Columbia telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1819-1821, May 15, 1829, Image 1
^_
By D. W. SIMS, state pmuter. COLUMBIA, S. C. MAY 15, 1829. Vol. XV No. 20.
wmmmmmn , nini,.i??i?1 Lueagaeaaw
PUBLISHED EVERT FRIDAY MORNING!
TERMS?T*rte Dollmrtftr aaaM, f?jfmktt ?4
mJuMCt, or Four Dollar, ptgabli ml thttndof
IM|Mr.
ADVERTISEMENTS IhmH/4 * Ike vsvml rat to.
Columbia, ftf.Cj 25,1839.
To the Hon. Chancellor Desausmiret
Dear 8m?I take great pleasure in re
plying to your enquiries concerning the Lu
natic Asylum; ana the more so, because eve
ry thing pertaining to its nature, character
and prospects, seems to be but little under
stood bp r..any, an?l by others singularly mis
apnfweMM*'
As to the building itself* I have no hesi
tation In saying, thnt in point of splendour
of appearance, and ot internal arrangement
for the safety and comfortable accommoda
tion of lunatic*, it will bear a comparison
with any similar establishment on the conti
nent. The chambers and dormitories are
well ventilated, and eaually adapted for
moderating the cold of winter, and the heat
of summer. And as regards the airing and
cxertUing grounds?the elevation ami sub
stantial character of the surrounding wails
for the aecuritv and seclusion of the inniatci.
I have seen nothing equal to them at any
other Asylum in tnU country. A* to the
misrepresentation concerning the cost of this
institution, to which you allude, it is extra
ordinary that any one should have permitted
himself to beoo grossly mistaken on a subject
of so public a nature; since an easy refercncc
to the public acts of ot.r Legislature, within
the l ist five or six years wotdd huve enabled I
him to have arrived ot tlic truth of the fact.j
Instead of 5400,000, the sum assumed by that|
writer, the whole appropriations appear by ,
the certificate of the treasurer,to have been1
something less than ?74,000.
I would be unwilling to draw comparisons
that might appenr invidious, but when I
hear so many complaint* of the extravagant
expenses of this Asylum, I cannot refrain
from a remark ortwo which ought to place
this mktter more than at rest, with the mott
rigid economists.
The Bloomingdalc Asylum of New-York,
cost $200,000. It is constructed to contain
or accommodate about 160 lunatics. Our*
cost less than $75,000, and is calculutcd to
accommodate about 109 lunatics. The
Hlooiningdale Asylum is in no part, except
its walls, fire-proof?its ceilings arc not
arched, and its roof is of shingles. The Ca
rolina Asylum has its ceilings substantially
arched with brick?ita roof is of copper,
am} It therefore is completely fire-proof.
From this comparison, which might be ren
dered m?re minute in favor of cmr Asylum,
it must be at once pcrceivcd, that it is by
far the least costly building ol the two; and
we hazard but little in saying that it is the
cheapest public building in the United
Mates. It is but justice to say that the
Ktonmingdatc Asylum is a noble building,
but it whs built of stone before the quarries
were so extensively opened as they ure now,
and they then paid 52 per foot for such stone
u* Will now be delivered at 75 ccnttper foot,
hut moreover, there is another view of the
auhject that is well calculated to silence the
clamours of the mo?t parsimonious. The
Carolina Asylum is the property of the state.
The Legislature of New-York liberally
gave aa a sheer donation to an incorporated
society $'&Af,000 for the purposes of that
establishment?and consequently his now
no property In it, nor controul over It. The
State of Pennsylvania and also of Maryland,
made large donations from time to time for
the same purposes; nevertheless, if our Le
gislature nad bestowed its money ns u dona
tion, for the sole benefit of a few individuals,
there might have been some more plausible
grounds lor clamor and complaint.
On the subject of accommodation, expen
ses, ice. of the lunatics, I remark generally,
that subject* arc received at from fflo to
5500 per annum They are received at
rates according to the accommodations and
attendance that may be required by their
friends, and stipulated by the regent*. For
paupers of our own State }fJ0 Is exacted,
clothing and every other ex|H-n!.e included.
