Cheraw gazette. [volume] (Cheraw, S.C.) 1835-1838, January 19, 1836, Image 1
V 4
CHER AW GAZETTE. J
M. MACLEAN, EDITOR &, PROPRIETOR. CHER A W, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1836. ' voui.Nff.io. ^
Published every Tuesday.
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ITIEDICAL.
Perspiration, Insensible and Sensible.
r? n rt I ?r _l p \T J.I li'.J
rrom ur. e-omoc, on izeann y luemui z>muiu<?/'<<
Besides performing the mechanical office
of a shield to the parts beneath, the skin is
admirably fitted, by the great supply of
blood which it receives, for its use as a secreting
and excreting organ. The whole
animal system is in a state of constant decay
and renovation; and while the stomach
and alimentary caual take in new materials,
the skin forms one of the principal outlets
or channels by which the old, altered, or
useless particles are eliminated from the
body. Every one knows that the skin perspires,
and that checked perspiration is a
powerful cause of disease and of death; but
tew have any just notion of the real extent
and influence of this exhalation, such as we
shall attempt to ex!libit it. When the body
|i is overheated by exercise in warm weather,
a copious sweat soon breaks out, which, by
carrying off the superfluous heat, produces
an agreeable feeling of coolness and refreshment.
This is the higher and more obvious
degree of the function of exhalation; but,
in the ordinary* state, the skin is constantly
giving out a large quantity of waste materials
by what is called insensible perspiration,
a process which is of great importance to
the preservation of health, and which is called
insensible, because the exhalation, being
in the form of vapor, and carried off by the
surrounding air, is invisible to the eye; but
its presence may often be made manifest even
to sight by the near approach of a dry
cool mim>r, on the surface of which it will
soon be condensed so as to become visible.
Knvn l>nnn niflflp trt P?f|.
lULUiy UUCJJjpU> 11UYU UVVH ni>vv,v w
rtrtlte accurately* the amount of exhalation
carried off through the skin ; but so many
difficulties stand in the way of obtaining
precise results, and the difference in different
constitutions and even in the same person
at different times is so great, that we
must be satisfied with*an approximation to
the truth. Sn notorious, who carefhlly
weighed liimself, liis food, and liis excretions,
in a balance, every day for thirty
years, came to the conclusion that five out
of every eight pounds of substance taken
into the system passed out of it again by
the skin, leaving only three to pass off by
the bowels, the lungs, and the kidneys. The
celebrated Lavoisier and M. Seguin afterward
entered 0:1 the same field of inquiry,
and with greater success, as they were the
first to distinguish between the cutaneous
and pulmonary exhalations. M. Seguin
shut himself up in a bag of glazed taffetas,
which was tied over his head and provided
with a hole, the edges of which were glued
to his Jips with a mixture of turpentine and
pitch, so that the pulmonary exhalation
might be thrown outwards, and the cutaneous
alone be retained in the bag.* lie first
weighed himself and the bag in a very nice
? ? tUn Knrrinninrr nf fllC eXDCrimCnt;
U4JOIJl't~, Ul U?V wvgwiuug ,
then at the end of it, when he had become
lighter in proportion to the quantity of exhalation
thrown out by breathing; and, lastly,
he weighed himself out of the bag, to ascertain
how much weight he had lost in all;
and by subtracting the loss occasioned by
the lungs, the remainder of course exhibited
the amount carried off by the skin.
