Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Pennsylvania, In 1791, atalime when this nation ww much embarrassed from the .want off meiM to supply the pressing exi gencies off the government, ConcrtM weraa Bout to lay aa excise on that dellcioua beve rajpe, whiskey i it ?u not murmured at by n tow individuals Only, bnt the leglslatare off that distinguished atato opposed It la a so lemn legislative act { in wliich they complal S3T strutted their senators In congress to oppose it* aa it was tmivertrvt 0/ the ftrace, liberty, and right* of hertttixene. (b) The legisla ture having Inspired thair people wMh a spirit of opposition to the excise, aa soon as toe law went Into operation, the people in the Interior, in and about Pittsburgh, now the seat off mar.uiactures, and from whenl-e there are perpetual application! fur more protec tion, from a full conviction that congress ought not to interfere vlth any portion off their labor, organised themselves into a re gular armed force, marched to the house off the United States revenue officer, Mr. Nev il!, com mi need a regular fire of small arms, which was returned, some were killed and some wounded, and Anally demolished his office, and burned down his house. The mil itary of the United Sutes was sent against them, and the rebellion lupprentfd Now, no state in the Union Is more clamorous tor high duties than Pennsylvania; and het members on this floor have told us how large ly their state profits hy the system of pro tecting duties. If Pennsylvania possessed the same spirit for civil liberty and state Tights at this day, that animated her then, and she would look abroad and compare the reduction in the fortunes of other people, produced by the tariff system, with the small evils that resulted from a li^ht excise 011 whiskey, under which she so loudly com glidned, and sgainst which she shed her l-tod, so far from assisting to ini|>o*e bur dens on the southern states, would lend her aid to relieve them. The state of Maryland had not entered in to a civil war for the purpose of resisting the encroachment* of the general government ; but she hsd in two instances, recently en acted her countervailing laws ; and in sup B<rt of them, had twice grappled with the Hited States in their courts of justice, and gave evidence that she was not disposed to parsive obedience. Nor had she more than well escaped from those struggles, when Home of her citizens tendered their sei vires to the Unhcd Sutes, to put down the rebel lion in South Carolina. The state of Ohio had been engaged in a conflict with the general government?how far that conflict had been carried, he could not precisely say ; but as far as his recollec tion swved him, there had been much aspe rity manifested on the part of Ohio, and seri ous resistance had been dcu rmined on, but was abandoned. The South Carolina meet ings had been greatly censured by the citi zen* off that state. Iter citizens perhaps, 1 are as deeply interested as any 111 thi? union, in a tariff of protecting duties. One of her members, ((icn. Harrison,) on th.? floor, in I the discussion of tht tariff of last session, openly avowed that the protecting system wis of infinite advantage to that state, as her citizens were prospering under it, and etadd in consequence of it, live us splendid as the e itizens of anv other state, w here ver they had manufacturing establishments. With th.it gentleman, the prosperity of his con stituents, and the luxuries in which they w re wallowing, at the expense of the South em planters, appeared to be the only rule by which he measured t te constitutional power to enact the law. If' was sorry to mention another State, the State of Kentucky. Thev had n?t been rt little clamorous against the people of South - <i*r?4ins, for their opposition to this syitcm ? And by some of the citixens of that state, much abuse had been dealt ou? against our citizens, suid Mr. S. because of their public meetings. Those meetings were denounced at trdilijUB, tending to treason, disunion, to civil war, to rebrlhont with many other re proachful epithets of like character. This was not by a crowd of haohannlian revellers who might have acted from the impulse of an ungunrded moment, but by gentlemen of high standing and dignified characters.? They had n?