Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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T% t%* Of . hvnuwu? umhihawjrjh FRIDAY, AUCSU8T 7, l?21> x llo.n u ol lU-.dlii 111 Charleston ha? ikheda notice-that they kno>v of no ? (irrjudicinl to the health of the cltv. >|. J A m Kit W. C4lt tuy, we under*! ami, elcctcd ott Monday hut hy the Mother U in Charleston Ctuhier of tho Uraiuli , auiden. here never wm tin uge in which opln weic put up und pot down as in the ? i vent.. We liato the affectation of talk about the " march of inmd," but truly Immense number of publications at the tent day do give Mich facility to every for publishing hit opinions, that every g which excites public attention get* a tty thorough sifting before it Is done i. Not that we hnve yet arived at ulti ? freedom of enquiry. Much is yet to be e; but vast deal ha* been done. Poor n Quincy, poor prig Everett, poor hyp itio Webster, poor charlatan Henry .y, are you not sad witnesses of the ill of what wc linvo said. Is there oy but ridicules yeu f Ii there on hon nun (who knows you,) but despises i ? Poor vermin of Iho day, who thought a moment the broad possessions of this : land were their own?fir their own indcr riiul c orrupt ion?Ala*, poor Dr. atkins ! lint when vice and corruption is around hew easily t Ue ev'd one enters. But iat a scene : what a mortifying scene to American, to have been in that misera ?? Court, and to have beheld the brave r. Southard?he who has helped to drive im his beloved country the gallant Porter the glory cf his cow-.try? aye, the brave cretary of the Navy, crying and blubber ; like a boy over the unfortunate Dr. atkiug.- and poor Mr. Swunn, whosweon away at the idea of exposing a rogue? fl the pathetic jury, and the learned Court aviegdeep sighs nnd refusing to declare ctfticindlaw?()! how bitter! how bit r! must have been the feelings of an lion t and upright republican to have beheld is disgraceful scene ! were there foreign s there ? God forbid. Healljf we wish ey would let the poor Devil Watkins >:ie. Let u? wipe him from the memory the nation. If is own letter ! 1 was there cr such a letter .* and then to see the lay party identifying themselves in open A' with these inguo, and adhering to cm too <vith a fait it worthy of a better iue.?How much have we to thank Prov ence that Cletu Jackson, at least an lion t mar, has supersccded this hand of Juii han Wilds. Pity there was not a pulit ul llotar.v ll.iv. The . Imrricc. -i ?Vvi/r;/;?whut is i. ? \i;<-\vcr.? If pom men combine to raise iir wa;jc% tl.ey are to be indicted. If rh men eombutc to r.?U? their profits, .i'V i.4u*t be protected by the government. The labor'.ni; ( isses at the North begin ? feel mil pcrccive the truth of the above .-till it ion c.f Mr. Clay'* .system. They avc established in Philadelphia a paper died tlie '? Meehstnies Fico Press"?wc ope it will do i.;uch good, a:id that it will elp to pull down this grc.it political and ionied ar'.iU eiaoy, whic h has been got up > subserve the purposes of a few ambitious ?id wickcd men. Henry Clay, Henry lay, you huts much yet to answer for. Vhilot there remains o-.e atom of spirit at >c South it will be opposed, even unto the tternic.st. Ncvtr, never will we submit to VfTMilMA t UN\ K.NTiON. The iouthorn r in not but feel a cop iiu-.r -Ht in <in* n'H'MionH which will ? npltat.'l tit tho \"irjjirti.i Convention, Iik!i in Ui?:hm<>nd hi October next. >!:?? <>f :.1ji; great object* of that Conven ton is to x*.l??*r the representation in their t.ito legislature. Tin- painc* causes, which ?ndeml tho representation in South Caro ina unequal an.) unjust, and required the intendment of our constitution of 1808, ?iavc operated in Virginia. Tho assign iient ol' r.-pre-entatlTe* to Ihn counties in i?..th rtatrs was originally arbitrary. It ?tits itv<* Ion no sell led prijiciplo, although . t uo doubt had soma reforencc to tho state uf population an ! .he extent of Hurfiien of tho election districts. lint a.*? tho popula tion spread from the s'-;\ board to tho moun tains, tl.ii vrbjlrury ulloUm<nt bwanae most glaringly unequal and unjust. In South Carolina th?