For pay .patient*, where no extraordinary at
tendance is required bvthe friends, the'cost
rs^l jC> per annum. When it is rerfoim' to
provide a private keeper or genteel com
panion (besides the common keepers) and
separate and better tables for either sex,
the highest charge as yet has been JoGo.
The accommodations are substantially good,
clean and wholesome; ami every kindness
and indulgence is systematically extended
towards the patients that their cases will
(jcrinit. The regents have been fortunate
n obtaining u sunerintet.dent. lie appear*
to be happily calculated for the offi' e. He
is humane, kind, intelligent, and fuin, and a
man of established integrity.
The Asylum went into operation in list
December. There have been nine subject >
received, the majority of whom were taken
troin jails, where they have been Ivin^ for
? ears, some lodged there for murder, and
others to prevent acts of violence. Su? :.,o!il
cases ot insanity must, for the most parr; be
considered as incurable. Hut it is m vn the
delightful already to witi,e>>s the influ
ence of the mere moral discipline ?.f the
house upon them. They came here turbu
lent, irascible, violent, and some of them
even dangerous. They are already a well
regulated and subordinate littje community,
and actually exhibit a considerable share of
?elf government. They occupy their own
rooms?the large corridors?and the airinjr
grounds In good weatjier, as they plea*", un
der the eve of their keepers. Tin y t ike
their rneulsdecer.ilv and ingo?4nrdi??p-1.?>
at nine-pins and other sports, and really
?":etn to enjoy thimsflve. remarkably well.
The medical treatment consist* chiefly,!
but not exclusively, In a systematic plan of
moral regimen. The government of the
house I* a system of kindne ss. Mo restraint
?no privation is Inflicted but from absolute
necessity?nor then* without explaining the
reasons of it in the earnest and kindest man
ner, and exhibitlng-our reluctance in the per*
formance ot it. The influence of this treat*
mcnt, in a short time, is really wonderful t
and if they are absolutely incurable* their
existence Is thereby rendered comparative*
!y tolerable.
The bounty of our state in this work of
beneficence, Is beginning to be duly appre
ciated, not only by ourselves, but by our sis*
ter states, as is manifested by their already
beginning to seek this Asylum, more eligible
both from its climate and proximity, than
the distant Asylums of the north.
It is yet awhile greatly to be lamented,
that our citisens do not seem sensible of the
unspeakable importance of seeking this Asy
lum for their friends in the very ftrM Mane
of the malady. It is, then, n curabic din
ease in a great majority of cases, c*pcc?aliy
under the facilities of a well regulated Am -
lum. Old inveterate cases are seldom, so.
With sentiments of high respect 1 nnO
dear sir, your most obedient servant,
JAMES DAVIS
MISCELLANEOUS
A letter in the New York Commercial
from London, dated in February Jaw:, from
the pen of un American, contains the fol
lowing:
I Depend upon it, meatnres in retaliation of
' our tarifflire in hand. 1 am a* well convinc*
i cd of the fact aw if 1 had seen the sovereign'*
signature to the Htututc that helore the riling
of the present parliament, Mr. Hu&kissou's
! well remembered pledge to the merchant*
ot Liverpool will he redeemed. The lows
to Great liritnin of a further fraction of the
American trade, could he amply met by
anothcr slight innovation 011 the chartered
privilege* of the Knst India Company.?
L'he impetus given to the export of cotton
good* to ilcngal by the act of Parliament a
few yearn wince, hat turned the eyea of both
statesmen and merchants to that quarter
of the earth, aw a market lot* future manu
factures.
Fraud* in cotton.?It in high time that
the factors and merchants nt the south,
should devise some means by which to put
an end to the increasing number uud extent
of frauds in the packing of cotton. Several
cases have occurred lately in this city where
'the loss of the holder has been very great.
