Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BV O. W. S.MS, STATK WINTER. # OABOUMA, KOVBMBBB W? VOMI? XV._KlMB? ?*, PUULItHKO KVKIIV KltlOAY MUIIM U TERMI?Thrf Dollars ptr annum, payable in mirantt, or Pot r Dollar;, payaUt al Ihttuil u Iht year. S.DrEnTlS! .UC.VT5 i itrlni aflhr u*??/'?>? AGlUCfTI/rUIIAL.. Report of the Com m litre a ftfnih.tr./ Aw /A *' Fairfield ^grkuh ttrol' mid firohomI eat Svclrty," to exit mine th* ** Uevertrtt GeUI Mill," or \f'< 'rtitf ht't utnl reftorl tfirlr ofilitlon ofu? utility The Committee, to whom it tvan referred to examine the " Reversed Crist Mill," and report to thiaKociety their opinion t.f its utility, are enabled to state, mm well from their own experience, a* from the informa tion thev havo obtained from credible mmit 'om, that it in in their opinion, one of the most useful invention!*, connoted withag* ricnlture ordomestic economy, wliicii has Immjii made in modern tinea IT it appear* that tho ?? Kevented Mill" will Ailly an awertho purpose# fur which it wasdcMigu ed, it cannot Ik? consi-lered necessary to enumerate the advantages which would re tail! to a Planter from the use ol' one, on lit.*: own plantation. It may be observed, how ever, that the timo,consumed in grinding lor a plantation <?f ordinary exu nt, would not much exceed the time required (or jjo ingtoand returniug from mill; avcragihg the distances to which those who dep-u-l tin water mill* are obliged to wild. The toll in saved, and more tluii the loll might bo waved by grinding up fool for stock, which, with such a nidi, w?>nld be practi cal)' and convenient; and the pi inter in eecured against all tho disappointment* which result IVom drought on the one Iimii-1 and heavy tains on the other; the former rendering useless a large proportion of Uw? eoiumon water mills, and tho latter mriroor lew injuring or sweeping them away.? These are obvious reaaona why every plan ter should have such a mill, uiilesM he own ed or wan convenient to a water mill, which oould at all times lie depended on Indeed if they could come into Much general use, oh to diminish the vast number of mill ponds which now cover ho much of the country, and are such fruitful K4?urccM of disease aiiti death, the indefatigable steal and perseve ranee of the present proprietors would have conferred a (dessiug on their countrymen utmost incalculable. Tho Committee will endeavor to M?u>, without being very particular, the various way* in which the " ltovcr*cd Mill," mat be UHcd advantageously, and point out some of the peculiarities of itM eoiiMtruction. va rying from the common grist mill and Irom which, seems to result in whole or in purt, itM great superiority in grinding corn. It may l?c run with a baud like ,,0,, fin, and putoed near it, up IMUU" band wheel i? UMd fv" K"1, "J1 th?iaill^?r i?- notn atationary, and the one to the other at nlea Most ui the mills which have Well Jold have been fixed in Hum way, having been purchaaad by such a* owned gin hou ?tea and the easiest and quicke*t method of tunning thorn, adopted- With a Utile ad ditional e*pcn*?? W?y n??r attached to the running worV* of a gm house, by dou ble gear and ph/? ?n ? "eparate from that in which c<?tton ia ginned, a better olan thanth''nn,H'r'? ,M,t * better plan . : (,r Clan man or: i i to huiV* ,,ou"' ???! ninmnf gear tho mil) n<*' "ho, latter ban been done bv no *',c and Komi> other*, JjJii'jr have coiiMitlere I theinNelve* v. ry re|Kiid for their expense. Thi* mill may beadvantageou*ly geared to a tub whetd, and with a hiiijII but con Htant*tream of water, which would In* en tirely inmifflcient for a mill of the common aixe and contraction, be made to *rin I ai much and an goo:1 meal, a* the common 1 mill* grind with a gtMid head of water.? I Kor a tub wheel it would bo uecc.sMary to] liavoa|M>n/|, and thia, in oak and hickory , lands especially, would Ih>olijectionalde on account of their iiiihealthine**. Hut to' auch as have |iond?i for the common trrmf' mill, which are liable to fail in vciy dry tteasona, or which do not at all time* afford Mjfflkient water to ?*arry with rapidity the large stone*, the reamed mill is particu larlv recommended. In many iiiHtaiiees, where the stream bad suftinont f.dl, no; pond wouhl l>e necessary, a* a mi Hi ient power would be bad, l?y conducting tliel water <ait of the creek or branch, and I throwing it on an overshot wheel, to turn { u mill runningaoeasily, an I very little wa j ter would Ik> required. The <5ommittee have pai I nnrticul.tr ?l-! tention to one of the rrvrmd ?</'/?, %vlii< h 1 Im* been-lately attached to Mr Aikin'x gtist mill, near Winnshorough. '!