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V 4 CHER AW GAZETTE. J M. MACLEAN, EDITOR &, PROPRIETOR. CHER A W, S. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1836. ' voui.Nff.io. ^ Published every Tuesday. TERMS. If paid withi" threo months, - - 3. 00 It paid witliinthre? months ailcr the close ot the year, - - ------ 3. 50 If not paid within that time, 1. 00 A company of six persons taking the paper a the same Post Office, shall be entitled to it at St 15 paid in advance, and a company of ten p?rson.at $20. No paper to bo discontinued but at the optior of the Editor till arrearages arc paid. Advertisements inserted for 75 cents per square the first time, and 37 J for each subsequent insertion. Deductions made to those who advertise by the year, aud to merchants. QJ The Postage must bo paid on all comrnu..r.ications sent by mail. ITIEDICAL. Perspiration, Insensible and Sensible. r? n rt I ?r _l p \T J.I li'.J rrom ur. e-omoc, on izeann y luemui z>muiu<?/'<< Besides performing the mechanical office of a shield to the parts beneath, the skin is admirably fitted, by the great supply of blood which it receives, for its use as a secreting and excreting organ. The whole animal system is in a state of constant decay and renovation; and while the stomach and alimentary caual take in new materials, the skin forms one of the principal outlets or channels by which the old, altered, or useless particles are eliminated from the body. Every one knows that the skin perspires, and that checked perspiration is a powerful cause of disease and of death; but tew have any just notion of the real extent and influence of this exhalation, such as we shall attempt to ex!libit it. When the body |i is overheated by exercise in warm weather, a copious sweat soon breaks out, which, by carrying off the superfluous heat, produces an agreeable feeling of coolness and refreshment. This is the higher and more obvious degree of the function of exhalation; but, in the ordinary* state, the skin is constantly giving out a large quantity of waste materials by what is called insensible perspiration, a process which is of great importance to the preservation of health, and which is called insensible, because the exhalation, being in the form of vapor, and carried off by the surrounding air, is invisible to the eye; but its presence may often be made manifest even to sight by the near approach of a dry cool mim>r, on the surface of which it will soon be condensed so as to become visible. Knvn l>nnn niflflp trt P?f|. lULUiy UUCJJjpU> 11UYU UVVH ni>vv,v w rtrtlte accurately* the amount of exhalation carried off through the skin ; but so many difficulties stand in the way of obtaining precise results, and the difference in different constitutions and even in the same person at different times is so great, that we must be satisfied with*an approximation to the truth. Sn notorious, who carefhlly weighed liimself, liis food, and liis excretions, in a balance, every day for thirty years, came to the conclusion that five out of every eight pounds of substance taken into the system passed out of it again by the skin, leaving only three to pass off by the bowels, the lungs, and the kidneys. The celebrated Lavoisier and M. Seguin afterward entered 0:1 the same field of inquiry, and with greater success, as they were the first to distinguish between the cutaneous and pulmonary exhalations. M. Seguin shut himself up in a bag of glazed taffetas, which was tied over his head and provided with a hole, the edges of which were glued to his Jips with a mixture of turpentine and pitch, so that the pulmonary exhalation might be thrown outwards, and the cutaneous alone be retained in the bag.* lie first weighed himself and the bag in a very nice ? ? tUn Knrrinninrr nf fllC eXDCrimCnt; U4JOIJl't~, Ul U?V wvgwiuug , then at the end of it, when he had become lighter in proportion to the quantity of exhalation thrown out by breathing; and, lastly, he weighed himself out of the bag, to ascertain how much weight he had lost in all; and by subtracting the loss occasioned by the lungs, the remainder of course exhibited the amount carried off by the skin. He attended minutely also to the collateral circumstances of diet, temperature, &c.; and allowance being made for these, the resuits at which he arrived were the following: The largest quantity of insensible per^ spiration from the lungs and skin together amounted to thirty-two grains per minute; three ounces and a quarter per hour; n ?Jo rln.. fW fkio fkn rvitn or nve puuuuo WIIO vw^ iicous constituted two-thirds, or sixty ounces in twenty-four hours. The smallest quantity observed amounted to eleven grains per minute, or one pound eleven and a halt ounces in twenty-four hours, of which the skin furnished about twenty ounces. The medium or average amount was eightecr grains a miuute, of which eleven were Iron * the skin, making in twenty-four hours abou thirty-three