Columbia telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1819-1821, January 19, 1826, Image 2
pAmMNM Uu Hum itortunwiw ?fstuik
'? i ii 'i ? ii -ill' 11
TCRMSt?T?iuk Don. am |*r annum, jiMatte
<??Mn*re, or fu?ii OjibUi'|kysMe
?jtd of tho year. *? .
AvvKRni?i^li aN biMifvd it tho iMi of
?cvctily-flv? cootfl for every (ttMtV line*, or I
leo* amber, foe tho 6rtt fti*ertloti, mnI 'forty
??Tho?? from pod
??wwrnmp^T
mn fiiwf speech ok mu. smith,
Jlrfbr* Ike ttntniUUt a//A* wMt eh Mr. PritUaii't
rttoMlmtinHi* LtgUlalurtif Stulh-CttPtina,
DttmMt I A, WJJ.
Mr. Butfth *b*l?tvcd, that *1 the; last *e*<ion of
' iUn lerlslatuf* urticn the resolutions now befbr?
the committee Were irst rrpoheJ, ^hadtiiltc J
them ?i|* Rtr consideration, eudhart pledged
hlmtelf IfUia house would then consider them, to
take no pert to jlia'dtetttsion, but would Ixj con
tent to.guea aWt vote. llis otyrct in cotufjrr
Ingthem nt thatWnf* ?w, to prevent them from
p<un# abroad a* the evprcesion of the hooto. But
the very committee ?*Mch utdde the report, and
particularly tho ehalriue, hadopposed the con
fitieratlont and principally bw their opposition tho
re|?ort wii postponed*, and tne wholo report, pru
amble and all, hod patted off as the act of- the
.whole home imtead of the act of a tub-corn*
mittee of Ave, and but of a bare majority oftbem.
In adtUthiikto.UUf, soino person, more wickcd
tfcenwUe, bad written hit. letter* to Wnjftpington
VmRrming thii belief, and asserting thnt the re
. port bed met .with but littlo opposition and some
fit the .public print* there, had puhlhhad it not
only e? the act of the house, but a* containing the
only true constitutional view ofthe sulject.
Since ho hatTcallrd it up at the present session
?ome writer in the uewspaneils. with what view*
ho Jfnew not. bad attributed to (Hep a with It ??
tire (ht on/fry fitting if parlu, lo tym thi prtii
denlLil caBipafch, or t? draw forth n ipunifhl Hit
ptey of tloq>untt. We had been often tdW ihife
Was no i>arlys" U" there were parties ho hau cfl'c j.
ed nothing to eitefte their Ire.' Tho latl elected
president tiadjutt entered upon tho duties of hit
office, and sb&uld ho admliiUter tho government
with ability and according to tlm coircct printi
plea of tha constitution, he would merit, and no
-doubt ^OUldfecei vat be public approbation. But
that he himselff mild not look through the visln
of t!?r.a knd foresee hlserrorv; nor could lie fore
telthe merits of the neat adininistrnUou ?* some
other gentlemen had done. Nor had bo any with
to display hii'tlouonoei it wns too htiu\K!c. Ill*
with was, to^jivo tue subject a fair invocation.
And for thatpdrposc ho had' moved to eipunsn
thia very long and tery extraordinary preamble.
And those very (extraordinary resolution, derived
more from the exuberauce of tho flue fanoy of the
C?xUetft?tt<wko reported them, than from any po
litlcal principle known to our constitution, o?
which ought to t>e maintained in A Republican
government, and to substitute the preamble end
roiolutious 'which he bad the honor to present,
which were derived from the articles ol confede
ration and tho constitution itself. This would
bring the question directly be for# the Committees'
Wfcelher,
Congress doe* possess the power under the eon
??ftUution, fo adopt a general system ol mterual
improvement at u national measure.' ? .
' Or the HgM tn Imimse and collect laser, for
other purposes tiian inch ?s were nec?*,iarity lm
' braeo-l In the rpecifle grants, and thotejuccssarily
implied therein?
Or to exercise n power grautod for particular
objecte,toeffect other objects, tlio right to effect
wfilcti her haver been enm-eded?
O * toexereisetho poWer to tax the oidxens ?.f
one ttatej to mnke i'?adt and couals foi the citl
|km ft another stnte.'
.flNrto lay duties to proteet domcstio manufnc
Thete were the qucMlom forth* coiHideration
of the cowiaiUee. Congreit wn* now raarchnjf
with glgantlflewldc* in tho auumntl of pewer*
hatetot'ore Unutod, and among*! them they had
th#M very power* of malting road* nthl
canal* throughout Ufa United Htatcij and h iJ irn
ppeed du?le*.on foreign import* for the avowed
i>urpmcofAMin* douiertio manufacturer*. It had
been contended that Conjtet* had tlii* power
under the cdnititutipn, and to enquire under what
contraction of the eomtihitlon they had e*er
tW*d that |tower, w?? the objeot of Oovcrnor
lVihon'? Meuagei and for that purpoto you re*
frrred ittoa?pecia1 comniltee at Ihe.lattwai'io.