*!??? wheel i* mi | orcnhul, the mill in constructed ??n tin* | common plan and 11??? stream is on? wliicli I in a groat degree, fail* in a dry season.? I During the Utedrotigh' it cmlil Ik> run hut | n few hour* in tin* ?l?iy. an I then very slow . J The *mall mill in geare I to it in ?M' li a way ' s?* not to interfere with t'.??? I try.- one mi I j they may Ih? run t<??{"i!i"r. or ? tli?*r *epa vately. With the sani" wit r. I*?t? tnill running al>?ne, ii 11 < -1 a li.ili neck of| meal in two minutes an 11 r'v -????'??? Is,while i the reverird null, riintiin^ al u ? tilled die. name mcMure in one minute, nr groun I at the rat? of eight l<W*hfN |>?-r hour. Ily i<i creasing the quantity ol wut-r, it was made to grind at th?' rat" of ten hu*hrl?mi hour, and notwithstanding from tin* deheieiey <>f| the water, the lartfe mill was r.hli?e.| f|.t ?topped a part of the day, th? nutall one could he run thr<> ighont the whole day.? j Thin expertm"nt alone is sufficient to prove j 1>eyond a douht, th" grc.-t nn I decide I *u- j perioritV which the f-v nr<l mill (cmwiwi'ii over fmt mill* of the common construction.' ' , Tlie atone* of the *unll tnili, just alluded to. were aeventeiMi inch -* in diameter.? ' Tney Are made from nine and a half to. twenty two inrhc* For horse power, a I bout from ten to twelve, and for water |k?w et, from fourteen to ni\teen inches, is tin- I aine moat approved. The grinding doe* not depend on the aiv.e of the Miotic*. hilt j on th? power applied: and with utonea of twelve When, which U perhapa a gno I ?!/.'?! for anv power, one hone will grind one I and a naif, two horee* three, and four hor ?ee nix hu*hcl* of good meal |?er hour, or neetly double that quantity of grit* TIiih a planter owning WW negroes, could gntal with four mules, in h'litUe better than zero horn*, their week'saU iwanceof meal, or a |N>ck for oaci;, and ir. let" than ono hour and a half jnw, ftK-.l fur teh inulen or homos sufiickii* r?.ra week. T!icr Committee will now endeavor to point out Koiue of tin advantage*, which the rri'rrml m//t socnw to posses* over the common grist mill, resulting from its pecu liar construction. 1st. The rcwrwrf ??/// i? made to grind by pressure, tho under or running atone be ing easily raised, by turning a screw tap to any required continuity to the upper; k.? that stone* of three inches thicknoss may be mado to grind as well a* those of any greater thieunes* The coimuon mill is made to grind by tho weight of tlie upticr Mtone; hence the original tvwt in greater, tlicy arc more inconvenient to move on ur cou'nt of their weight, and sisinur worn out un they arc abandoned no soon as they be coine too light. 'J. Tho only part of the grinding surface lost M? the /we r* d mil , isu-qmce of aliout an inch and a half at the centre of the .stone, which is required to admit Ihegntin. The grinding is consequently dono near th? centre, and pro|tortionahly less lurce required to turn the mill. trout ten to I eighteen inches of the grinding surface, in tbo common mill, next tli? centre, are lost by the i/t and A ? loner rti?, and tho grind I lug is done near tho outer edpe of the stone; of course the force required i* proporltoua I hi v gr.-;?t. r. This appear* to be one reason why the stones may lie tv.i le as small on t iie plan of tin* ????vrw/ *?#// and its pow er of gnu !iux not diminished. It. The / .;? &ndA'/*A of tho llcvrric</ -tit are placed Indow the stone, and con sequently no grit call possibly get in or about them, an ! the hush can lie tightened and oiied ut au> time, without tho trouble of stopping the mill or moving any part of it. The ro//<??? and /<??/< of tho common mill an> fixed in the tied stone ; they are constantly obstructed and worn by the grit, anil cannot t>o wedged or greased without the trouble of removing the runner or upper stone. 4. The h-.ru that divides the runner of tho A'/ rrrreri mitt in fixed on the under side; it is permanent and need not be moved un til tbo stone wears out. Ill the common mill the tfrtvir and twiunrc r>in are of ne cessity to be sunk as the stone wears away. ?V Then? is a great saving of Uhour in tin- ease with which the stoucs of the Ht ? r>'r</ nn// tail be sharpened. They ftrc oa-ily removed bv one hand, and the sur fac. is s<> small, that it can be finished in a vers short time; and this is not required to be done oftener than iu tho common mill. I 6. \ *'V superiority in the c.m I , .