ounces. When the extent o t surface which the skin presents is consider p cd, these results do not seem extravagant I But even admitting that there may be some unperceived source of fallacy in the cxperi ments, and that the quantity is not so grea as is here stated, still, after making even allowance, enough remains to demonstrate that exhalation is a very important functior of the skin. And although the precise a mount of perspiration may be disputed, stil the greater number of observers agree tha the cutaneous exhalation is more abundan * than the united excretions of both bowel and kidneys :* and that, according as th weather becomes warmer or colder, th skin and kidneys alternate in the propoi t tions of work which they severally perform r most passing off by the skin in warm wea f ther, and by the kidneys in cold, and vie | versa. The quantity exhaled increases ai j tcr meals, during sleep, in dry warm wcath I or, and by friction or whatever stimulate r the skin; and diminishes when digestion i K impaired, and in a moist atmosphere, fc What we have considered relates only to tin m f h? kidneys secrete the urine insensible perspiration. That which is cau- j sed by yreat heat or severe exercise is evolved in much greater quantity; and by accumulation at the surface it becomes visible, and forms sweat. In this way, a robust man may lose two or three pounds weight 1 in the course of one hour's severe exertion; I and if this be suddenly checked, the consequences in certain states of the system arc 1 often of the most serious description.? When the surface of the body is chilled by cold, the blood-vessels of the skin become contracted in their diameter, and hinder the free entrance of the red particles of the blood, which are therefore of necessity collected and retained in greater quantity in the internal organs, where the heat varies very little. The skin consequently becomes pale, and its papilla? contract, forming by their erection what is called the goose's skin. In this state it becomes less fit for its uses ; the sense of touch can no longer nicely discriminate the qualities of bodies, and a cut . or bruise mav be received with compara tively little pain. From the oppression of two much blood, the internal organs on the other hand, work heavily : the mental faculties are weakened, sleepiness is induced, respiration is oppressed, the circulation Ianguishcs, and digestion ceases; and if the cold be very intense, the vital functions are at last extinguished without pain, and without a struggle. This is a picture of the extremes; but the same causes which in an aggravated form occasions death produce, CO t l when applied in a minor degree, effects cqually certain, although not equally marked or speedy in their appearance. It is probable that the composition of- the perspiration varies both at different ages and on different parts of the skin, as is presumable from the peculiarity of odor which it exhales in some situations. The armpits, the groins, the forehead, the hands, and the i * ? * im__ . p iect perspire mos: reauny, m cuiiarcijuciua; ui their receiving a proportionally larger supply of blood. Ever)' thing tends to show that perspiration is a direct product of a vital process, and not a mere exudation of watery particles through the pores of the skin. Taking even the lowest estimate of Lavoisier, we find the skin endowed with the important charge of removing from the system about twenty ounces of waste matter " ? ?i i every twenty-iour nours; auu wnui consider that the quantity not only is great, but is sent forth in so divided a state as to be invisible to the eye, and that the whole of it is given out by the very minute ramiiications of the blood-vessels of the skin, we perceive at once why these are so very numerous that a pin's point cannot touch any spot without piercing them; and we see an ample reason why checked perspiration should prove so detrimental to health,?because for every twenty-four hours during which such a state continues we must either have twenty ounces of useless matter accumulating in the body, or have some of the other organs of excretion grievously overtasked, which obviously cannot happen without disturbing their regularity and well being. People know the fact and wonder that it should be so, that cold applied to the skin, or continued exposure in a cold day, often produces a bowel complaint, a severe cold in the chest, or inflammation of some inter' * 1-. __ nal organ ; but were tney taugm, us uivy i ought to be, the structure and uses of their own bodies, they would rather wonder that it did not always produce one of these ef. fects. PABENT'S D?PABTJI?NT. Instead of any selections under this head in the present number of our paper, we merely recommend a little volume entitled "Babington on Education," which every parent ought to read, and which none can read jvithout profit. For the American editions (several having