That committee, imtead of feportiur directly on
the faeUaubniittcd, alter Involving tlie iiihjcct in
* labyriaOiflfobKUrlty, Neve (old you we have
no authority toenunlre into these fncUt
. ''.That Ine p?ople have feooferred no power
* upon the Leghlaturo to enquire into the act* of
" tho central government/'
" Xuton o*ereUe ot tucli a power would In
*# enailof uiuri-allon." v
* " And lhat U>e lie urgent ati vet of the peopln
" ht-Congreea are only retpontiblo under Uod to
* the people tbcm*elve*."
Mr. ft. Mid, he did not
Pir< Of WIU| IIO uiu nui uiAit to that poiltioht
Ho held it to beau Inherent right which ever#
member poitttttd.. before bit election, and which
ho hadhfaowVe forfr Hefty' ?w><?ptlng the op.
polnunent of % reprmnUtivt.jAp remomtfat*
ii-Mwefe liullf eta than the pdrerelgn
i*tpoy who n*pp4ii*d topre^U* over
roOQAr agtuti end ftajer* havo rt?
f' uhftont/olialU pfw*r., their power* are
V*y* ovfWfon eoQctitutioit, In whkh tliat
^,-^>ded. - nkI^ prMf; oppos ition tiUncod,- where
pro' th*jt,f?'a(np ?$bort of detpotio \?ower>
?ff Conjraee have apt thU power, the e&ereite
-of it ft a direct invittioa of }ho righte re?erv<
#J'/?the etqfea, and ought to h# aieortalned. ai
will by an official ai an individual Investigation
T$ thaw tho-committe* that thU we* neither a no*
vM por a dangeroo* invettigatioa, nor confined to
. in|* home alone, by pefMHwiop he would read a
part of a merihge eommunlcalad but a few day*
agA; ty (ivy, PfeMant* of Virginia to tha l<*gi?la*
tore ?t thut vt*te,-|ipon thie vary *oljcet. The
,?? lentil aq|k4 fORM of I he proceeding* of the
..MSSX&,x&stifsaa
"? *.???* |>vtictitaNytpthe aet I mpotlng additional
*?Setteerin certaintor?lgn art ela*. for tha preifto
?"Uottpf Amerle*n Maaefceturee, roniinonfy call
'? ed tbb lerifflaw? a*l tho*e act* directing .or
?asss
whan-s^wed Governor. Ami vhlme I* ?;? ?#?
gradient whkh baa nvtr ?oUredJitt? bis char???
f#r. lit Uo| only Mcomm
legblatbre batto the mm
means
Wahftve tooth** Instance of a sin
? Uli itmft ?f Oorerm* ClUii
to tb? legislature of UUtiUto. I*<
?ohjfci precisely, but outhe lor
c< mtructcd a cMMl that arould <lo honor to an/ag
or nation. Awl ?otaoaUempta, it seems* bnd bean
made by ofloera oftlit United State* gorertunept
ta?ia<H to in a dues Irom thoboiUMavagating that
canrl. Gov. Clinton ImmKlUtelybrought it lieforo
?ho le^itlaturtt In this most deciiiv* and spirited
larmier. lie says in hliwossage to (lie Irgiila*
tare upon thai aubjeut, Vi
Ml cannot paas ovar in ?HeuQO.IlU Attempt
" which Iws recently !i?n ma Ja to bring the boats
" uavtfgating outr cnuals within the. operation of
" Hier statutes for regulatiug Uie coasting'fniuo of
M the United Stater, by requiting emolument and
u license aud the payment of tonnage duties.
.*? The canals are the probity of the date, and
M within the Jurisdiction of the itate, bavo been
M coij.tructed by the stato and on lie doaWojad
u by the state.
"The consequence of such attfimptious wouM
u be, If carried Into cifa.t, to anpihilatoour leveuuA
" arising from tulle* to proJuco tlie moil opprcs
M rive measures, to destroy the whole ?*s(eiu of
H internal improvement, ami to p.iistFiild the
1 ?' authority of tho state government " lie con
clude* thus,
M I shml ?ny no more nit this suhjcct ?t thU
" time, I will uot entertain ? doubt but that the
* national government will cofnmaud the ahun>
?? douimntofa claim 10 unfounded ami pernl
?? ciyvis; and | am persuaded U has been preferred
M without due reflection, aud without instruction!
" from luporior authority. Dut if till* couno
" ibould not be panned, it will then bo your duly
" to take that itaod trhlch the rights and -afcty of
" thu people imperiously demand."
Thii is the decided stanJ whieh the Stntv of
New-Vork hat taken in dofeuoa of tfale Highti.