*embted uiion an important oc? casion, and after disp< sing of. ir own busi tiess, reassembled in the church, where a J;entleman, onc.e a member of the Semite, of cred an addressand resolution fraught with reproaches and abuse, tendering their *er vices to suppress mch meetings, and more nnd more es/ir daily to the fundamental principle* oj our Oit/n, which recognizes the (h) ll b?? bwn confidently my<ritd hy *ome liMllcmeiitlhM Mr. Smith was mistaken, shun he said Ilia IstMaturo '( PfniaylMftl* had passed resolution* inttrnrtln* her senators in enngrrs# to oppose I he assise wa whiskey, ln?t ?hst thrw reso lution* wit* the acts of individuals Such {rontlemen st deny thai fact, are reonerlfnlly re. erred to th* hl.tory ot the ?' WK9TKKN I.NttUll RKOTIUN," by H H BcaekenrldKe, and lo the '?United State* OiMtt*," of 1791, In h?(h afnhkb lh?-y will ind the following preamblr and rotolu tines, recorded a* the set of the legislature of Pennsylvania?? " HOUHF. or HBP Jan M, 1701. " The l*Rl*iatare of (hi* commnnwnllli, ?**r attentive to the ritht* vt tlieir caiuiHwntt, end conceiving H ? duty incumber^ on ihen?. to ???? prece their *entlmen?* on Mi?h matter*, of ? pnfe>| IIa nMere,n*, in their opinion. hnva a tandenoyi to deatroy their rlp;hu ; agreed to the followinf revolution*? " RinW, That any proceeding en tho part of tha failed Riatea, tendina to the reflection of a revenue, by mean* of atawo, eat?bll?b?d opon principle* tahverihre of the pencn, liberty, attd tljht* of the n'tlcene, ougbt fo attract the atteu |ion of thia Jionto. " JMntf, that nojMiblie eilgeacy within Um| kaowtedge jt oMrtamptntloa of thU honae, can. in tlielr opinion, warrant the adoption of any apacie* of (nation, which thatl violate tho*e right*, which are the baate *t oar aovarnMaut. end which wmhlbJttH#' tlnptor apoatacla.of a nation or^rlfliiMlIrtllnilr #fPtwfiaO? ?? Otlara, In nlrafad ?o H?a aenntor?, ropraaentlnt t?K Hate of F" loaytvanta In th* aenntenf the United State*. wMh a hooa that they wfH napnea every part n? the otelan MM. now before the aonarew, wMch ?ball nailltafe avalncf thojwat HfMaand llberlkeof the oenpia." In Mb pagn, ?4 rot. ?racfcearidge'a mmfft '? . - right qf the majority /? > ule. government of laws only, this ml* would ap;.4y} I nil being* government limited and controlled by a writteo constitution tiiat de fined iu power*, he, utSmtorAtMnRouih Carolina, was bold to announce that this government recognised no auch principle, that the majority tkould tufa The Met was, that a majority, in the enacting of these laws, hud ruled i they coold have succeeded on no other principle, hut the Jimdamentai principle* of our government recognise no p? l?cl|ile of rule but that prescribed by the constitutions and to this it must be brought again, or we an people are undone. 'I here waa a time when Kentucky held a different language. At a time too, when our liberties were in higher estimation, and our constitution better understood, because It was but a short time after It <ras formed, and its principles more respected; and at a time when tfeat state had, in her count lis, a* much distinguished talent as at any other period of her exiatence, however distinguished they may be now. It was not sedition or treason then to denounce a public law of Congress. , In a set of resolu' Ions, written with unwall , ed ability, in November 1798, the Legisla ture of Kentucky, without a dissenting voice, declared two different laws of Centres*, no* to be lam** tut altogether void ana of no ef fect. They did so with the alien law, as a mere courtesy to foreigners. As cltisens they were not Interested. Kentucky is a tariff states the la interested In its existence; therefore ? portion of her cltisens may well hold a different doctrine us regards thu law. We have witnessed this naming, said Mr. ( S. tlir complaints of Indiana, in a memorial {of her Legislature, not asking, but demand* ' ing