been published) the Rev. Mr. Gallaudct, himself a distinguished teacher, has written a preliminary essay, in which he gives" the following account of the author. This volume, containing A Practical View of Christian Education in its early singes, by Thomas Babington, Esq., is one of the best treatises on this subject, in our language. Its author was, not long since, if he is not still, a member of the British Parliamcnt, and also extensively engaged in , commercial transactions in the city of Lon? don. His sentiments, therefore, repugnant ? as they doubtless will be to the feelings of ? those who entertain vague and low views of j Christian tUxtli and practice, are not to be j attributed to the narrowness of his sphere of t observation or of duty ; to his want of exp pansion of mind or refinement of feeling; I his secluded habits and itrnorance of the world; or to a contracted and illiberal csti-j ' mate of the doctrines and requisitions of the gospel. Nor is he a mere theorist, descan| ting on what might he best, and leaving plain, , practical parents to smile at the uselessness 1 of his speculations. lie has himself brought " up a very numerous family of children, to whose education he has devoted his time ] and attention, with an assiduity and fret quency that very few men, engaged in pub. t lie life, and the transactions of an extensive s business, have been able to bestow upon e such an object. What he says, therefore, e is to be received as coming from one whose I .. own education, of the most liberal and ac-1 ,. complished kind; whose situation in socie- j t! ty, aiTording him the best' opportunities of e an enlarged acquaintance with human nar ture and the every day duties of life; and whose personal experience in reducing his g principles to practice, or rather of deducing s his principles from his practice; all conspire to give great weight to his opinions and adB vice, among all parents who regard, as they ought, not merely the temporal, but the eternal, welfare of their offspring. In the peculiarity of his religious sentiments, Mr. Babingtun, who h of the English, Protestant Episcopal Church, agrees, in the main, with those expressed in the Christian Observer, or with what may be familiar to more of his readers in this country, the views of Mrs. Hannah More. The Biblical Repertory, a highly respectable quarterly periodical, published at Princeton, N. J., in a commendatory review of the work, after quoting the above says, "?and we quote a paragraph of some length, not only because it well expresses what we should otherwise ' wish to say ourselves, but because Mr. Gallaudet is so favorably known to the public on the subject -j of education, that his recommendation can hardly fail of effect." 1 The Reviewer concludes as follows: j ? We arc desirous, not only to recommend this little volume to every parent and <1 . t r? i "n _ teacher, in all the commence 01 our conviction, that it. is well worthy cf a purchase and a perusal?yes, of oft repeated perusal ?but also to suggest to every clerical reader, whether, if his judgment coincide with j ours, lie might not extensively serve the cause of Christian education, and consequently of the world's conversion, by re- j commending it from the pulpit, as well as . in private, to the people of his charge." The work costs but from 25 to 50 cents, t according to the binding. t 1 RURAL ECOi\O.HY. 1 From tiic Cultivator- ? Description and Culture of the Italian Lolck, or ( Rye Grass. v' (Translated from the German.) ( Tiie Italian Lolch (Lolium perennc itali- I cam aristatum) yields the most abundant ] fodder of any kind of grass that is known. 1 Its extraordinary yield has, for several years I past, extended the culture of it, in one part 1 of Germany and Switzerland, very rapidly, 1 and also in France some agriculturists have 1 made experiments with it which were com* 1 pletcly successful. 1 If sown in October, its growth being very ' rapid, before winter sets in, it makes a thick } sward equal to that on old grass land, and 1 the first crop of hay is double to that of a 1 common meadow. The Italian Lolch is 1 entirely different from the English Kay grass, which latter serves only as a means of making a sward on the land for pasturage, does . not grow over 2 1-2 feet in height and gives ^ hut tu-n nrdinarv erons in one season, while : the former commonly grows to a height of ! 