Not by removing her ropresentativett but in u ro
inomirAiico of no ordinary character by her chief
magbtrnte, through the legislature. Governor
Cliuton iaa man of eminent Inleutt, a distinguish*
ed civilian and of great experience in public lifo
lie hod oITored thu opinions anil official outs of
these illustrious st?te*ii:eii, utit an conclusive, but
in deciding tlio same quritions ho iliou^iit they
were entitled to high consideration- They would
at Icait prove one thmj:, that other States
were tenacious of their 6'/a/t Right*j and had 1
given us strong examptes.'
He know tWnt soma of our modem politicians
disliked tlio term .V>'c Hlfklr, andeven denied
their existence; and held thai all i?o|itical power
wnt vested in Coogrets. This doctrjuo wa? main.
laineJ in a political pamphlet, which ho held in
his hand, first published in the newspaper?, but
on account of iti excellence had liecn embodied,
by another gentleman, lu a p imphlct, for its pre*
scrinlioo, and giveu to tne world with great on
comiums. Who the author or compiler were he
knew not The pamphlet itujlf w?? *u?#*u >>/
?ha familiar name o? "Ouo of the People." In
the second page, Upon tlie sunjwviof oiuhw^k-.,
it wakes Ibis insertion:, ,
"the States, w iKilitTcnl bodies, Tiave noori*
"gintil inherent rights, That .tfiey bavo such
?* rijghl* it a fulsr, dnngerou*, and Mi\li<repUblican
?*a?sumption, which lurks at the oottofnofalllha
M reasonings in favor of State llightai" In 7 and 8
pagrfs ia lids assertion:
M Up??n the discretion of Congreas in hMinuand
? ? roiurnng mxtt, anu utrntung timl support i?%
" nnnin, titer* aretno rctlrktion* but thoieiiu*
i< poied by iv.turc. Congrctt may j u?li thete
* poivore to tlio ulqioit verge Indicated by the
" phyricul enpacity of the couuUy. 'They may,
" upon ttiq >fighc*t ^cation. and for the mod
'? unurite, IniyrovMrnl, and wicked end*, draw
* from the jw^plo tho utmoit furtluug that can be
" tptirod from their tutoring familk*, to All the
t national coffer*) and call out Iht lait man tint
* can bo toured from railing the necewark* of
* life, to fill the national armlet and fight the bat
1 tic* of ainbitinui Ruler*."
,Thb lit* id to l>o a Southern production, and he
brought It before tba committee because It wai
:ontldered tlio Ttxljlook from which mtihy Of our
modern politicUni nnvo formed 1 heir creed*. It
wm not until after Oik Rook had hud ita full cir
solution, that Congreuhad been able to obtain a
unlnrity, either for cotirtructing Road* or laying
idditional duller. If we have grown too lame,
ind Itnvo broomo loo familiar with tuch political
leniimentr, bt>cau?? they are entertained ntid
[lublicly expri-**od by lho*e whom wo know, our
predeccitor* of twenty year* ago would liar*
ihn\Mer?d at *uch a thought* If we bare no
HlaleWghlt, and CongrbM ha* (hi* trantoendent
(tower, (a draw front the ptopletht vtmoti farthing,
imd toll tut Iht lati men upon Iht mtl untrht,
I mprorhUnt, and wltkidtMi, to fight the ball In
>/ tunblliout RuUrft at tlil* writer avow*} then
there knot a More despotic power In eiUtence.
Napokan in the linlh of bk po#ar, With all hit
ixactlone and cofptrlntion*. never went, nor did
Ha dare to v#nl?re half *o Ur.
No one had yet been bold enough to contend
that the power of Congmm' over tli# (object of
Internal Improvement,had I>ppii ipoclHeally grant
odby theCotuthutlon) but it ltfc> boen toiight U<
ttnongit the Incidental power*. It k a matter of
?career any twt? or the ndvO
have! been abld to agree ttpon
or itara/taph of thaConetltit*
incidental Mflf k contained.
?ome amutement, at well a* of avMooce agaiott
It* exitknee, that tcarc^lf an|(Arto of th* ndvo
ratetofthkpower hi
IhedMlftcttectkn or
Hon in whlah (hit incidental power
The following are the variout power* from which
the one or the other ha* contended it w'm derived;
|*t. Prom tho power to provide for the common
defence and general Welfare. 94. To regulate
commerce. '.Id. To eetabHth poet ofteef end pott
road*. 4(6. To declare Wer. 6th; To rako-awl
Mipport armlet. Cth, To provide for calling forth
the milMia. Ttl*. To make all law* necettary and
proper for Aarryfng* Into execution all tho powert
vetted by Jh? vomtitutlon hi the government of
the United' State*. 8th. That ftoadt and t'anak
W HMMtibi ni<?t anoatiil meant of imnroring
the eoivfnTClf^^lMrtHerefore. the IMioa in
forming their compact, artld not have performed
their work )n a Manned *0 UufaMf rtupint a* to
deny themyellre* the m4a?rf 01 bettering their
1 wnivw iwwfii inp v*on**fmiiwfi
[Vf WmfU ilif HiiTNIfiy
. M thai OonveatUt fetood
> tolntaod to foaek to ImpoSeat i
iM 1 pottarlty to pick U'<M of mher
' jLtyl|i (kAOMM *a (Wa MIA g|# |tiH MAL^a
?'JW'fw*
iiy ii'/imiiiiyfttfi ft-" :'v d&a, i
iTTgTLTjrr y~?l!