1 In one instance lately, 19 bales of Alabama
cotton were told by sample, the quality of
which was good, while on examining the
interior of the hales they were found 10 con
tain not only inferior cotton but ttxtecnjiun
drcd ftounda of teed. Several instances
have also occurred of fraudulent packing in
(?uorgia cotton where the interior was mere
trash, while the outer lay tis ov/ilaited por
tion, exhibited as handsome cotton nt any ? f
that crop in market. Formerly it was a
subject of reproach to North Carolina, that
her cotton wns hardly cleaned, of poor quali
ty?and fraudulently packed with large
stones, feeds, and other trash; but of late
years the quality and condition of the nrticlc
from that state has been preferred i?v many
to the crops of uplands from other states.
This no doubt wa* brought about by the
ente of merchant* and agents in iccciving
the produce from tbe planters, keeping a
register ot their names and of the marks and
gins, so that prompt redress could he had
in ease any fraud shoulil cscapc during the
hurry ot huvness. It is highly important
for shippers to this market that something
should lie done in the markets complained of,
as It is now settled law that a mile by unit/u'e
1$ a xoarrunty.?A*. V. Mercantile .1d: ,
Interesting to .Imerlean cultivator* of to
bacco.?At a late annual meeting of the old
' Hath and West of Kngland Society,' a Mr.
Hannlng brought forward a motion respect
ing the cultivatora of Tobacco in Jingtund.
He Mtid the cultivation of that plant in Kng
land was at present prohibited by u law
which was passed for the protection of the
North-American eoloniisj and th.it if the
cultivator of it were permitted, it would
iprove extremely useful to the British agri
] culturalist, as he knew from his own experi*
, c-ncc, that it might be grown in this country
j as readily as 011 the continent, Heconclua
ed by moving that the socicty should apply
to the minister*, ami request the laws res
pecting Cie growth of tobacco to be repeal
ed* ns*'ae growth of it in Kngland weuid be
a means of preparing the ground for wheat.
The motion was second id and m.ai..;. ouwlv
carried.? stincrtcrni J-urmtr.
srini r ?.r uahvi/.N'd.
Thertd?m?rixe of the ci'acn* ot MatyiaT-d
is not only displaying itself in the Ohio nod
Su?qnehantif;h H'rl Hwfo but in the inror*
porationof Companies, for the improvement
of commerce ai d Agrit'dt?jr?\
Thev havectablis'ieda Cantor. Cow/mm/
in Baltimore, whose cap'.;..! *to? k i?. t>> ' onsise
of 'JO.OOOjdiares if Ifi'-'i ?aeh, amounting to
$7,000,000' Sid)'ci iptiou hooks w ere open
ed on Tuesd.'iv week? *in?I the amount sub
K'i'ib*(l on the fira iUy, w,s about ?500,00'",
large addition* "o the list were subsequent I y
made.
The Maryland Legislature has also incor
porated a Company (,,r the cultivation of the
Vine with a capital ot ?12000. Thepbjec.t*
of the company Hrtt"i?'r?lii< e and ttif sn
'he general and skilful culture of the Vine ;
and ' hold such lands ami real au?l person;1
'?state*, ami crec* vr.h Works and establish
ments, us msv he pr<>pcr for oilti rating, iin
moving, gat lie ling, preparing and pieser
? ing the grape, as also for tl.c manufacture
and ures^tratlon of wjne.'
* *
The following article wii written by Dr.
Thomas Coonca, President of the Bouth
Carolina College, in Philadelphia,before he
had made any arrangement* or entertained
any expectation of removing to the southern
Mates. It it, perhaps, the ftrtt article be
fore the public, in which the right of Con*
grow to pats law* for the exclusive purpose
of protecting domestic manufactures, was
discussed and disputed. Attempts have of
ten been made to iuvuliUate the authority of
Dr. Coofier'a name and to parry the force
of hit reasoning upon this subject, by sug<
getting his inconsistency, and chaiging a
time-serving changc of opinion ill order to
suit the citcuinstancesof his position. Thi*
is the common artifice of those who feel them
wlvcs unable to answer the argument. We
have transferred thin article to our columns
h? well because it ia an act of ju*ticc to the
author, a* bcc.ime wc believe it will he
ii-cad with interest by our subscribers.?[Ed.