-won of tin* Nii-.it r/ mil/, iiviT the common mill, in thought ton-suit from the ' cetltriftigal motion, which tho grain re ceiveHffoni tlio rapid rotation ol' tlie under | stone. The grain in IhtiH forced from tlio centre, the moment it falls on (lit* runner, m l the nirul immediately thrown out by the same motion. Hence the mill cannot Ik? clogged, however fast it may lie fej,? The (Train in subject to thr name' motion in the common mill, hut, comparatively, inn very slight degree, ax the stone noon which it falls in .stationary. Filially, the Ht rrrMrtl mitt, although ca pable ol grinding as much as the hint of tho common |*ri!it mills. in altogether so Hinull, a.* to take U|i no morn room than a cotton {'in ; tin* frame is made compact and strong, and no simple, that it cannot well Jfet out of order: and if it r-hould, it could Ik* easily repaired by any rough carpenter. The upper stone ih firmly fixed in the frame, and the runner is trained with |ht f'-ct oxnetnea*, by wedging l>ctwoen it and till' horn an ! thindtr, ami is tightened on tho n/iin t(c with the u!;nost lirumcM. If the peculiarities in tho construction of the !<r ?rrneil milt, ahtve enumerated as ad vantages, should, in part, or in whole, lie condemned by the scientific millwright, still the committee, having witnessed the execution which fto small a mill could l?e made to do, are satisfied that no mill Of the common construction and made on a smell wale, can lie mad' to equal, or sit all come in competition with it. The theory in im uiatcrial, since the experiment has been fully tried. Col. Mcl'reight & Son, who in A H/T, purchased the exclunive rigi make and sell the Hrvrrherf mitt in thiM Stat'*, west of the Pee Dee lliver, have sine*- that time hud one or more inconstant use, and have made, as they state, and sold to the number of filiy-ftve, all of which, so far as they have beard, have fulfilled the expectations of those who purchas<-d them, w it b one or two exceptions ; nud those ex ceptions resulted from some defect iu the inacbin -ry to. which they were attacbe<l, an I not in the mill itself. To this the coininitteare enabled to add their own testimony, having all had them in use long enough to test their excellence, nud having tried tliein with horse and wa ter power ; and lliey conlldi ntly recoiu (Mi ii I them to all, a* not only decidedly su jx-rior to mill* of the common constitu tion, hut exactly calculated toMipjdy tbr Wall s oi all, who would pr- fer griii'lin^ tin ir own m al. I" the trouble o| sending It to a dis ta.'ire and having it reduced by the toll. The in t has b'l'U also used hv t!i" oi ?;>: e-tors for hulling rieo, nud they statotliat from thirl> to forty hudiels an | hour riay be hulled cleaner and without hroakmg the grain more, than with the I rice mills of the low country. This mill !?? -rt i'?nly m'piiis to b" ;? huirablv constmct j e I for the pvrth .??. The surou cs o| the stom < are ea*dv brought to the distance jre piir.- l ; thi* autUnce is preserved, from 'the centre to the outer edge, with perfect exactness j and the grain U thrown out with great rapidity. The proprietor* have also exhibit" I a | specimen ol beautiful wheat thatr, which tin v ha I ground ftith one of them; mills, I an t in coin|mri*oti withtlour ??f the same I pan-el of ? heal by a common mill, it is not at all interior. UK il A HOT. NOTT, HA MU Kb JUIINHTON. SAMI'Kli(i.HAKKIjKY, -Com'/ OAVIO AIKKN, WILMAM BRATTON. It 15M AV?*. ' POWICA -Cim** tA iVik vmuHi v bXV \ HO - Tlia debate lino been pr.meciiU-d with unlUffdnj? fpirit. OnMr. Campbell, of Rvooke, addressed the Com miUoo of the Whole, in nnp:Mition to Mr. Greet)'* nniendm-nt, unit in behalf of the White Hani*. A* Kix>ti ?s he had ohm- d, Mr. Scott, of Fauquier, introduced a liew feature into the debate, by a proposition l<> amend Mr. (Jrwn'H amendment, ho uj huI?- j alautially !?? *hil\ the compound Hwisiij the floiiAU of Delegate*, and In mould tin* j Senate alone on the white populatum ex-1 clusively. Thin new proposition wa* | itcarccly touched in l!ie rourxe of the Kith-; sequent debate; hut in (lie hihsccIion wbirh; went respectively deliveo"! by Mes?r*. ! Scott and Nay lor, of Ncw-tiamjudore, the1 discussion Mill went on upon the broad, question of IbMirvM'iitation ; without kj?4?