NOTIMINIMrM ?W f
dM Of COpfodaraUott, U?0.
WfcMfcteb?th? abapo of *.<
which oureootfitullow ie.<H
aoowhat rtfbia tho BUtoa WHIM I
[and what riRhU wera aurrenderedB
b
4f*W a aouoder cAacluiioo l^iatiin poeelhly bt
A N?ed from Uki w?m %M ?52rt*}Cjrou?d of
[c^TMlnM-e or expedient*. ? iiy#fw? ftlWtWe pf
II at eoMpaott Hle*M, < "
, "Kaeh State refill tjaeorerejanty, I
H?m1 independence* awiowy power, J<
?dob, ami right, which b Ml hy ?hW ?o?
Flion ex|tr?t*ly tMmttdlo Ununited gj
By S?tlux>otf tho aorarelfoly of Vo*?t Britain
the Suicvliil oot Uoomon ooon>liU?toJ nation,
bui became uvereigo, aepirate &'at?ii tad so
?|*VP?l in lh# 3d articie of Hut oomM.
|., .M 3d. The 8tatee eeverajly enter Into a Arm
"IwUfue of frieailihJp wW? Mih ctlier, btadiny
r themtel vee toa*??t each other e??iu?t fell furcc
1" ofTor.ttl to, <>r RltnckMO^c *)l>o0( them.'' .
? lf?r? their power* arelrrpt dtettriBt, the State*
HrtraVp enter loto thia learue to iudit fth *Atr,
.not 16 dcfrml tlio ualioo. Yhetf by those two ar-'
tfcdca it u evident to Nkd?n>otutral}oti that they
were teparnte and dUlinct loveieifotlcr, atlflthat
each Htiite remitted all i?a m>vare^jnty, freedom,
iitdapendeoD*,- power. Juri*1iclti>n, nnd right,
except mi tuuch n? waa txprtul/ forrcmlered.
They did aurrender by that. coinfuot, coitain
rlfhu. By the 8th article, they furronder?l to
imt all other expemei
fur tSe foniniou at ft net
Conrrew,
u All charge* of war, awl all other expomei
" which ihnil be incurrau fur the tommoit at ft
M mid jfrntral ictlfart I
By another artivle they gave Congre?? a coin
plete (tower,
" To ettnblhh (toil o(D"'.c? throu2<iout tlio Uni*
" ted Stalct."
M Art. Olii. Co?i;rc?i ahatl hare tho ioln au'l ei>
* cluiivo right mid [lower of deterioiuiiij og
" |Hjace and war "
ludccd there i> scarcely a provitlun in tho con*
;tilutio? wh cli is not to bo found in tho artklw
of confederation, t-Mx-pt, that the States retained
to themselves the iutlro control over commertc.
both foreign and domestic. The coofoderoteil
govern moot fuiinil uo difficulty ir? their diplomatic,
relations with lorci^ii nntlon*. vmt in their domes
tio relations exocpt tu this article of convnrrce.
U wa* found whilst onoh Slaic had uncontrolled
power of reguiutinx commerce with foreign im
tiour, Hint it lessened tb" credit oiid diminished
their interest abroad. To obviate this difficult
ami tliii alone, no interchange of communication!
look ('loco, and commissioner,* were appointed
t-y tho States of Vlrjiuia, New Yt>rk, I'ciimyl
vaniu, I: :lawure,aud New.Jcncy, who assembled
ut Annapolis iu September, 1?U0, to meet dele
(ali'i from the other States for the role purpose of
eitublnhini some general commercial regulations,
a* will fully appear from the fullowiug communi*
cation made by thosr dolrgates to Congress: They
My
??That pimuant to tbeir several appointa\eut*
?' tlirjr motut Annapolis the 11th Sept. nstunt, and
"having proceeded to a communication of thoir
- pmwrMliry found that the States of Now* York,
?' I'ciiosyivauln mid Virginia, had, in .substance,
" im I nearly ill tho tame term?, authorised their
" reipcclivo commissioners, to mo?t such commit
?'?io'A0r#, ni were or might ho appn'utcd by the
other State* in the Union, at such time and place
* at thaald be a^rcel on by tho inlJ commission*
fomideratlon Uw Trado and
" Comment of (he United States, to SeO uu?* r?.