He attended minutely also to the collateral
circumstances of diet, temperature, &c.;
and allowance being made for these, the resuits
at which he arrived were the following:
The largest quantity of insensible per^
spiration from the lungs and skin together
amounted to thirty-two grains per minute;
three ounces and a quarter per hour;
n ?Jo rln.. fW fkio fkn rvitn
or nve puuuuo WIIO vw^
iicous constituted two-thirds, or sixty ounces
in twenty-four hours. The smallest quantity
observed amounted to eleven grains per
minute, or one pound eleven and a halt
ounces in twenty-four hours, of which the
skin furnished about twenty ounces. The
medium or average amount was eightecr
grains a miuute, of which eleven were Iron
* the skin, making in twenty-four hours abou
thirty-three ounces. When the extent o
t surface which the skin presents is consider
p cd, these results do not seem extravagant
I But even admitting that there may be some
unperceived source of fallacy in the cxperi
ments, and that the quantity is not so grea
as is here stated, still, after making even
allowance, enough remains to demonstrate
that exhalation is a very important functior
of the skin. And although the precise a
mount of perspiration may be disputed, stil
the greater number of observers agree tha
the cutaneous exhalation is more abundan
* than the united excretions of both bowel
and kidneys :* and that, according as th
weather becomes warmer or colder, th
skin and kidneys alternate in the propoi
t tions of work which they severally perform
r most passing off by the skin in warm wea
f ther, and by the kidneys in cold, and vie
| versa. The quantity exhaled increases ai
j tcr meals, during sleep, in dry warm wcath
I or, and by friction or whatever stimulate
r the skin; and diminishes when digestion i
K impaired, and in a moist atmosphere,
fc What we have considered relates only to tin
m f h? kidneys secrete the urine
insensible perspiration. That which is cau- j
sed by yreat heat or severe exercise is evolved
in much greater quantity; and by accumulation
at the surface it becomes visible,
and forms sweat. In this way, a robust
man may lose two or three pounds weight
1 in the course of one hour's severe exertion;
I and if this be suddenly checked, the consequences
in certain states of the system arc
1 often of the most serious description.?
When the surface of the body is chilled by
cold, the blood-vessels of the skin become
contracted in their diameter, and hinder the
free entrance of the red particles of the
blood, which are therefore of necessity collected
and retained in greater quantity in the
internal organs, where the heat varies very
little. The skin consequently becomes pale,
and its papilla? contract, forming by their
erection what is called the goose's skin. In
this state it becomes less fit for its uses ;
the sense of touch can no longer nicely discriminate
the qualities of bodies, and a cut
. or bruise mav be received with compara
tively little pain. From the oppression of
two much blood, the internal organs on the
other hand, work heavily : the mental faculties
are weakened, sleepiness is induced, respiration
is oppressed, the circulation Ianguishcs,
and digestion ceases; and if the
cold be very intense, the vital functions are
at last extinguished without pain, and without
a struggle. This is a picture of the
extremes; but the same causes which in an
aggravated form occasions death produce,
CO t l
when applied in a minor degree, effects cqually
certain, although not equally marked
or speedy in their appearance.
It is probable that the composition of- the
perspiration varies both at different ages
and on different parts of the skin, as is presumable
from the peculiarity of odor which
it exhales in some situations. The armpits,
the groins, the forehead, the hands, and the
i * ? * im__ . p
iect perspire mos: reauny, m cuiiarcijuciua; ui
their receiving a proportionally larger supply
of blood. Ever)' thing tends to show
that perspiration is a direct product of a vital
process, and not a mere exudation of
watery particles through the pores of the
skin.
Taking even the lowest estimate of Lavoisier,
we find the skin endowed with the
important charge of removing from the system
about twenty ounces of waste matter
" ? ?i i
every twenty-iour nours; auu wnui
consider that the quantity not only is great,
but is sent forth in so divided a state as to
be invisible to the eye, and that the whole of
it is given out by the very minute ramiiications
of the blood-vessels of the skin, we
perceive at once why these are so very numerous
that a pin's point cannot touch any
spot without piercing them; and we see an
ample reason why checked perspiration
should prove so detrimental to health,?because
for every twenty-four hours during
which such a state continues we must either
have twenty ounces of useless matter accumulating
in the body, or have some of the
other organs of excretion grievously overtasked,
which obviously cannot happen without
disturbing their regularity and well being.
