Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Wednesday, March 1916. THE PRESS AND STANDARD' “T* PAGE THREE XEFORT ON JAU BY STATE BOARD VISIT OF ASSISTANT SECRE TARV RESULTS IN THE FOLLOWING REPORT CANT KfcEP CLEAN lni|x>*siblc to Keep Jail ('lean and’ Sanitary Acconlinjj to Ite|N>rt S of J. I). Iliphant. In a recent visit to Walterboro. A. D. Oliphant. assistant secretary of the State Board of Charities and Corrections, visited the county jail, and on his return to Columbia is sued the following report as to con ditions found on his visit. This re port made by Mr. Oliphant will be of especiaV interest following as U does upon the heels of-'the rpeort and recommendations made by the grand Jury in its presentment la.it week’. • ( The report follows: Colleton County Jail. Visited February 1!«; 1^16, by A. D. Oliphant, with Jailer L. C. Pad gett. Average population, 6; maximum recorded population. 2,7; capacity, about 10. • (ieneral Itemark*. Th‘e Colleton county jail is pra<-i ticallg a duplicate of the Orange burg county jail, on which, on the recommendation of the State Board of Charities and Corrections and the • Orangeburg grand jury, about $4.- 500.00 is to be spept In repairing and remodeling its interior. The Interipr construction of the Colleton jail, 'as- in*the case of the Orange- \ burg jail, makes sanitation practic ally impossible. , • , I. Administration. ’ * The. Colleton jail is in charge of Mr, L. C. Padgett,, jailer and deputy * sheriff, who- lives on the first floor with his wife and Jhn*e members.of bis family. Dr. C. 11. Ks’Dorh is the county physician. He visits the jail only when called and does not vaccinate prisoners against, typhoid or small pox or make any |>ysical ex amination of them on admission. Sick prisoners s;tny in their eells. The jailer, who Is appointed by Sheriff J. iy. Ackerman, makes an of--' tort to secure prompt - preliminary hearings for prisoners, Thjja Jad was inspected by the gramfSiury in November, HH5. Lo cal interest' in the management of the jail is practically absent.. II. The Jail. . ' The jail is two stories high, built \ of brick, with a tin roof. It is said \to have been erected seventy-five years ago. but the date of its erec- . tion has.not been verified. It is lo cated about one block -from the. bus iness section of Walterboro. It is near the center of a large lot con taining a grove of trees. The resi dence of the jailer on the first floor ' consists of four rooms lighted by lamps and heated by fireplaces. There are no sewerage connections in the jailer’s residefice. The jail kitchen was in fairly good order on the day the jail uTis visited. White men prisoners are put in a room -near the head of the stairs. This room is entirely separated from the quarters of the other prisoners.' On the opposite side of the hall from the room used for white men. there is another room which might be used for white women should the. neces sity arise. It is generally used, how- evec. to confine white' male prison ers who have commited a slight of fense. These two rooms are heated by fireplaces and lighted by lamps. Their floors and ceilings afe of ‘-vqqjI. The brick walls ar«« also sheathed' Vith boards which are aboitt Inches thick The walls of these "rooms have not been cal- somined or whitewashed in the last four years. , The floors are mopped occasionally.*• ,but thev cannot be scoured, as they leak badly. On west side*of the Jail on the second floor, there is a large room’ which contains a steel “cage” of two cells. This room has been subdivided by wooden partitions into four compart ments. the largest of which now contains the steel/ cell. The* three remaining compartments are simply wooden cells which are nqt occupied and wetie unfinished on the day of the visit. This room is used ,t‘o rnn-' fine negro'male and female prison ers The negro males are, osual.lv kept in one of the two steed cells and «,the- negyo females -in the other cell. On the day of thoi visit, the only prisoner, a uegrn man had the freedom of the ratiro roonj. room is heated by a stove near itw center. It is not lig+itcel at night Besides the wooden > partitions in this room, wooden sheathing on t»y Vriek walls adds greatly to the fire risk. III. The Prisoner*. The prisoners receive no special medical attention on admission, un less th*v are 111. They are not re quired to Jtathe. nor are thev anoint- 1 ed unless the jailer thinks that their .bodies are infested with vetniin. Rel atives bring the nrisoners clean clothing or the jailer buys it for them. The bedding conaists jof blank ets which are washed once or twice w month in winter and once a week in summer. The bedding is aired about, twice a week. The prisoner^ food is prepared by a cook hired br the jailer. On the day of the visit the prisoner?’