Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Farmers’ Union Department. “—-if - - This Deparment is intended for the use of the members of the Farmers’ Union in this county and is open to their use % Let your communications be in Saturday to insure appear ance the following week THE SOIL depths, from the Mississippi Delta to _ j i a* e n *ked hill-from a hundred feet Having considered the general sub] ^ nothin ^ ject in its relation to other sciences, and proven, as we think, the right of Agriculture to be called a science, and given a very brief outline of its history, we will take up the subject itself. The first thing in fact and import ance is the soil. This is the farmer’s capital. He can do no business at all without it. If he has no soil, he can do no farming. If he has a fair quality of soil, he can do fairly good farming. If he has a good, rich soil, he can farm with pleasure and profit. The soil is the foundation. Without it he can not build at all’ With it he may build all kinds of failures or successes, as he works with intelli gence or ignorance. What, then, is the soil? Where does it j^egin? Where does it end? What is it made of? These and many other ques tions must be answered before the farmer will know exactly how to proceed. The soil is the top of the earth. It has no fixed depth, color ot fer tility. All of these vary in differ ent places, and may be made to vary at any place. We speak of soil and subsoil as though they were very different. This is not always the case. We generally call that part of the earth soil which is more or less loose and colored. Generally this color is a little darker than the earth below. This coloring has been given to the soil by the rotting of vegeta- ble matter. It is not a necessary quality of soil, but a deep dark color The soil was made from the subsoil, and the same agencies which have done this work in the past are still active. We can help them in this work. By studying anv cultivated field, we will find that just below the soil is a hard subsoil. This is the result of the pressure of the mule’s foot, the man’s foot, and the plow’s foot upon the subsoil. This is very often too wet, when the top soil is not too wet. When we atir earth and water together, we make mud. W’hen we dry the mud it becomes more or less hard. By going over the fields very often, we have done the same to the subsoil, and as it has dried behind us it became harder and harder. It is very bard on many farms- You can feel the plow grate upon it as you go over it. This hard layer is from four to eight inches deep, according to the age of the field, kind of subsoil, and wetness or dryness when plowed over. It is called “hardpan.” In many places it is so hard and close that water can hardly pass through it, but be neath it the earth is more or less porous. This hardpan very greatly affects the yield of the ground. It is all-im portant for the farmer to understand its nature, the cause of it, the effect of it, and how to get rid of it. If a farmer plows six inches deep, his soil will be six inches deep. If now he takes a larger plow, or runs twice in the’same furrow and goes two inch- FARMERS' UNIONI DIRECTORY NATIONAL. President—Chas S Barrett, Union City, Ga. Vice-President—J E Montgomery, Gleason. Tenn. Secretary-Treasurer—R H McCul loch, 116 1-2 W. Broad street, Texar kana, Tex. STATE Perritt — President, Vice-President, generally shows that the soil is ready es deeper, his soil will be made to make large crops. We commonly deeper. If he goes four inches, his say it is rich. The looseness is caus- goil will be made still deeper and his ed, in forest lands, by the roots. The hardpan thinner. If he goes entirely living roots have forced the particles through the hardpan and reaches the apart. The dead roots have rotted porous earth, his soil will be very and left holes. Dead and rotted deep. The six inches of subsoil will leaves and branches have helped to i make more than six inches of soil. If do the same, and numerous insects have aided in the work. In the cul- a cubic foot of rock be broken into a thousand particles, the pieces can tivated fields tbe^ looseness has been no t be put into a foot of space. It caused by plows, harrows, decaying roots, and similar work by worms and insects, and the parts of har vested crops left in the fields also • give looseness and color to the soil. There is no fixed line between soil and subsoil. The subsoil begins at the bottom of the soil, whether that be deep or shallow. These terms are relative, not absolute. When any part of the earth’s crust or surface .has become loose and ready to give up its plant food, that part is soil. Any part below which is hard and holdt its plant food in a condition in n # which plants cannot readily use it, is called subsoil. Sometimes we find the subsoil at the surface. This is seen on the hillsides where the will occupy much more space, be cause of the space between the frag ments filled with air. , Now, this will be true of the hard- pan. W’hen broken by the plow, and made still finer by the harrow, and still finer by the frost gases and air. and water, there will be from four teen to eighteen inches of soil,’in stead of four or six. Not oi.lv will the depth of soil be greatly increased but the fertility will also be greatly increased. It is a law. which we will G. M. Bennett, secretary-treasurer. A. J. A. Lamar. S. C. E W Dabbe, Mayesville. J. Whitner Reid—Sec-Treaa., Columbia, S. C. COUNTY. L. C. Padgett—President, Smoaks. J. D. R i a h e r — Vice-president, Round, S. C. W. W. Smoak, Jr.