People know the fact and wonder that it
should be so, that cold applied to the skin,
or continued exposure in a cold day, often
produces a bowel complaint, a severe cold
in the chest, or inflammation of some inter'
* 1-. __
nal organ ; but were tney taugm, us uivy i
ought to be, the structure and uses of their
own bodies, they would rather wonder that
it did not always produce one of these ef.
fects.
PABENT'S D?PABTJI?NT.
Instead of any selections under this head
in the present number of our paper, we
merely recommend a little volume entitled
"Babington on Education," which every
parent ought to read, and which none can
read jvithout profit. For the American
editions (several having been published) the
Rev. Mr. Gallaudct, himself a distinguished
teacher, has written a preliminary essay, in
which he gives" the following account of the
author.
This volume, containing A Practical
View of Christian Education in its early
singes, by Thomas Babington, Esq., is one
of the best treatises on this subject, in our
language. Its author was, not long since, if
he is not still, a member of the British Parliamcnt,
and also extensively engaged in
, commercial transactions in the city of Lon?
don. His sentiments, therefore, repugnant
? as they doubtless will be to the feelings of
? those who entertain vague and low views of
j Christian tUxtli and practice, are not to be
j attributed to the narrowness of his sphere of
t observation or of duty ; to his want of exp
pansion of mind or refinement of feeling;
I his secluded habits and itrnorance of the
world; or to a contracted and illiberal csti-j
' mate of the doctrines and requisitions of the
gospel. Nor is he a mere theorist, descan|
ting on what might he best, and leaving plain,
, practical parents to smile at the uselessness
1 of his speculations. lie has himself brought
" up a very numerous family of children, to
whose education he has devoted his time
] and attention, with an assiduity and fret
quency that very few men, engaged in pub.
t lie life, and the transactions of an extensive
s business, have been able to bestow upon
e such an object. What he says, therefore,
e is to be received as coming from one whose I
.. own education, of the most liberal and ac-1
,. complished kind; whose situation in socie- j
t! ty, aiTording him the best' opportunities of
e an enlarged acquaintance with human nar
ture and the every day duties of life; and
whose personal experience in reducing his
g principles to practice, or rather of deducing
s his principles from his practice; all conspire
to give great weight to his opinions and adB
vice, among all parents who regard, as they
ought, not merely the temporal, but the
eternal, welfare of their offspring.
In the peculiarity of his religious sentiments,
Mr. Babingtun, who h of the English,
Protestant Episcopal Church, agrees,
in the main, with those expressed in the
Christian Observer, or with what may be familiar
to more of his readers in this country,
the views of Mrs. Hannah More.
The Biblical Repertory, a highly respectable
quarterly periodical, published at
Princeton, N. J., in a commendatory review
of the work, after quoting the above
says, "?and we quote a paragraph of some
length, not only because it well expresses
what we should otherwise ' wish to say ourselves,
but because Mr. Gallaudet is so favorably
known to the public on the subject -j
of education, that his recommendation can
hardly fail of effect." 1
The Reviewer concludes as follows: j
? We arc desirous, not only to recommend
this little volume to every parent and
<1 . t r? i "n _
teacher, in all the commence 01 our conviction,
that it. is well worthy cf a purchase
and a perusal?yes, of oft repeated perusal
?but also to suggest to every clerical reader,
whether, if his judgment coincide with j
ours, lie might not extensively serve the
cause of Christian education, and consequently
of the world's conversion, by re- j
commending it from the pulpit, as well as .
in private, to the people of his charge."
The work costs but from 25 to 50 cents, t
according to the binding. t
1
RURAL ECOi\O.HY.
1
From tiic Cultivator- ?
