Columbia telescope. (Columbia, S.C.) 1819-1821, July 18, 1820, Image 4
Thev.rodf k'hI tolk'd of \h'? and 1
r'? ?>Vitl? qui?c xc?Utc familiar clu'i
SfordtU think a 1'acc *0 fill?,,
' OouM WWt any ba?o ibsigh.
?\j At length Ihoy came to \*h?w a woo J,
; aid* cnchu'd tliexoad;'
V" He now'threw oirthajjcii'Mnaii,
? And.qnlck'resumU the i-ufllun.
'X T>chmii'lc 1 nt.Trtthe p?llisli bill? v
W. fcii?;iiiwUft?rd ti?r i? wliilci .
> >m HUM with woh's lallUli aft,
11<: ..nn'd a fibtol al licr lio:u-t* V .
k ' ( n?e wicked, dastard, savage, bruto,
The fcut of l>?ve to thus mlutc!
A man tuiKtUlt u virgin's bnvst!
* All1?nude, by Itijin to be cutricnyM.
My bl.if.il tccf>lls in slut* the fact,
Or p on. lor o'vi' the v*rn?d ucti
Arc men, whencivil.*'*}by art,
Store rii'hic*v than tin* ?avngc heart/) -
' Vorc'd to Mibinit toliis demand,
Hiit* with her pdpitaung hand
l>r:tv out the note; but I'Mvidcnec
A rcphvr ?ent, winch btc<" it thencc.
){c?|u:ck diiimountM?sprang atruin,
This tli'itrg pupcr to reumi*!?
Mti.Mi.jvv cnthr.n'M tlic lucky chnno**,
Clnp't wl.jji to nag, u <*ny they prance.
The horso did u'xo hint,
Aii'l bo'li exert tlt'cir heels bD Miiart,
Hint t!i..'fw .'..ii?his pi?tc*l lii'd,
Their tnvtl" l>in ilu! more mvpir'd.
iiwiii .mi' ?f *i^ht tlu'V fU'ctl.t go,
llu let ? kicii m r il??:d?hi wn!
fits Jinrr iiiid h ? iMirsrd ?u;n
Arc clKitijt'd at oiicv to truut c j.nin.
And ?n?v tlio wroteli?hilt idi! loo btr,
l^tmu'its hit; nmerntdc tntcj
A'..I in diktr.cii'iri, vilnini ywore,
ft. llt'-l n?-ver inli it woman more.
f* ' 8hr.?afoly ?joii at*r.,?''d ut honici
Htcy j?io',(I svria/'d I?> we her comc
!*v'ln sui'li u hurry, and to ??*c
Another huricSn rOtopuny.
j{ HtiU'iVd w 'ii *l.v \y?p'd hefface,
And >(V>;il iii il ?? painful Ci?*i\
it.'pc i* H'fC ?mII while pijiig (,,li
AIj>? Aljfc! the/nouey's gone.
IIcp .????? r Raid, don't r*y my hooey,
L< fik hrro, thi^UVso m worth.?bi* tnontyj
ficsiih m, tin iMddlr-bi'K* muy hoM
The vjIuh ol" llii'ir wc;|(|?t id |jold.
Ab<' trisctfrton/fh, f->r nhtn rxplor'd,
J|i' i dc? fd.sc notci, a bulky hoard,
J'nll fttUu'i Imndrc'l dollim liy,
*|.i b.'lfi thi* d:iiiisu|'it marr.a^r djj*.?I). L
\s utiait cauin.
The following picture of.a ra'.nn in nn nb?cnrc
village in the v.'uil of Ireland i*fir Vm intcrvv
iiiK to lie ?iih!i*-l<l from our reader*. It ripris
(?eiiw tout what in v?aliiy hat olUn tu-cii;
hut wtiat has achfntu hern with so much
|)jpurtra)'cJ.~tht iuteivat *xciic?t h> tliU scene
is fjreatly ^ci|;!i<in<<l by llie indication* which
?it uti'ofti* of the ewtfoe o| the hntninc and
liiinlly affections in tlii houri of our author.
?*, On quitting the rnrrfage, I follow
ed a little hoy, wliof.n rtirjo?)fy ||iu)
led him to hike a view of uh. Dirt and
rag* eould not nWuro the heitKh ninl
intelligence which Ilia countenance dis
played. Ilu v\ us hastening lo announce
parents, llio arri* ill of Grangers*
mill reach the cabin n litflo before mi*.