* smallest parish noar tho H"a Kiard hail tts numerous a repreaenta tion in tho legislature, as tho largest district < f thoupjior country, which though thinly pooplod when our consti.ution wm origin ally framed, had in IHOfl a morn donse |w? jadation than (ho parishes h-.dow. In Vir uirih tho mine thing has taken place, I though n' t ho rapidly, nor perhaps to tho K.tme e\ter?t. The o\il there has, how ' Vftr, heroine m great, that it cm lie no hunger Itorne, and a convention is called to correct it. Kho is alxatt to do in 1820, nhat South Carolina found it iw?i?nry to do in IPO's. Our state then adopted a prin ciple, which wa* thought correct, and which in practice ha* been found to work wcdl; nnd if any regret* lm v? been expre* aed on tho Mtbjecl, they have Im<ou that the principle had not lieoti extended to the *en nt?a?wel! aw'o the honso of repreaentati', i This prlncip!u wa* promoted to the leghda - ture by Col. Dlanding then a representative ! from K^ralmw district, h> resolution* and t\ apench vxjdaining th* principle* of them. J Ii? plan was adopted in the honso of repre rentativo, (hero jioing but onn dissenting vote. In tho wm-.to it passed unanimously. The principle he nnsumed was that in a ro I'tildic Ac constitution should I* *o framed el)** th? right! ol pr. pt rty ipl of pcraon* -..t-unl fjvquaUy accurvd. 'lliat whero the government U in the hand* o| the poo-, pic l*rsonal rights aro generally well pro-1 tec ted ami the graat ovi!? to bo dreaded an sectional view* and feeling*, which load to unequal and unjust taxation. Every port el' a btato cannot "abound in tbo name arti de: and by a majority delecting for taxa tion du articlo of property hold cldoOy by the minority, a mont unjunt burthen may be imposed, and ouo part of (ho community alone taxed to the entire exoneration of tho otl."r. To prevent this evil it wti proposed that taxation should form one of the element! of representation, and to ao cupu personal rights, population should form tho other element. Tho plan ofibr ed, therefore, wan tliat a census of the white population of tho Mate should ho taken every ton yearn, and that tho direct taxes paid in each district during the last ton yoir* should ho reported by tho comptroller general: and that for tho next ten year* the fixed representation of 184 monitors should bo apportioned among the several election district*, hy assigning one half of the rep resentative* to their white population, and the other half to their taxation thus ascer tained. The effect of this provision, it wns xupjKMcd, would to this: Ono half of tho representation being assigned to imputa tion. personal right* would to amply se cured, and tho other half being assigned to taxation would prevent partial burthen*, or at least would provido tho means of re moving them. Thus if an article held in one section of the state alone, should to ex clusively taxed for ten year.i, for tho next ton, it would transfer half tho representa tion of tho fctate to tho district* composing that section, which with its white popula tion would Rive that section a preponder ance in tho-legislature, and thus the unjust burthen* which had toon ini|>o.y:d, would confer tho power to remove them. One part of the state might hold most of the slaves, and should an attempt to made to tax them olone, tho result would be that that part of the state would ut tho next ap|Mirtionnient herontc tho repository of all political power and would repeal tho tax. Or suppose ono section of tho country should to peopled exclusively by white*, anrl tho whole revenuo of tho state should be raised by a poll tax on them, on the system proposed, this very act of tyranny would transfer to them sufficient political power to cast ofl tho burthen. In fact every unjust sectional tax would take pow er from those who imposed it ami confer it on tho sufferers. T1?o*h were the \ iews presented in the legislature, ami w hich induced them to in corporate into their constitution tlio provi sion, that in distributing the representa tives among the several districts of the state every ten years, one half should l>e assigned to taxation and the other halt to white population. Taxation huro wu?not regarded as the index of pro|?erty, hut the contrary. It wax to Im> represented for tliu soli! reason, that it might not indicate wealth, but might be unjustly imposed without regard to the ability of tlio person taxed to pay it. We ore no well satisfied with thin princi-' pie of representation, that we can nee no rrason why Virginia should not adopt it. It i* equally applicable to that state as to South Carolina. In fact we consider it the true, principle pf representation in every free government. It is unfortunate, in our opinion, that it could not form the Imkh of the representation of the union; but die cvanescent and deceptive nature o( indirect taxation evadea the reach of thin principle. Imports form the syRtom