[Tkl.] J
SvMi-'roni lli? " Amlfrllr Magitiinn," Vol. XIV,
ol July. 1810.]
Aut. V.?American Manufacture?.
Bv Thomas Coopkr.
[The public attention is. ut procnt very
touch attracted by the question, every
where discussed, whether heavy imposts,
amounting to a prohibition, ought not robe
laic! .mi foreign manufactures, for the pur
|in?e of giving effectual encouragement to
our own. The subjict requires very enre- j
ftil and impartial investigation, and sup
plies peihaps the only question of nntiou
td policy that now divides the opinions of
our citizens.
That the manufacturing establishments of
our country may besucccssful in, or ought |
to hi, the wish ?<f every American ; but
by wiint meaiii their prosperity is to be
secured without injury to the agricultural
uttd commercial classes, it is not very easy
to determine, Communications on both
siilcs have been offered for insertion in
this journal, and as the ft rut desideratum
is to have th?* matter well discussid, we
shall, maintaining a pel feet neutrality,
give iiiM it ion to b<?ili. .And wc commence
with the essay which follows, because it
was the first received, and also because
the opposite argument having been lately
given \ erv fully to the public in the ad
dresses "f the 'Philadelphia Society for
the promotion of National Industry ^ our
readors may be disposed to see what can
be said in snppoit ol the system hither*o
iii favor)
The papers in Philadelphia, are crowded
with cvtays in support of the system of en
couraging our mnaufurtun-s at brine, and
prohibiting by hi|.'h duties the importation
of manufactures from abroad ; and we aie
jrravely referred to the examples of Kiusia,
Portugal, and other European nations, to
persuade us to adopt a measure, whit h (fit
K.. I ..II > - . - L- - ?? ?
w- IM Hll| UU^IIl IU IJV MUI JIUU (in
motive* and reasons exclusively of domestic
manufacture?ai iking from the existing cir
cumstnnccs of our own nation.
I have no objection to concede many ad
vantages as arising from iho system recom
mended : for instance
It will furnish employment for many idle
people in our *en port town* 1 ami for many
ivnmer. and children in cur cities who np
pear to want such a resource.
It will answer the purpose of nn increased
population, hy substituting the force of ma
chinery for the force of men.
It will increase greatly all the motives to
acquire useful knowledge among us ; a
knowledge of mathematics and mechanics
for the construction of mn? hiucrv ; r.nd a
knowledge c.f chemistry lor devirirg and
conducting the innumerable chemical pro
cesses* upon which the great manui.K.tuics j
depend. Such a* those of gold, silver, and'
platinn, for plating, gilding, silvering, platt -
nating?those of topper, brass, tin, antimo
ny, cobalt?the almost innumeiahle proces
ses connected with iron and steel manufac
tures from the ore to the finished article?
the blenching, <lyeing, and printing of wool
len and cotton goods?the mimnficturc of
paper hangings, chemical (lings, potter)'
war*, clasvware,, fo>:. Ccr. all of which will
create such a demand for the knowledge ne
cessary to the pursuit and improvement of
all these branehes of manufacture, that a
man must wilfully shut bis eve*to these ad
vantages, who can venture to deny them.?
The time will come ere many year* shall
have possed nv/ntr, in which the low value
and gtcat abundance r.f taw material, the
increased capital and population of ttic
country, the iiigh price of land, and theb?w
profit of agricultural employment*, will
gradirdly tfinpt capital into manufacture?, I
and place them on a permanent basis. Hut
in my opinion that state of things is yet at a
distune.' ; and a manufacturing nystcm is ns
yet, premature. To be permanent, it nyisi
be brought on gradually by the natural an I
permanent Influence of causes that do not
yet exist in sufficient force.