Description and Culture of the Italian Lolck, or (
Rye Grass. v'
(Translated from the German.) (
Tiie Italian Lolch (Lolium perennc itali- I
cam aristatum) yields the most abundant ]
fodder of any kind of grass that is known. 1
Its extraordinary yield has, for several years I
past, extended the culture of it, in one part 1
of Germany and Switzerland, very rapidly, 1
and also in France some agriculturists have 1
made experiments with it which were com* 1
pletcly successful. 1
If sown in October, its growth being very '
rapid, before winter sets in, it makes a thick }
sward equal to that on old grass land, and 1
the first crop of hay is double to that of a 1
common meadow. The Italian Lolch is 1
entirely different from the English Kay grass,
which latter serves only as a means of making
a sward on the land for pasturage, does .
not grow over 2 1-2 feet in height and gives ^
hut tu-n nrdinarv erons in one season, while :
the former commonly grows to a height of !
4 feet, on a soil more moist than dry, and ]
gives always (our abundant crops in one '
uaUn, tr<ynlently more.
The haulm is covered with loaves of a j
light green color. The most proper time
to sow it, is in the fall. After a crop of grain j
is taken off from the land, turn the stubble
over, harrow it, and sow the seed. And
frequently it grows large enough to cut before
cold weather, but it is advisable not to
cut it, because it will take better root if left.
Such a meadow, shows itself before winter,
thick and well overgrown, like an old one, j
and tho first year's crop was, by haying
time a full one. Sowing it in the spring, or
month of April, requires moist weather and
more seed. The plant is lasting. And at ,
the end of the seventh or eighth year, these ,
meadows arc as vigorous as they were in the
first year. If, however, light places arc to
be seen, they may. be renovated by letting
the seed get ripe, and shell out, on such pla.
ces, or they may bo sown with new seed.
A soil more moist than dry is gencarllly best '
adapted for this plant, but it has been tried j
on high lands and on the Alps, where it likewise
perfectly throve. <
After grain or potatoes (or other hoed ,
crop,) a shallow tillage is sufficient. After
clover or lucerne a deeper tillage is necessary,
but on old meadow it is advantageous (
to cultivate first a crop of potatoes or grain,
and after these being harvested in the fall, j
sow the Lolch. These meadows are treated
like other meadows; every three years they '
receive a manuring?top dressing?and
the first one is incorporated with the soil at
the time of sowing the seed. The ground
ought to be well harrowed. The seed is
sown broad cast?about 40 lbs. to the acre.
If sown in the spring, 8 to 10 lbs. more urc
necessary, and one chooses as much as pos.
siblc, a wet time to sow it. After the seed
is sown, harrowing may be dispensed with,
but the ground ought to be rolled with a
heavy roller. This operation has the double
advantage to press the seed into the ground,
and smooth the land for mowing.
H. E. GROVE.
Hoosick, Rons. Co. N. Y.,
J311. 31, 1935.
This grass has been tried in New York,
but the climate is too cold. The root dies
in winter, It would probably succeed in
either of the Carolinas.?Ed. Gaz.
How to preserve pigs in good health and in good
appetite during the period of their fattening.
Mix with their food a few gall nuts, bruized
with charcoal. We are unable to account
how this operates so beneficially on the
n.t t ?hL _r.i 1_ L..*
economy 01 me neauii ox muse uiumuis, uui
we are wishful to make it public, as we have
experienced the result to be decidedly good.
British Farmer's Magazine.
It is known to every farmer, that hogs,
when fattening in a close pen, arc liable to
lose their appetite,- become sick and die.
There arc several preventives for this evil?
as occasionaliy mixing a little sulphur with
their food,giving them charcoal, rotten wood,
or permitting them to root in a small yard
appended to the pen. Some of these precautions
arc necessary.?Cultivator.
To Correct Mustiness in Graiir.
Corn which is housed without being thoroughly
dried, or which is stored in a damp i
place, acquires a musty smell and taste,
which render it unfit for the customary uses;
but as this alteration affects only their outer
covering, and not the substance of the kernel,
it may be. easily removed by throwing I
upon the grain double its weight of boiling
water, carefully s'iring the mass till the
water becomes cold. ' The spoiled kernals,
which swim upon the top, must then be removed,
poured off and the grain spread to
iry. M. Peschicr preferred employing for
this purpose boiling water rendered slightly
tdkaline,* and afterwards washing the grain
in "pure \yater.
