The Union daily times. [volume] (Union, S.C.) 1918-current, July 12, 1922, Image 3
Boll Weovil Situation Restated
Clemson College, July 10.?At the
recent annual meeting of the Clemson
board of trustees a very interesting
conference was held with the college
officials in regard to the boll weevil
4 situation.
It may be recalled that in 1915 the
board of trustee sent a commission
to study the situation in Louisiana,
and Alabama, and as an outcome of
this investigation a bulletin was published
in 1916, which with slight revisions
has been printed and distributed
off and on ever since. The
trustees have always had a very intense
intorest in the boll weevil situation
and wanted the latest view held
by the college experts.
Despite the fact that both the government-.
nnrl fV?e pnlloir.. V>oir?
..... ?..v w..v6c ?c ucru
sending out information through the
press, county ngents, specialists, bulletins
and circulars almost every day
for several months, the statements
made by the experts to the board of
trustees last Tuesday are of much
public interest. In substance these
college experts made the following
statements:
We believe that the value of early
poisoning is greatly exaggerated.
Such is the testimony by the best experimentors
in Alabama, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Texas and Oklahoma,
which states have been longest infested
with the weevil. Reports are now
being received from farmers from all
sections of the state to the effect that
the weevil has disappeared from
many of their fields. Some of these
fields have been poisoned with calcium
arsenate dust, some with sweetened
poison, and others not poisoned at all.
This emphasizes our oft repeated
statements that early poisoning is not
a material factor in boll weevil control.
The early weevils are but the skirmishers
of the hordes of over-wintered
weevils that continue to come
from winter-quarters from March to
July. They keep coming out even nfter
the squares have begun to form
Most of these old weevils die a natural
death before square formation
begins. Therefore, little is gained,
and often much lost through neglect
of other farm operations on account
of efforts to destroy these early weevils.
These early weevils can be killed
by applications of any kind of ars nical
poison, whether in liquod or dust
form. This was demonstrated as far
back as 1902.
The weevils want squares to feed
on and lay eggs in. There being no
squares early in the season, they confine
themselves to the buds of the
young cotton plant and are practically
surface feeders, something like the
potato beetle or the cabbage worm,
only less so. Little injury is done to
the cotton plant from this feeding on
the bud.
If all the over-wintered weevils
would come out at the same time, as
chickens come off the roost in the
morning, then we could no doubt destroy
them with profit by early poisoning.
But when we kill hundreds of
weevils with one kind of poison or
another in early spring, thousands are
still in their winter-quarters ready
to come out later-. By no manner of
poisoning or other control measures
yet discovered can we kill all the weevils
that are out. and the survivors.
together with those coming out after
the squares are formed, discontinue
feeding on the cotton buds and begin
to puncture and eat the inside of the
squares and lay their eggs there.
From this time on the only effective
poisoning method known is through
the use of calcium arsenato properly
applied in dust form.
General Control Methods Again
Urged.
The farmer must remember that it
is at this point that the battle for the
crop really begins. It is now that
the following control methods repeatedly
published, should be diligently
and thoroughly followed.
^ 1. As the bulk of the cotton crop
in South Carolina is made by share
croppers, the women and children
should be used to pick squares. This
should be so supervised that it is done
with great thoroughness, otherwise it
has no value whatever. Begin picking
the squares as soon as any punc
tured squares fall, and pick every infested
square on tho ground and on
the plants ever five days.
2. Practice frequent shallow cultivation
in order to prevent grass and
weeds and to keep the plant in a
healthy and vigorous condition. This
is important because it prolongs the
fruiting period and helps to prevent
shedding. The boll weevil is not inclined
to attack the bolls if he can
find squares.
3. We realize that by far the great
majority of cotton farmers are not in
position to use poison this year, and
it is to these that recommendations 1
and 2 especially apply. Great prog I
i ress has been made in perfecting the
machinery for applying calcium arsenate
dust. We have every right to
expect that dusting machinery will
eventually be so improved as to meet
the needs of every class of cotton
farmers. For the benefit of those who
are using calcium arsenate dust, the
following aro the conditions under
which profitable results may be ex
A-J .
peciea:
a. On high yielding land.
b. Where weevil infestation Is
heavy.
c. Under reasonably favorable
weather conditions.
d. With proper use of approved
dusting machines.
Poison only when the air is calm
and the plants are moist, using from
flTe to MTen pounds per acre for each
application. Use no <plcium arsenate
that does not comply with federal
specifications. Because of the. unusual
conditions this season, the first
i, * r
application should be made when tin
cotton begins to fruit. The seconc
application should be made when It
per cent of the squares have ?een pun
ctures. Infestation counts should b?
made frequently and can be made by
any farmer who follows the simple directions
furnished upon application
The object is to keep the cotton thor
oughly dusted until the weevils art
under control. If weevils should be
come sufficiently numerous to severely
injure the young bolls, one or twe
more applications late in the seasor
should be made. In case of a heavy
rain within 24 hours after dusting, ttu
application should be repeated immediately.