4 feet, on a soil more moist than dry, and ] gives always (our abundant crops in one ' uaUn, tr<ynlently more. The haulm is covered with loaves of a j light green color. The most proper time to sow it, is in the fall. After a crop of grain j is taken off from the land, turn the stubble over, harrow it, and sow the seed. And frequently it grows large enough to cut before cold weather, but it is advisable not to cut it, because it will take better root if left. Such a meadow, shows itself before winter, thick and well overgrown, like an old one, j and tho first year's crop was, by haying time a full one. Sowing it in the spring, or month of April, requires moist weather and more seed. The plant is lasting. And at , the end of the seventh or eighth year, these , meadows arc as vigorous as they were in the first year. If, however, light places arc to be seen, they may. be renovated by letting the seed get ripe, and shell out, on such pla. ces, or they may bo sown with new seed. A soil more moist than dry is gencarllly best ' adapted for this plant, but it has been tried j on high lands and on the Alps, where it likewise perfectly throve. < After grain or potatoes (or other hoed , crop,) a shallow tillage is sufficient. After clover or lucerne a deeper tillage is necessary, but on old meadow it is advantageous ( to cultivate first a crop of potatoes or grain, and after these being harvested in the fall, j sow the Lolch. These meadows are treated like other meadows; every three years they ' receive a manuring?top dressing?and the first one is incorporated with the soil at the time of sowing the seed. The ground ought to be well harrowed. The seed is sown broad cast?about 40 lbs. to the acre. If sown in the spring, 8 to 10 lbs. more urc necessary, and one chooses as much as pos. siblc, a wet time to sow it. After the seed is sown, harrowing may be dispensed with, but the ground ought to be rolled with a heavy roller. This operation has the double advantage to press the seed into the ground, and smooth the land for mowing. H. E. GROVE. Hoosick, Rons. Co. N. Y., J311. 31, 1935. This grass has been tried in New York, but the climate is too cold. The root dies in winter, It would probably succeed in either of the Carolinas.?Ed. Gaz. How to preserve pigs in good health and in good appetite during the period of their fattening. Mix with their food a few gall nuts, bruized with charcoal. We are unable to account how this operates so beneficially on the n.t t ?hL _r.i 1_ L..* economy 01 me neauii ox muse uiumuis, uui we are wishful to make it public, as we have experienced the result to be decidedly good. British Farmer's Magazine. It is known to every farmer, that hogs, when fattening in a close pen, arc liable to lose their appetite,- become sick and die. There arc several preventives for this evil? as occasionaliy mixing a little sulphur with their food,giving them charcoal, rotten wood, or permitting them to root in a small yard appended to the pen. Some of these precautions arc necessary.?Cultivator. To Correct Mustiness in Graiir. Corn which is housed without being thoroughly dried, or which is stored in a damp i place, acquires a musty smell and taste, which render it unfit for the customary uses; but as this alteration affects only their outer covering, and not the substance of the kernel, it may be. easily removed by throwing I upon the grain double its weight of boiling water, carefully s'iring the mass till the water becomes cold. ' The spoiled kernals, which swim upon the top, must then be removed, poured off and the grain spread to iry. M. Peschicr preferred employing for this purpose boiling water rendered slightly tdkaline,* and afterwards washing the grain in "pure \yater. When corn has-been * heated, ej>jyurcd 11 a perceptible manner,'flier VugMluffinimal portion is almost always changed ; in this the farina is not susceptiple of a good fermentation, and the bread made from it is un wholesome : such grain is Jit only for the nanufacture of starch.-?Chaptal. Which may bo dono by adding a small quanity of lyc.?Gaz. < ' THE OSIER "WILLOW. The Osier [or weeping] Willow is worthy a place, 011 every farm, because it takes up but ittlc ground, requires very little care, and furlishes the best materials for baskets, which ire indispensable to the farmer. This, ike all the willows, is readily propagated by cuttings. Where it has taken good root, ts shoots, in good ground, grow from four o eight feet in a season. These shoots should be taken olF every winter, unless :try large willows are wanted, and the num. jer is thereby increased. The art of fab. "icating baskets from them is casly acquired, ind may be practised in evenings and stormy lays in the winter without cost. For orlinary baskets the osier is used with the bark )n ; but for neat house baskets they are jcelcd. The best way to divest them of he bark is to cut, short and tic the osiers ] n small bundles, say early in March/ ant] dace the bundles in a pool of stagnant water; md at the season the leaf buds are bursting, he bark will readily strip off. The osiers nay then be laid up, to be used when leisure vill permit. A well made osier basket is A*orth three or fotir made of splits. We lave them which have been ia wear for rears, and arc yet good. To give them firmness and durability, a good rim and ibs of oak, hickory or other substantial ivood, are necessary.?S-'Jrc Cul. PEACH TREES. A correspondent of the Farmer and Gardicr says, that having