all the public lands belonging t<> thjr U. States, within her chartered limits, fthc d??cs not come here to complain thnt gov ernment has taken a portion of her weulth to bestow elsewhere, hut that the government has not given bet quite all she asks. On the heels of this memorial is another that speak* a language not to lie nrstuken. It asks for aid to the Colonisation &ciety; but its spirit and tenor point to a general emancipation. > Indiana is a tariff state, and whilst she holds j ilt one band a l?gi*1;itivc mcmonal d< toand ' Jng largo donations of piddle lands, the pro perty nt' the union, she holds in the other a I scourge for th?>se states, already languishing under a system which is fostering her own eitisemi. We have been told, said Mr. S. in the public prints as well as by some tariff gen tlemen, that the new administration will correct the evils and heal the wounds of the constitution, lie hoped, without pretending t<> know upon what this prediction was found ed, it might be verified. And would ask, *t> wliut respect the constitution was wounded to need this healing balm, if it was not in the tariff, and its handmaid, internal improve ment ? Two measures that must prove the downfall of this government. lie spoke not in praise of the coining administration, or in derogation of that which was about to expire, tor these measures did not originate with them. One originated in ttie cupidity of the manufacturer*, the other in the ambition of as-dmnts. The wounded constitution was not to be healed by the removal of one set of public cfficcrs and replacing them with an other. This might illustrate the fable of the fox and the flits; by turning out those already full, you might bring in others that would suck you to death. 1'his however was dependant upon law, aad not ujyxi the constitution. To what port of th* constitu tion then, is this healing balm to be applied? There is certainly no portion of it so uccply wounded at the eight eecthn of thejiret arti cle. The public defence and genera/, as we find them expressed in the constitution, arc I word* susceptible of mure definitions than .Any words in the English language. They hiivc becotnc the hobby-horse of every ad venturer} and is rode hy every man who hu ll project to carry, especially if it rcUWs tr. manufactures. I hey have drained your treasury .and prostrated the most prnsperoi" commerce in the world. If a man nowa days has but a handful of silk-worm*, ant' half a doxen mulberry trees, his first appl cation is to Congress for an act of protect iii) duties; and Mr eighth section of the first ar tide is his strong hold. You nave prccis?-li such a case now under adviaenient. In 18IT on the application of a solitary individual, manufacturer of alum, * heavy duty was tal on that article for the purpose, as Cnngr** were t?-!d, of providing fi>r the general wel fare. For the first thirty years of the gem ral government, when the constitution was better understood, the general net/ore was understood to mean that, only in wltk-h th? whole community was to be equally benefit ed j surh as paying the public debts, raising nn army when ncce*.sary for public defence, building a navy for the same. It now means any thing and every thing. It is the tyrant of this government, and roust prostrate it In deep humility, unless it can be brought back in good time, to its proper, original, and plain common sense meaning. And whosoever shall accomplish this important restoration, will redeem his country from early destrtic* tion, and secure to himself immortal fame. VVIhu. the Amrriesn piopl* gave In uHtgrtM power /? rttitr mnd itrpfri mrmUi, and la pr?e?dt and mninlmm a unrjf, they wern Intended for dtffiw* again*! fiminii aftgmsioii, not as awlinrlt upon ourwlve*, nor a* ?oard* Iti take eare of Iba interests ol ptivalr corporation* or Individuals.