Let us look on the other side of the rjues.
tion ; ami examine with what juithr con
gress can accede to the clamours of the
manufacturing interest 1 wl,ether it i* r.r
fintient to gratify their wishes at this time :
whether it is n ?t now, and for many year*
will be, r.rcc**ary to peimit the introduc
tion of foreign manufacture* a*, a tariff not
exceeding the present i ami whether the
firofrction uhmdy afltrHrd to the home
manufacturer be not sufficient for alt rta
vitiable purposes.
And riNST, n* to the ju?tke of prohibitory
(little*, Iwyond the nresent tariff. Our pop
ulation reaches eight million* 1 the manufac
turer* in woollen, cottons, metal*, dye**
will be rated high at thirty two thousand.
?
|I mean those whose tabor and capital arc
'embarked exclusively in one or other of
these branches of manufacture ; for the
manufactures carried on to employ the leis
ure hour* of a family at home, arc out of the
aueetioii; they neither aik nor need more
than has been already (ranted.
Divide eight millions by thirty two thru
Mind, and the ouotient it two hundred and fif
ty. Hence it follows that one man asks of
| the representatives of the people, to permit
him to charge two hundred uud fifty of his
fellow cititens half a dollar a yard more for
his broad cloth than they pay at present, ill
order to encourage this one man's manufac
ture of bioud cloth. Truly this is a very
modest request ! it nuts me in mind of a no
ted passage, containing u petition equally
reasonable in one of Dryden's playr,
Ya (Scxl* 1 miniliiUtf lull time and f|?c?,
An J tuskc two Invert lirfipy.
Again, 1 should be glad to know whether
congics* meeting for thegocd of the nation,
and having no power to la> unequal burthens
on the people, have a right tlius to foster,
/lie projects of one man ut the cxpeusu of
wu hundred and fifty i
Rut it is not one man who is concerned in
this attempt to tax two hundred and fifty of
his fellow citijr.tns : it is not the manufactu
rer of broad cloth alone : the cotton spinner,
the muslin manufacturer, iltc fabi icator of
teans, jennets, velvets, velveteens, kerseys,
lerseynets, calicoes, shirtings, nankeens,
flee. fee. &e. apply for the mme privilege.
They arc followed by the dyer, the bleach
er, the ealeoc printer, the iron founder, the
copper kmcltcr.the brass mnnufactuicr, the
tin plate maker, aid a hundredothcis whose
names 1 cannot recollect or enumerate, all
ot whom look upon the unfortunate twoj
hundred and fifty agriculturists and persons
living on salaiies, ns their nrrper prey ; just
as a Hock of geese is eyed bv h fox ; so that
[the asked-for tariff of'prohibition, operntes
| as a tax on the two hundred uud fifty plan
iters, not in one wav, but a hundred way*.
' Have not the two hundred and lifty fntmcrs
a right to say to their reprcscntati*. cs in
congress, gentlemen, if you compel to buy
i our clothing of Mr. A. at a higher rate than
I wc now give for it, yeu tax us, not for a na
tional benefit, but for his benefit.
Again. I presume the prisons concerned
I in commerce, have as much claim to be pro
jected as the manufacturers ; and to do
.them justice they arc not u whit behind
I hand with their rivals, in clamors for pro
jection. I run no hazard in asseiting, that j
!rvf?y *;??>? tint twti'jfi hut uetuul'y brcA r/i-1
igagrtl in, hut been incitnl by t/ic mercantile
' interest, and tvt >y :vvr the in likely to be en
XUKCL' ,r for future, will Jtrobubly be
excite-i l?j the cfatr.or* of the tnerchantt, or
the clamora of the manufacturer*. Roth the
one class and the other consist of an orga
nized, restless, noisy, complaining, remon
strating, b'gging, petitioning, demanding,
.ever-craving set ot men, ulio from their
! gregarious and associating habits hove a de
? cide.l advantages o\ er the quiet, and scatter
vu jiupuutuoii oi planters. \\ un me rr.cr
clutnt and the manufacturer, the interest of
the body, is always paramount to the inte
rest of t he nation : the merchants however
are satisfied if you eieatu it navy and cntrr
into wars for their protection : the manu
facturers call for u code of taxation and pe
nal laws. Those who will not consult, or
will not credit experience on this point, may
credit Puftcmlorf if they will, who has said
it before me. Or they may l?H?k at the wars
in Europe for the last century. F.vep the
wars of (Jrcat Britain wi-h llonnparte, con
sisted chiefly in a struggle, on one side for
the maintenance, on another for the sup
pression of a commercial and manufacturing
monopoly.
