Columbia telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1819-1821, October 23, 1829, Image 1
BY U. f, IUKI, STATK PMIMKIt.
?^ CAROLlirA, OCTOBER ftS, IBM.
Bt7& ^ . t
VOLUUE* XV.
MM
5!
!HBt> KVERV PRIOaY MOhATm"
TKMf9?1%rtt OoUmrtf*r mn.ttm, pmufblt n
iiu?ci, or r?r tHUmrtwMtllkunJoj
np ??.
ADPBRTl8lilKMT8*m*rtttl mtlk9W$*Mlr*in
FOETBY.
TIIK LOVER to lUt Ml?Tttli88.
Thou baal been cih*!?Oil bow Ion*!
WblU> |my?i and plaint* wtre |?>urad in vain?
Now M (by lwr? moral Mt|*.
Tbe ???*<,tad aoog?Ihy tmilfa obtain
Look li Ibat naai 1 atraam?Ha ware*
rfow ob, Sow on?and naVr raturn;
80 noftoli bostm to tk*W *r? vn ;
80 e'en tty bonaty toobo Hi orn.
i \^ s j.
Yost sotbyyoera deport, went Mold,
Era tbou f?*at dreamt I bey fly *0 Out;
Tboy cannot b* redeemed, nor paid
With begaof Gold?if mcb (boa ka?t. .
Com* (Iiod, enjoy (hen- for regret
Will come too Into %rhen tint" li fled ;
The honr f??r bliaa It dawning ya'?
Bui thee* W darina** oW Hie dead.
*,t, SSBSOBBBtSLM JJ-H. 11 ..1 . BB3
TEXAS. * |
/<</iffero"e/l* AT. Xouii Ihac'jn j
In my last communication I stated and
proved, thai the present boundary iinu be
twfeen tho United Ntates and Mexico, was
conceived and established for the purpose
of obstructing .Mexican Independonrc, and
checking the growth of the Went: and,
ptomisod to demonstrate that the lino so
established, is, in point of feet, prejudicial
and injurious to both republics; and that it
wottldT bo to their mutual advantage to
abandon it at once, and establish a new
one founded on mutual convenience, adap
ted to the localities of tho country, and cal
culated to be aa durablo and permanent as
the existence of the two republics. To the
nxecution of this promise, 1 now prooeed,
and shall commence with demonstrating
the truth of tho Ant branch o? the proposi
tion, namely: That the firetcnt boundary
it dlsatlvontagrou* to both countrle*.
To undentand and appreciate what will
bo urged on this head, it will be nccomary
for tho reader, if not already well acquain
ted with the locality of this line, to take up
a map of tho Valloy of the Mississippi, to
trace our western boundary upon it a* es
tablished by the Florida treaty of 1810, to
observe its new and arbitrary course, its
immonso length, and projecting ancles; see
how nearly it approaches New Orleans,
deeply it cuts into the south west quarter
of the Valley of the MiMissippi, and how
much territory it severs from the country
to which it naturally belongs! After view
ing the portion and courao of this Une, it
will be necessary also, to a full comprehen
sion of what is to bo read, to run the mind
forward, and viewthe V. States and Moxi
and free from all cause of dissension, but as
they wUlbesomeyearshenay-some forty or
lifty yean hence when the young men now
coming on the stage of life, and the boys
now at school, will be at the head of affairs
in the two Republics?and when theao two
young and flourishing nations will be
the most powerful on earth; their popula
tion fifty millions: their territories inhabi
ted and cultivated to their extreme verge,
their frontiers covered with fortifications,
and themselves sabjoct to all the wars of
interest and ambition to Which neizhhor
ing nations forever nave oeen, and forever
will be liablo, it is under this sspcct of the
ftUure, more thsn of tho present that the
actual condition of these two young Re
publics must be viewod. Tho patriots of
the present day, the statesmen who are at
the head of amirs 'in tho two countries,
should look to their descendants, to tho ri
sing generation, and endeavor to lay tho
foundation for friendship and harmony lm~
tween them, by preventing, or removing,
as for as pofttible, all the causes which may
lead to collisions With these preliminary
remarks, I will proceed to shew, that tho
boundary in question la injurious to the U.
S. and M ex wo in many inspects, and for
the sake of perspicuity, wilt point the n out
under diitinct head*.
Finer: It k toyuriou* to the V. S, #i
rth* txjttntc U VfUl tm+lve for furiijtca
-thru.