-? In?tead, how evrr, of performing theIr npprof*lat* ??Idee*, lliey are prindfsllf employed in lahlar rsra of the interests of manataelorcrs ea-: Itad miner*. In the document* accompanying the late of Ihr Prr*M*st of the United Mates, lire 8tr?i??y of War talis you, a portion of yoar srmy is eatployed In garrisoning Ilia lead (nine districts; and other portion* of it ar* stationed oe the fttagsra frontier. At the Is* sewion of COfl crass, upon a ssere resolution of a member of the let? ?nata, yon laid heavy detie* on load, la all Ms forms, a duty of Ave eeats a pound. And at lt-ou*h,ynu have as rleh lead mines as aver were soon, lylag within your owe territories, froml which the world could be sumdied with lead yet It Is a dsplorahte far.I, that a few bf your oklottns have pushed themselves Into the Indian nations, to look for other lead mtaef. la eoa**-qo?aca of a now military post nation, lor the low miners, who * as*il #/.? iLaIo ?v?0 Ifn iPvir the gee eraaMat leCultely more then the whole ss their lead Will produce. This Is MM of * ??IFaels mamm h>a|a.|| ^ TKJi'iirjs?* ? pessary d^lne the lost summer, fa I Niagara rrontlsr* the Secretory ef 1 . he hod done so ?to sflbrd thuefy old to oar rev "ena* olwnt te u I* avr.wed by lilfll *at(orHy, Matado*ttd,<|f Intioduclag lot rig a M the ' United Suit*, either by H Imm, ife* pajratnt ol "along ibo ftiagatlT frontier, ? 44 troopa, and wkera k wm aeterioaa that M qeanlitk* of fwyhui good* are now coll " Tbli ^MfyuTSonJ*?. Canadian lino, la nol Ito tMrd ifiMa public enemy-lo dmI an hoitllo attack, ihtMbrooor loor potts have been recently g* rlaooed. It la. Mr. President,forthe pufpotv ot tftloitiic odious purpose o? enforcing jroof owm. law* Your prealdeal awhnar beada of dmrt* aents tell you, la their offlcial communication*, ibis military array la to prevtal Mauggllag. And to justify the measure, a* a necesaaiy one,they ?ay that ptfioaa ft* high authority had boldly avowed tbclr determination to latroduee lam quantities of foreign go?di latothe United Stale*, liy stratagem nrlorca, without paying Ibo duties. U this not a aoM lamentable and alarming alata of Uataajro t Toar tariff policy compels re?pectal.le Ma to vkilatc yoar l?wa Yon force them todia regard Ha Injunction* la order to elude Ha opj raa aloua. Mr. 8. aaid, It wm bia perfect couvietlcr tbat thcra was aot > virtuous cltl*en throughout tba Union. If ha ?aa nol a amnufartiircr, or eon nactad with manufactures, who would now think it immoral to smuggle into tba country every aril cla conaamad In it. And why * Because you toree tin in to It la aalf dtiniMi. Wbilat yoar tariff* wcra aodrrilr, that encouraged tka itlra alon ol your comma ret, Iliad yoar Iraaauiy, and dtffuMda gladdening prosperity over evrry qaar trr ot thia than happy country. Then Mr Fatal tbara wa? not a man, even In tba hamblaat walk* ot lite, who wuotd not haw lent bia aid to tin* detection of a smuggler. Lai gentlemen look alio to Km aatcnt of tka evils now to la apprehen ded. There waaa line ol tbat frontier lilt In abmt t f nitf an hundrrd mile* In length} and whan your law a become too oppressive?when tbey tran wend In severity and Injustice, Ilia power of III* people to endure, you may build a Cbi m-ilnn wail lor the protection of your Cana dian iioiitlur smuggling. an<l it will not prevent it. f?ook at the eatent and facility of Mater communlretlbn on that frontier Lake CliMinp'ain la one hundred and fifty rnilea in length dividing MeM York and Vermnut, and running lino Cnnnda; l.ak? Ontario three hundred milaa long,dividing New York from Canada, and Lake Krle nlntut tluee hundred mllrj long, dividing Canada from Nm Y"'k, Pennsylvania, and Ohio) and other lake* further we?t. What an over * helming atmy ynu mn*t malmnla to cover all lhs#e esposed poll I* Add to the impossibility of the army, large us it muat lie to < ffect till* purpose ilie positive certainty of its becoming coirupl; and Anally turning it* lorce against you, a? event morn than probable. Mr. S. Mill, a few worth mnra and lie would take liia unl '('lie liUtory ol ail nations and ol all limia, had demonstrated two (acta worthy of all observation. One war that there never bad etilled n de?p?itiini, which had not after it* ?notl despotic aud oppressive acts Justified iheni upitn il.e ground of having tbejiulilic good for it* moilvt Auotlicr (act wn?a> certain aa thia, that from the cientiou of the world to thia line, r.ot one r.ifmMic tiais endured. Ourria now telling I the correct net* ol Mill (trlnclple, and to far a* ex perience had Kone, th?