of taxation of tho t50ncr.il government. Those aro ultimate ly paitlhy tho consumer, although collect od at the custom house from tho iiuptrter. The person, or Miction of country that Warn the liurthon, cannot, thcrofore, he designa ted. South Carolina may pay the t*x which the government cdllect* ?.n New York. This kind of taxation cannot, therefore, form the l?a*is r<f representation Irotn the uncertainty of the utate that pay* it. lint could it he rendered certain, and be represented, the south would not Im: long burthened with Ihn Tariff. If the southern state* could obtain a representa tion in Congress equal to the burthens tlioy hear, they would have none hut themselves to hluine. if the turifl continurd after tho next census. In fact under such a system of representation, it never would have been imposed. The dread of loosing pow er, would have restrained that injustice, which now lays on its burthens with im punity, and while it oppr??s*es, destroy*, find oppression parted with power by its exercise, it would have held its hand, lest in its tnrn it should become weakncsa. Tho constitution of South Carolina, as far as dirfct taxation la concerned, has this sa lutary principle, and says to the oppres?or, " cease, lest yon become the oppressed"? It makes justice and foihcarancc true poli ry, and restrains the motive to oppression, where Iho disposition to it exints. We have been induced thus to illustrate the principles of our state representation, with the view to a consideration of vast importance to the south. Virginia is now Incoming tho frontier of tho slave holding states; and tho security of our pro|w?rtjr here In some measure depends on her con tinuing to be so. No# it will Ik- soon by hite pifhlicationii, that in the wontern part of that state a spirit of omaitcipntk>n ia ma nifesting itself. Petition* to tho conven tion are circulating for signature*, praying for tho moderation of tho question of im mediate or gradual emancipation. We are not under any apprehension that the con vention will adopt either of thea* measures.' Our frar* are of another kind. If popula tion alone should form tho basts of Virgin ? representation, although phoold be dircctly prohibited by her new constituti- a?yet the time may cwm, and perhaps al bo dWut period, whan the we*tern part of that Male having thus ob tained political power, may throw all the burthens of government on the slave hold er* of eastern Virginia* and compel them to emancipation to avoid the taxes with I which thoir slaves are burthened. On any |arbitrary plan of representation this state' of thin km may arise. But on the South Ca rina principle, it can never happen. Let Virginia give to her election district*a rep resentation founded on population, sod tax ation in equal proportions, and every at tempt to tax the eastern part of that state into emancipation must fkil. The weal may impoxe a temporary burthen, bet by doiug so it will part with power, asd the vast will rixo in its strength and cast off the oppression. But even this supposable caso will never happen. The facility of the remedy will forever provent any at tempt to inflict tho injury. THE POWER OF PARDONING. On (hid subject the Charleston Mtrcury some time since commenced by remarking on Uic conductof hid Excellency Got. Mii er, ** that Gov. Miller had commuted the punUhnwpt in Hinson'a case for iy KonH which Who satisfactory," hut upon re flection, the Ireif^Ktahle Editor, "doubted whether the executive posse?sed (he pow rr to commute punishment. The constitu tion invest* him cloarly and unequivocally with the power to (tanlon or reprieve?but it ii totally tUent ufion the tubject of commu tation." Wo noticed at tho time that tho question wan not stated in tho furin we should have chosen, but a* we supposed the Editor really only winliod to elicit all the information on tho Kuhject which the importance of the power demanded, we puldiidicd the whole of the case of the Stato vs. Fuller, wliich wo wor? authorised in snp|>osing the community was tvnt well informed of, inasmuch as it ap|>eared that the Editor of the Mercury wan not aware of it. In publishing that case, we made but very few romurl*. We certainly ex pected that in as much as tho editor of the Mercury had represented tho conduct of the Governor as most extraordinary in turn ing legislative powt-rs, a ml disregarding the laws of tho land, (hat when this case was brought to his attention, that ho would have given to hit numerous subscribers, especially in tho'lower part of the stato who do not take /bis naiwr. an onnnrltini ty of reading thf opinion of the connf itu- , tional court au ft the very question whir It the editor of tie Mercury had ch<men to rai*o to the (IMIvnntaKP, or at leant at the expcn*o of hf Kxcellencv. That ^ov. ernor Miller *|ould have had the miftfur tune to differ from the editor of the Mercu ry. inuity political qurNtioiiH.'iMji matter which hi* friend* may or may "?