?? an uniform system in their commercial iu'or*
?Jcour*e aud {emulations might bo uecetciry'to
44 their common interest and permaneut happi*
"oeis.M
Karly in tho summer of 1787 commissioners of
eleven Statu* met in I'hiladelphlu mid formed the
Conititntioii. These dornminsiouert coinjtosod
whkt wai called tlio couvention. In this tonveu*
lion many project* were submitted for n change in
i the form of government, although tho object of
their meeting was nothing but to regulate com*
merce. Thii show* a:t early attempt among oar
politicians to exceed their powtH. (Jen Hamilton
proposal a senato and prctMeut for life; Govoucur
Morris, Mr. Randolph, Mr. Madison, Mr. 1'. But'
ler, and Mr. Charles Piiickney proposed a National
tiovercnuitnt. Mr Randolph submitted a /It
Htullgn tfmt ? National (JottrwncnJ ou#hl to
be (itablltkd. ,This remained lor some time on*
der conilfetation, when Judge Rlsworth otovod
to expands) the word J/tilonal, an'l to p??ce in
th ? room of it, gottfumtnl ?/ Iht Unlit J Statu.
Which WM igreod to ni?. coo. (a) Bo th? gov
ernment v?*,after solemn debate, ealleJMe (Jot
ttnmeiif e) (ht Uniltd Motet, recently called by
lema the tatiooal government. None of the new
projects ctold succeed, and Mr. OitarlM I'innkney
drew tin project, formed on the articles of con*
federation,very like it throu^hoOt, find the same
in many p*ticular<. From tnat projcct tht* on
?titulion m* principally formed. ' After it was
formed a? submitted to tho States for their coo
sideration^auy of them adopted It with amend*
mentsj of ?bich tho following Were adopted by
Congress 4d beoome a pa/i of tho constitilrtons'
" Art. oi Tho enumeration in Iheeooslitution
"of oerlaitrighte, shall not bo eon st rued to deny
"or dkperlMothers retained by tho people,"
M Art. l(Nh\Th? power* not delegate*! hy the
? constitution or prohihiteit by it to the State*,
?' are reserves o the Stales reipcctively.or uthe
M people."
This artich s Inexoo* Mconlioco with tho 9d
article of tho ^Ibdoration, and both aro as or -1
p(c?*ivea?thf^gllsh language can make them,
that ell powe not delegatod to Congress are re
tained by the totes respectively. This origin*,
ted from am dnient* proposed by many of Hie
Statea, to thf (Teet. when they adopted fhe eon*
?titutioo. Mi >rtg them ?si the following, hy tho
eovention of Ue State of MouU?-(!?fQ||ag, which
adopted thoiLututlon hs May, 17W. "
"Th'seot#4"?<? doth deolarO that no ttiUon
u or jWg"?AK constitution warrants a
'?coostroctli bat tho States do not retain every
* power notf?/^es*ly relinquished by them, and
Mve?U4 M<?e general government of 4ho
Union." (*)1 \ .
Stun* of (lokamee (hat adorhod that conven
tion aro tM blowing/ "
Thomas Pimki y
ieilgo, John R I
DWaunuro.Jo I
'If; f.^oeiAr, JfiiiUrn Moultrfe,
H?^o, Iwphltartf, Was.
nuel Wafton, Thnmss Sumter,
Jidm OHontut,Thomat Taylor J
? Butler, Samuel fa?o*H
Andrew l.ove, ll*nry I
f Q+AmAm 4 Mhflyiiftii
i H? liberty With t'leir Mood.,
l toodoart* Mmmitltiaspfervi.
i what
af .iLju.mi.l-i mm who
onuSSSSE^rDoH^
Mr itandolpb, Attom.y General, (t) who gave
opinion*. General l(.!nJltoo~M<Md tegivitbe
implied power*; but rcoealtaend, (hut Dm State*
ihdtttd ttMfld ibe*on?Uutien,M?l exp*?ly^ve
111? power. Til* Secretary
KWt,o?d the Atorney Ow
Uanttr Coeftew^at Hi* U Iter end of ?> <m?4
ef HviuU and Canal* to tbe General Oo veroment,
?ml Jfnvo Hie bonxu *9* proceed* of the D.tnk ?l
III* Uuiled fttate*, to he divided imm> the State*,
to defray theeipen<<? thereof-' ?lr?fMllb?dl?
approved the I4w, and returned it to the llottae of
lUprfiMOUtiVM with the following rcaioni:
"I am conitralrtrd by the i;Mup*rablcdiincolly
" I foeliu reeonoillD* the bit1withthee6n?titu.
* lion of th? United Stater, to return ttwHb that
* oMcctloii tqtho Uomo U Rtpre'eotatfYee."
'M The |iowcr to regulate commerce ampng the
"eeveral State* cannot include * power to con*
K itruct; Road* and Canals mid to improve ,lho
? navigation ol water couike*, in ordertbfaclli
M tale, promote, and weure *Uch commerce. with*
"out a latitudoofconttruotlon departing from the
?* ordinary import of lit* term#, ?trenjthenod t?y
" Ilia known iuconrenletoce which doubtle** led
M to the grant of lUU remedial pbwer to Con
" gr*?>.