* re*ult had been mora than oininiou* The continued conflicts betaean tba Stal ?? and the general tovemmenl, which be had enumerated, and all ol' them arising from the utur|?*llua* ol the genetal government, in the free construction of Us own power*. and that (tea conMrnriion springing from that unfortunate ti*hl ?*r/f<m o/ /At JirH nrlffU of the LonMitution, mlgh? admoubii all. But for tbat drfecl in lh*t con*titu lion, this government mixhl last for age*, but il i* impotaible tbat the minorltle* will continue to bear the oppr. ulon- which Ibt majorilut, unreal rained by any limit* but their own cupidity, teem deter miiiaulaenlorce. Almost the* bole gjpbe baa been | eonvul*ed wiihin the la?i few ye4i); and tome of the cau*es lighter tli%n tbriae whiob now ?e. m lo ikicatfti the safely of Ibis government; and human nature ia pietty nearly the *ame overy I where. I Mr. 8. wltli ao rdrnt wltb tbat the evil* lie ?trended might lie averted, now begged Icavn to i res? ot to I ho Senate the solemn prote*t of the .Stale of South Carolina, against the several law* loposinjf extraordinary duties niion imyoit*. XI <*a* drawn up wltb great formality, Inscribed on lie mmt duraldn materbil*, and autbeatica'ed ith the great seal of the State and the ngnaturrs ? Ibo public functionaries} and be feared it t?s calculated to last long* r than this govern .Kent lie moved that It might W rrMlt?nil tbeu pi in ?"'l (ni the m? aflhr SvNtnrt. | Mr llayne m*e, nnd **id, lhat |H?* importance I ?l' the tut ject, mid the intenio inlereit it hud ?|. I ? I'i d nnicng hU couatHnrnta, mutt lilt apology <>r adding n few word* In whet k*d bllrn from i !ik colleague If a knew tkat every thing Mhtob ?iroceeded I mm ?<> bigh i aoiiree a* on* of the ninMmtfponil. nl Stair* of tbb Con' <o>lffiitjr,w??*iitltM to rMtlr?,iiid) bf lia?l?d, .I way a Would rM*lrr,ll|t mo?t rrapCCtflll mil* id ?mibm heir. Il wm not m much, tbfrrforr. Mid Mr Hi to Invito the nmrN attention of tint Sen tlx lo thl* PiotNt,ii to do Jufttii e to my own fee!? inn, nnd to fulfil mr olmptiom a? one of lh<i K< prwiitiillv?>i of Bonth Carolina, thai I now l*oeeed to make a few rematka, *uggt-?ted liy tbe ik ration One of Ihn moat unhappy tlrMianlne.'i eon netted with I he peetent condition of Ihe South* *rn Stale*, wm tnegreat; ke might perhap* ?ey, the Inalterable itilfirulty, of ran?iitj( their aenti inrnlt and feeling* to he made known, >o a* to be understood and appreciated by their fellow cMI* ?'ni in otber quarter* of tbe Union. View In* Ike United State* M one country, Ihe people of the South might almoat be considered a* *1 rangers In tbe land of their father*. Tbe fruit# nf Ibeir id ?lu*tr> bad, from tbe policy punned by the Federal Government lor many year* peat, been lowing to the North inn oirentnaeUfedy andundeviailngea Ihe water* of I be treat Rotpb; and a* ibe *ooree* of our prosperity were drying up, that retiprooa eal inleiconrne which bed aoflenedaaperitie*, and bound Ibn different pert* ul ibe country together, in tbe bond* of uommon *yaapetby and affection bad. in n treat men?ure, eeaved. That clow end Intimate communion, necewery ton fell knowl edge of eaeh other, no longer rallied,and in Ha place there war springing up, (it win uaeleae lo diaguUe the truth) among tne jteople in oppoaH* i quarter* ot tbe Union, a eplnt of jenlnn*y and db . Intel, founded on n tettled conviction, on the one pert, tbnt tbey are IbC vletlme ot lajuttk*, and.on Ibe otber, (but our complaint*. If not greoni'ieaa y he aefely disregarded. The people of Ibn Mb ere well aware of tbe cvlla growing on* of thin unhappy atate of thing*} and of none are they , morn dtutrfy *en*iMe, than tbat (from cautc* lo , whicb I abail not now advert) ihe eyee of our brethren have cloeed to our true condition, and Ibdr heart* abut again* our Jn?t complaint* AI - mm$k South Ceroliae. In common wbk acvrral 1 State*, bed on former nnnnalona, ? f people, ei ; the ix.tlry pnr*ued by Ibe M I a* Inf otviog them In rot* we i jama mfwa ia il ?..4 iLa ? ? ?I^J Ike JM cp* to cwjinuSTor it e most unhappy become K^m.' conscguences. It haa becc therefore? IndUpcntubly the sentiments ot our coni cxprssfd in the most deliberate and impo sing torm, in a manner n6 longer tobemls understoodor misrepresented. ? The Legislature of South Carolina* con ing directly from the people, bate, at their late session, with as unanimity wlthootex? umole, instructed their Senator* to lay this their Protest before you.