>* ????*<.?. hut that hi* opinion on a eonxt itutional ques tion, (having the court of?ppeal* ol*o on hi* side) *hou|d he regarded W o* ?h having rather more weight than t\at of the editor of the Memiry i? a mattfr^which appear* to im in (hit fiart ?frhr 4?vrnru a* father oneofcourxc. Hut the w#i|cht Gov. Mil ler'* legal opinion* raff' not he *o well known to the reader*^Ihe Mercury, we | thinV t'-?refore that vr hare M>me caune of i regret to perceive /no cour*e pur*ued by the Mercury in onftting ?o repuhliwh the j caan of the Htat* r*. Fuller, a* that ca?e j wa? puhllahcd iy the Teleffcope without* attv rea?oninff U tho mihiect n* rnnrlii?!v<? I of tho question On the contrar ? the Mor cury haw merol republished (lit f?w worda used in callinMie attention of .?ur readers to this rase aslie answer ** nt no ordinary length, by thJOdtimbla Telescope, 8cc." Hut the objrfet the Mercury was mere 1y tn "erctttntltuttion." nnd having; ex cited it, prete?|to republish nil that bus been aald, nndfrsooth, thinks it of no im portance to pMh what the court of ap peals hnsutitlid then comfort* himself bv concludlngUer raising all thin outcry) that "if Gowibr* shall be satisfied that they really the power to substitute one specics nf Mshmcnt tor another, we shall be as wllW aw any to do justice to their motive# aMo bow to their dcctaton. If on thecontraW shall Induce caution in the excrniaeof ? a power, tAr gmLf ob jrct%whlth we hmi starting the^Rqulry, will be fully ansAd," To this we have only to say, th?he?rvcr the Governor needs to he insited on constitutional question*,or to bet upon hi*caution in the exercise of any on legitimate powers, we have little doubt A he will expect it from his friends, ainonjiich we do not think the editor of the feurv is ranked, and as to hi* public condl he Invites every en quiry and discussil.no matter with what motive the tilncthn tnay 'ms excited, whether merely fihe love of discussion, r for any ?roml t^ht of " inducing cau tion in the cxi-rrisflhi* powers." The Mercury *4r< convicted upon re cord of dcclarh.g tf lie c onstitution was profoundly silent it and In denying, a power, Riven by ems words, and sup |H>rted by the entlraich In thla state. One word In rtpli to the expediency to which the Mer<l most dexterously shifts his argument, jthe power to com mnte or pardon on be clearly given, what was the object lying it except for such cases a* tllnaol VVai is It to re main a dead letter? lie time the consti tution was adopted Irimlnal code w?? pretty much the aao& it now Ic. We think the very object ?>)* clause of the constitution wtf to enl the Governor to apply audi punishmeiL might meet the meri'.s of the crime, j Governor repre sents the ptoplf. HeL by vlrttie of * power from a source higher than the legis lature. He wm invested with th? power to not the taw aside and pardon Hlnsoo. He hat the power to perdon him on term** or mahe it Us choice to receive a Whipple* or he QMkjr hove permitted him to be htat* ed. In this cose, whieh ought to have been |done? Which course would the Mercury hare pursued? If he had been hung, hu manity would have revolted, and hia exe cution would have been e reflection upon the taw* He would haye pardoned him unconditionally we suppose. Then petty cases of forgery would go unpunished. They would be legitimated. The Gover not having the power, applied the correc tive principle. Ho did what a parent would have done to a reprobate son. He did what a master would have done to an abandoned Apprentice. He applied the hind of pun ishment used to reform, in the tendercst re lations in life. He considered himself rep resenting the sovereignty of the people, and he did what the morel sense of the com monwealth, we think, fully approve. Major Sylvester Churchill of the U. 8. army, haa been appointed commissioner by thu Secretary of War, on the part of tho U. 8. and Caleb Clarke fioq. of Winntboro', ha* boon appointed by the Governor, com missioner on the part of South Carolina, to assess tho value of Mount Dearbon, accord ing to tho proviwiouu of an act of Congress pawed 3rtl March last. LITERARY. A