When corn has-been * heated, ej>jyurcd
11 a perceptible manner,'flier VugMluffinimal
portion is almost always changed ; in this
the farina is not susceptiple of a good fermentation,
and the bread made from it is un
wholesome : such grain is Jit only for the
nanufacture of starch.-?Chaptal.
Which may bo dono by adding a small quanity
of lyc.?Gaz.
< ' THE OSIER "WILLOW.
The Osier [or weeping] Willow is worthy a
place, 011 every farm, because it takes up but
ittlc ground, requires very little care, and furlishes
the best materials for baskets, which
ire indispensable to the farmer. This,
ike all the willows, is readily propagated
by cuttings. Where it has taken good root,
ts shoots, in good ground, grow from four
o eight feet in a season. These shoots
should be taken olF every winter, unless
:try large willows are wanted, and the num.
jer is thereby increased. The art of fab.
"icating baskets from them is casly acquired,
ind may be practised in evenings and stormy
lays in the winter without cost. For orlinary
baskets the osier is used with the bark
)n ; but for neat house baskets they are
jcelcd. The best way to divest them of
he bark is to cut, short and tic the osiers ]
n small bundles, say early in March/ ant]
dace the bundles in a pool of stagnant water;
md at the season the leaf buds are bursting,
he bark will readily strip off. The osiers
nay then be laid up, to be used when leisure
vill permit. A well made osier basket is
A*orth three or fotir made of splits. We
lave them which have been ia wear for
rears, and arc yet good. To give them
firmness and durability, a good rim and
ibs of oak, hickory or other substantial
ivood, are necessary.?S-'Jrc Cul.
PEACH TREES.
A correspondent of the Farmer and Gardicr
says, that having cleared his peach trees
from the worms, he took some fine screenngs
of anthracite coal, and having cleared j
lway the dirt from about the stock, put
ibout a quart or two of the screenings to
* ? .1 . .1 .i ,
jacti; ana mat, mc trees wus stavuu, >vciu,
i year afterwards, wholly free from worms.
In corroboration of the efficiency of this
remedy, wo add, we have applied the ashes,
blended as they always are with fine coal,
in like mnaner, and with like apparent
success.?Ciilti vator.
We last week made an extract from
Franklin's Works, which wc now continue.
But we precede it by the following history
by Dr. Franklin himself.
" In 1732, I first published my Almanac
under the name of Richard Saunders; it
was continued by me about twenty-five
years, and commonly called Poor Richard's
Almanac. I endeavored to make it both
entertaining and useful, and it accordingly
same to be in such demand that I reaped
considerable profit from it; vending annually
near ten thousand. And observing
that it was generally read, (scarceany neighborhood
in the province being without it,) I
considered it as a proper vehicle for convey-.
ing instruction among the common people,
who bought scarcely any other books. I
therefore fiiled all the little spaces that oc
curred between the remarkable days in the
Calendar, with proverbial sentences, chieflysuch
as inculcated industry and frugality, as
the means of procuring wealth, and thereby i
securing virtue; it being more difficult for
a man in want to act always honestly, as
(to use here one of those proverbs) "it is
hard, for an empty sack to stand upright."
These proverbs which contained the wisdom
of many 'ages and nations, I assembled and
formed into a connected discourse prefixed
to the Almanac of 1757, as the harangue
of a wise old man to the people attending
an auction: the bringing all these scattered
counsels thus into a focus, enabled them to
make greater impression. The pieco being
universally approved, was copied in all the
newspapers of the American Continent, reprinted
in Britain on a large sheet of paper
to be stuck up in houses ; two translations
were made of it in France, and great numbers
bought by the clergy and gentry to distribute
gratis among their poor parishioners
mifl In TVnn<avlvanin. as it discou
u,'? kUllUlUdi ill i vuuw... ,
ragetjrhc useless expense of foreign superfluities,
some thought it had its share of influence
in producing that growing plenty of
money which was observable for several
years after its publication.