—Sec-Treaa., Walterboro, S. C. S. P. Goodwin—County Business Agent, Walterboro, S. C., R. F. D. 1 W. W. Smoak, Jr.—County Or ganizer. G. W. Sweat. Conductor. Jos. Langdale, Chaplain, Weeks. Executive Committee—Jno. O. Jaques, Jr., Paul K. Crosby* S. J. Patrick, C. F. Roger, A. C. Breland. S. P. Goodwin, J. A. Willis, door keepers. Meeting 1st Saturday in each month at 10 a. m. at the courthonse. LOCALS. Ashton—J. T. Polk, president; T. J. Simmons, secretary-treasurer. Adnah—J B DuBois, * presi dent; Paul K. Crosby, secretary- treasurer. Bells—W. W. Bryan, president; H W’ Hudson Jr secretary-treasurer. 4 Buck Head—J. A. Jones, presi dent; A. D. Preveaux, secretary- treasurer. Bethel C. H. Breland, president; Allen Padgett, secretary-treasurer. Fuller—C. C. Crosby, president; B. J. Crosby, secretary-treasurer. Islandton W. M. E. Campbell, president; C. R. Mears, secretary- treasurer. Hudson's Mill—J. D. Hudson, president; H. A. Crosby, secretary- treasurer. C , <»' Mt. Carmel - E. B. Way, president; explain further on, that, other things being equal, the finer the particles of any soil, the more fertile the soil. We then see that soil is the decom posed surface of the earth. The . deeper the decomposition, the <Jeep.; J - K ' Getsmger, secretnry-treasurer. Maple Cane—J. F. Addison, presi dent, J. E. Addison secretary-treas- rer. Sniders—W. C. Brant, president; rains have washed the soil a vay. The op the soil. The depth of this de- Horse Pen Jos. Langdale, presi action of air, sunshine, heat, cold,' composition can bo greatly increased | dent; C. N. Langdale Sec-Treas. Williams Dr. C. E. Kinsey, presi dent; J. F. O’Quin, secretary-treas urer. and moisture will soon turn the ex- by good work or deep plow ing, and posed subsoil into serviceable soil. 1 greatly decreased by bad plowing or Not only do depth and fertility . stirring the earth wheh too wet. In differ at different places, but they | other words the farmer can make or may be made to differ greatly at an> given place. The sod on hillsides is generally shallow, because the looser parts are readily carried away by winds and rains. Such soil is apt to be poor also, because the finer parts are the Tabor C. B. Crosby, president; unmake his soil. Agriculture for W’. H. Breland, secretary-treasurer. the Common Schools. | Hendersonville- G. E. H. Monro. - — 1 president; 0. A. b'peights, secretary- COUNTY MEETING SATURDAY. | tr " as “ rer - ^ J , Stokes—W. r. Copeland, president; The County Farmers’ l nion will j. jj. Saunders, secretary-treasurer. meet in regular session at the court; Dry Branch—J. J. Miley, presi- richest parts, and as they are taken house Saturday morning June 4th at;dent; J. L. Crosby, secretary-treas- attendance of 11 o’clock. A full delegates is urged. W. W. Smoak.Secretary. away the soil is left poorer. Exactly the reverse is the case in low places, in the uplancPfields, and in the bot tom lands along the streams. Water and winds have been for ages de- HALL LOCAL MEETS, posrtmg the finer part.ch^ taken of ^ Ha)1 from the hills, in these valleys until * . • . . . G .■ local was held Saturday evening at they are very rich. Sometimes the ^ A „ soils in such places are several feet b c,OCK deep. • . The annual overflow of the h{,51e deposited the soil brought from the hills and mountains of interior Africa upon the sands of Egypt, and thus made ]the soil very rich. These plains have produced enormous crops of grain since the days of Joseph, and continue to do so still. The Missi*- sippi does a similar work in our own country. The soil along the basin through which this “Father of Wat ers” flows la of unknown depth and inexhnustibie fertility. So, you An interesting session of this local resulted. County Organizer, W. W. Smoak. and D. L. Smith were present at this meeting, who delivered address es on unionism. It was decided to have a public meeting in the near future to be addressed by prominent speakers; notice of which will be given later in these columns. < •ril REEVESRIANS Married on the evening of 27. mo, at the home of the m Spring street, by the Rev Father NugeatTGeorge M. Reevek, of Cot- . tagsviUe, 8. CL, to Julia C. Rians, of >, we have soils of all] Charieston, S. C. urer. - Peniel—-J. L. Hickman, president; G. A. Blocker, secretary-treasurer. Smoaks—L. C. Padgett, president; A