- J cial r-'ftard to tlie b.isi*'in either branch of' the Legislature ; Mr. Scott advocating tlie ! compound basis, and Mr Naylor taking j tlin other Hide of the miestioii. On llonrf iy, the llchaUi.was resumed : aller 501110 parliamentary evolution*, and; |>r:?cutilig itself in the same shape, ws it iad done on Saturday?when Mr. Harbour, of Colp<*p|>er, advocated in general the foui|KHind basis; and Mr. fiordon, of Al bennrlj, the basis of white population.? j The question wa* then taken, and Mr.I Scott'K miu-ndment wan l?m?. Most of the j advocates of the compound has;* voting for' it, and iw'r< vr??o?but a f? w on each sideJ voting in a different manner front their roqioctivc friends. Thus, a few of the opponent* of the white I asia voted against the proposition uponth. ground, it was said that they were tqqioHed to any compromise 1 which yielded up evon the Senate to that' basis. 'There wan a division ol the Com mittee, and the votes wt re counted?hut it in not the custom to take the ayes and noes in thoComtniUee. W* observe Mourn. Madison and Marshall voted among the ayes, and Mr. Monroe among the noes. The question then recurred on the adop tion of Mr. (JreeiiVamendment?audit was in thin stage of the huMiieiW, that a now and rather unexpected incident occurred. Mr. Monroe .inuw to address the Chair, and ' ex plain the course which he hail chalked out 1 for himself. A profound Ntlence iinmedia'a!y ' reigned through the gallery and lohhy, and j many of the member* ol the Convention: gradually gathered around the breaker, lie j addressed the Coimnitlcu f ,r some time, lie dwelt upon the net cssili ofconcdifttion- ami , finally concluded, w ith recommending a*a< compromise hetween the contending par-; tie*, the yielding ol the popular branch of the House of DelegtUcM, to the claim* of j the >V?-m mid the atnate to those ol the' Kant. ?V? leave hi* address, however, to apeak for itself. We present it in an au thentic shape ; and it will he read with ? attention. lettering, a* we certainly do, : from Home ol Us poxitions, and specially on the adoption ol the Compound uasisatj all, wo cannot forbear to do justice to the { generous and conciliatory feeling* which dictated his interposition. Wo know not how far Iun example will be followed by hi* venerable colleagues -but it *01111* to Ih* uuderxt?Mvl that Messrs. Madi*ou and Marshall will, in like manner, nddrcss t)ic Committee. Wo cannot dime thoso hasty remark.:, without ro-cchoing one of the sentiment* expressed hy Mr. (Tiles, in tho fow remarks which ho undressed to tho Chair, iinm'xli- j ately after Mr. Mouroe had taken his weal, lie remarked ii|ion the good and liberal o|*irit. which had hitherto marked tins din- 1 cuss ion. We confcss we have been w> lar j most agreeably disup|H>iutcd?and instead of the asperity and recrimiftutiou, which wero expected to embitter the Debate, it! certainly ban been characti-rixcd hy an! unusual portion of cvurtcay and forbear ance?more especially if we cons; lor the I gr.-at interests that were supposed (o he at! stake. We trust with Mr. (iiles, that thin j spirit may continuo toattond the discussion to its conclusion -and that whilst truth j may ho asserted, and tho principles of our 1 government fully vindicated, we may not j coaaoto recollect, that we arc all Virgin { ians, in heart and in sentiment. Tho f'Trgcinff remark a wero in type for 1 Tuesday's paper, but were crowded out by J tho Delates in tho Convention. Since' lliey were written, tho discus*ion has pro ceeded with great animation, and with no very remarkable variation of tent|H'r. The lemon has been a little more squeezed, Hilda few drops of acid infused into the debate. Mr. Leigh, of Chester field, has delivered a long an animated siieech. lie occupied tho floor from 11 o'clock on Tues day till after '2?and yesterday from II till about half after 1 o'clock. Mr. Mercer.nl Loudoun, followed on the other side, and in favor of the White llasix ? hut ha I not fairly broken into hi< subject, before the Committee rose s.t his request, lie will, of course, be in continuation to-dnv. The sceno was artain touched ?j/| I v lh/? ?earanee of Mr. Monroe upon theth?- ure inclusion. He was yesterday called up twice by the frank hut respectful commeii tarics, which Mr. Lei (i made on his speech of Muinhy. The f?M point r? lated to the emancipation and rem. \ .tI of ?.'av? ? the scroti I grew out if some remarks w hie. Mr. Monroe had made on the French l( volution, and hisown course relative to tie ('(invention in ISIO. On both the*" occa siotis, Mr. Monroe c\plain ?? I himself w itli great distinctness and j?r nuptitu I", oase of speech and conciliation < >f mnuio i. There was one point only ?'?