cleared his peach trees from the worms, he took some fine screenngs of anthracite coal, and having cleared j lway the dirt from about the stock, put ibout a quart or two of the screenings to * ? .1 . .1 .i , jacti; ana mat, mc trees wus stavuu, >vciu, i year afterwards, wholly free from worms. In corroboration of the efficiency of this remedy, wo add, we have applied the ashes, blended as they always are with fine coal, in like mnaner, and with like apparent success.?Ciilti vator. We last week made an extract from Franklin's Works, which wc now continue. But we precede it by the following history by Dr. Franklin himself. " In 1732, I first published my Almanac under the name of Richard Saunders; it was continued by me about twenty-five years, and commonly called Poor Richard's Almanac. I endeavored to make it both entertaining and useful, and it accordingly same to be in such demand that I reaped considerable profit from it; vending annually near ten thousand. And observing that it was generally read, (scarceany neighborhood in the province being without it,) I considered it as a proper vehicle for convey-. ing instruction among the common people, who bought scarcely any other books. I therefore fiiled all the little spaces that oc curred between the remarkable days in the Calendar, with proverbial sentences, chieflysuch as inculcated industry and frugality, as the means of procuring wealth, and thereby i securing virtue; it being more difficult for a man in want to act always honestly, as (to use here one of those proverbs) "it is hard, for an empty sack to stand upright." These proverbs which contained the wisdom of many 'ages and nations, I assembled and formed into a connected discourse prefixed to the Almanac of 1757, as the harangue of a wise old man to the people attending an auction: the bringing all these scattered counsels thus into a focus, enabled them to make greater impression. The pieco being universally approved, was copied in all the newspapers of the American Continent, reprinted in Britain on a large sheet of paper to be stuck up in houses ; two translations were made of it in France, and great numbers bought by the clergy and gentry to distribute gratis among their poor parishioners mifl In TVnn<avlvanin. as it discou u,'? kUllUlUdi ill i vuuw... , ragetjrhc useless expense of foreign superfluities, some thought it had its share of influence in producing that growing plenty of money which was observable for several years after its publication. The wise old mail's address at an auction continued, * Methinks I hear some of you say, " must a man afford himself no leisure ?" I will tell thee, my friend, what poor Richard says; " employ thy time well, if thou meanest to gain leisure; and since thou art not sure of a minute, throw not away an hour." Leisure is time for doing something useful; this leisure the diligent man will obtain, but the lazy man never; for "a life of leisure and a life of laziness are two things. Many, without labor, would Jive by their wits only, but they break for want of stock whereas industry gives comfort, and plenty, and respect. " Fly pleasures, and they will follow you. The diligent spinner lias a large shift; and now I have a sheep and a cow, every one bids me good-morrow." 'H. But with our industry we must likewise.be steady, settled, and careful, and oversee our own affairs with our own eyes, and not trust too much to others; for, us pour Richard says, " I never saw nu oft-removed tree, In or yet an oft-removed family, That throve as well as those settled be." And again, " three removes is as bad as a fire;" and again "keep thv shop, and thy shop will keep thee;" and again,"if you would have your business done, go, if not, send." And again, " lie that by the plough would thrive, Himself must either hold or drive." And' again, " the eye of a master will do more work than botli his hands;" and again " want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge; and again, "not tn nvoreoo u-nrl.-ivinn j?s lnrivo them vnnr ?V v?w?v^v ffV?A?i?4Vtl| W ? - J purse open." Trusti' g too much to other's caro is the ruin of many; for, "if you would have a faithful servant, and one that you like, serve yourself A litdc neglect may breed great mischief; for want of a nnil the shoe was lost, and for want of a shoe the horse was lost, and for want of a horse the rider was lost," being overtaken and slain by the enemy; all for want of ? little care about a horse-shoe nail. Extract from an Address by Nicholas Biddle, LL. D., delivered before the Am: crican Association of Nassau Hall, Sept. 30, 1833. ill Our uouiuijr iuu nniiiy ^ uuug iiiv.ii rush into the arena of public life without adequate preparation. They go abroad be. cause their home is cheerless. They till their minds with the vulgar excitement ot' what they call politics, for the want of more genial stimulation within. Unable to sustain the rivalry of more disciplined