After all, weather conditions during
July and August will have more to dc
| with cotton production in South Carolina
than any poisoning program. II
these months are hot and dry comparatively
little weevil damage will bs
sustained regardless of what method
of poisoning was used and even li
none is practiced. On the other hand,
if weather conditions are adverse, poisoning
with calcium arsenate dust ir
strict accordance with government
specifications will, we believe, give the
largest money returns.
Later the Extension Service will begin
its annual campaign for the early
plowing under of stalks, the destruction
of the weevils' hihernjitinc mmr.
ters, the planting of winter cover
crops, and the saving and use of early
maturing varieties of seed. These are
most important measures in the control
of the weevil for next year.
Keen Rivalry to
Gain Royal Favor
London, July 11.?There has been
keen rivalry among Americans in
Ixmdon to gain entrance to King
George and Queen Mary's court
levees, which have been revived for
the first time in eight years. Colonel
Harvey, the American ambassador,
has been inundated with requests,
pleas and prayers of Americans of
all ranks "to see what the King and
Queen look like." Evee-y sort of argument
has been advanced* by the
petitioners, and the Ambassador has
found it difficult to chose legitimately
entitled to a bowing acquaintance
with the King and Queen and mere
tourists or "social climbers" who
want something to write home about
or to put in their dairies.
Among the favored American women
who were permitted to bend their
knee before George and Mary was the
? .i:_i * ?-i
YVI4.U Ui <X TTa.^UUl^lUU UipiUIimi, Will#
has given the following description of
(he function:
"The dominating and most lasting
impression was the appearance of the
Queen. I had been led to expect from
photographs and published descriptions
that she was of a severely matronly
type. Instead, she seemed to
be perfectly beautiful; in fact, superb
in her regaleness, and wearing
her magnificent jewels like flowers.
Her face had nothing of the pictured
severity, but radiated the kindliest
of smiles as I passed and courtesied.
"The court was everything I had
imagined it would be in pomp and
grandeur but throughout it all there
was a wonderful human note. The
King and Queen seemed delighted to
welcome us. Of hauteur there was
none; in fact, the manner in which the
Queen and Princess Mary kept chatting
and laughing during the intervals
seemed to indicate that the
members of the royal family were
enjoying themselves as much as we
were.
"The machinery of the ceremonial
was so wonderful, so perfect in its
apparent effortlessness, that there
really was no reason to be nervous.
White-gloved hands were always
ready to arrange our trains, to. point
the route we were to go, to hold us
for a moment, or indicate that we
should proceed. It was impossible to
do the wrong thing. The courtesy
before the King, then a few steps
and another courtesy before the
Queen, and the presentation was
over before I realized it.
X nu UUIClCIltC UCtWCt'II IIIC VyUUIl
and Presidential reception at Washington
is essentially one of background
and size. We lack the brilliance
of uniforms and decorations,
but we excel, 1 think, in the beauty of
our women and the elegant simplicity
and quiet dignity of the dress of our
men."
Gold and Diamond
Mining Increased
Leopoldville, Belgian Congo., July
11.?Gold and diamond mining has
greatly increased in the Belgian Congo
since the Armistice, and in May
1022 it reached the highest point ever
known in the history of the colony.
The steamer Anversville left for
Antwerp recently irrying 1,1000
pounds of gold bullion and several
million francs worth of diamonds.
Cotton growing for the current
year has been s successful that two
new mechanical shelling shops have
been installed. The necessary machinery
was bought in Worcester
Mass.
Commerce in general has profited
greatly by the reduction in wages.
Owing to the economic crisis which
obtained throughou 1921, the negro
workers are now accepting a diminution
of 26 to 30 percent from the
wages which were paid them during
the war and in 1919 and 1920.
Flesh of the llama is considered
very wholesome in South America.
Seattle received the first shipment
of gold from Alaska n 1897.
In 1666 a great fire in I.ondon destroyed
13,200 houses and 90 churches.
1 Children Arrested for
Violating Postal Laws
Washington, July 12.?Approximately
1,000 children under 18 years
of age are arrested in the United
States eaeh year for violations of
federal laws, secretary of Labor Da,
vis announced today in making public
a report dealing with the pror
cedure of federal courts and flelinj
quent children, prepared by the Chil
, dren's Bureau.
r The report presents the results of
, a study of methods of dealing with
. children who have violated postal and
other federal laws. The Postoffice
Department and the Department o!'|
, Justice assisted the Labor Depart- j
. ment in its investigations by making I
available their records. The study J
. showed 1,145 children arrested during
i a two year period for violating postal
| laws ami 211 arrested for other fed'
eral offenses.