Hupposing it 16 bo permanent, it must
1ms fortified. Alt nation* must have (heir
frontier* covered, oither by natural, or ar
tificial defence*. Mountain* and deeert
Sain* form the natural defatee; where
e*o do not exi*t, vrtiflcinl defence* must
be aubatituted, and fortification* are the
only Nuhntitute. Tho tine in question nei
ther follow* the ridgo of a mountain, nor
traverace a doaert. It ran* throughout it*
entire length, from th? mouth of the fabine
following all it* angel*, to the head of the
Arkaneaa, over a level and campaign coun
try, fertile in noil, salubrious in climato,
without a point of defence upon it, without
a solitary position which would commr # J
an inch of ground, or obetnict the pesnage
ofa soldier an Inch beyond the range of it*
cannon. Every part of this lino of 9000
mile* in length will need defence.. We
need not begin without going through
with the work, for on? fbrt would bo use
less, could he pMned with impunity,?with
out a complete chain, within Rupporting
distance* from one end to the other
The expanse of constructing *uch a tor
don Of porta, of arming them with cannon,
manning them, and aupplving them must
be enormous and incalculable tiut
groat as Would be tho expense, the pecuni
ary objection i* not the only owe to whieh
R would he subject. Another objection
praaanta itself in the large and numcroua
S which it would be mcoeaary to
and which might eventually be
*i tba tthertie* of tho country?
- ^MTiMln troop* of the Rhifte the
IHnuhe, and the Hkiphratee, whose attach
meat to their country wa* deadened and
blunted by long eevvico on distant IVontim,
bat were fatal to th*- liberties of Rome.
Ifler all, the MMMal boundary h no ade>
uate suhatitute ft* the twhtral one* Of
PVance ie the moat eminent example,
seldom invaded on the tidefnf the
.Ill WN uhjuujt amu moos
V tlMDlaOA Ht ||MIB>
doubwud tmbhUnn
Aba and the
dm I room
often on Umi
every mouiwi
exhausted to ?,
tainous float Us
Of atnoondoUH foruucmuona. vH: ?^va
Secondly: In brim*t*gtjbrrtgn fad
er within the natural limitt of the United
Statrt.
jztmw
i&wSi
the globo, (bey belong to
MfcSCippi* The one half of
a?d of Uw> territory drained by I
nowt belong to a foreign power.
iu dominion, it will be settled, and the aet
tlerswill be subject to a foreign govern
ment, and bound to take a part With it in
settlepients have abends begun, and
eventually bo dense and powerfal.
salubrity of the dhnate, the fertility of the
tntfnwof
valuable staple*, will insure this result
This will be inconvonieht to us
peace, and dangerous in tine of war.?
Thoy are near tho heart of;the coun
try and can do inunenao mischief either by
the intelligence which they givo, the sup
plies which tliey' furnish, or tlio blows
which they may strike. If tho Red River
nnd Arkansas remain a permanent part of
tho Mexican dominions, it is clear that
their population will he an advance guard
oftho nation, occupying a position within
our natural boundaries, upon the banks of
rivrrs which lead into our territories, and
to tho emporium oftlie wont, and ready in
tl?e event of hostilities l?tween the tlvo
ountries to invade the U. 8. or toAirnfrh
|a ban ler to their own.
TinnDLv: rttRivlngforclffticri aright
to 'luvftrate our rtvrr?.
It is Kern that thU boundanr give* to
Mexico about two third* oftho Red River
and ono half oftho Arkansas. The law of
nation*, the same under which we claimed
tho right of navigating the MuwiMippi
thirty year* ago, when the lover partofit
was owned hy Spain, and the tamo under
which wo now claim the right to navigate
tho St. 1*awrcnce, would give the Mexican*
a right to navigate tho riven of which they
own tho upper part* even if tho treaty un
der which they acquired them wax silent.
Hut it is not silent. It recognizes thi* right
of navigation, tho oxlent of which i?, on
the Red River, from tho Mexican bounda
ry to it* mouth, about 460 mile*; on tho
Arkansa* river, about 000 mile*; from the
mouth of tho Arkansas, down tho Miesiti
sippi to the gulf, about 800 miles: in nil,
above 2000 mile* of tho mo*t important na
vigation in the United States through the
centres or along the borders of states, the
most exposed of any in the Union, to for
eigif invasion or domestic (servile) insur
rection . The mischief* to whieh this right
of navigation may bo turned, are too nu
merous and palpable to noed enumeration.
Smuggling good* into the country?slaves
out of it?dissensions between the boatmen
of tho two nation*, would ho necessary and
ordinary occurrence*?Add to this that
sueh a of navigation would be a pow
er to invade us, would lay o|ien the coun
try to an enemy aliove New Orleans and
lay us tinder tho necessity of fortifying as
*trongly above, as bclor that city, to seeuro
it from attack.