As (apprmtclic*2 ihcdnot'llie. ht-iglit of
wl?i?'?i<li#t noloXreed lone feet mid n half,
1 ? ns l*y the father bending double
. tn % 'i out. of hty wretched abode. In
rVeeting himself, he pr*?Vrtteil tin'
i>a?i ?.!'it man, ihtr.i m rH pro
pnftioned, iitid albl^'le. I wjls no
much struck with his nppenraiKc, that
1 irvnluot.Hvy stepped hark.
"I'litfgiganticilgupr, Imre. lle&drd
IkCoI'I! oi hart ? beai'<l that would not
have iiis",Ti" eil an anliout laraeUtej lin
! was with it shoes Of stockings, ami
utnihftt a ...*n?*.ci?!oftc( with a t out, oi*
rather a jacket, fh.it appeared us if tin*
th at blast of n? iii'1 would tear ittj? taU
ti'Ts. Tiio* Iris #urti wn? thus tattered
lie had a manly n.mmauijlug Coun
tenance. I asked permission to hoc
the. Inside of his eabitij to whieh I re. j
- i.elvrd liift most rooMeaufc assent. On
stooping to filter ul tin: door, I waa
flopped, and found (hat permission
another wits necessary hefore I
could he? admitted. A jjiifr, which was
fastened to a slake drh r n into t lio floor,
with length of ropesnflificiitto permit
Mm flic enjoyment of sum. nuU ulr, de.
manded tmme courtesy, which 1 allowed
Mm/ aiitf was Stilfcreil to enter. the
wife, was engaged in boiling thread;
And by her side, n*?r the Hro, ft lovely
infant was sleeping without any rover
lng, on ? km board.
uncoil with tny own
... _,.?<>>\thrv6otherchildftii
\vucil;roiiii(l tho mother; ontheii
MH
wujjjjuivly sufHcieol to eat^y denary,
Uer ^countenHncobnic lltjb impression
til n NettlcllihHanchnly, tinctured with
ttjoi appeurnntd of ill health.' The
hovel, which did nht eXt:co?l 12 gir,!3
lectin lungth, tvnU to In Jjrcadth, wufl
foil* objured by.Mtokiu-chimney ot
wlndhw I saw nom ; tho d??or h? i vcU
the varhnm f?Utyos<\rt of an in fist tolikyt
the uutfet to smoke. The furniture
K?t; laid on planks, nerved as u bed for
tile ivpor.o of tho whole, family. Need
1 attempt to ik-Rci'ltib my, scnsitfiohsJ
Thostutemcntnlouecunnot fail of coii
veying to a mind liko youi-M an ttde,.
quote idea of tlioim I could not long
remain a w itnesa to thin scone of human
misery, Aa I left jthc deplorable ha
bitation, tlirt mi stives followed ino,to
repent In r thanks tor tho trlllo I had
bestowed; this gave moan^pportunity
of observing her person nmrr particu
larly. Hlic was n toll figure, her coun
tenance composed ofint6resting fea
tures. ami With every appearance of
having once been handsome."
The pulpit of St; Gudule's Church,
at Brussels, is the curious production
of Henry Verbruggen, and is placed in
the middle of the. iinve. At, the base
are Adam and Kve, large as life, tlil?
expelling angel, and death in tho rear.
Our flrst parents, though closely pur
surd, bear upon their shouldcrstho ter
restrial globe,, the cavity of which is
filled by the preacher. From the globe
rises a tree, whoso top extends into a
runup), sustaining an angel, and
Truth, exhibited us a female genius.
Above, an* the Virgin and tho infant
Jcmus, ( rushing the serpent's head with
a cross.?The steps on either side
appear as if cut from trunk* of trees,
and are accompanied with carvings of
tho ostrich, eagle, peacock, parrot, ^c.
, KI.RPIIANT HUNTING.
The art of catching elephants is
iiiiirli tin* tunic. in priuciidc every
where, but there; i* some variety ju tjj?
mode of apply lug it/ \ he natives* who*
follow it us a profession, must srpifcrc
tiuif dcvicen to the local resources af
liy the, country, The following
narrative is given in- a letter, dated
Coimbatnre, April 2. I8t0? hy an eye
witness. This specimen affords one
fact relating to the habits of the animal
which, in tin; opinion of the Writer. In
a rontrihutioii to the page of nUturnl
history.