* hi.di he did not touch as explicitly M have wished, vi/.. w hi ther under tho F. .i r.iM institution, ? if now thiwU, the ( oiigress "f the United States have any |K>wei at all to contribute funds to tho emancipation or removal nt slaves, with or without the invitation of the Slave-holding States. For our own parts we have no doubts upon the subject ; that no such power had bc-u given, either as nn end eras a mean* The explanations that passed in the Con vention on the** points, will appear in the rapid sketch we have given of yesterday'a proceedings. We beg leave to adopt them as a part of this statement.?We under* stand that several orator* are yet to take the floor, In the Debate ; ana rvfmi or h'>v i it may terminate, we cannot unilnrtsk" ?o ! state The question will scarcely be t?k< n before the commencement of next week. apnea of disc NoTMMDnn 7. Pntgr,* o f ' iht Convention. ? It it two weeks since the Debate was opened on the Hasis of Uenrteentation. It is not eioMd, and no dofinitivo question hu yet been 11 ken, either in the Hotim of Delegates or the Semite. We cannot yet pretend to forosoo the duration or the issue of the Dis (Mirution. We nusnoct Unit there is inniijr m orraW to be drawn from the quiver, More the Convention comes to the quee : Rut li-i tlio question be taken when ? ! may, we torlerkund that the voto will !<?! very both writ relate* to the ll.m*'?of iJcl^utrsand a* to the Senate. 'I I e JDebaie f.>r the two lust days ha* Ijoou si* tciii|mrutu and courteous an could be desired by Hie most fastidious stickler of Parliamentary decorum. On Thursday, (Mr. Ktnnsrd in the Chair,) Mr. Mercer ? lo*e<l hi* argument in favor of the White Hasis?speaking in all during t V two davs, from H to U lie was followed liy Mr. Joynes of Accomae, in opposition to ?he white hn?.ia?and presenting a great th-al of statistics and calculaUcm. The pr.K i edin^H of the day were enlivened by a little tpiiMxtn. A remark ot Mr. Mercer, i,h to tho author oi Hie 04th No. of the Federalist, upon tho 3-6ths tasis in the Federal Constitution, called up Mr. Mgrfi *011. Mr. Mercer having find statedTin reply to a question of Mr. 1'Oigli, that this N.? 'was written hy Mr. A. llainilton, as tin* Olitir.11 in hi* hand purported, and ha* ing afterwards stated, that a friend had whispered him that it was from tho pen of Mr. Jay, Mr. Madifton rose U> correct tho mistake. lie said, that it was not written hy either of the gentlemen named, hut hy the tliird person concerned in tho work.? < It i* scarcely necessary to inform the rea der thai} hu ref >md to himself.) Mr Mer ufUr .>ying smut- compliments to Mr. Midisoft went Mi to cite extract* front the! numbers of Mr. Hamilton, proving the position which he had taken. Yesterday, Mr. Towncs submitted a Re solution intended to guard the I'ublic Trea sury as to the appropriations of money for local improvements ; and -\ Communica tion was received from tho Synod of Vir ginia recently Hitting iu this city, approving of the principles of toleration which the Convention had displayed. Mr Howell was called to the ('hair. Tho spraking was entirely on the side of Ute friends or the White Rani*. Mr. Pitshugh, of Fair fax, first addressed tho Comnutteo. Mr. McNiro, of ltockhridgc, wound up the dis cussion. An imidentoccurred during the day which excited much interest. Gen. Taylor addressed the Committee upon the peculiar relation* in which he stood to his district?dot taring that he could not aban don the honest convictions of his own luiud, nor on tho other hand could he thwart the wishes or violate the instruc tions of his constituents ; and that under such circumstances, he soutd probably re sign his place this morning, and put it into the ptwer of hi* colleagues to supply his vacancy. The General's oourse was such an one, as was oxpoctod from him?hit address was very animated and seemed to give general satisfaction. [Tito followinj; U th? letter communica ting (he roul^ra'.ioii of (2oner.il Taylor, al tlii' proceedings of (ho Convention had thereon. The ti'/iiff, from which wo copy the extract, insinuate*, (hat a deep pma is plujing to defeat the principle of Repre sentation upon the lra*is of white popula te, n. For our own part, we think (here in no inscrutable depth in (luit game which develoytcs a difference of opinion lutween a He preventative and his constituent*.? We think i( a very linn game?if ii nuiHt he called, and if Cicneral Taylor lias been licaten, wo think it results from hi* own want of vkill in it.?ki>. tki?] Hati'hdav, Nov. 7. | Tiie Convention, after prayer, wan call I ed to order at 11 o'clock. Thu President then communicated (o (he : Convention the following letter ofrenigna tion, that he had roceivo<l from (jeneral I Taylor. I io?Many of my comdituejita havo in ! Htructcd tnv to support tlio pro|K>*cd plan of api>ortioning representation with regard to v depopulation and taxation