, A measure authorizing federal pro.
sation, the report said, was passed by
i Congress in 1917 but was not signed!
by the Presdient. A similar bill is
. pending in the present Congress, and
the proposed legislation, the report
suggested, would enable the United
States courts to deal ranch more ef-1
. fectively with children's cases. It j
was probable, the report pointed out,!
that the simplest, most practicable,!
and least expensive plan for the prop- j
i er handling of childrens cases involv-1
ing violation of federal laws would j
be the development of a definite sys- {
Will U1 Iflt'lt'llie IU SlillL' JUWIlIll' j
courts at least in certain types of j
cases.
Popular Occupation
Of Europeans
Belgrade, Jugoslavia, July 11.?
Collecting ten dollars gold from Ameriean
travellers every time a passport
is vised continues to be one of
the popular occupations of officials
of the states of Central Europe.
Any American who wishes to visit
one of these countries must pass the
frontiers of several of the others, and
at each frontier the charge is ten
dollars a head, and ten dollars every
time he passes. One American busi
ness man within the past three
months has paid $120.
"But don't blame us, blame your
State Department," said a representative
of the Jugoslavia Foreign Office.
"It is a matter of reciprocity
with us; we charge the same fee as
does the United States."
New Use For
Wireless Telephone
Washington, July 10.?A new use
for wireless telephone in connection
with mine-safety and mine-rescue
work, is proposed by the United
States Bureau of Mines. JThe suggestion
has been made that the rescue
cars and trains stationed at various
points throughout mining regions, be
equipped with apparatus, and that
high power apparatus at the Bureau's
safety stations and experimental laboratories
in the regions be installed to
broadcast hurry up messages in case
of mine disaster.
Aerials have been successfully installed
on trains in Germany it is
pointed out, and the Bureau's rescue
and training cars could easily be. ii
equipped. In this way, it is said, not
only could warnings and calls for aid
be sent without delay to those points
best equipped to offer aid, but mine
safty programs and other instructions
could also be broadcast. Field engineers
of the bureau have reported
that the radio is already In wide use
in the different mining centers.
The reindeer ig said to be able to
endure more fati^ule than any other
draught animal with the exception of !
the camel.
i
1
]
Take
?IS
r
for the liver
Beware of imitations. Demand
the genuine in 10c and 35c packa&cs
btnrinn above trade mark.
I I
The Fall Crop of
Irish Potatoes
Though grown and appreciated by
few, the fall crop of Irish potatoes is,
because of its superior keeping quality
and yield, of greater importance
in the home garden than is the spring
crop. It may be grown either from
tubers of the previous year's crop or
from those of the spring crop of the
current year. Best results are obtained
from potatoes held over from last
year's crop, but if these are not available,
seed of the current season's crop
I mny be used, but a poor stand may
result. Seed held over in cold storage
will usually sprout more quickly, re;
suiting in a better stand. In selecting
seed short stubby sprouts seem to give
best results, and when the tuber part
is planted, is less likely to be- broken
. than thc longer sprout.
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Sold only
Crinkly;
5
?Make j
Compare t
of OrangeBottle
with
drink on
then know
to demand
The Crink
Tncicf r\ n 1
IIIOIOL WU A
the utmost
liciousness
made Orar
fruit-flavori
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ORANGI
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The "Crush" flavors are t
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The greatest difficulty in the grow- [
ing of a second crop over that of a r
spring crop is the defective stand,1 c
which may be overcome by employing t
the careful planting and cultural f
methods necessary at this season. The
fall or second crop of potatoes may
follow the spring or any crop that is f
off the ground by the first of July. t
Planting after the spring crop is cs- j
pecially desirable, as "volunteer" c
plants from the first crop will add to t
the stand of the second crop.
Soils.
This crop delights in and grows and v
produces to perfection on a rich sandy loam
soil underlaid by a clay subsoil 1
retentive of moisture. However, the 1
absence of such soil should not be a
hindrance In tho growing of Irish po- 1
tatoes for home consumption, as they
adapt themselves to a great diversity
of well drained soils.
Preparation of Soil.
Thorough preparation can not he
stressed too much. This consists of
thorough and deep turning, followed
immediately by harrowing until a
thoroughly pulverized seed-bed is
formed. Rows or deep furrows, 3 to
?,x/z feet apart should be laid off and '<
well thrown out, using either a turn '
plow or a shovel plow. i
Fertilizers. '
Both barnyard manure and com- i
mercial fertilizers are used, but the i
former must be well rotted r.nd ju- j
dieiously applied; otherwise, scab and i
similar diseases may result. In the <
use of commercial fertilizer, a com- <
plete mixture, phosphoric acid 8 to 9 i
per cent, nitrogeb 4 to 5 per cent, and !
potash 4 to 6 percent, is advised. The i
fertility an<i physical condition of the !
soil should determine the amount of ]
the application, i
Fin njiiii il main jf used, should be I
applied bvoacMMt; 8 to 10 tons per 1
acre, and th^oumty mixed direct into i
the soil. tt the afca of commercial fertilizer.
it IwhUMfc) tpply in the drill,
using 800 eWtMids per acre de
k. A A. ^ Ai A Ai JL.Jk JL JL JL
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in ih?