new work called " DevereuX" by the author of Pelham (a Mr. Bulware wo be lieve) in announce 1. A new life of Francis tho lat in two vo lumes 8 vo. has been published. The 10,11 and 12 volumes of Sisniondis history have been issued from tho press; there will beat least twenty volume*. A now life of Luther in German is men tioned: we hope it corrects the numerous glaring inaccuracies in tho common biog raphies of tho reformer. Turner's history of England is still in publication; it is in point of research far su perior to all proceeding works on the same subject. The great French Biographical Dictiona ry iscompleted in fifty-twooctavo volumes: The editor intends publishing a supplement which will include tho lives of such |>cr sons as have died since the commencement of the work, or who have been omittod, and correct whatever errors have boen de tected. Tho new editon of Boswell's life of John son contains great addition of original mat ter. The Encyclopedia Londinonsis has been completed in 2-1 volumes. The new edition of Milford's history of Greece is proceeded by a lifo of tho author Irom ?ho pen of his brother Lord Redes dale. Mr. Todd, the editor or Juh? ?nn *? Dic tionary, has published^ lifo of Archbishop Cranmer. The history o'.? ae Huguenots during the sixteenth century by W. 8. Browning has corrected several of tho inaccuracies of tliat partial and inexact historian Lingard. Angelo Maiisstillextractingfrom the pa limpsests fragments of Greek and Roman authors yet dreadfully mutilated?a torso now and thon, but more generally noses, Angers and tow. The new edition of Waverly Novels, " revised and corrected, with a general pre face, an introduction to each novel, and notes historical and illustrative by the au thor," will b? completed in forty volumes 18 vo. of about 400 pages each. It will bo printed in the very !>cst manner, hot press ed, and enriched with beautiful engravings after the most eminent painters, at Ave shillings a volume. t'hampollion is toiling with great success on tho hieroglyphicN and antiquities of Egypt and Nubia: Ho has collected more than 000 drawings. IVorka iutt published or in the courte e/ tlubiteathni from the l.ondon Literary Gazette of May. Memoirs of the administration of the right Hon. Henry Pelham: chiefly drawn from family documents and illustrated with ordinal correspondence never before pub lished: hy the Rev. Archdeacon Coxe. 2 vols. -to. The Chelsea Pensioners, by the author of the " Subaltern." The l*ecturcH on the Elements <?f hiero glyphics of tho Marquis Spineto. Tales of the wars of our times, by the author of " Recollections of the Peninsula." 2 vols. Ho. Straton Hill; a tale of the civil wars By the author of " Letters from the EnM." Ktc. 3 rots. Ho. The New Forest- hy tho author of " Brambletye House-" 3 vols. l<ord King's life of John Locke, with ex tracts from his correspondence, journals and common-place book. Memoirs of I *ady Fanshawe, wife of the right honorable Sir Richard Fanahawe, tmhasNador from Charles II to the Court of Madrid. Written by henwlf and now firat |>ubliahed from the original MS. Travela in Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, Pa latine, Icc. by R. R. Madden. Richelieu, a novel, S vol*. Narrative of a journey Aqm Calcutta to | Korope, by way of Egypt In 1*97-6: by Mrs. Ijuahington. An anlyais of the Phenomena of the hu- < nanmind by J?m~ Mill, wrtkorof" His- 1 tofv ofBiitUi India," 44 Political Boono my,?kc. 8 vols. 80. ? Mohoinetanism unveiled: by the Rev. OharkeFocslor. 44 The learning, reeearch, ud great ability with which (hi* exten sive enquiry N pursued, entitle the author to take hie rank with oar T\irner*a and Halhnw, our Sou thy *s and Liagards." The University Magaxine, No. 1. by the studente ef the University of London. King Alfred'a Saxon version of Boethi us, with an English translation and notes: by J. 8. Cardale. Tho Will of King Alfred; Saxon and English with notes and a preface. The Chronicle of Geofty do Villehar douin, trannlated, with notes and a pre face. A gentleman travelling in the upper country was met by the Inn-keeper an old acquaintance, with extravagant expres sion* of joy and kindness?The morning after, our traveller was in great difficulty whether ho should dare to ofler pay to one who received him in such a friendly manner or not, and commenced, with great embar rassment to my, " My dear sir I know not how I can recompense your hospitality"? " Oh sir," said mine host, " I am no ways partiklar, north or south money is all one to mo." SKCRET.4RTS OFFICE, \ .iugutt 4, 1829. 