'? To rofer the power itt quetllon t? the elauae,
Mlo privide for the common defence aod general
" welfare, would be contrary to the ettnhllilied
??amlcnnmtonlnilciol inicrpreieUouitaiHlronder*
u Ingthn i|>ecinl iindcarvful euutpemUon of now*
? eis, which follow tho t laute, nugatory. buch
u a viow of the Constitution wuuld have the el?
?' feet of giving lo Centre** a g?ttcrul power of
" Wgiilalloo, futlead of the deAned end limited
" one hitherto andcriteod to belong toil; thoteriu
14 common Atftnct andgttural ittljhr*, imbraeing
"every object end art within the perview of a le?
" giilative lraH.n (J)
At the next aeuion, being the Ant n( the fif
teenth Congre**, i'reiMeut Monroe tuppwiing it
would again be taken ??;?, ip hi* flr*t pre#identia'l
mcnugo to ConyTCis introduce* llto. mbjtvl in
tbrie word*:
? A? this ?r?bjoct WB? actcd on by CgnjTfM >1
" the I'tl teuton, mul tlioro why by o di*pn*ltl?u
" to revive it at the pfe*eiil, I havo InxJUgliLIt in
" to view OW lb? uuK|?o?? of tommuM.**!'"!? u??
*sentiment*. Taking iuto viaw the w?th
?? whifh I urn no# tumoral, it wouldbe iuip."?P?rv
M after whkt bu iwtiwJ, thut (hit diacuttlon th? VW
"h? revived with mi uncertainty oftny opinion ?',?
"tpecting tlio right. Diiro-urJiojj early i.inpiTM*
x ion*, I hevo hettuwcd on the *ubjo t nil the d*.*
? liberation which It* grc.it imporUnoe, nui aju?t
??eu?e of my duty required) end the reiff it; ?
* settled conviction la my mlad, that Cougrett do
? n*it no'test the right. It it net eotilaiued In any
??f lie apoclAed power* granted to Congrott
??Korean I find it ineidanUil to, or a ncocitary
?? inran, vio*vcd nn t!io most Ijheral Kale, fur car*
'? ryinx >utu cifcet any of (he power* tpeviflcelly
M gmnto.l." (t)
Nulwitlutaudinjrlhit crtprettand positive opin
ion of Present ftlonr<><% glvcu in conformity to
the Constitution, Colore** did t*kb^ tfce ?ub
Jcutt and after ?** week* debate, the friend* of the
men'Ure could not agree upon what tec?on of the
ConUtlUtton *#?? ilw |<ow*r,?n.Uh?y ?b*mlim?d
it. The tubj?ct then lay at rcet for the neat fivo
y*ar?vuntil ?822, when it wat found (ha Cdinher
land.ftoodj which had cort about two ntitliototof
dollar*, wa? imputable at one end before It was
Aablicd dt the other, (f) Ctmgre?t patent? law to
cstahthh turn-pike gate*, by which to collect toll*
to re/wlr it. Prc*ident Monroe disapproved the
law, and returned U to tho JJou*e of-JUprNtMa
tivrt, with thi? antwer.
'"to tits trocir. ov n? pnr.*F.NTAriv??:
. "Ilaviujdttlyconfidoradtlio bill,entitled, atiarl
tfortht rtrturration and rtftair bf iht Vumtrland
* Itoai, h 1* with deep regret, a pi?rtniny, a?l do,
M the policy,' that I ant compelled to object to it*
?? outage, and to returo tho bill to the floot* of
M il*pre?cpiativ<!*,.in which it originated* under a
" conviction that Coogree* do not potses* Ike pow.
mm >"? to pni* ?uch? law."
" If tlio powerefcUtllt nm&t ha cither becaufa
M er, under the Comtiiutlon.
" If tlio power ekUtMt p . ...
" it ha* been spccUcally granted to lli? United
" State*, or th?t if le incident to *of "
Uh l?r\* been Mieelflcnlly granted.'
Two davaafttr.hatrniMmittad to Congre** a
moiuf* of ?itcly nagw. In which h* had ta!<en a
comprehemitrovreif of iliit queillon; and prove*
demonitrMdy that Coiigret* hnvO'no *uch power,
Mr. 9. Mid, lie bnd detained the commllte* with
tbe*e long rqeiul* of th<? otTlclal opinion* of Pre*
sldent Maditon and Pre*!d*:il Monro*, beeauio
they wero tho recorded monument* of wisdom,
eaperlencft, and profound reflection) freed from
lophiitlcalargumenfl, and prognnnt Willi unin>
iwerable deduction*, lie tntdhl would now ex
amine win* of tbW mi** of*i>ectfled |mwera fmit
which thle Incidental powrr it iild to bo derived;
of which thoto moft relied upon were,
w *fli? power to oitablWi poit ofTice* and pott
" road4?''' f. *
11 Tho power lo rW*? and rapport nrmlr*."
M The power to provldo for fho common de
11 feneo and general welfare."