intellects, they soon retire in disgust and mortification, or, what is far worse, persevere after distinctions which they can now only obtain by artifice. They accordingly take refuge in leagues and factions?they rejoice in stratagems?they glory in combinations? weapons all these, by which mediocrity revenges itself on the uncalculating manliness of genius, and mines its way to power.? Their knowledge of themselves inspires a low estimate of others. They distrust the judgment and the intelligence of the com munity, Oil WllOSt; jjusaiona itiuuu witjr for advancement; and their only study is tc watch the shifting currents of popular prejudice, and be ready, at a moment's warning, to follow them. For this purpose their theory is, to have no principles, and tc give no opinions, never to do any thing sc marked as to be inconsistent with doing th< direct reverse, and never to say any thin^ not capable of contradictory explanations, They are thus disencumbered for the race and, as the ancient mathematician couk have moved the world if he had had a place to stand on, they aro surp of success i they had only room to turn. Accordingly they worship cunning, which is only the counterfeit of wisdom, and deem themselves sagacious only ^because they arc selfish. i'liey Delievc tliat an generous sentiments 01 love of country, for which they fuel nc sympathy in their own breasts, are hollow pretences in others; tiiat public life is o game in which success depends on dextcrity; and that all government is a mere struggle for place. They thus disarm anibitior of its only fascination, the desire of authority, in order to benefit the country, since they do not se^v places to obtain power, but power to obtain places. Sucli persons ma) rise to great official stations, for high offices are like the tops of the pyramids, which reptiles can reach as well as eagles. Bui though they may gain places,- they nevei can gain honors?they may ba politicians ?they never can be statesmen. The Smithsonian Legacy. In U. S. Senate, Jan. 5, 1836. Mr. Leigh made the following Report The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the message of the Presi. dent of the 17th December last, transmitting to Congress a Report of the Sec. retary of State, accompanying copies ol certain papers relating to a bequest to the United States by Mr. James Smithson, o London, for the purpose of founding, ai Washington, an establishment undor the name of u The Smithsonian Institution for the increase and diffusion of know, ledge among men," respectfully report: That it appears that Mr. James Smith, son, late of London, deceased, by his* las will and testament, bequeathed the whole o his property to his bankers, Messrs. Drum monds, of Charing Crose, London, in trust to be disposed of in manner therein providcc * ^ A ^ J . Kin rtn 1 /1 cinii airucicu j <1UU uusircu Ills oatu b.wtu' tors to put his property under the management of the Court of Chancery; and -then, (alter bequeathing an annuity of ?100 sterling to John Fitall for life,) he bequeathed and provided as follows: " To Ilenry James Hungerford, my nephew, I give and bequeath, for his life, the whole of the income arising from my property, of every nature and kind whatever, after payment of the above annuity, and, after the death of John Fitall, that annuity likewise; the payments to be made to him at the time interest or dividends become due on the stocks or othei property from which the income arises.? Should the said Henry James Hungerford have a child or children, legitimate or illegitimate, I leave to such child or children, his or their heirs, executors, and assigns, the whole of my property of every kind, abso. lutely and forever, to be divided between them, if more than one, in the manner tlicii father shall judge proj>cr; and in case oi his omitting to decide this; as tho L?rd Chancellor shall judge proper, ShomJ my j|J said nephew, Henry James Hungerford, marry, I empower him to make a jointure. j In case of the death of my said nephew with- 3 out leaving a child or children or of the death of the child or children he may have had, under the age of twenty one years, or -m intestate, I then bequeath the whole of my property (subject to the annuity of ? 