5 orrtciAL. Iletum of <b? Ctusua ol 1829,of lb? Upp*r 4om Dittridi. .NV ?//??? v kite inhabitant* Fairfield, . - 9,470 Cli??terfiold, 0,189 Darling ton, 6,880 Kerehaw, 4,922-Camdcn, 004 Union, 11,047 Greenville, 11,400 Richland, 6,064-Colunibia, 1,931 Pickens, 11,448 Andervon, 12,297 Chester, 10,622 Abbeville, 14,022 O ran go Parish, 4,947 ) Orangb'g St. Mathews do. 2,170 5 District, 7,117 Lancanter, 6,050 Barnwell, 8,717 Marlborough, 8,708 Edge field, 14,060 York, 10,978 Laurens, 13,701 Lexington, 6,211 Snartanburgh, 16,22? Newberry, 10,062 Clarendon Co. 8,146 > Sumter Clareniont, 6,824 ) District, 8,970 TOTAL. 207,039 Right of initruction.?We have noticed with regret a communication in the Rich mond Enquirer making an attack u|>oii a very excellent article iu the American Quarterly, agaimt the pretended right of instructing members; especially members of Congress. For some time past we have observed the gvadual operation of the idea that the representative of each state it com pelled to obey the instructions of their con stituents; and it has been carried so far that Senators of the U. State* havo taken their in the r?piwl ami actually voted for measures which they believed to be mis chcivous and unconstitutional, because they pretend they feet themselves bound by their instructions?and in some of these cases, we have heard that the instruction* have been drawn up by the Senator himself and submit ted tothe state legislature through the inter vention of a friend. What is the cause and consequence of nil this? We do not hesi tate to say, intrigue, bargaining, corruption and. perjury itself. For what member dares vote for a measure which In his heart he thinks unconstitutional, either to gratify his own state, or for his own political agran dixcmetit without commiting gross and wil ful perjury. It is an abominable system. We enter our solemn protest against it as an anti-republican doctrine, as a dangerous scheme against the constitutional rights of the states?as subversive of onr federal system, and prostrating the constitution be fore the ever varying interest ami feelings of the majority. We think that Senator of the United States, who will confessedly vote for a measure whieh he thinks uncon stitutional bocsuse he has been imtrutud by hit ttate, should be expelled from that body, which onght to be the most pur* and august body in the world. Whilst on this subject we cannot but no tice that certain members of our own Le gislature, who upon their solemn oaths vot ed for Judge Smith'a and Dr. Rnmsay's reso. j lotions, declaring in the most forcible man ner the unconstitutionality of appropriations by the general government for purposes of internal improvement, have been the first ?aye, the first from our state to go as lob by members to Congress to pray atvappro priation for that purpose in this state, and that too for the benefit of a private company, of which wc understand these persons were members. Can such men any longer rep resent the people of South Carolina? We would say more, but that we really think H a subject worthy of the attention of the legislature. '1 hat body has the coastitu tional power and ought to keep Itself pure. We h*ve said before that we thought it would disgrace ? Carolina meiaber to pre sent the petition. We may say more on this subject hereafter. In the mean time It may be well to let people know how they stand hereabouts Th* Ploee*e, oftHeeb, ?ftimates fh? annual Inerwesa of th# population of M.nt ?t?t?, ff?m [?lalftrHlon aloe*, *1 18,000 for Ik* test three or Tour ymn. We are requested to state for the in formation of thoee who wiah to procure eertiieatee of oAeial character to aend ?broad, from the Bxecothre Department, ibat the proper ptaee to apply for ??*# a *attfc<>oAc?oft?? Secretary of flute COMMUNICATIONS. "TARIFF. Among the objections to the American System of protecting duties, the public have not yet been sufficiently aware of iu operation on the working put of the com* munity, tho opubativkd. It introduces not merely a monied am toe - raey where capitalists awl rich me* easreaee their rieheeet the expense of the Weed and bones, the labour of the poor, but it intro duces also a stato of political dependence, which the operative cannot eeeily get rid of. A men simielb?id for yean to the HnHsff labours of one branch of a manufbc ture, as spitting, or weaving; or dyeing, or printing, becomes in a few years inea pablo of changing hie pursuits, and must rely on the continued employment