When Mi* majority of apolitical body tot ?t?
moth Interested In MqueMlon, that they deter
win#to carry It af all ?vent*. ?*?ry thlngl* mad*
16 beud to h. Before Iht* qQerflon a rote, there it
>o man, had he been naked, who wonld have Mid,
hat n ptietr lo n1*b!<tf, poit tfUu and ??* re?^/
toold menn a power to oooetruct roa.ib and exc?
rate canal*. The plain and ohvlout meaning rtf
be teim " to e*taMi*h?M It, to Mitle firmly, lo fit
mmovablv,<o makn permanent, Im.and to de.
Ined In tno dietionarioa. Whenever CongroM
'be town o? vllUgo where a poet o?te
hntl be kept.kad datlcnatet Dm road along which
ha Mail tluill pMt. ItTTilAt* pttttr !* utnbtith
?* ?mftt mni put* roadt. Thle government hat
*t*ln Mt?e?#ful operation, and ikh! ?l!le#l and
?om troadt have been e<taMi*bad In thli Way, and
id other, for SW yoare. To what t?itent it thle
iperatlon to l>e earned? there ara near ftva thou*
and pott dtteet In th? Unilnd Stale#, andlncreat'
%pjy;;z,z:vxz'd ax
a ?i. Pf.p'zvp
tjlX 'f f0*drfll6w are tlity
o ditcnmlnalef Vflll they eoottmct aleeant
rurttplke ftoadi thronjh ?oine *(atei and M*lec(
ttte* wh rdi have no, tliar* In (Wen roxde Mutt
?ililfJlr* ^ Wl thora of thThurib^
of the Union.
? defend t
?rVU?i
roeds'nw
(hMKf TO
th*y tntvt do
Aft?r Concert iBmim? JW road, the do*
By tho con?tit utIon CoaK*s? are aothorfeed (o
fext*cUe?scloslv? tafeiafoottr Mm district of
tHit wiles equar*.rortMefat?yrei?n>sait. But
| It'did not attemj*todAtM?oMp>ngrM|>MMdu
law authorising tfce ndralflSfo%d the Blstee of
Maryland andyb|iiM|PMt ii?i i|K>Md?otUwii.
ffiwSSs
jioiido nt Inw o nrntaasssmt
i|i? toll lay, tocodetiifcsauio. * Yett<>make,road*
nnd (Mill itie/wRirun through overymawnlsn.
tatUin that flesjith* way, without *My taw of
Contme, or the IffMa^dm of the State through
which th<iy nro to rtihs That which Is anthorto* .
tJ by tiiu comtfcotion. q*npo(t;b*'accepted or
c?dod without the formality of particular law*.
That which thflContiitutfou isslleet nboat. itfcede
no law. To ?p**h of takldk ??d u?lngtbe ,#oU
hy tho authority of th* States through which
them (load* and Canal# shall pau,4s to authorial*
by lawn power lp ? state to confer power* on
Hie General .Government tho Constitution does
not confer. Can tho State* make any ?odhhnr
gsln. They eanttot. Wouldit OUNMKMI with thn
sn fcty of this Union? . ? vVf-'V
" The power)* raise and supportarmies."
Title section or paragraph of the Cgn?titatio?e
hasbecn relie.1 ob a* giving this power Inciden*
tally, it is mid It is ewentisl.to ritlshigeml sup*
portlngnn nroiy llMtvotirfinUldbave good Roads
nndCenfctv ?u I we Wo heard mi ion shout tho
liiiHriiltiei ot the hut war, . One genU?o??n had
M>d it hi#speech inCenjpHui, o(*in tnUfeubJaet,
thai IN* Bnrtr*Mtn{ hit J to ftiijfklt lnhntrtJ dollar*
per bar-*I fyrjlmtr en th* JMm Hiring fht Intr.
nor. Hut, sir, this Vvm' not lot want of *wod
Miidr, it whj owJej to the giving eopts**s ?<?
friend?. and the hitmys thpUHbjtod utfon ?!??? *o
vurttment. Tout twins Wore^iq&oncd from Phi -
ladclphla to SncHM's llnrhor; where million*
might bnvo been procured' frWh "the* inimeOeb
surrounding forests for iinlliify, ortho mora prieo
of making. Bo flour w.n waggoned from thu
Mine nlnco to tho Annies nt n dtynnce,- and I* the.
neighborhood whore dour aimUAded. ? This sw
the c*u?j of the high price of (tour, and ohnoit
every thing rbe. ?
owiury romltaro bc?t to lie l?*fi fnrtheneea*
/>nn. Ami It l? to l?e recollected tlint yoOrerw
mva by your good A memorable
wm on the approach of ll efcoetny at the
City oJ' WMhlrtfion, Th*y were' nearly e*?.