- bill of faf^’ was given as follows: * Breakfast: Wheat bread, fried bacon, hominy. Dinner: Peas, hominy, boiled ba- con. Supper: None served. In the cells fok white males ther » I* a, lavatory. There is a lavatorv Bind a flush toilet in the corridor of the “cage" used for negro males and females, and another iututory and flush toilet in the exterior corridor of the large room containing tlfL “cage ” There is one galvanized tfb for the tjge of .the prisoners. The Jailer says Hiat in summer the pris oners bathe nearly every day^and in winter every week. The jailer has no method of punishing prisoners. New prisoners committed to the jail are not initiated by the old prison- < ‘ rs -. Tb* 1 prisoners get no exercise besides jsijch as cleaning the jail af fords them- Special Notes. Despite the'Handicap of its con struction. this jail was found in fair ly good eondition on the day ij. was viaited. the flqors.being fairijr clean. V. Ileconnmmcltirions. 1. The records of the prisoners kept by the sheriff should be enlarg ed to include their ran* age, sex-an 1 medical attention given them. The county physician should be paid for and required to’practice preventive medicine among the prisoners in the jail, including vac cination, >te.. and to make physical .examinations of all prisoners admit ted to the jail. 3. The interior of the jail shauld be remodeled. The remodeling should have for its aim <a) the better separation’oT the negro sexes. <bi the improve ment of sanitary conditionak-apcKtci the reduction of the fire h»c*rd7 (To particularize—^egro female prisoners should l*jix?onfined in one of the two smaJJ-'-nmnis at the head of the stairs leading to the* second floor. The remaining room at th»* head of the stafrs should be reserved , as a dc-tention^ room fot* white wo men. white boys, and white men who can b^ trusted not to c*scapc*. jjl is not probable that more than one of any of these thre*e classes of prisoners will be confined in. the jail at the sanfe timei. The* wooden floor, sheathing of’the walls, ^parti tions -and ceflipgs in the main- cell room shpubl Ik* tdrh out. The .wood en floor should he replaced by a floor of re-inforced concrete, or 'of qiive water proof and slow-burninc material. The wooden sheathing of the walls should be replaced by ce ment • plaster. * The wooden ceiling should be replaced by a mein I ceil ing. In place of the present useless wooden partitions which clutter the main cell room and impede the cir culation of,, the air. one partitioff of sheet metal should be built to cut off We beg to inform the Ladies of Colleton and Bamberg Counties, that we have Opened anUp-to-Date Millinery store Ehrhardt whout one, third of the floor space to ward the soutih wall of the jail in the main cell loom. This portion of the room should contain a steel cell for white male prisonnrs who can- rot he trusted not to escape. The two steel cells now in the jail should be reserved for negro male prison ers. The wooden'stair case leading o the second door of the jail should >e replaced by an iron staircase.) 4. -.The prisoners’ quarters should be lighted by electricity. The* 1 sw itch controlling th^se lights should be in the jailer’s Hiuarters. ♦ STATE BOARD OF CHARITIES & CORRECTIONS. A. I). Oliphant. Asst. Sec. Husband and Wife Both if Saved From Sutfering I wish to tell you the good results myself and husband received from Dr. Kilmer’s Swamp-Root. About eleven years ago I had a severe at tack of La Grippe and w'as confined to-niy bed about eight weeks under the doctor’s care.- He prornounced my rase kidney trouble and rheuma tism and not receiving the results from the doctor’s treatment I should have received, I decided to e try Swamptitoot* After taking seveiti bottle? of Swamo-Root I was able to* get un and attend to trv wrrk Abois a year !ater mv I ushand was affected with a severe attack of kldn^y trouble and, doctored for some time with the doctors and received no’ benefit. Knowing of the good I had received, he decided to try Swamp- Root. His condition was such that he was ^•nfined to hi? bed and words cannot tell how he suffered, but af ter taking'Swamp-Root he was re lieved so he could go On with his work without pain. I wish to heart ily recommend Swamp-Root to all persons afflicted with kidney ami bladder troubles and you may pub lish this letter .if you ^vish. Vours -truly. MRS. .V. E. BRIGGS. Eld red. P.a Sworn and kubscziltciL^-tirsfmfore me this ‘-'.Mil day of Jqav .1 !