However, be this as it may, the merchants
have av strong a right to demand that their
interests should be protected, as the manu
facturers. Imperially, n* the amount of
ptoperty and population engaged at present
m commerce, is at least ten fold iu our coun
try to that employed in manufacture, lint
if a system of liome manufacture is to be e s
tablished, imports and export>, that is com
m> kck, must be diminished in proportion.
Is it reasonable !<>r the inunufaclurcr* tode
mand, that the mercantile interest shall be
sacrificed t<? theirs Employ your capital
as you think best, says the merchant ; but
do not make a filing conrern, a profitable
one, by iux:ng the community and diprcs
sing us.
I do not dwell nn the entire change, on the
tmfold strictness, on the very great d illicit I
tic, stub an alteration would intrmluce into
the whole of our system of taxation and fi
nance?and into our system of customhouse
regulations?rmr on the army of custom
house officers that will be required?or the
navy ot custom house schooner*, nnd swift
??ailing vessels of all descriptions that must
be commissioned?"n the utter impossibility
pftcr all endeavors of preventing smuggling,
from the eastern shore of Vermont to the
western shore of lake Kric, and front Si.
Mary's to the district of Maine?nor on the
hn/.atd, that the nciessttics of government
from diinimshed duties on import*, may
gradually point at the introduction of direct
taxes and ultimately of excise. It UsufRucti!
t<> suggest these circumstaores to the intel
ligent reader ; they are difficulties of fear
ful magnitude, and will be felt by reflecting
men.
Again. All commerce is essentially foun
ded on reciprocity, or supposed reciprocity
of advantage. To encourage our home man
ufaclnre, it i? proposed lo lax high the man*
ufactures of I'.urope. In return, or in re
venge if you please, thev tlitow diseomage
meiiUon our raw materials of cotton, tire, to
bacco. What right Iim congress then to tax
indirectly the staples of the southern states,
for the sake of n handful of munufaeturin);
| speculators ' I'or it i* exactly the r.ame
whether we tax the export* or Great Britain
taxes the import.
I My then, that to increase the amooat of
the pieient tariff of duties, would operate M
a multifold tax on a prodigious majority of
our fellow cltliena* In favor of a small bpdjr
of men comparatively, who may and can
employ their time and their money benefi
cially in other pursuits i and that congreaa
might not to be cajoled into this unfair pro- *
reeding, on the authority of any autocrat of
Russia, or king of Portugal, past,present, or
to comc. The measure would in the pres
ent circumstances-of the country, be u*)vf.
But setting aside the justice or injustice of
the measure, let us inquire, whether It would
be expedient at this time*
Gentlemen manufacturers, can you sup
ply the United Statea with the Innumerable
Articles of manufacture they require, if all
ini|K>rtntion of manufactured article* were
prohibited? Take the favorite at tides
of woollen and cotton. Is It in your pow
er for these ten years to come, to sup
ply nt any price, tnc demand for the neces
sary articles of woollen ami cotton clothing ?
Or are we, In order tc foster your schemea
of manufacturing monopoly, .to go half na
ked, till you arc pleased to furnish us with
the coverings that climate and decency re
quire * You know you cannot suppU tlio
demand. You nrr not prepared for it. Un
til you can, wc must of nec essity be (appli
ed from other quarters. Manufactures must
be introduced moderately and gradually in
order to he permanent : their proper founda
tion, is excess of population and inability to
dispose abroad of raw material. The%e two
circumstances have not yet visited ur: nor
will manufacture* be nccessary to the cot
ton planter till the price of the raw materi
al arrives nt the eighth of a dollar per lb.;
and it is even doubted if that price will not
afford a reasonable profit to the cotton plan
ter. It is not so reduced as yet.