FotrnTHLv: In the lou (>[ wetter n ter
ritory, which wot ceded army for the Jiur
fiote of ettnhlbhinu a detert between the
front kr% of the United Ht a let and Mexico.
In the first number of Amkricanus, this
sacrifice of territory urn# stated at 200,000
square miles; but it is since ascertained, that
that estimate Was far below tho reul extent
of the loss. Tho province of 7'exat, the
whole of which was ceded a*vay, but which
did not constitute the whole extent of the
cession, alone contained 240,000 square mile*
Its boundaries nnd superficial contents, are
thus stated in Darby's Western Gazetteer,
published in 1*18,before any question about
the cession of theprovlncc had ever been agi
tated r?"Bounded on the West and South by
the Rio del Norte, on the South by the Gull
of Mexico) East by the St*'e of Louisiana;
North by the Red Kivcr. Its greatest length
800 miles {breadth 500, estimated by the
rhombs on Melish'* map to contain 240,000
square miles, and to be equal In extent to
New York, NAp Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Maryland, VirgHs, Ohio, and Kentucky."
Our title to the whole of Texat, had been
previously vindicated by Mr. Adams him
self, who shewed from Im Ilarfie't Journal.
una otncr early writings that the French,
under whom wc claimed, had established
themselves under !/i Saile, nt the Bay of
St. Iternnrd, the oldest settlement in the
Kro\ hire, upwards of 56 yearn before the
pnniardt erm*?<l the Rio del Norte, lit
had declared our title tobt- Mclear to VV .r-,
at ns to New Orleans; yet the whole of 7V r ?'
at was celled away, and, in nddition to it,
nil the country between the Hnl Itivcr jum!
Arkansas, to the west of the ICOtb degree
f longitude; an area of eight dejpres r>r l?n?
gitnde in length nn4 fonr of latitude in breadt ii
equal to alxut 110,000 sonars mites,or near
ly double the extent c,f tl?e six New Kng
hnd states. Adding thU area to Texas,
nnd the totality of t!?e ce?si??n is 550,000
square miles, containing 329,000,000 acres,
and w6rth, according to the lowest federal
e?timnte of l^nd, 81 23 per acre, the sum
of $311,240^000. Sue It was the si*e of the
DKsr.Rt^Mteh its value In money*?which
the ncgot>atot of the Flotidit Trraty under
jUW?k to create within thn acknowledged li*
mlta. and most of It within the nntmifbotin
dartes, ol the United States, for the avow
ed purpose of otxttuning Mexican indepen
dence, and fr>r the ftalftabU object of abridg
ing the territorial extant of the WmT? ami
Sreveoting the future nbtwi of the slave
intra, hrhich might have h?e? formed uj?on
IM in (Tftmc IMS tne ivegotiMOr of that
treaty lulfllkd thv nhhrM ot th? MHvtirl
He*trictWmi??*,iuwl r.f the did (vpponrnt* to
thr nr<|uUUrtn of Lnnhlttrm* beyond their
utnioit fi'i/ir*. II. | ivr b irk ?? moth of
l^iiUlHiin, it* ?i u'd
form ,*<?
>l Ketttin ky ? He wn?iitttofk upon th*
Ho nth H'ril, with h?? ?K??,n^iry ftne, wMIt
they wtrt ?t work upon tho Mrth tVnf,
with their pomiiwwl* lute; nod l?etWcfn
the ?.*voict? of op?w??ri, the miip of Ji<wt?
Sf"- ?? ?M outlet for the
jj?jj7 'JggJ ?/sSoSoo *quarT'iXU
KBHS^saws
"*?* *? any one M^Wir
5 ??. JiTf158 ****** from Mr.
!?g8&i2?^*s?
1,'Ww watered by them, a km aims ti km.
l,w*w'A**,t dy owy thing*** ad
ducedby you, a* by any thing wAieh had
rvrrMKCfcDKO Uin thedUcusUonabetween
uUd&SS^HT^ ,T * ????****?
?/r ?"Tn?? co*r*or**?T,
Z^iVL ****"C"V V*90L/Htirflo*tO
**"**?DUCE "ooruwAM have already
ZV?' *" 0Het *** ??***, and whlfh mr.