*1 L’." IRA’ MCCARTHY/ Notary Public. Dr. Kilmer & C«.. * I lilngbanitnn. X. V. I Mr. and Mrs. George Hickman, of r Edisto Island, were the guests of their father. Henry Craven, and fam ily. of Round, last weejf. a - The Court of I.aet Report. Prove What Swnlti|»-Root Will lh> For Vou Send ten-cents to Dr. Kilmer & V'o., Binghamton, N. Y>. for. a sam ple size bottle. It will convince any one. You will also receive a booklet of the writing, be sure and mention The Walterboro weekly.Press and Stand ard. • Regular fifty-cent and one-dol lar size bottles for sale at all drug stores. t. .1 (DU >« I I I clirMJ 1 x l v valttabb* information about e kidneys' and bladder. ' Wltpn 1 > AroVind the stove of the cross mails grocery Is the real court of last resort, for it finally over-rule*-* all, others. Chamberlain's Cough Remedy has been brought before this court in -almost every cross roads'•grocery in this country, and has always received a favorable ver dict. It is In the country where man expects to receive full value for his oney that thia remedy Is most an predated. ’ For sale by all dealers We take this opportunity of Extending you a Cordial Invitation to attend our First 1916 Spring Opening, which will take place on FRIDAY AND SATURDAY, MARCH 17TH AND 18TH. We have secured the services of Miss Etchberger, an experienced Milliner from Baltimore, and She will Strive in every possible way .o please you. In addition to our line of Millinery, we also have a full line of Warner’s “Rust Proof” Corsets, Shirtwaists, Silks, Ribbons, Laces, Embroideries and other Novelties. Ehrhardt 4 H. KARESH, Prop. Ehrhardt, S. C. Uses and Abuses of Fertilizers By Prof. R. i. H. De--Loach, Director of Georgia Experiment Station. • 1. THE USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS—HISTORV. The Firet of a Series of Six Articles: We would not be disposed to try to give a complete history of ihe use of oommerftal fertilizers, but only to show bow this great Industry began and, grew in the Southern Uniteil States. Generally speaking, the fanners of this generation inherited the habit ot applying fertilizers to soils, but have not been taught th^ underlying principles ot the-Industry. The use-of some kind of manures on soils with crops for the purpose of In creasing the yields goes back to ancient times. We know that many ancient people applied animal manures to their soils for this purpose. The t’hinese, centuries ago, applied manures of various kinds to,their soils and gard&Qk-and with phenomcnai results. In Von Tshudi’s Travels in Peru we find that aa early as the middle of the last century notes were being taken on the actual value of Guano by,the Peruvians. . - Jlousingault speaks of seeing fields in Peru on which wheat grew every year for two centuries, ami the yield still high and the growers prosperous. The practice of using mineral fertilizers was introduced direct from Pe ru to the United States in the year 1M6, and was based on such reports as we find above. It had already been used in England before It found ita^. way ivitb the United States, but Peru seems to be the country in which the application of minerals to soils as plant food originated. Wo do not know- this is true, but all evidence points to this. It is of greater intereat to us therefore that we know al*>ut the .customs in Peru. The First Use of Peruvian Guano. The first man in the Southern States to use this Peruvian guano was David Dickson, of Sparta, Ga., who saw an advertisement of It in the old Ameri can Farmer published in Baltimore. The South has perhaps never had a more successful farmer th&r. David Dixon, who made many millions of dollars farming, and who waa a plom-er, in many other lines as well as In the use of mineral fertilizers. In the year 1846, the year after it was intro duced into the United States, he bought three sacks and used It, and on find ing that It. paid him, bought it in increasing quantities till the year >$55* and 1856, when he “went Into It fully.” As Is suggested above this /s no doubt the first Instance of the use of a concentrated mineral ferflli/er on cotton in the United States 'The universal success w ith Which Mr. Dickson met In tfce use of this ruvian guano led many other promtnent farmers to follow Ids example, and in every reported case, success followed Its use. We are oqpstrained to believe that the application of this mineral fertilizer" to the cotton and other crops in the South could not possibly have been art accl- deht. Its success was unquestionably based on the actual needs of the soil. A quickly available manure was what the crop neoded, and when this was once applied results were evident.’ . - • Aftet a time it was found that the Peruvian guano, which contained prin cipally nitrogen, produced too much stalk and not much increase in th« yield of fruit, and hence its use was somewhat discouraged for a season. The First Use of German Potash. About this time the war between 'he States began, and at the same time the discovery of the potash*beds of Germany, also, the offering on the market of varioiis kinds of. mineral fertilizers resulting from the teach ings of Von Liebig of Germany,~who was at that lime the greatest cham pion in the world of agriculture and its iiosslbilities. As a" result the pop ularity of Peruvian guano subsided and more study was "given the gen eral question of the use ot mineral manures, both by farmers theitoselvea and the students of agriculture. Two great contributing factors to the rise of the fertll zaL.trade in the South are first the abolition of slavery, and second, the rise of agricul tural education. Before the war the question of land was secondary. If growing farm crops in the South “wore the land out,” there were plenty of slaves to ‘^takei Ip mofe land" It was cheaper to take in land than to pay for any artificial manure. * In 1*62. the Morrill Bill pas.-ed t'ongress, creating agricultural college^ in the various state*, after which there be gan a campaign/for improving method* In agriculture Experiments at public expense witire" begun on a small scale, and -tiic public was induced to make greater use of plant foods of all j inda/na well ?.< to' improve methnda of tillage. This, of course, caused an immediate Increase in the uso of min eral plant foods, and out pf which grew demands for great quantities of fertilizers. From this great demand there sprang up fertilizer factories in all parts of the country. All kinds of materials were tried out, some waa good, and-soma waa not, but much of both kinds' used. The factories had no restrictions and many of them palmed off on the farmers anything that would amell strong and that could be put In sacks. This condition on ac count of atate lawn did no| last long We begin the next article by giving a resume of the part taken lb the rise of the trade by the states themselvea, FINKEL’S SHOE SHOP Shoes Repaired and Sold » . AllJWork First Class and Guaranteed. Prices Reasonable.^ All we ask is a Trial. A. F1NKEL, Manager * Glover’s old stand on Court House Square -N THE BAILEY-LEBBY COMPANY Machinery, Mill and Plumbing Supplies Automobiles, Tires and Accessories V 4 " . Agents For* ^ The U. S. Tire Company’s CELEBRATED G. & J. TIRES Charleston, South Carolina V • ■ i » » SANITARY AND CLEAN WE PRIDE OURSELVES ON THE CLEANLINESS OF OUR BARBER SHOP AND Tim PERSONAL NEATNESS OF OUR BARBERS. . —Let us attend to your needs— SMITH’S BARBER SHOP , . H. H. SMITH, Prop. Next to Terry A Shaffers Main Street. Paul W. Higher, of the Edisto gectibn. was among those in Wal terboro Monday. Mr:“RJsher is on* of the pioneer tobacco planters of *he county*’ and expects to piaflt ^gain this year. His seed bed Is al ready-prepared anf l plants up nicely. I A Specific Against (’olds. »vrt< |I6 : **m. Itfccr liatdti •n't Cm The wor»l cate*, no ■utter of how long atanging, are' cir«4 by the wonderful, oM reliable Dr. pnrter'a Antiseptic Healing Oil. It rebeeee Pau. -vaj Ucai* .t tie tunc time. Sc. Me, |L0k The nearest thing to a specific :tgainst colds Is a sleeping porch or open bed room and a cold sponge bath every. morning when you first get up. ‘Even then you will ooeaa- ionally take a cold, especially whrw colds are epidemic, and when you do you will'flnd Chamberlain's Cough Iti-medy a gfeat help In enabling you to get rid of It. Try It. For sale by all dealers. ' O We have just received another car of fine < Farm Mules, and a shipment of FORD CARS is expected this week. % We shall be pleased to see anyone in need of a MULE or a CAR. Rizer & Ayer WALTERBORO S. C. V