*/ In obedience to tltat command, my col league and mystlf here, in our places, in the pretence of the Representatives of the sev era) States, and in the face of the wh le American people, solemnly protest against the System of Protecting Duties,as "uhcox tTiTtmoNAL, oppRK?sivK and tijuaaf* We desire that this ricord may btar witness for us to all future timer, that we have ear neatly remonstrated with our brethren against the extension of an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us; and with full experience ot the ruinous effects of the system of pro* tcctink duties have denounced it as wtteriy destructive of our interests. The people of South Carolina And themselves impelled, by their attachment to the principles of the Constitution, and by a proud recollection of common dangers, and common triumphs, to endeavour to preserve for themselves and their posterity, those rights and privileges, securcd-to them by the great Charter of our Liberties, and consecrated by the blood of our fathers, . It is (to use the language of the Protest) " becauac they anxiously desire to live in peace with their brethren, to do all that in them lies to preset ?e and perpetuate the Union of the States and tho liberties of which it is the surest pledge,** that they now protest against a system, which not only aims n fatal blow at the prosperity of South Carolina, (dependent as she must ever con tinue upon agriculture and commerce) but which threatens her very existence as a State. I know, Mr. President, that this is not a suitable occasion for the examination of the principles involved in this Protest. With -vgard morv especially to the violation o! the fundamental principles of the Constitution, by the system of protecting duties, the pre sent crisis ispeculiarly unfavorable to profit able discussion. One of the Fathers of the Constitution has, most unfortunately for us. and unhappily for his count rv, if not for his own fame, thiowu the weight of his great name into tiie scale of power. If this there fore, were a question to be decided by au thority, wo should be almost without hope. But the people of the South will never yield to the authority of naiuca, however Venerable when the principles ot liberty are at stake when the question to be deciued is whether this shsll remain a Federal Government, with strictly limited powers, or shall become a Consolidated Government, with all power centered here. And it does appear to us that the principles now contended for bv Mr. Madison, lead directly to investing this Government with the power (openly con* tended for in another quaiter,) of "organ ? sing the whole labor and capital of the coun try/' a power which at once reduces the States to mere petty corporations. We shall not, 1 trust therefore, be accused of disrespect toward* Mr. Madison, when dissent ig from his principles, wc endeavor to save the most Jirecknu work ot his hands from being de brmcd, if not demolished, by the applica tion ot the doctrines lie lia* recently advoca ted. That empress ha* n right "to regulate commerce,"and, under that |xtwer, may, In u proper caw, resort to countervailing com - mercial regulation*, ia no more doubtful, than that they may dtclare wnr, or raiae money by a direct tax, or by duties upon imports. But that these powers may be re sorted to at the meant of directly promoting manufactures, or tjiat they may be rightfully used for such a pumose, (a purprse entire ly different from, if not opposite to, that for which they were gt anted,) ia a proposition which will sanction