Early in Febunry last, about 3000
people assembled At the place of ren
dezvous on flio skirts of thu jungle; ami
the haunts of the elephant being as
certained, a semi-circular line of'peo
ple, provided with tire arms, (omn
iums, &c. ami extruding for several
miles, was then farmed roumV them,
eAcli end of,the line reaching a chain
Of hiltH, the passes through which' hail
be? u previously stopped ami guarded
by parties of matchlock men. The ob
ject of this lino was to drive tho ele
phant* towards a narrow gorge, sur
rounded with steep , hills,, in which
tjiej'e was abundance of fOml nipl wa
ter for them foif1 several days; this,
however* was no e^sy tuskjjM the ele
phants frequently attempted to forcc
the llries, niulgetolTtothe eas(<vard( but
the Hue gradually closed on them, anil
halting (it night, lu-pi up large fires to
piwvut th'.iir breaking through, and,
filter ten or twelve day** Ibbor, at Inst
succeeded in driving them into the
intruded place, wherb they were close
ly Hurrojtffdeil and kept in lor several
days. Meantime, at the d"bouehc ol
thlw pans, several hundred people were
busily engaged in digging a deep dllch,
endowing about a quarter of a mile ol
(froundf leaving only the space of a
?w yald.s as an entrance untouched,
' Tavo dit' ln-s were cut from the en
trance to a1 hill on one side* and to n
rock on the other* to prevent the ctu<
phants passing the cnclusurej on the
outside of the ditch a matting ol
lirr.nrhcft about sly feet high wu*
ill ami to give it a formidable ami
lrwna<ombh? appearance of jungle,
When all thifi wu* completed, the pro
|dewerc removed from that place, ami
those at the other end commenced
tiring, shouting, ami making ns mucli
noise as possible with drums and chol
era horns, which fto intimidated tin
eleohanls that they uiftdo the host 01
thejr way to the oirtMtfto end; and tli<
! people, following close, with the assist
fM)$0 t)f*H few rockets, di'iir* tffelt
$88
||0l_, W?W T.K
matchlocks, to vepc) any attempt tin
elephants might make to ci'osi it.
\< Noxtifyiy eight tameelephants won
introduce*) into, tlio pifclosuiV.thp Ma
SoUtt*' couched qIoso ontyielr?<*to
and coveM *wHji dark cloths. Tlh
object of tlio tniiio ouch wisrtOnbparuV
<>no;0f tliH WlIrt from* tlio licrd.atHUhol
W% When thin \vfts accomplished
fouf itifcllftUtH, wilfMft pi^ftsuion is t<
catch elephunts, cicpt betwecM the leg*
of the tOme ones, ami lmviugs Ms tenn
strong, ropes' to the hi ml legs'ftf.thi
wild fbllMtv* secured l)ini to the ncumc
trccrlHit tUc maWoots then tytltcd ftf
wards the ditch} and the tftiue
pliants/caving the enptive to hisStrug
glosywnt ?(tcr the others: - , j*
111 Hi* Way twenty-three elephant'
where pptUrediusix days, without
the panics engaged meeting, wltU;thc
aHglM arelMnt, to thcgrai tnmnse.
incut ol'\!io spectators, who, porehcil AH
trees overhanging the Mclofnire; Wit
uVssed tlln Miort with nit sharing in the
danger. Tim Sagacity of Mm tamo
elephants} the address and courage oi
the Mahouts iron) the cast of the flrst
rope, until tlio last hind was tied? the
iugM?f tin animals u>on fludii|g them
selves entrapped, nndtheir astonishing
"XeVlion to get freo, ptford altogether
a krone ut' no orditjiry rto,velty and
interest.
One of the olephnjts calved in the
enclosure; the young inn was sufficient ?
ty fttmng to run aboit with its motlin;
the first Ami''to naturalists it
may 60 satisfactory t<| know, that th?
voting elephant surlfkvith the month,
ami not with the prdascis as is gene
rally supposed.
