. We have already pointed out the s fallacy of confounding slaveholding itself ' with the particular system of slavery preva- i | lent at the time of Christ, and shown that the 1 . j recognition of slaveholders as Christians, ' u-ifh the assumDtion I( llIUUpll U I wv-u?l^ill?i'.v- ...... ? 4 , that slavery is a heinous crime, gives no ' i manner of sanction to the atrocious laws I I and customs of that ago in relation to that subject. Because the apostles .admitted I the masters of slaves to the communion of ' the church, it would be a strange interfer- , 1 ? 4 ence that they would have given this testi- ] \ monv to the Christain character of the mas- i ' tev who oppressed, starved, or murdered ? liis slaves. Such a master would have i been rejected as an oppresser, or murderer, ' however, not as a slaveholder. In like f 5 manner, the declaration that government is 1 an ordinance of God, that magistrates are to be obeyed within the spere of their law. 1 ful authoriy; that resistance to them, when < ' in the exercise of that authoritv> is sinful, * j [ ' 3 * It need hardly bo remarked that the 4 command to obey magistrates, as given in * Rom. xiii. 1?3, is subject to the limitation t jives no sanction to the oppression ?l he Roman emperors, or to the petty vexaions of provincial officers. The argument irged from scripture in favour of passive ubmission, is not so exactly parallel with he argument for slavery, as Dr. Canning appose*. They agree in some points, bu; hey differ in others. The former is foun!ed upon a false interpretation of Rom. :iii. 1?3 ; it supposes that passage to ucan what it does not mean, whereas the atter is founded upon the sense which Dr. I. and other opponents of slavery, admit to >o the true sense. This must be allowed o alter tne case materially. Again, the irgument for the lawfulness of slavehold? X*?-- ? 1 ? -1 -- ?,/. ir\n ng, is nut iouuuuu uii me uiciu iijji?uv.uuii, 1 Slaves obey your masters," analogous to ho command, ' Let every soul be subject o the higher powers," but on the fact that lie apostles did not condemn slavery; that hey did not require emancipation, and that hey recognised slaveholders as Christain urethra). To make Dr. Channing's argunent of any force, it must bo shown that Jaul not only enjoined obedience to a des>otie monarch, but that he recognized \Tero as a Christain. When this is done, lien we shall admit that our argument is airly met, and that it is just as true that ho sanctioned the conduct of Nero as that ho icknowledged the lawfulness of slavery. * * * * The truth on this subject is so obvious hat it sometimes escape unconsciously from he lips of the most strenuous abolitionists. Mr. Limey says, " He would have retained lie power and authority of un emperor; ret his oppressions, his cruelties would >aw; hf'p.n suMirtssed: his Dower would I J ? - / I iave been put tbrtli lor good and not for vil."* Here every thing is conceded, fhe possession of despotic power is thus idlniited not to be a crime, even when it extends over millions of men, and subjects heir lives as well as their property and services to the will of an individual. What becomes then of the arguments and denunNations of slaveholding, which is despotism an a small scale ? Would Mr. Birney continue in the deliberate practice of a :rime worse than robbery, piracy, or murler ? When he penned the above sentiment, he must have seen that neither by the law of God nor of reason is it .necessarily sinful to sustain the relation of master over mii? fi.lt/-ku- /??wittm>e that if this unlimited /Ul (V11V ?T '.W ^ % ??* authority bo used for the good of thoao aver whom it extends and tor the glory of God, its possessor may be one of the best and most useful of men. It is the abuse of this power for base and selfish purposes which constitutes criminality, and not its simple possession. * * * * The consideration of the Old Testament economy leads us to the same conclusion on this subject. It is not denied that slavery was tolerated among the ancient people of God. Abraham had servants in his family who were u bought with his money," Lieu. xvii. 13. "Abimeleck took sheep md oxen and men servants and maid servants arjd gave them unto Abraham." Moses, finding this institution among the MnhAna /ltd iicurews tuiu an suuuuuuiw u?uvm9) uiu [lot abolish it. He enacted laws directing how slaves were to be treated, on what conditions they were to be liberated, under what circumstances they might and might not be sold ; he recognizes the distinction between slaves and hired servants, (Deut. xv. 10); he speaks of the way by which these bondmen might be procured; as by war, bv purchase, by the right of creditorship, by the sentence of a judge, by birth f but not by seizing on those who were free, an offence punished by doath.f The fact that the Mosaic institutions recognized the lawfulness of slavery is a point too plain to need proof, and is almost universally admitted. Our argument from this acknowledged fact is, that if God allowed slavery to exist, if he directed how slaves might be lawfully acquired, and how they were to be treated, it is in vain to conteud that slave holding is a sin, and yet profess reverence for the scriptures. Every one must feel that if perjury, murder, or idolatry had been thus authorized, it would bring the Mosaic institutions into conflict with the entemal principles of morals, and that our faith in the divine origin of one or the other must be given up. Dr. Channing says, of this argument also, that it proves too much. u If usages, sanctioned under the Old Testament and not forbidden under the New, are right, then our moral code will undergo a sad deterioration. Polygamy was allowed to the Israelites, was the practice of the holiest men, and was common and licensed in the age of the apostles. Bui the apostles no where condemn it, nor was the renunciation of it made an essential condition of admission into the Christian Church." To this we answer, that so far as polygamy and divorce were permitted under the old dispensation, they were lawful, and becamo so by that permission ; and they ceased to be lawful when the permission was withtnstrates ; precisely as parents are to be obeyed as parents, husbands as husbands. The command of obedience is expressed as generally, in the last two cases, as in the first. A magistrate bevond the limits of his lawful au thority (whatever that may be) has, in virtue of this text, no more claim to obedience, than i pi rent who, on the strength of the passage 4Ch Idren obey you* parents in all things," houid conunand his son to obey him as a nonarch or a pope. Quoted by Pres. Young, p. 45, of the \pdress, &c. f On the manner in which slaves were ac- J pared, compare Deut- xx. 14. xxi. 10,11, Ex. cxii. 3. Neh. v. 4,5. Gen. xiv. 14. xv. 3. tvii. 23. Num. xxxi 18,35. Deut. xxv. 44, 10. As to the manner in which they were to bo rcated, see Lev. xxv. 39?53. E*. xx. 10.