IHUtt IIXXCKVOKTH
or considered by the United State? aa NOT
w2S2i!i*L 5f "station, "-a
,bl8' ?hatMr. Ad
S2?^f.uh^in?U,5 ,rt*nd iM ,,eh*1' ?*
SK United ?" /Ar land
end a// the water in the v*lky of the Mis
sissippi; and it was on the 6th Jar ofPebru
'7', *hat he offered mi article for n
tablishing a boundary between the United
?f^nn!!2? Spanish dominions, which
lift 200,000 square miles of this land and
the tVhy this
change in thrcathort mouths? It wns be
!!?!!?* V.?* months was the exact pc -
of the most violent operations in uud
out ?f i^ugrea* against the spread nf slave
ry beyond the Mississippi; the |?eriod when
the leading political and personal friend* of
the negotiator, declared on the fleor of Con
ye?s their wishes. that l^ouisiana was dtvi ,
dedfrom the rest of the Union by a jury
stream at imfiaisabte, as the burning lake\
which divide* good from evil,?that it might
ft""'? remain a haunt for wild beam! In
establishing the hkskrt of 350,000 square
mile?, the?e impious wishes bcem to reccive
their consummation.
Fifthly: In bringing a uon slave-hold
ingempire to the confine* ?./Louisiana, and
Jtrkan*as, and to the neighborhood of .Yew
Or/rans and the Lower MissSssi/i/ii.
Mexico is a imn-slavcholding empitc, and
will remain so. Sbc imw borders upon the
state:* on the Lower Mississippi, and will'
naturally heroine the refuge o| fugitive]
slaves from that Quarter. Many slaves
now make their way from the state* vault'
of the Ohio river nnd Potomac, and nr rnsit I
the lakes to Canada, although several states
nf the Union, hound to deliver up fugitives,
lie between, and increase the difficulties of
the distance which they have to go. In the
south-west, where the Mexican boundary
approaches nearest,?where the communi
cations arc all open,?the slaves in greatest
number,?the means of escape easy and
ccrtain, nn well from the contiguity of ter
ritory as tho free navigation of our rivers,?
the evil* of desertion roust become exc.es
..?? - l- on'X Louisiana and Arkansas
will suffer from It, but the states of Missis*
Kentucky and Missouri.
The desettion of slaves, besides the loss in
prcpcity, will endanger the peace of the
frontiers, by the pursuit to which they will
give rise, and the affrays which msy take
nlfice. The peace at neighborhoods in
Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, has often
been endangered from this cause, even
where all the parties were subject to one ge
neral government, and had laws co compel
the delivery of the fugitives; how much
greater, then, must be the danger from this
source, when the pursuers ar<vforeigncr*r? |
when tho scene of contention is on foreign
soil} and when force impelled by passion,
rules the hour!
Sixthly: In furnishing a refuge to fu
gitives from Justice.
This will result from the position of the1
ccdrd territory, firor to the United States
remote from the scat of government in Me
xico. Escape to it from the United States
is easy; punishment by Mexico is difficult.
Hence Texas is already notorious as un as
ylum for the fugitive offenders; and in some
parts of It they are already in sufficient force
to set the laws of the country at defiance, to
trample cn every moral sentiment, and to
rate a man's standing am.>ng themselves by
the amount of the reward that is offered lor
him ih the state from which he fled.
Seventhly: In giving facilities for
smuggling by land and water.
The Sabine is made a common boundary;
it is to be navigated by both parties; the
Gulf of Mexico west of the Sabine, posses
ses .inmerous ports; the country isnpen ami
level to the Red Hiver, and to tlie numerous
bikes and bayous which communicate with
the Mississippi. Smuggling in all this quar
ter will he easy, especially as the rignt to
navigate the Red River is secured.
Ktohthlyi In the tos* of harbor?.
1 lie best and most numerous harbors on
tlu: continental coast of theGultof Mexico,
he between the Sabine and the mouth of the
i tih del A'vrte. As a naval and commercial
power, owning tho great river which carries
the commerce nf an empire into tlie Gud,
, wc hud the gicatest need for these harbots.
' li) the acquisition of Ijouistana we obtained
I them; h/ the new boundary established ?n
our ?->tllh west frontier in la 19, we gave
i litem away.
Ninth Mr i In laying oficn t.'ic lAtvjcr Mi*
to iirvatfon from above.
Before the ertabltihment of thin l>oun<M
??>, all the country to the we* o! the Lower
Mi?*i??ii>pi, quite to the Hh dH Abrtr, ?im
our*. An American population waa to in
habit it, and would have istvervd New Or
leant and nil the lower country on that *?dc.
The new boundary ha* givenH up to for
eigner*, hat uncovered tiie right flank of
l<oui?iwnat and laid it open to invnion.