The wise old mail's address at an auction
continued,
* Methinks I hear some of you say,
" must a man afford himself no leisure ?" I
will tell thee, my friend, what poor Richard
says; " employ thy time well, if thou meanest
to gain leisure; and since thou art not
sure of a minute, throw not away an hour."
Leisure is time for doing something useful;
this leisure the diligent man will obtain, but
the lazy man never; for "a life of leisure
and a life of laziness are two things. Many,
without labor, would Jive by their wits
only, but they break for want of stock
whereas industry gives comfort, and plenty,
and respect. " Fly pleasures, and they will
follow you. The diligent spinner lias a
large shift; and now I have a sheep and a
cow, every one bids me good-morrow."
'H. But with our industry we must likewise.be
steady, settled, and careful, and oversee
our own affairs with our own eyes, and
not trust too much to others; for, us pour
Richard says,
" I never saw nu oft-removed tree,
In or yet an oft-removed family,
That throve as well as those settled be."
And again, " three removes is as bad as a
fire;" and again "keep thv shop, and thy
shop will keep thee;" and again,"if you
would have your business done, go, if not,
send." And again,
" lie that by the plough would thrive,
Himself must either hold or drive."
And' again, " the eye of a master will do
more work than botli his hands;" and again
" want of care does us more damage
than want of knowledge; and again, "not
tn nvoreoo u-nrl.-ivinn j?s lnrivo them vnnr
?V v?w?v^v ffV?A?i?4Vtl| W ? - J
purse open." Trusti' g too much to other's
caro is the ruin of many; for, "if you
would have a faithful servant, and one that
you like, serve yourself A litdc neglect
may breed great mischief; for want of a
nnil the shoe was lost, and for want of a
shoe the horse was lost, and for want of a
horse the rider was lost," being overtaken
and slain by the enemy; all for want of ?
little care about a horse-shoe nail.
Extract from an Address by Nicholas
Biddle, LL. D., delivered before the Am:
crican Association of Nassau Hall, Sept.
30, 1833.
ill Our uouiuijr iuu nniiiy ^ uuug iiiv.ii
rush into the arena of public life without adequate
preparation. They go abroad be.
cause their home is cheerless. They till
their minds with the vulgar excitement ot'
what they call politics, for the want of more
genial stimulation within. Unable to sustain
the rivalry of more disciplined intellects,
they soon retire in disgust and mortification,
or, what is far worse, persevere after distinctions
which they can now only obtain
by artifice. They accordingly take refuge
in leagues and factions?they rejoice in
stratagems?they glory in combinations?
weapons all these, by which mediocrity revenges
itself on the uncalculating manliness
of genius, and mines its way to power.?
Their knowledge of themselves inspires a
low estimate of others. They distrust the
judgment and the intelligence of the com
munity, Oil WllOSt; jjusaiona itiuuu witjr
for advancement; and their only study is tc
watch the shifting currents of popular prejudice,
and be ready, at a moment's warning,
to follow them. For this purpose
their theory is, to have no principles, and tc
give no opinions, never to do any thing sc
marked as to be inconsistent with doing th<
direct reverse, and never to say any thin^
not capable of contradictory explanations,
They are thus disencumbered for the race
and, as the ancient mathematician couk
have moved the world if he had had a place
to stand on, they aro surp of success i
they had only room to turn. Accordingly
they worship cunning, which is only the
counterfeit of wisdom, and deem themselves
sagacious only ^because they arc selfish.
i'liey Delievc tliat an generous sentiments 01
love of country, for which they fuel nc
sympathy in their own breasts, are hollow
pretences in others; tiiat public life is o
game in which success depends on dextcrity;
and that all government is a mere struggle
for place. They thus disarm anibitior
of its only fascination, the desire of authority,
in order to benefit the country, since
they do not se^v places to obtain power, but
power to obtain places. Sucli persons ma)
rise to great official stations, for high offices
are like the tops of the pyramids, which
reptiles can reach as well as eagles. Bui
though they may gain places,- they nevei
can gain honors?they may ba politicians
?they never can be statesmen.