hxmted irotil tlioy entered the Turn pike Road
?t Bladenttirgli. The bridgo acrtmflw pofomje,
although broi en up to prevent Jhl# IwmorfiMe
IKrtnit, gam item an ?#?/ aeceM to |H?lr?Wppl? j
at Alexand.lv Jlow nro *;'6 know before
hand where yoarA-naioy wllj ujike Ma attack'
And accordingly mav ? yourroad to aqlMWoona.
lion. fbh ealgencee of war Meramrlfy wmt
and will provide rogde. .Aad to # W "??? .W .
lefa Yoij muni prepare to K'teet your e army, riot
?v*+re you wout*t eMii tmi **here b? ehooMt t??
pi see himself, whltft rtUI.Mevr U "W1'
berliood of your Turnpike. Roahy. UnftM it i?e?
rent* the, ?nr?te*t advanlegee forM"*"**, m*o
war pravall* alvll right* mutt apd wiK.ltVf
and if you abould make ft 4hou*p<r Ttjrof?ip
Roadman eiperienced gonial will take hU owrr
r-oar?e,and make hie own Roede. General Jack
ion, at New-Orleane, di?W?'rded all Jaun clpet
law*, and eitabllihed martial law,by Wl|ich alona
he raved the* ?ily and defeated ih*Bflemy. If the
enemy coubl have Hud your Turnpike Road*
they would bite tpken the eMy before, your
army could heVe met them. The Moat eaperU
enced men of our Country believe Ira'are mut* ,
I improved State ofOtir C'oualrv, for lb*>oe<e?Vf of
our revolution. VV|??t could Marlon, bavo don*
Dot to bring thia pert of lliewhjcct.to an end,
ll U luBUIcot to rejr, whatever convenience 01
benefit might reeult Ctvtn mtnttftVeadr, If thy
convention which formed the Camtitniion did aot
Intend to give authority to Congreae to contract
military ro*d?, they cennot aaaanta .thai power
without a flnjjrniit violation of the ConatitOtion. .
TM proposition Wn? dilttnrlly and dlrretljr eeb.
niltted to theronmitlon,to gnro to Congtoa* Ike ?
power fe rH?btt$k pqit net If we*
acted on aolar at reij*eted?oW rft#d*,bot war tie*
8lived ao far aa reapaeted mHilary reed*, (k)
ben the rpiettlon waa directly negatived by Mm
eon*/ at ion, it wottld bean outrage upon every ntlo
of conttmetion, aa Well aa of good Miiae, |e rat, -
they had given Ike pewer iueldea(ally? Them
could be no tafetjr In ancb a copatnictloo, It ,
weald pe rfvfog a aftiwrtkui to atbitrary power.
Nor could H lie aaertbed to thai convention wlib
out attributing to It |b? WOfrt efiMtrj?o?e* /
11 The jiower lo nrovldo for Ilia common ?
M fence arid general w elfart.''
Tld? aentenrr, U an ewrt copy taken from th*
Wb.*i tide ol|heeonfedrialloirfatid plaeedln tho
6tl?, reetlon of Ibe ConMilution, and wa? thero
coQ?M?ired meMy Irtlroduforyto a train of eno- ?
meratiM power* which follow. W,and are ahaoit
literally the Mine aa the enemeratedpowem 'that ?
follow it In lite eoit'tkatlon. ? In Uia*Ronfe<lera
llnnlt gave no inch i>ower, norwa* it ever thmij&t ?
?f; lit the Confutation, lhe?eme wonl?, nndrr tbo
?ame clre?mna?Kc? inlr*,diwd. evidently, with
ike aiine view, Indeid literally llie tame la evetv '
ft#e?t> tnade lo tranafcr to Cmgrntt, IncMeit
lilfc * for more atnnendou* power than tUifKc;
?I power# with which it |? auoelated. In tho
lluUon tltere are thirty ilMlncity enaatW
ted itoweni that Mmedtalelv follow Hin the ana
V V tnnmerated
l!? *??* ^or* 't|ln tketame eeetlop, ?r
a^ght mmiMy be ?ptm?*d to U brought in a> ..
iw^rpW.. elaawi to fctve to Congrv.ie all Hhe.
Bwm.lf nay were lofgotlen or hot enumerated.
1 that a iweep at power, fwallowlitg up alt
>Uier |.'.wrr v ?houbl precede a train pI eatMftere
M and apeitlfled nowef*, ll an abtordU* that
taMot U adm ItedJato the mtraof eopttr{ctiof
IflljeeoavtMMlal^d toenwrge tho pow
>r? of CongroM b/lhle ele?e#, why did, tbey not
ay to atoweif. Ifciengreaa have aeeh a pew&c
trae nrHNtrile
M Cdiwtltutlon
rto(tl,.tl|r^U
been for*I