?PoMCMCd of the Ked Kiver and Arkansas
a foreign power may prepare an tnvawm
from above, collect her troopa and muni
tions, descend to the MiMiMtppt, rat?mg an
the ?luvee an they come, mm! mi-once ot cap
ture the emporium ot the West, or excite
a imile war, before the citieen Miidun. 1
the njfper ?tate? could come to fur aid. In
another contort, with lUgland, the in hlit
choote thi? route, come hi upon the hack ot
I^outturn*, end apt ead cootternatton t it rou n
the ttftte. To K^onV agaWW ?hi? danger,
Nfv? Oilman* wmil'1 ht?*o to '?? fortHi^i
Hbovt the city, and all the approach*** tc
the MM?*ippi by the Red rtfver md Ar
kiiiiv ix watched ami Kiurdt-<1.
Tkntmly: In fur nM In fa harhnr totfn
Indian* who kilt und rob our ciiizcn* on
ihrtr taey to
Caravans from Missouri, Aritiwn ami
Louisiana* have repeatedly suffered from
the depredations of the Indiana who arc
ihelleml by thi* harbor. The Comancket
inhabit it, or rather roam over it,?the Be
douin A tab* of America^?like these Arab*
forever Mounted, always seeking for |>rey,
always ready to attack the merchant
and traveller, und too often escaping
punishment by the fleetness of their nor
*r*. Missouri has complained of their
depredations, but complained in train, wh!>
the projector of the desert they jinhabit waa
at the head of nfhirsj but upon the acces
sion of Piiiidkht Jackson their com
plaints trere heard, and a military escort or
dered out for the protection of their cara
vans. But military protection, though emi
nently dedrable, is still inferior to the true
remedy the retroicssion of thu country op
on the Arkansas and tbe Red River* to its
natural OwiMrs, whose mounted volunteers
would quickly teach these .marauders to re
spect the lives and property of American
i-itixens.
ElkV*wtiii.y: In losing the Naviga
tion of the Ufifier Hed River and Arkan
?at.
The navigation of the upper part of these
rivers, even for small craft, would facilitate
the commerclsl intercourse of Missouri,
Arkansas and Ijoutslana, with the northern
parts of Mvxico; but it is no longer in their
power to command It. The treaty of 1819
did not reserve the privilege, and the right
of navigation, accruing under the laws of
nations, only applies to people who live on
the upper waters of streams which flow in
to the sea, and who ate admitted to have a
natural right to go to the ocean in the
channels which God has created for that
purpose.
I'wrr.Lrrnt.rr In diminishing the outlet
for the emigration of the Indian* which
inhabit the utatct of Aliuiui/i/ii, Alabama,
Georgia, and Tttmrittee.
" ThtW Indian* ought to emigrate. It in
due to the atatv* in whirh thty are, that
(hey khould be put <>n a footing with ail the
ktatcH north of the Potomac and Ohio, whose j
Indiana have liven sent away, and their tor* j
ritory cleared of the incumbrance of u pop-'
ulafion w likIt pay* no taxes count* nothinj; j
ht the federal tenuis, hoar* no arms, uxuept
for mischief to the whites, and nbt.linctft the
acttlement and cultivation of the statea.?
It ib better for the Indians thom?clvo? that
thov should go. Hi nee the time that tho
children of Israel were in Egypt, it lias
been auen that the two different nations
could tint live together without injury to the
weaker, and that tho road of salvation to
the weaker party, wm through the door
of emigration. This truth b now enforced
upon the Southern Indiana: tho land of
promisefor tlnun,?detcribulhu Gen. Pike,
9J VWlgo, a* the 'termtrku ftaradUe of
,ava/e. ? \* beyond the Mississippi; the/
are now going to it, and thy only objection
it, that they hare to atop too near the
white*, and that the outlet t* not sufficient.
It waa tho boundary of 1810 which made
thin outlet ton small, and stop* these emi
granta too near to the whites.
Such are the evils, a brief and rapid
sketch, which will result to the United
States, from the continuance of the present
sooTii-wKSTKan novftnAMY. To Mex
ico, It will also bo prejudicial and injurious
not to the same extent, but in a suAcisnt
dogree to mske it her interest to hare it
changed. Inthr firat place she will be invol
ved in the same ruinous expense for fortifi
cations that we shall be. In the next placo
these fortification*, when built by her, so
far bovund her natural frontier, will k? tin.