combined; and I have reason to helieve thai a large majority of the pt-oplo of ray district con i ctfr in tlicdesireoxpreascd in those instruc i tion*. It is due to myself t ? prevent all mi*con ception of my officii*! conduct. I wax i elected to (hi* liody with the lull know i ledge of my constituent* that I favored reform* in the existing Constitution. I came hero untrammelled hy inwtructions ; j and restrained l?y no pledge;. I ain unfor tunate, indeed, in tlii*, that my opiuionndo not harmonize with tlii>so of my constitu I out*; hut I have di*:ippointcd no expecta tion, violate.! no engagement, violated no trust. II.m i?c always believed and maintained) tli.it the nature ??( repr.'svutative p<?vorti uiont mainly depends on the principle, '.hut representation i.h only a nioiuiit whwlty tlx* d<dd.i nte will of tin: constituent l>ody is to !??? ? -x pressed and eflertuated?no act of mine shall ever impair tin- principle. Hail my cotistitiiriiti instructed tn.i on Rome matter ill mrrpcvpeilicncy, or required me l'i |MTlorm any thina which was j?i>ti?, , it would have affordi-d me pleasure to tes tify wtii how idiei-rftiln submission I would . tf? * '? ?ff ? t I" their opinions rather tlmn my nwti. Hut they ask what ?* impossible ~ ("I'l. ? y retire me to violate my conscience, ami thi' ftvntimi'Utft of flliul devotion which 11 owo to my country. Ilelievinff, as I conscientiously do, that | the lite a sure lain instructed to'support is hostile to fieo institutions, destructive of ' .-quality of right among our cithu-na, and ! introductivo of a principle that m minority on account of superior woalth shall nil# the majority of the i|uat1A?d voters of Hie ijnto I should |m guilty of moral treason against the liberty of my native land, if I allowed ovself to lie the iostnunetit by which this measure is < (T ? ted. In this state of mind, hy executing the wish** of my constituent*. 1 should jiutlv subject myself to their rc ? pr.-aclus for n.y baseness; and ?o the more iiii'ofter.i' h' reproaches of my own con science, Om uodo only reutliM to reconcile my duty to n?y oonatitnrsuu, to (Ik biglier muI mow Mu-reddutien i owe to myrfelfami mv country. It to to rosiga the office wlikb they conferred on me. end thereby Oen - Me iny colleague to I elect a auccsmor, who, more fortunate titan I am. may give e*xrt to tlteir wisliea without violating my sonli ment of private or puhlio duty.- 'JC Allow ate'to aw that this Jotter may have a plaoe on yonr Journal. Forgive tlio feeling which prompt* thia request. II any eye snail faswefter read my huuiblo name, I whhtho same p:i?'i which rtcpnU my retirement from your nervire may also record the motive (iiiiatakun, parhopt, bat, not uowortliy) which occa?i? ned it. ! 1 leave tbo Couveution, air, with wenti* menta of profouud respect and veneration for tlio Weight of talent which ennoble and advance i\. My heart will still attcud your council*; and I shall not ceaso to supplicate the Al mighty that he may so guide and conduct them that Virginia faay be regenerated, united, free and happy . I Ijavn the honor to be, your obediunt aervant, UOBB11T H. TAYLOR. Jab. Mo.MtoK.ICsq. /'>e*ldent. On motion of Mr. Mercer the letter waft laid on the tabid. Mr. Tstewell then rose and atatod, that, at the request of hia remaining colleague*, be liad to perform the duty of info ming tbo Committee that they had agreed on a iiuccesaor to Gen. Taylor, who would lie notified of his election, and that the gentle man in Hugh lllairGrigsby. of Norfolk. Tin.-Now York C ourier and Enquirer, iu an'article relative to Gen. Hcott, gives tlio opinion of Gen. Luiayette iu lib ease, as follows: We have long been in pofwetsion ol a conversation that occurred at La Grange , between the "enerable Lafayette ^nd the General, on the subject ofhis claim to rank, and tlie course he ought to pursue uuder the deciaiona that have been made. On tho occasion alluded to, Lafayette conclu ded his rriuarkx ill nearly the following I words: ? Jturuiu man wouiu, hi your position, return to duty fn>ni the paltry eonsfderation of pounds and ponce. A second rate- man, Kiiju rior lo so low a motive, but of limited understanding, would lay down his com munion from mere misapprehension of what w?i lit and proper ; una even# magnani mous man, Ueneral, equally free from the imputation* of imbecility and uii'uuiim, might, in the firat moment of iceliug, de-i termine in favour of the last count**, hut, would ultimately lie governed by the br?t. Accustomed to veuerato the lawn of his country, lu> would yield up bin particular judgment of their