of his employer. He who owes his dsily bread to another, becomes dependant on that other in all respects. He has no will that he dare exercise in opposition to his em ploy er; ho must vote ss his employer votes; he becomes a political dependent, or be is turned out to starve. It introduces irremediablo poverty, where the demend for the articles which he maau&etures, greatly dlminishss Un able suddenly to turn to another employ ment, he (the operative) Is content to work at length for wages that will barely keep life and eoul together. This is the case, at this day, and has beet the cam for many years back with many hundreds of thou sands working manufactures in Great Britain.' Sometime* to encresso their profits, tho muter manufacturers go upon a well-un deistood nyatciu of gradually depressing the wages of the operatives. The work men turA Out for encreaae of wages, as wo hoc by the last paper*, has been and now is the case at Manchester, Stockport, Bams |oy, lie. he. But the combined purse of the masters is always superior to tho efUtts of the operatives paralysed by their poverty. When this does not succeed, tho opera* tives art) indicted for combining to raita wage*; a system which has been carried to an extent so revottiug in Great Britain, that an act of Parliament has been lately passed to modify tho evil, But when aru tho master-manufacturer* punished for combining to lovttr wages! The system of indicting the journeymen for such com binations, and convicting and punishing under tho iirhish laws, and in tho true ty rannical spirit of the British system, has been adopted in this country; and tho ille gality of such combinations determined in the CoriNhtinwr's ease tried before Mr. Re corder Levy at Philadelphia. In fact, the whole tendency of this far f?mod American System is not merely to impoverish all patties without exception iu tho long run, but to bring the poor under tho absolute dominion of tho rich. No wonder such deceptive politicians as H. Clay, and such heavy-headed reasoners as Mr. Adams and Mr. Rush, and groat capi talists ltk? Matthew Carey, should be in favor of this system which increases the power of the powerful, and the riches of the rich, and the poverty of the poor?but that real Americans, lovers of liberty and equality in all their rights and institutions, should be in fcvour of it, is truly astonish ing. The price of Wool and the market for wool, were wonderfully tobe encreased by .this system: how is the &et1 Was not tho actualfresult clearly foreseen and foretold at the first meeting in this town of Columbia'! ANTMtARlFF. MILL CREEK ACADEMY. Tho examination of the pupil* of thin In Htitution took pace on the lat inst in tho pretence of the patron* and a very respect able audience; which reflected much honor upon the scholar*, and their indefatigable preceptor, Mr. John M'Crea. This Aca demy is situated in Fairfield District, near Winnsborough, and has many advantages as to health and cheapness of living. It may bo considered a good English school, and the result of the late examination proves beyond doubt that Mr. M'C'rea is well qualified to instruct in Orthography, English Grammar, Geography, History snd Arithmetic, and its various branches. Mr. Edmonds, the principal of the Mount /ion Academy, by invitation, attended and took much interest in the examination, and expressed himself highly pleased with the evidence it ftirnished in favor of tho Institution. Really every good citixen ought to re joice at ?? tho march of intellect." Tho means of education is now to be found in every part of our country. The excuse no longer exists, " we have no school in our neighbourhood," and to other causes by no means honorable, must we look hereafter, should any nf the rising generation bo found, who shall not understand the com* mnn rudiments of sn English education. Who does not feel a sympathy for that man, who when called upon to write his name, replies11 ht eannot?" Must not he who can only make a 14 (cross,) or mark to his bond or will, fael a degree of shame far his own ignorance! I* It not enough to make a child reproach his parent or guar dian-with cruel and unpardonable neglect ! Hut why speak of the importance of edu cation! Nothing is more universally ad initted?it inofiotltlvc good?it tends more to character, propriety and happiness, then sny thing this side of heaven. Remember this parents and guardians, and patronise schools by tho sdnsstion of your children. Remember (Ms ligldMns and men of wealth, and serve yout country