tenable lo time of war; the lino of the &i
hine, the Jfrrf Hiver and ufrkanta*, will
In to hot What the line of the Kbro wan to
France when Charlemagne had oxtended
his empire to that river; an* ten
able against the people within whose
naturafboundarh* it in. and lout In tho ftmt
war. In the third plaee, all the evils
of smuggling, and offender* e*eaping from
They are (bgitire*, or emigrant* from the
United State#, speaking a different lan
pM^e, bred tip in a different religion, de
pendant for market* and an outlet to the
iea. upon the master* of the MWwi?ippi,
and naturally looking toward* the reentry
from which they came. and haek into
which their rivet*, their trade, tho tiea of
blood, ami the force of feel in if are rontinusl
lyleadint them. In the tilth place, all the
evil* of border population, not operated
by natuml houndariea. would nl?o bo com
mon to both Republic*, ''/in'I fence* mate
hart neltfhb^ft1* had honnriarit*, or no
boundaries, make hoatile nations. The
present south western Itoundary in essen
tially a l?*d ene, for both Meaico and the
United State*; it pre*ent* n tthing to divide
the nation*, and the border people, their
alare*, cattle, hor*e*. will be perpetually
crowing, committing trespasses, and pro
1 during collision*.
In One, it in a lino mutually ?limdvanta- >
IMNM to Mfvii-o ?nd the United Staton, |
mail* in n spirit nflwutilitv to the indepen-*
donee of one. ttnil aeetional jonloway In the1
Other. mide without noceeelty, Tor tho
I^nitotl Htatc* were in powaeaaion. and held
?>y a title "iot ?tt*rrfilihlr of rrfntotl*ni"
*n<1 made with a kinc that had ho to
make it, and whoar grant, if ho had jrran
tct anv thine loua on the ?kl* of Mexico,
would have hean invalid and inoperative;
far Maxien waa then virimlljr independent
and not mihieot to have her territonr* cur
tailed hv i ?reatr between the Wing of Spain
and the (tailed AtMaa. It waa a atipulation
for ahottndarv hr whleh the It. ftfeite*
mijht /#?*. and rrmM not hjr whirh
theWnaT could htHlmhthheff/ but could
not he rnfarffrrt. and thia eonatituted ita
Rrerhe recommendation to the acititora of
ir Mi??o?iri (piewtion, and the old oppo
nent* to the aorpiMttftn of l<o?{aiafta, who
wore ih? n unW*d In nollev and In ftraat
forrr at Wiahiw*tonoitv. ?nd ?erf>4heper
**nal and political frienda of tho oagotm
tor.
Kxeoralde ?? It waa. the ntificatif.n of
the treaty wa?eertain and hwihMc The
realnctiomsisi and the old opponents to the
acquisition of Louisiana, to conformity to
whoso wof(jd wishes it vtas mad*, con
stituted nearly on* half oif the Senate,
ami thejr voted for the ratification at
counte. A stipulation tepay #5.000,000
to the AUantie taervlianU, wno J tad
lout property by Spanish spoliationa, com
manded another interest; and the oen
sion of Floridss, oomiMfeded the votes
of most q| the southern members. But the
ratification wan not obtained without a strug
gle. Several KenatornSetnpadecidedoppo
sition. and in theothor blanch of Congress
Mr. Clay thought It so fraught with injury
to thelT. Statin, and especially to theTVent
aa to justify the extraordinary Interposition
of tffi Mouse of lU-prewDtatiVCf. He ac
cordingly submittal two resolution*, In
condemnation of the treaty, one for its un
constitutionality, in undcrtahinc to ceda
away natural territory: theotfeerfbr its in
expediency and ? injustice to the U.
States.* These Resolutions wen over
powered In jtha House of Representatives
by the Mune eauaes which ensured tho rat
ification in the Senate.
Having now demonstrated that the line!
of 1819 is a disadvantsgcous boundary for
both countries* it remits of course that It
will be to their interest to abandon it, and to
abandon it at once* before the expense of
fortv tying it is incurred, and to establish
snother which, leaving the valley of the
Rio del Norte to one, and of the MissUsip
pi to the other, shall fallow the ridge of
mountains which divides them, until it sub
sides into the vast prairies which lie between
the Colorado and the Rrauoe de Dlot,nt.d
thence along the highlands between those
rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. This would
give a natural boundary, and would leave
to each power a frontier that could be easi
ly guarded and defended, and would give
to neither a foothold, or position, within the
proper limits, or upon the rivers of the other
But it would leave to the United States ter
ritory which now belong* to Mexi.'o, and
for which she Ought to be compensated,
although the gave nothing for it, and placed
so little value upon the toll as to grant
it away to citleens of other countries who
applied for it. Forty-eight milllonsof acre*
were lately granted to one ajipUoant, and
he offer* it ?o emigrants at a cent an acre.