? K'?t<r|
* i
INDIANS 0> MISSOURI ?WIIITK DEAR
HUM]
Extract from a aeries ofWes on the Misson.
ri Kivcr, anil some of tliepntivn tribe*, ky <?
jfcntlcinan jittacluxl to Uua'cHow Stone lixpi
?iilioti, in 1810: puUI.J)C<l;it the I'ctcrabun;
Intelligencer:
. The Pawnees tiro
the Osages, Kunne.s,
ionv at waf with
ioux, and Span
iards; their war oxt rsiomi arc very
frequently tarried int tin* settlement*
of thelatter, from whjirc they procure
a great number of Ilia horses; they
likewise obtain bursa from the nations
south of them, for tlillr b ankets, guns,
flee. Tboir horses fc* mil again to
the nftlfon* on -r*? ?#.r?%**??
or treble tho quantity't,icy tppear fc>
prefer obtaining Koijujy'nu goods, by
lids species of trmflh.jo limiting for
beaver, anil other va'uihle fur'.; ami
tboir trade in of very Ittle importance
to the whiten.
*Tijetr war jnu'tie, last summor
brought Uiem hi nfl'ly 400 horses,
principally stolon ftin tl?o Spanish
settlements. I'orinfiy tboy bold the
Spaniards in great r+poct, as they pat
largo detachments o troops into Ihcir
country. Since It /}, however, tho
Spaniards have not ana so, restrained
probably by the com leration that the
territory belong to i? United states,
and being debarred J oin the only ef-1
fectual moans of choking Indian do-!
nrcdation; tboir settlijioiits are plucod ;
in tho borders of I'mida.
The agriculture oflhft Pawnees, is
ilbftujL the siinv as (in Kansos, and
OHoch; like thy Only reside in
tboir villages ituriiq the inl?i vats of
planting nad gatherir* their corn; liv
ing noarof (he habitus haunts of tho
llutfnlo* than those utioiW, they sub
slat uioio oxelnnivi'ly oVltj they never
bunt on tin* MisKonrit'ind have but lit*
?whites,
laughty people,
is of their own
lie intercourse with t
Tboy sire a proud
and !mve givat idc
tftlk'nglh wild impo iance, One of
their principal men to! I (ho interpreter,.
? What ifo Wo care fo the whites; did
not our 'others Jive very well, with
out I;iiovin;; thai (Itiiji people had an
Cxixfew6 ? M?ve w^ not plenty of
buffalo inoat, And corn, liot only for
oorselvis, but to give out' friends,
when ttoy come to 9ft us; and what
Pawner is sf> poor, that lie cannot,
if ho cIooho, give Ills '.guest ft horse to
ride lunto? Who Isthire In the world,
that not know <>!' the bravery,
und hUKbcr of thtvgreat Pawnee na
tion?' Notwithstanding, however, tho
good opinion they liaVo or themselves,
they are believed to less warlike
tlmu their .neighbors, owing to the
Compar'utiv easo with which the)
live, subsiting entirely on buffalo,
which tliojl Hud so Hour them. Tlu
i ham of le buffalo* besides heirijj
less labori n? than that of the elk oi
door, does not require the use of Art
arms# wit which the Pawnee* an
Hot expel- Their languago is mor<
guttural tlau that of the fCitn*e4 ant
Utffces, Mid approaches nearer to tin
Hiouxj tMlr (Inures are toll ?ml slim
SB37
''M
Hint ifpeoullarfo Jhem, Tliteir #o<oriii
went, llko tljftt if OtUM&> i\ tin
ill ftvihtoerkcy; tlio ; ppwdi
mor^'teyln thojr persons, lodge*
and cooking, than thy other. -tribes.
tu ir rnuiniii aiMhiiv ftu\
ttu?t frequently lead them to dcspvrate
deeds,. About two yearssmce, a ti a
bren^uvork oflhwr nacksof leaver,
and Hiially succ^cd^il Ip boding oil
tlw'i.iuUjiiifl, killing; Ave pr six fif th ?Mh
.uqUi
lYlendH,mudo a furious
themse|u:s: IIIey , wore both ciit to
lUcces; th'o,n\ctnoryof these men in
universally cherished; ,they aro tclu
.bra^cd' In ulllholrwar tongs.
Tlitf 1'ivwrMT^ mid tliat formidable
animal the white ort grizly bear, in
jilicii* hunting excursions to wan In the
licail of La Platte river. * Oil the Mis
souri, it is seldom seen Ijelow tlio grcitt
hend, and is found most IVoijucutly on
the Yellow Stone, and its brandies;
and at tlio three forks of the Missouri.