any abuse, however ex travagant, am! leaves no limit to the powers of the Federal Government except its own arbitrary discretion. If the tariffs of 1894 and 1838 bad, ia truth* been designed to raise revenue, or intended as countervailing com mercial regulations---if thev had loosed to oommerce at all, ar.d had not in fact, Iwen yielded to the importunity of the Manufac turers, and been dcnfcovd exclusively for their benefit?there might have been some color of reason and justice in the attempt to brhig them within the pale of the conititu tloo. But when It ia perfectly notorious that the end and aim ?f these acts wm ex clusively thr protection of manufacture*, by a system destructive of free trade?when we know from our experience, on recent occasions, that any attempt on the part of Great Britain, to lessen her duties, and to open the door to a more unrestricted inter course, instead of being met by a correspon ding disposition on our part, Is imnudiately followed up by new prohibitions and restric tions, lest foreign manufactures should be introduced into the c<-untry, and the people should be inflicted with the curse of obtain ing their supplies from abroad cheaper than they could be procured at home?it appeara to us to be little short of mockery to be told that the power of Mni promoting maaufac ta res arises out of the power of '? regulating commerce." The etate of South Carolina make* up Ha issue with the federal govern ment on thle point, whether her rights ma> be destroyed* and her interests sacrificed, under the fomu of the constitution, hut in I direct violation of Ha spirit, and by e mani fest departure from Ha true meaning and In 1 repeat however, thai H Is not my Inten ?i to eater at large Into the argument * this time. 1 shall content myself sritl merely opposing te the eeiforfty of M Madison, the venerable namee of Vincknt merely opposing te the eeiforfty of M<' Madison, the venerable mum* of Fh?ckne\ of King, and of IefTer?on. I am not one . ? those who bow to the authority of gre^t name* I but It mny be well to show, that authorities are to govern, they 8re not alios one side. It will be recollected by the sen ate, tnat the late Chart e* Vinekeey, of South were tht three mm *r U three Hut survivor* framed the to ex* Mr. Pincknty exhfelted a j constitution, from which that finally adopted were H h known that he, heweil Ibe lime wb.n th? ptMnimg r^?.lb?^?:,nbd.?f b known to me per?SuUl|^tha| Mr. Pinck ney uniformly declared that It oever was the intention of the fratnere of the constitution to confer on the federal government the pow er of promoting manufactures?that a prop osition to that effect actually felled, (as the for at that time, the conttHatkm would net er have received the meat of the delegate* of the Mfclhern Mate*. It It known to ma that the late Rofii# thiiloob and on explicitly denied the tlee upon import* for ?n* y.yy<ftciur?>j - least," Thomas Jefferson, _ inc. wascallcd "the Apoetle of Liberty j.'* and who ha* been almoev eononlaed since hit death. In ote vf the latest actiot hie great life, he hat given at the authority of hh great name, and denounced "the usor Btlon" in language that outfit to Adi deep O the mhn't of the American people. I know, tir, thut the At,'hnrlty of Mr. Jeffer tun hat lately been quoted In favor of this ahute of power. But when we look to hie report of 1793?(on the authority of which he it charged with thia political heretv)?It it discovered that it treat* exclusively of countervailing commercial regulations; of *< protectingourcitiaens, their coMNsacic, ami NAVtcATiba," from the / ?? piohlbi tion?,"&c. if foreign nations,by "counter prohibition*, duties, and regulation*.