scope and effect, to that of those who muat be admitted to bd their legitimate interpreter*. However pure the feeling* that prompted him to discharge himself from ilia official trust, he would soon perceive that ths act might admit of great and dangerous misconstruction?that it involvod no less a responsibility than the extinction of subordination, that vital prin ciple of all armies. If such have been your determination, consider, I beseech you. General, consider It maturely. Beussured that your great services and your high rank nave put it out of your power to fol low, in this matter, the bent of your incli nations. Whoso proper, in (act, to set the example of obedience, tliat great vir tue of the soldier, as he who lias purcliaaed (ante and station with his blood 1 Who so fit, by a contrary course, to become an to* strument of evil, as ho whose acts take an irresistible degree of moral authority from their post unexceptionable tenor." The effect of tnif address, joined to ma ture reflection, the op|>ortiinity for which has lwen given, we are loft only to conjec ture at. We persuade ourselves, however, thst neither has been lost U|?on the g- neral, end that he who has so nobly *erved hi* country and enforced obedience, will not forget ihat it is his duty to practice it. /?'rem the Theatre uj II or.?Capt. Tiio m A*, of llto tthip .iltnntli- who arrived on Saturday from Trieste and Trapani (2lfh Sent.) inform* ha, that a report wan in cir culation at the latter place, when ho nailed, and generally txdieved, that the Uritiith anil French Fleet* hat I taken pojuewiott of the fortivftMoft of the Danlancllcii, and that the Hritinh Fleet had pained into thu Muck Ken. A few day* after nailing:, Capt. Thompson ?poke a British brig from Smyr na, tlio Captain of which informed him that a report lo tlio name effect wax current at Smyrna. If thi* l>e trtio, it i*a movement on the part of Britiin and France, that in far from heinc pacific ; we will nt<t, how ever, indulge in *|>cculatiom<, hut wait v ith patience for later, and more certain infor mation. The lii.il of Oot)h;*U'M three f >n? for a violent ;in-uo?U on a harri*t< r ol' tin: name of French, \tum decided in London on the vlllli of Hoptoiuhcr. llappfMffil upon 11??* cro*4-cxiiiiiiiiutii>ir, (lint th?? r.'sauH origi nated in tlica? rircuinntauf.eH: Mr. French had for *01110 month* Iw'en the* intimate friend ol \V. CoWIh.ii, and was recvlnii on term* of confidcnco l?v evcrv tncinficr of thofrmily. Mm. (?ofd>ctt al??o ma<^> him her confident, a* to certain chartf**, which j ?h? ?up|toacwl to In* well fmiiiilcd, a^ainnt her liimoatid. Mr. French would not un dcntlitiid tho nature of the*e chiii-gcn ; hut after they had liven frequently reiterated during a period of aix month*, he nt Inst put the ?|tie.??ioii to Mr*. t'onliett, a* to whether *h<* really meant to make mk-Ii chargi* apainst Iter hunhand. Shu replied in the affirmative, lie wan anwxfd, and /elt hound to communicate tho tact to Mr. Cohhett. In the lirwt inMance, however, ho communicate*! the fact to a clerk of Mr. C'l. of the namo of Riley. Whetl Mr. C'ol?l>#tl wa* informed of the cirrniialiMM. he thanked French for rooiiuuniratiuffthe ferta tn him. and Mid that he believed Mr*. ] Cohlwtt would cut hiii throat if she could, alio waa art jealoua of him. The tw>n* of Mr. Coblwti 5n!?a???iupntlv became Inforul ed ot th* nature of Mr. Fflmcir* communi cation. and th? mother denying that ?he had told him any thing of the kind, the defendant*, naturally enoush, Indicted the rhaatlwinent cjmnplnin^l^rupon the plain ??: till, nndrr the itnprruio* fhit he kIi 0?h author U the mtuwuNi. Ue attributed the origirf to their a The pleadingsbeingclosed, the, mediately fiiund the &feftdaatsarf , ?r. but under cirtu instances of great vocation." ? Mr. C. Phillipenut jaaa a Mia. Cohhtftt, id aiitigatioa of,.. hut the Court, finding that ft | rontradkted the evide*ee of Mr. rejected It. The oourt then sentenced William bett to a fine of SO/, to the king, and <_ Oubbett and Richard Cohbett to a fine w. eadi, and to enter their reoogniaan of 400/. each, to keep the peace toward* prosecutor |*p The h?g.. m . \ .rt.oftbia ci ty* has litvrut?-u .1 MK in clonrai, upon a near cOmprcmfon principle, which. th?4nveo*or a*sert**-**wril discharge balla wrth imach greater forte and prrcnioa than la possible wuh gunpowder.** lie Uaaalao Invented k eane-rifie, which ahoota upon a similar prin dple alth thecanwn, and la "wonderfully MCvurute and powerfat." We have heard the*e Invention* or Mr. Btewart spoken of by gentlemen who are to decide up<>n their merits An I their qu.?litic? will be given to the on Monday morning n?