This hear will usually attack a man,
if approached very near, Indians
consider it a groat exploit to kill one
of them. When tlmy are alarmed,
they rise completely erect on their
hind legs, and dart forward by jumps;
(hey move much swifter than a man
-.'an run, rushing forward with the
utmost ferocity, their -mouths wide
open, and snapping their teeth, winch
makes n noise like the shiHtiog o!' a
steel tram a man attacked by one of
them, oniho open plains of the Missou
ri, has but little chance of escape, if
there be neither trie to climb, nor
water to take to. The tenacity of
life in tlioau unimcls has been exag
gerated,but is very remarkable; as mu
ny Us thirteen balls have been put into
them, without killing thom. but there
are also instances of their betfig killed
by two, or even one ball; they attack
and kill a buffalo,. dragging him to
their haunts, where they bury if they
do not wish to eat hloi.
These animals aro si* florae,' Ardent
and furious, that ificy soon* exhaust
? i t ,i*ifryftn tu inu^uit} they arc
hunted by tin. ^.liuny on horseback:
a party of tlireo or torn*
mounted, approach tlio bear, and
of them provokes liitt to pursue hi in;
tills lid does with Ids utmost force; the
lioiwmao, to avoid tho hear, litis to
liut his horse, 1<i Iti'j nu'tal; lit) leads
liiin round a circle, towards his com
panions, oiie of whom iw?vnkcs Itim;
lie in easily made, to quit the old pur
suit, und join in tho new; lie is again
led round, and again induced to pur
sue a fresh horse; the hear pursues
until lie, becomes completely exhausted,
lays down apparently lifeless; is per
fectly horn <iu comlmtt, and may bo
approached and shot by putting the
tnuzfclc of the gun to liis car. Nothing
can ho more animating, it it* said, than
thin hunt; there in no danger of the
hear overtaking the horse, uulrs'j lie
lulls; if, however, tli^ rider Htiould he.
thrown, anil the bear get a blow at
him, death appears inevitable} sue It
in the immense. foiro with which they
iihc their claws. It takes a hcur four
or live yearn to altaiu its growth;
they are supposed to arrive at a very
old age, as they arc frequently found
with their claws worn nut. .
Tho Pawnee. Loups occasionally
hum their prisoners alivo, as a sacri
fice to the Great filar (hoy worship.
Whcita war parly goes out* I hey Rutnn
times make, a Vow that if they lake
any prisoners, they will itacrificu tlicuj
to the Great Star, expecting It will
tend to produce success in war. The
unfortunate victim, thus taken and
destined to suffer, is delivered aver
tii the priest and jugglers, who con
fiuo him to what they cftll tlift mr.dl
cine lodge, where all the iucantatioiis
ami ituiglc performances are executed;
the victim Is aware of the fate, that
awaits him, and during the time of
couliuement is feasted on llio Ihost do*
Urate vlandsi to make him a fat, ac.
ceptahle offering. He remains in this
situation, until either the time of plant
ing crtrn, or the going out of a war
party, lfo Is then brought opt, amidst
the shouts ami screaming of the, wllole
village, and tied to a f rov?, with his
aims extended; the old men, \vom?n
anil children, rush upon him. each
tarmed with a firebrand, which I hey
apply to the body of tho sufiVrer; afl"?