*' Mr. Jefferson no where asserts that a system of protecting dutlet may be rightfully retoited to at Me meant of directly promoting domes tic manufactures, He ttatei, indeed, (what no one would attempt to deny,) that one of tliu incidental effectt of tuch regulations may be the promotion of manufeetaret, Just at they always have received, and from the nature of thingt always mutt receive, |ho ftrotectlon, arising out of a ttate of wM^pr ncident to a system of duties imposed ex clusively for revenae. hut, sir, here to tbo declaration ot Mr. Jefferson himself, at In the power of Congress, in relation to on* of the very act? which the State of South Caro lina hat, in thit Protest, denounced at uncon ttltutlooMl. In Mr. Jefferson's tetter to Gov Qlle* dated 16th Dec 1895* speaking of the "uturpstiontof the Federal Govern ment," and in tpeeial reference to Me Tariff of 1824, he sayt?" It Is but too evident that the three leading b ranch et of that [the Fed eral Government] are In oombinatlontostrip (their colleaguet, the State authorities, of I the powers reserved to them, and to ever. cite, themselves, *11 functions, foreign and domestic. Under the power to 'regulate commerce,* they assume, indefinitely, that over Agriculture and manitfaeturea, and dill it regulation, too, to take the earnings*of on6 of these branches of industry, and that too thu to doubt the opinion of Mr. Jefferson.' If It can be shown that on any previous occasion Mr. Jefferson used language on thla subject susceptible of misconstruction, here k eon elusive proof that he died as he had lived, " true to the fcith." Huf, sir, I feel that I have trespassed un reasonably on the Induljpnce of the Senate. Before I take my seat, however, it may be proper to notice one of the retnarke of my colleague, which, I have reason to believe* has been the subject of some misapprehen sion. It may be supposed that, in alluding? to the denunciations against the cltfosn* at' South Carolina, preceding from certain meetings held during the last summer, In thw Htates of Msrylsnd and Kentucky, he had imputed to the Statee themeelvea the senti ments which he has marked with his just reprobation. I am sure that my colleague concurs with me, and with the people of 8. Carolina, in seeking for the Indication of public opinion in these states, not from the meetings obviously springing from petty ex citement in a great political struggle, but fa m those other more numerous assembla ges, headed by men of the higliest character and talents, by whom ample justice has been done to the patriotism and public spirit nf the Snath, Sir, we shall cherUh the belief until it shall Ik torn from us by stubborn facts, that the great meetings in Maryland and Keb ; tucky, whose proceedings have been immor tsfixed by the eloquence ?>f a M?Mahot? ami a Barry, presented a fahhiut expression of the sentiments of the great body of the peo | pie in those fttntrs?sentiments which will ever be gratefully remembered, and cordi ally reciprocated by the people of South Ca rolina. Mr. DICKRMOM raid, ha was>aot prepared lo mak? any reply to the argusseots of the Sena tori Trass Sooth Carolina, sad to the protect from that ilata j nor ws? h? inclined lo interfere with enydMpoaltioo they proposed to jnoke of it. Tbefw was one elreamstaeee however, ho dsasssd it bis <IU? to aotiee. 1} hsd bsea stated, Ihst pet itioee sod rassooatranoee had bee* Mat to this baese, ead the utber, fro* that state. which hsd been re ferred to Iba eooMoittee an UMnefeetoree, and were heard el so swri Mew Me. D. Was not wdlir.f that sa Iwprtnioii thoeld go sbroad, aad h? Wat sera I hat the gentleasen frowAouth Caro lina, <ikI aol with it to b* believed, thai the slate ??f South Carolina bad been treated with di?re?. neet; on tbo oootrary, the people at that state, whea they nddrrased Ibk body, had met with the asest respectful eoo*i*Wrettou AU the rtnos tra sees 6ms Booth CaeoNaa had been so his (Mr. >V) desk, raede to be sated an whea *elleJ foe "^tbe reprsisatstives frees that state | and bo !, D.) did eat rw??tidar it bis doty to mil them ?il aad advaaate Iba doetnoes eoWtslaed in thew, ?peelaity whea the ispreeeatatieee ef that riat* a the flooe, w?re so folly eoaipeleat to do so. It tee not pmalMe fee iba eoo ? Had report aa all these raw iveo to thabr soaildsratleo as nor srotation* per* Hied j sad ^ .t kalo htahl A# MAM ,ft*r ? ?- I ' >?aadltoa, they had been pet epoareeaed. Where y sstgbt beloead by sey eeotlemaa d^paMd to look into Uiess. lie (Mr a) Mi ft kbQpNsl