Numerous donations of millions of acres had
been previously made. Little more than
the barren sovereignty isnowleftto Mexico,
and the sovereignty over a country can be
worth but little where the soil Is a gift, and
the population not homogeneous. Mexico
coulo hardly wish to retain It, to her own ul
timate prejudice and to ours. Her territo
t v, within her natural boundaries, is ample,
greater than any nation ever possessed la a
climate at mild and salubrious, and a terri
tory so fertile. The line which would reach
from her capital to her frontier settlements
on the Pncific, to Monte Rey, would also
reach to Philadelphia In the United States.
Such is the extent of her empire. Increase
of territory can be no object totuch a nation
nor to the United States; what they both
want, l>eing neighbors, and destined to be
poworfal, is a convenient, natural and par*
manent boundary, wbleh will give to their
posterity the best guarantee lor the peace,
security, and mutual independence which
ought to prevail between them.
' AMERICAN US '
St. Louis, Aug. 1,1889.
?The following are the Ratolutioni ?ul,allied
bjr Mr Ct*y.
" I Jbttfr?i, Tint the ComtltotJon of the
United State* ve*t* in Congrew the power to db?
rn.o of the territory belongfe* to the*,end lh?t
no treat* purporting to alirnM* any pert there*
of, I* valid without the content of Congree*
"??. IUntr'4, Thm tho equivalent propote.l
to be given 17 Spain l? the Cnitt A State*, in
the |r??ty r.mct.ided between tltrm bo Ibettdof
iVI.ruary. 1810, for that part of Louisiana lying
weat of the Sabine, wa* (it) Inadequate ; and
that it would !??* ineipedieat to auk* a tmnifer
thereof to any foreign power, or to reoew the
In the diKtaiot of three Rexolntionr, Mr.
Clay, after pooling a torrent of indignant el
oquence npon the Treat v, tamed npon H* au
thor, Mid accused Mr. Adam*, a* dblindly aatho
rale* of debate would permit, of having betray ,
edhU trait and gtanted the Spaniard'* mere
than the king'* inttrnetloa* required. The fnf.
lowlnRiothe tenteace which lmpli*i thi* aero*
?alien; " Art w? a*/ Mi Iy Me &ttr*t?ry of
tUaH, in the b?ti ani ?mrfi*w tknt Dan
ImU it Onto we* rmtterfaed fe grduf it* hoc it
mere, end Ihmt Spain n*aa net ding htoimtrnr
Hont,?<that Tttr. link or nanaacATioa i* FAR
wiTNia Ml* MBIT*??N. B. The word* M muth"
"inre" and far" are alt Halieleed in Mr.
Clay'* rpeeeh a* printed In the National Intel!!
Itencer, and on reading thi* pregnant Intimation
of treachery, the mind i* irresfotthiy hnrrieo
bark to the date nt the negotiation a* It tnlti
et Madrid la Jaty, liW. and a* it e^eaW at
Waihin|ton In frebrw?ty 1810, to comider how
lillh wa* mkti by Don Phurm Mere, aad how
muth wa* ?fftrti by John Qnincy Ademi htr
-(*w the (lr?t number of rfmtritwnui) Mr.
Clay ?*m th??n the. champion of the Weat and
tnninH in<*d h<-r Iniertft a*aln?t Mr. Adam* ; af
ter'h*-(nt?l coalition, ha joined Mr Adam* In
o'tninlnc fiom Mrii o heraiaeat to thi* treaty
whWi'i !(?? *o vehemently rnndenwM'd
STATISTICAL.
w?mw
IN i KRNAIi 1MPHOVKMP.NT.
The Yeoman'* Gaxette give* (he follow
?t>g summary \ lew of the principal chiiiO*
now finished, in progre**, or in completion
In llic l!nlted Stnte?:
1. MitliUrwx Canal ?'Thin ha* been fin
ished ?r??1 in operation for several your*: it*
length is 20 J milt*; it has 136 fret lor knur.
It rims from lloston harbor to Chelmsford,
in tnl* county.
2. lilac ketone Canal.?Thi* undertaking
it not yet finished, hut i* in rapid progrrss.
It* length is 45 mile*, from Worcester,
Mku, to Providence, H. I. 1
3. farming ton Canal.?This is unflnith
ed. Length37 miles, from Nmthampton,
Mum. to New Haven, Con.
4. Nud*m and Jltrlr Canal.?This Is In
operation. Length 360mile., from Albmv
to Buffalo, N, Y.
i. Chaplain Canal.?Com* letcdj length
62 miles, from Albany to White I fall.