100 to John Fitall, and for the security and payment of which I mean stock, to remain in . this country) to the United States of Ameri- IS ca, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion (f knowledge among men" it further appears, from a lettor of Messrs. PlnrL-n. Fvnmnrn. and FladffatO, solicitors, to Mr. Vail, charge d'affaires of the United States at London, dated the 21st July last, communicated by Mr. Voiltotho Secretary of State, that, pursuant to the instructions . contained in Mr. Smithson's will, an amicable suit was, on the death of that testator,' brought in the court of chancery of England, by the legatee, Mr. Ilungerford, against tne Messrs* Drummonds, the executors, in which suit the assets were realized; that these were very considerable; that there is now standing in the name of the accountant general of the court of ebancery, 011 the trusts of the will, stock amounting in value to ?100,000 ; that Mr. Ilungerford, during his life, had .received the income arising from this property; but that news had reached England that Mr. Hungsrford had died abroad, leaving no child surviving him; so that the event has happened on which the executory bequest of this large n'Anw!" wn? mn/l* hv the testator, Mr. j/WJ .V.,J v- - , Smithson, to the United States, to found, at Washington, under tlie name of "The Smithsoniau Institution/' an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowdedgo among men. Messrs. Clarke, Fvnmore, undFladgatc also inform Mr. Vail that it has now become necessary that measures should be taken for the purpose of getting the decision of the court of chanceiy as to the farther disposition of the property; that , it is not clearly defined in Mr. Smithson's will to whom, on behalf of the United States, the property sho 'Id be paid or transferred; . and indeed there is so much doubt, that they i apprehend the attorney general on behalf j of tho crown of England must be joined in tho proceedings which it may be requisite . the United States should institute; that they , act, in this matter, for Messrs. Drummoflds, . the bankers, who aro mere stake-holders, . and are ready to do all in their power to fkf cilitate getting the decision of the court of > chancery, and carrying the testator's inleoj tions into effect; and that they will be hap. * py to communicate with such professional , advisers as the Government of the United ' States should think fit to appoint to act for them in England. And, having thus stated j the nature of the business,- they add, that . they abstain from making any suggestion as [ to the party in whose name proceedings should be adopted, considering # that .the t point should be determined' by counsel in i Engltnd, after the opinion of the proper law officers in the United States shall have been p taken on the subject. , In a letter of Mr. Vail to the Secretary of f State, of the 28th July last, communicating L a copy of Mr. Smith son's will, and the letter , of Messrs. Clarke, Fynmorc, and Fladgato , to him, he says that that letter, and the in. j quiries lie has made, leave no doubt of the , will of Mr. Smithson having been establish. . ed, and its dispositions recognized by the * nf Rnfflnnrl that. ac. ? ^UUI I V* J V* ) ?7 ?? r cording to tho view taken of tho case by } tho solicitors, the United States, in the event ( of their accepting the legacy, and the trust t coupled with it, should come forward, by r their representative, and make themselves , parties to on amicable suit before the Lord Chancellor of England, for tho purpose of legally establishing the fact of the demise : of Mr. Ilungerford, the legatee for life, without cliildren and intestate, proving their claim to the benefit of the will, and obtaining a decree in chancery awarding to them , the proceeds of the estate; that Messrs. ( Clarke, Fynmore, and Fladgate are willing to undertake the management of the suit, thn nnrt nf th#? TTnitnd States: and that. . I? - ? , from what he has learnt of "their standing; j- they may safely be confided in. And Mr. , Vail suggests, upon the advice of those gen. | tlemeu, a method of proceeding to assert t the claim of the United States to the legacy, , without further delay, in case it should be - thought unnecessary to await the action of ' Congress to authorize the institution of the requisite legal proceedings. The Secretary of State submitted the lettor of Mr. Vail, and the papers therewith p communicated, to the President, who deter mined to lay the subject before Congress at its next session; and of this determination J the Secretary of State apprized Mr. Vail, in a letter of the 26th September last. The President,* in his message of the 17th , December,- transmits to Congress * all the , correspondence and information relating to [ tire subject, as the same had been reported ; to him by the Secretary of State; and adds, , that " the Executive having no authority to . take any steps for accepting the trust, and , obtaining the funds, the papers arc commu( nicated with a view to such measures as ! Congress shall deem neeessary." ; The committee concur in'the opinion of - the- President, that it belongs to the Legisla ture to devise and prescribe the measures, if any, proper to be adopted on this occaI sion, and to provido for such expenses as . may be incurred in the prooMutioa ofthem. i Judging from the letters of Mr. Vail to : the Secretary of State, and of Messrs. . Clarke, Fynmore, and Fladgate to Mr. Vail, i as well as from the information which the committee themselves Jiavo bqpn able to f gather as to tlie course of adjudication of [ the ccort of diaircry of Eaghtfd id aucSi /