-itt??*iBr " ?? ? ? 1 f it?~ Jdu -?fmrtycaftturtd.?Latt even* m>; tlir Adanm pany wa* captured bag and ii?K<"Kr, coffin hiiml-hilia and all* in Ma** vniit 11.ill, by adrtHchmentofthe ??Work i k nut,," hIImh the Fanny Wright men. Jr. it. Militarv Hall. The Hall presented m gular acene of confusion for about two iu>uri>. li was a perfect riot, An attempt w.i* mude ip put in a chairman* but a thou* sand volcca drowned the nominations made by the Adama men. ** A mechanic"?*4* metallic for chairman*** was the Keoeral cry. Several made attempts to apeak* hut the assemblage would hear nothing. We art) i fry eorry for the capture oft the Adim i men,'hut cannot help them.?Coftkr and t.nqulitr. ?.< ^ MERCANTILE FREEDOM. (I'rcm 8emttt>? lfttutf fiublUktd in far 1'rtc Trade Jgptate. J > But tin rouite which we htve run, ha* i mhtiu'd increased numbers with moreva r.rd wants and greater power* of produc i ??n; ii.t ? t-Hsnl t sic lur those comfoi tn find luxuries which our own soil Mid climate ? tfiiv, Htid still more increased menus of purchasing their. I'he'jVrell-dlrected la ?>- ur of ?a Englishman Is worth twice as much us thui of uny ? ther inhabitant of Eu- : rope, it u worth lour ?>r five timet us much as the labour of ihe less advanced European. (lUtrktK: it is worth twelve or fifteen (into* us much us the labour of the mo*t civ it hied Asiatic nations. It U tfue that tb* long e.wrse of iperverse commercial legislation front which we ar* hut bcg'mutnf to em*t" cipute ourselves, Ii*? prevented ?i frotq turning the**- a4*am'%estotheb*efccoon<. Crump d# h. ?????, jv wo have been, wo huvo ?o Uk BMtlo umO ?f thtnaitfcftt? very large portion <4 out- labouring cltuct ftttf employed direct#, or iudMyctly, in obtain' i >g foreign conmi'xViUe*; that we tcartfcrty m ke it meal, or put on ? drew, or enter u, house forme? v?Uly.of domestic materia* " I We ore dependent on fc>relfa countries, t merely for whftt is agreeable, but for ' custom hfts rendered ncttuuftjyo gi et thlsdepeitdence f JPar'fromYtJbrit necesHur) consequence of two great fits, the locrea** of our number* inert a*e of oui wealth. It is the i dependence of the i toh on the |?oor, tn>|?i|is on the surrounding half-naked subjects of Ci doubtless independent of foretoi Mumlie*, ftnd so tft the srmibarbatiaii who buflhrtfH ? in the ruins of PefeepoUt, and cultivates hi* dim s among tlie remains of palace*. Ev ery approach on our part to a similar inde pciidt nce must be obtained by an approach to a ftimilftr condition. Butlfweoaly omm sent to use and improve to the utmost oar natural and ucquired advanti consent to buy what our neii liug to sell, if we cease to ref offer us on the ground that they offer it tea cheaply, if. t<ute the wOrd* which the a?en^ Iter for Lincoln intended fur irony* we open out eager annstotheonrestrictedcoiwaerce of the world, 1 see n?? definite term to tho ' course of prosperity Ittfore us. | see no c use that, for ages to come, need chcck the pi ogress of our wealth and imputation, 1 see no reason why England* which aaw support* in virtue and in happtnes* moeo human being* than any other district of equal extent, should not contain a much larger population with -still greater moral nnd pin steal dvantagra. POKTHY. Uh-i a ?*t4tal iHlmt would H (M hi (Hm? .'.itipl. iniit liaH (Hmh. to t* hlnwl with n .? ,(?. i?Ui< ?? |ik*t iin- Wily matiilonad in tta fol low ),(? l iw ? Wlmt m ?inn ly relief nm:4 r*b . <.iw prove !?> it |"'or an.loA* dtvll, fur iiistitiiro?? U iili mi.nv a writ annoyed, ami many * don. Fur p?(t r r.-edli, mill fm rn?li hard run. I.hi In u? li?ian lo tin- port, nn tliea v.h?thn *ny? in pia'.?e. of lil? ml*?rr??. 'Illl. I'OWF.K Of MUSIC. f-nrh, IoiiHi, imr? Mot* ?lioa* W*y? of Hnnar* Sn?l lei m<* h"?r i|io?* noli* again; I1> ii^h ttolupf l>o*4l, *inl?k?* toy ??ut I ??>) K.v?'i(it>r? pi* i ?ur? fur thkfi pit In. N..\* u iih ttioan I |*ray, triy dtir, Ini'i ili ?! <ilver ?oirf of Ihlim j t l*<ir?ilver *1111 plfi>?? my r<ir, 'lliou^li Mm cull no W/r^r Mine. Mo <<? tbewWIrtU u%, ran ???ri Amiy ?4M t ' ? h my ' i ??tM?>r?. >lf|t? Ann, V.'eie |r>?t'iil w I *ii you touch I ha lay*. ? t1 y itiiNikitM tkjntAit# ? Mlf, bo? li powf r w hat" lly mtllfag ilraln^ \ n?1 <ltra i>W(fltf<lr t nnraf* ?till T. try hU batlrr Nil a*aia. . N F"M Ity yftrr tit-fft ?f HM*t? hnnnif f.?H>w i,f<i .?v uni he my In**! vl t*ffA ; \ ft Man rlai to yntv tkunt t ?/? w*?f, HUM'S ?In-old I heir M?mJi Ng fort* ?iV V.v?ofO.. r.ifo I" fin ara ?rfcfct<*t4M|| m"?V r.f ?n0 ??.?!! timen-f Ivory