The Smithsonian Legacy.
In U. S. Senate, Jan. 5, 1836.
Mr. Leigh made the following Report
The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom
was referred the message of the Presi.
dent of the 17th December last, transmitting
to Congress a Report of the Sec.
retary of State, accompanying copies ol
certain papers relating to a bequest to the
United States by Mr. James Smithson, o
London, for the purpose of founding, ai
Washington, an establishment undor the
name of u The Smithsonian Institution
for the increase and diffusion of know,
ledge among men," respectfully report:
That it appears that Mr. James Smith,
son, late of London, deceased, by his* las
will and testament, bequeathed the whole o
his property to his bankers, Messrs. Drum
monds, of Charing Crose, London, in trust
to be disposed of in manner therein providcc
* ^ A ^ J . Kin rtn 1 /1
cinii airucicu j <1UU uusircu Ills oatu b.wtu'
tors to put his property under the management
of the Court of Chancery; and -then,
(alter bequeathing an annuity of ?100 sterling
to John Fitall for life,) he bequeathed
and provided as follows: " To Ilenry James
Hungerford, my nephew, I give and bequeath,
for his life, the whole of the income
arising from my property, of every nature
and kind whatever, after payment of the
above annuity, and, after the death of John
Fitall, that annuity likewise; the payments
to be made to him at the time interest or dividends
become due on the stocks or othei
property from which the income arises.?
Should the said Henry James Hungerford
have a child or children, legitimate or illegitimate,
I leave to such child or children, his
or their heirs, executors, and assigns, the
whole of my property of every kind, abso.
lutely and forever, to be divided between
them, if more than one, in the manner tlicii
father shall judge proj>cr; and in case oi
his omitting to decide this; as tho L?rd
Chancellor shall judge proper, ShomJ my j|J
said nephew, Henry James Hungerford,
marry, I empower him to make a jointure. j
In case of the death of my said nephew with- 3
out leaving a child or children or of the
death of the child or children he may have
had, under the age of twenty one years, or -m
intestate, I then bequeath the whole of my
property (subject to the annuity of ? 100 to
John Fitall, and for the security and payment
of which I mean stock, to remain in .
this country) to the United States of Ameri- IS
ca, to found at Washington, under the name
of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment
for the increase and diffusion (f knowledge
among men"
it further appears, from a lettor of Messrs.
PlnrL-n. Fvnmnrn. and FladffatO, solicitors,
to Mr. Vail, charge d'affaires of the United
States at London, dated the 21st July last,
communicated by Mr. Voiltotho Secretary
of State, that, pursuant to the instructions .
contained in Mr. Smithson's will, an amicable
suit was, on the death of that testator,'
brought in the court of chancery of England,
by the legatee, Mr. Ilungerford, against
tne Messrs* Drummonds, the executors,
in which suit the assets were realized;
that these were very considerable; that
there is now standing in the name of the
accountant general of the court of ebancery,
011 the trusts of the will, stock amounting
in value to ?100,000 ; that Mr. Ilungerford,
during his life, had .received the income
arising from this property; but that news
had reached England that Mr. Hungsrford
had died abroad, leaving no child surviving
him; so that the event has happened on
which the executory bequest of this large
n'Anw!" wn? mn/l* hv the testator, Mr.