enduring tlieso torments for some time,
the w&frlora draw their bows, ,anil
O.A nhihutHiia *tik uMl'iil<tiinftl<
*- icritiinated, by
lit, tho formeri
latter their. t<uU
thu 0110 bvlUnlilf, -L
groW much. betWiVl/pVOiWqacr
foWflf?"*- -
?ww in war, ot> ,jkHt1
t?ulral(?i tho body S>v tho
praollco of Indtaivi oii'tln-. Misfit
,y'ith' rnoftt natl<iifa u lYrltyiuer
in t.hoii' village, excepfjVom j)ie oct
atonal elfi,'rv(wcei?cc of tho rage pi^
dividual*!, from which no person ia i
pvifct AjUojit two year* since, uBpan
Mi boy via* taken pri4onci>and ?or
dunned 10 , go ; sacrificed. ? He vd
saved, however, l?y tho greatcut exe
tiop of wn?o traders, who chanced
bo at the village; it was, howcvij
etfV'led wjtU groat dllUcuUy^ jlmt
considerable espouse in present*. ,
? Among lho 1 l'awiices, null pom'#
other nations, their I* kept wUh great $
reverence ami care, n certain bag;
containing many things deemed by ,-y
tlieso superstitious petiplo sacred; tho
linger* of their enemies, tho rattle of
the ratfle*nuke,e1aw8 of tho white bear,
and certain birds stuftedf tliov seldom l
opott tilts bag* but when they <fo. so it Is 4
on going to war, with tho dcteriuiiin^]
{Ion of not returning without sheddlp?4
human blond-?no warrior Venturas W
return without doing tliiN. Oti on*:
occasion, a warrior, who had opened
bin bap;, was out fur six mouths with
out meeting with any opportunity of
spilling the blood of his enemies. lio
determined to return, and Mil the first
person ho mct^ he returned accord
ingly, nod the first person he mot,
happened (o he his own mother, whom
III- iminedintviy tomahawked and
adalo^d.
No Indians, that, we liavo met, sur
render I lie persons of their wives or
daughters to the embraces of stran
gers. Chastity is regarded as a vir
tue, or rather tho inconveniences at
tending its violation, amounts, uuumg
the unmarried, to u prohibition of the
crime. infidelity, among married
women, is an od'e.nce for which tlv
husband inflicts puuisliment. Genera]
ly corporeal casiigati6iij-> wittr a elf
or whip; or it produces u scpcrntinn i
the parties. Tho temper of, tho 1
hand Is' the tribunal, by whloll
extent or manner of punishment^
regulated. A great warrior, who hi
hh'o ?liw.'itvfi'Nil ilmi liir? wife ami m
faithful, had his best horse saddlt;*]
put a tine buffalo skin over him, at
the tf)JP^Lthc
camo out, he told him finttWwllUijjj
his hortic* and his buffalo/ akin, .,
gave them all to him. Huoh instand
of generosity arc believed by tho In
dians, (when they su^poso fear has no J
influence) to make the great man. If
a wifo supposes herself badly treated,
she can leave her husband, go to her
relation,,or marry another. Tho hus
band can ulso turn off his wife when
ho '? chooses : notwithstanding thin,
many instance* of long continued
association are liy uo means uncom
mon. There appear* to bo no par
ticular matrimonial ceremony rtiado
use of; there are few unm$t;ried men,
and fewer unmarried wotaen among
Indians.
In communities, wIicit commercial M
transactions extern! merely to sc.i <?i:
(iiwioiial barter. for (lie conveniences
of life, where wealth given no privi
lege#, add ronlVra no importance*
and where the HubMstance of evfcpy
man l? obtained. dot by a'applying tlio
wanta of other*, but immediately from
? be forest, there can be but littlo hu
ei'Hjriiy for municipal regulations, to
settle ronrrrnlnR pwnrrty*
No tribunal* exint for the trial fit'
crimcAf ihelr dillVreuce.s arfl aenerally
nettled by yielding to the interference
of friends, or the voice of public opiii*
?<m. ;<s to what in proper to be done.
?Li. , i ,i1 ?ti.ilj
JWnmrl.?'Th? extent of tlw pro|M>ied Mute
or Mi?*otirl i* frequently bsked. According to
the lull rtport<'d M tlicr l.isl ressioti, it was al
lowed n fVoM of on the Ali.?<ii?*ippL
Willi llit Miiio'irl rivee iatlio cam re, and
mi uvcrtifte depth ol'nhnut 2>'/J fntlc^.Tltft ftt. l/m.
in f'.nqiiiftr, nay*. "after you g?t back fociy or
flftymile* from die MiWMippi, the naked nnd
urid plit'iM net in, und the country U uninliahl*
(utile, erfcopt upon the borders ot crteki And
yir-'/t) "-Hid lllif l'?IVf it#*}'
(ripf?f?tieotly ) "Hid hor It'jfeor*^//"
yo.,'(v(ol?!e<iy.) "if'.d Imr it ffa&Ji
drrlu r KiiU" ' V.- ,- '?**<? vqU wtiir I
A't?, I h mna no h" ?
IAW ULAttffim
A'liatlu livintml at ihla Ofllr