9. Oiwtro Cana!.?C?n\\>Ulength
3R miles, from Hallni to Os?*?emtn<? t
?*gth?? Hudson and ILcio catnl with Luke
mfimmk ? ' ? ' j
f. Smtra f'rtn?A-^C^ple?ed?'t?leoetli
SO miles, connecting the wnnra and Cay it
gn Ink*** Mr??h II'mKop and T|e1<? ^nnaV
t. tJeta^areaHit FTui?h cgnal<?kj*ti$\
Stfttstt?'^rvcMur
10. Ctican/ieatc and Defaitarc cart it.?
11. Port DfftotUe canal*?Completedj
length 10 mile*, from Port Deixnitc on the
Huwiuetiannah to the Maryland line. & .
It Chnafieate and Ohio conef.?Tbi*
*m begun on the 4th July, lead when
ground was broken by the President of the,
United Btates. Length MO mite*/ ftW
Georgetown, D, C. to near Pittsburgh,
13* Ohio State canal.?Unfinished j length
8Cd miles trooi Cleveland on Lake Brit to
Hie Ohio, at the month of the (Mot*. 4
14. Miami canal.?UnSolshedi lengtU
365 ro ilen, from Cincinnati to the Mattatec,
near the head of Latei Brie.
If. Lehigh rana/.??Unfii?*died) ItngtH
46 mile*, from Btnddartytfla on thi Lehigh,
tu Bastnn on the Delaware? . .
16. iMtU Schuylkill caval-AM fcngtlt
9 miles from the moutfi of Little 8chayt
Kill river to the coal mines. . '*
17. Conmoga ca*?/-?Length 18 miles
from Lancaster to the mouth of Consstogo
oreek. '' ' ' * ''
18. Schuylkill cabal.?FiuWiedj length
180 miles, from Philadelphia to Mount
Carbon.
10. Union canal.?Finished} length 79
miles, from Herding to Mkldletowo.
30. Penn*$ Ivania canal.?In progress. It
having been commenced at both eitreml
tiesi length 306 mile*, from Middletawn to
Pfubm F .
The three last mentioned canals foi'm
a line from Philadelphia to the Ohio, at
Pittsburg, nnd may be considered jMrteof
the same grant enterprise. ' <?
31. Ohh and Krie canal.-Ax* length;
313 miles, from Pittsburg to Erie, On Lake?
Brie.
22. Delaware canal.?This will mn from
Philadelphia to meet the l>elaware ami
Hudson canal. It has already been begun/
[Fri'to'lltf Boston UtiSeite.T
CENSUS OF SOUTH CARQUKA
H10 f1*? WWteinbabi
1? !^ k0" Urolini hu just been com*
ofu.. .UitT^ss,
Vy0*" ?? ?-l-8 per
heretSi.^^ ratio of incrwue Iihs
From 1790 to 1000, 88 Mr ct. caiii
1800 ? 1810 20 ? ^
1810.? 1820, 18 ? ?
m 1820 * 1829, 61 ?? \*
utat, which tide would bo accellenfted to
jBBSaMaBs
EmssSr
?d ,t 40,000, .?UIW
gpK?'
portion, Uw Moral
'ss.-;mr
Charleston is on
fctsrass?.
fete"?*"!fS&i+T
nurntcTi,
PahrfleM,
Cheaterfleld,
Darlington,
I Richland,
HioktM, 1
Amlenon,5
Cheater,
Abbeville,
Par.
fit Mathcwa,
UnuMcr,
Barnwell,
Marlboro',
Edgefield,
York,
Laurent,
Lexington,
Hpartanburr,
Newberry,
Clarendon, >
Clermont, J
Upper D'.ktrict, 190,308 194,199 30T.6 0
- " * '? -' if' *fi?i 'j* _ _ _
Charlcnton District,
Mam*
Williannlnirg "
Horry
livnufort "
Colleton "
I?ower DiMrirl. 48,561 43,?M
Vppor IM^f
- ? WjSr -
Inrroatfo in $ y#?m, ? iMtt
Mpmm/
A iind PMjrMonnrarv
p<it? about piK??Vwa<t wfcrnd rt
rim, Who (pir? tt it* fkvor ol (fit
? ***?L
Hu m- t. ?m? " / " the thtffgo brfnrt\
ifie rjrre*tton*r/hlioW.u
'I npfKw," mM ?* Quack fothtyf
'th? pulm-r-f hiapationt, "thMfnu thikkm?
ftfiwl.'' Sir," replied th?tick
Rrte'vo you I'lndw^vor I rnttof*
? liW