P Smith, secretary-treasurer. Lodge—L. J. Jones, Sr., president; P. M. Johns, secretary-treasurer. W. Smoak,-Jr., Goodwin, secre- A Paint Advice ' Let us help you, with some experienced paint advice, to select the right fV paint for your home. It requires experience and paint knowledge, because . the paint i* just as important as the lumber, hardware and furnishings. We can help you. Also let us show you some tasteful color combinatiomj for your home; let us explain why, if you ask your painter to use ACME QUALITY HOUSE PAINT you will save money and get better paint. The real test of paint value is not the ptmgallon cost, but the yards of surface it will cover and the years it will last. Acme Quality House Paint coats lesa because it takes less and lasts longer. o Come in and get an Acme Quality Painting Guide Book and some color suggestions. I If it’s s surface to be painted, enameled, stained, vamodied or finished-ia-any way, there’s an Acme Quality Kind to fit the purpose. .A W1CHMAN & SON, t Walterboro, - - - - South Carolina SPRING SUITS JUST ARRIVED Just Arrived a full line of the newest and most UP-TO- DATE Men’s and Boys’ Spring Suits. AUo a complete line of Ladies Washable Suits; Ladies Skirts. Prices to suit the times and our motto which is: “CHEAP EST IN TOWN.” LET US SHOW YOU OUR LINE, NEW GOODS, STYLISH GOODS. H. zalin, THE CLOTHING STORE. pro/tMionaZ Jf/eifoM. B. V. BLACK SR, DENTAL SURGEON I have reopened my dental o office, and have associated with me DR. JOHN H. BAKER. All work given prompt attention. Office next Terry & Shaffer's 8 Store. 8 Office Hours: 8.80 am to 2 g p. m. , 8 to 6 p. m. o ’Ppone No. 67a. g !| 'Wn.ltertaoro* HO o ! )00006000000000|>0000000000 Walterboro—W. president; E. W. tary-treasurer. Edisto—A. G. Yarley, president; S. J. Patrick, s xretary-treasurer. Berea—D T Strickland, president; James M Strickland. Jr, secretary- treasurer. Omega—H. P. Martin, president; B R Griffin, secretary-treasurer. Hall—B G Weeks, president; I B Weeks, secretary-treasurer. Dvspspds is oar aatiodkl ailmeat. Biuars Is. Me aatloaal It. It stssasihsii stems eh omotm flow of dlgeatlvs ths Mood, beiMs yon op. OWE MUCH TO THE JEW The Rev. Thomas M. Chalmers of the Jewish Evangelical Society of New York City, wrote td the Mayor of New Yprk recently, asking for a license to preach for the conversion of Jews to Christianity on the cor ners of Hester and Norfolk streets and Eigteenth street and Fifth ave nue hi Manhattan, and at Sutton avenue and Powell street,, in Bruns- ville, the Jewish section of^rooklyn. The Mayor sent him this reply: Reverend and Dear Sir: It seems to me that this work of proselyting from other religious sects is very often carried too far. Do you not think the Jews have a good relig ion? Have not the Christians ap propriated the entire Jewish sacred scriptures? Was not the New Test ament aldo written entirely by the Jews? Was not Jesus also born of the Jewish race, if I may speak of it with due reverence? Did not we Christians get much or the most of what we have from the Jews? Why should any one work so hard to pros elytize the Jew? Hie pure belief in the one true living God comes down to as even from the twilight of fable, and Js ooe of the unbroken lineages and traditions of the world. Ido not I think 1 should give you a license to preach for the conversion of the Jews in the streets in the thickly settled Jewish neighborhoods which you designate. Would you not an noy them and do more harm than good? How many Jews have you converted so far? Very truly yours, . J* Gay nor, The Rev. Thomas M. Chalmers, Central Place, Brooklyn, N. N. Mayor Gaynor has evidently the courage of his convictions. . Every municipal officer knows that this howling of loud-mouthed street-cor ner preachers is worse than useless the districts mostly inhabited by Jews. It is a direct incentive to dis order. It makes no converts, nor is it expected to do so. It is meant to annoy the Jews, and Mayor Gaynor has acted wisely in setting his foot down and py tting a atop to the stupid offensive busineas once for all.—The American Israelite. JAH. E, rfc'UKlt'OY. JNO. M PEHKITOV PEORIFGY BROT&ES, Ittorueys and Connscllors at Law. All Businew given Prompt Attention. OVEN THE PRESS AND ST AN UAhO. WFALTKKHORO. - - - R. C. OFFICE OF Dp. A. J. Anderson DENTAL SURGEON Office Hours: J i P . m. 3 p. m ., 6 p. m OPPOSITE Farmere aod Alercbanu Bank.-* ’Rhone kOOa. WALTERBORO. 8. a Chamberlain'e • Tablet* will ~ . eiok Invigorate the wjkols all dealers. . and Liver •p the serves, health deepondenev aad •yetew. Bold by ii d. vim Real Estate, Brokerage and Insurance. LOANb NEGOTIATED * I Housed to HsnU Opposite the Market, WALTERBORO, & & CE.DU£ANT Chril Eng’r aad Laad Somyor. I will be in my office oar Sat urdays and all other days wbea not at work in field. Office between Klien's and Farmers’ and Merchants’ Bank Phone 27H, Walterboro^ S> C