j/WJ .V.,J v- - ,
Smithson, to the United States, to found, at
Washington, under tlie name of "The
Smithsoniau Institution/' an establishment
for the increase and diffusion of knowdedgo
among men. Messrs. Clarke, Fvnmore,
undFladgatc also inform Mr. Vail that it
has now become necessary that measures
should be taken for the purpose of getting
the decision of the court of chanceiy as to
the farther disposition of the property; that
, it is not clearly defined in Mr. Smithson's
will to whom, on behalf of the United States,
the property sho 'Id be paid or transferred;
. and indeed there is so much doubt, that they
i apprehend the attorney general on behalf
j of tho crown of England must be joined in
tho proceedings which it may be requisite
. the United States should institute; that they
, act, in this matter, for Messrs. Drummoflds,
. the bankers, who aro mere stake-holders,
. and are ready to do all in their power to fkf
cilitate getting the decision of the court of
> chancery, and carrying the testator's inleoj
tions into effect; and that they will be hap.
* py to communicate with such professional
, advisers as the Government of the United
' States should think fit to appoint to act for
them in England. And, having thus stated
j the nature of the business,- they add, that
. they abstain from making any suggestion as
[ to the party in whose name proceedings
should be adopted, considering # that .the
t point should be determined' by counsel in
i Engltnd, after the opinion of the proper law
officers in the United States shall have been
p taken on the subject.
, In a letter of Mr. Vail to the Secretary of
f State, of the 28th July last, communicating
L a copy of Mr. Smith son's will, and the letter
, of Messrs. Clarke, Fynmorc, and Fladgato
, to him, he says that that letter, and the in.
j quiries lie has made, leave no doubt of the
, will of Mr. Smithson having been establish.
. ed, and its dispositions recognized by the
* nf Rnfflnnrl that. ac.
? ^UUI I V* J V* ) ?7 ??
r cording to tho view taken of tho case by
} tho solicitors, the United States, in the event
( of their accepting the legacy, and the trust
t coupled with it, should come forward, by
r their representative, and make themselves
, parties to on amicable suit before the Lord
Chancellor of England, for tho purpose of
legally establishing the fact of the demise
: of Mr. Ilungerford, the legatee for life, without
cliildren and intestate, proving their
claim to the benefit of the will, and obtaining
a decree in chancery awarding to them
, the proceeds of the estate; that Messrs.
( Clarke, Fynmore, and Fladgate are willing
to undertake the management of the suit,
thn nnrt nf th#? TTnitnd States: and that.
. I? - ? ,
from what he has learnt of "their standing;
j- they may safely be confided in. And Mr.
, Vail suggests, upon the advice of those gen.
| tlemeu, a method of proceeding to assert
t the claim of the United States to the legacy,
, without further delay, in case it should be
- thought unnecessary to await the action of
' Congress to authorize the institution of the
requisite legal proceedings.
The Secretary of State submitted the lettor
of Mr. Vail, and the papers therewith
p communicated, to the President, who deter
mined to lay the subject before Congress at
its next session; and of this determination
J the Secretary of State apprized Mr. Vail, in
a letter of the 26th September last.
The President,* in his message of the 17th
, December,- transmits to Congress * all the
, correspondence and information relating to
[ tire subject, as the same had been reported
; to him by the Secretary of State; and adds,
, that " the Executive having no authority to
. take any steps for accepting the trust, and
, obtaining the funds, the papers arc commu(
nicated with a view to such measures as
! Congress shall deem neeessary."
; The committee concur in'the opinion of
- the- President, that it belongs to the Legisla
ture to devise and prescribe the measures,
if any, proper to be adopted on this occaI
sion, and to provido for such expenses as
. may be incurred in the prooMutioa ofthem.
i Judging from the letters of Mr. Vail to
: the Secretary of State, and of Messrs.
. Clarke, Fynmore, and Fladgate to Mr. Vail,
i as well as from the information which the
committee themselves Jiavo bqpn able to
f gather as to tlie course of adjudication of
[ the ccort of diaircry of Eaghtfd id aucSi
/