Again, on the score of expedience. Altho*
our ?ca port towns teem with idlers who
want not .m relv employment but inclinstion
to be employed, no man in his \cnses enn
pretend that this is the case in the country,
where the great obstacle to cultivation is the
high price of labor, and the great difficulty
of procuring it at any prlcc. Indeed, witb
all the outcry about people who wnnt work,
in our sea potts, the evil really consists in
this that they who seek for work will not
work at a reasonable price. Is there a co
lored man in the streets of Philadelphia,
who will hire himself under a dollar a day *
Is there not a superabundance of employ
ment for decent and industrious white wo
men at hi^li wages, who will condescend to
he cooks,chambcr-m:<ids,r>r nursery-maids '
It is a farce to talk about want of employ
ment for the poor here i the fact Is not so,
and my readers know it. It i? want of will to
work, not want of work to do. Do you not
(the I'hiladelnhians^ at present pay 150,600
dollar* annually, under tbnt nhsurd nttd de
moralising system called the poor Inws, to
mu'mtc-'n the alms-house full of idlers, who
ought to starve or to work f
Bui vmir seaport town* do not constitute
mprc than n make-weight, In the Kdle of
atfrimcnt. Is there a redundant population
starving for want of employment In nny part
of the country from Maine to the Arkansas >
Is not the outcry every where, labourers nr?
not to he procured ; nnd if procured, the
pi-ice of their labour eats up the profits of
the farmer >
A system ot manufactures then,will gieat
ly increase an evil of prodigious magnitude
among its. It will increase the difficulty of
procuring farming servants in the country,
and domestic servant* in onr sen port towns:
for it must draw its labourers from situations
where Inbourcrs are actually wanted at the
present moment.
That high wtq-en given to manufacturers,
will prchnbly ptecure manufacturing labour,
and tempt others to work who would proba
bly live idle, I ran readily allow ; but the
great supply must be drawn by means of
high wages, from places nnd sources that
< an ill spare the labour wanted s and upon
the whole it is likely as yet to operate as n
national evil in this respect rattier than n
benefit. Manufactures would bt useful if
we weie over populated, but who can say
that the United States arc so now ?
Hcncc it appears to mc inexpedient in a
high degree, to raise the price of labour up
on the funning interest, by raising up tno
competition of manufactures : this will tend
to itiscouragc agriculture ; to enhance the
price of nil the products of agriculture ; and
tax every member ot the community, for the
wise purpose of enabling him to buy homo
manufactured articles, ten per cent worse
in quality, and fifty per cent liigher In price,
than they now are. For that this will ho
the case in gmicral, 1 can appeal to past ex
perience.
Again. The price of agricultural products
is already too high, owing to the great defi
ciency of capital employed on farms. For
want of capital, n?ir farm* are 111 cleared, ill
fenced, hnlf tilled, and not halt manured.
No innu ran farm to reasonable profit, or
even tolerably well, who does not appropri
ate a capital of at least five and twenty dol
lars an wr* to thr cultivation of his clearcd
land > and those who live near Philadelphia
well know, that the most wealthy farmers,
farm to the most profit. la it expedient then
to divert or withdraw fir>m agriculture into
manufactures, the so much needed CApital ?,
Hut the manufacturer* say, ? we will fur
nish you with a market at your own doors,
* ithotjt seeking a foreign market or aendirig
your grain and flour abroad,' l his |? an
? lynnient of little weight; for at present,
?>c do n^t export as much grain and flour
?(together from the United mate* at would
feetTGreat Britain for a fortnight; and that
quantity is not increasing, for unluckily,
consumer* Increase fatter than pnduceri.
Until, therefore, the redundant population
and redundant capital of our country shall