Bottle
4
This Test:
he quality and delici
-Crush out of the
l any other orangethc
market, and y
why it is worth yov
the genuine.
ly Bottle is your pro
t and you will be
: in purity, quality
? the things whic
ige-Crush the larges
ed drink in the wor
that substitutes may
>u t th ey costyou j ust a
-CRUSH
. ? . i
Uistrtbuted exclusively by
CRUSH BOTTLING
rHUR, Mgr. - - UNION,
repared by Orange-Crush Co., Chicago, Winnip
TTfmfffTTT
lending upon tin* strength of the soil,
md thoroughly mix with the soil;
itherwi.se, a poor stand may be obained
as a result of the contact of
ertilizer and tubers.
Varieties and Time of Planting.
Of iho many varieties suitable for
all planting the Lookout Mountain is
isually recommended as being the
est and most popular in South Car linn,
not because of its superior table
tuality but by reason of its good yield
ma excellent keeping quality. Subtitutes
for this may be such spring
'nrietios as the Cobbler and tne Early
lose, each of which is good but. neithr
of which is nearly so good for the
'all crop as the Ix>okout Mountain.
i in* nop r.nouiu do planter irom .iuiy
10 {o about August. 1 depending upon
limatn* conditions of the section in
.vhich it is to be grown,?warmer
dimates calling for later planting,
/all varieties amount to very little
ivhen planted out of season, and this
is especially trut of the lookout
Mountain variety. "Better safe than
?orry."
Planting.
Moisture content and previous prepiration
of the soil usually predetermine
the stand- Preparatory to planting,
it is well to reopen the furrows
and to follow immediately (before
living the soil time to lose any of its
moisture) by dropping the tubers or
pa?-ts of tubers, I'd to 11 inches apart
in the drill an 1 covering to a depth
;:f 3 to inches, depending upon the
character of the soil?heavier soils be
ing planted mjrfl shallow than lighter
*oils. Parts of cut tubers should be
r?s large as practicable. Packing the
Koi| about the tubers either by step,
ping ligbtly with a rubber sole shoe or
with the bare foot directly upon the
lubcr when dropped, or by use of a
light roller following covering with
the plow, insures a much better stand,
if the Roil is sufficiently well pulverized
to prevent crushing the tubers.
If tubers of the spring crop of the
Jf\ "yard's
Orange
:rus
Quality
tousness
Crinkly
flavored
on will
jr while
Section,
assured
and de:h
have
t selling
I | miinimimmtrmiiwmmfin.tiiii
lu.
Ingi-i
cost the The three ?.c
cmnrk their flavors
fruit oils press
UUICi ^KUlb U
or limes, to
juices from I
sugar, U. S. c?
carbonated w
acid, thenaiui
lemons, and li
mmmiuaiMMnmiuumuui m'H
CO.
s. c.
eg and London. Send for free pamphlet, "How
fTYTTTTTTIYT
current year are used for planting the
second or fall crop, "sprouting" preparatory
to planting will be very help,
ful in obtaining a stinil. This is rtv
I ommended only where it 1s not pos i
i its tt> st*eu mat nave oeen lu hi
over in cold storage or otherwise, and
may be done by drying the tubers by
stucking in trays or shallow piles h
l an open shed excluding the light foi
a period of ten to fourteen days, a u!
then spreading them upon the grouni
in a cool shady place covered will
straw to a depth of 3 to 0 inches not:
watering sufficiently to saturate 11a
straw but by no means such as t<
drench the tubers. Planting should b<
' done as soon as slight sprouting be
gins.
Cultivation.
Frequent shallow cultivation, eithei
by harrowing across or with the rows
should be given at intervals of on<
week apart or as soon after each rair
as soil conditions will permit, until ;
good stand is obtained; after which
cultivation should be such as may b(
necessary to keep the crop in a big!
state of cultivation. Under norma
conditions, from WO to 110 days fron
planting will l>o required to make thi
crop-.
Harvesting and Storing.
The yellowing of the vines, undo
normal conditions, is indicative o
maturity of the crop, which may l><
harvested either by use of a commoi
turn-plow or by a potato digger. Dee]
plowing in either cns0 greatly de
creases the percentage of cut tuber.?
Potatoes should be carefully handle*
and graded in the field, and harvestc*
with as little exposure to the sun a!
possible.
The fall crop may be allowed to re
i main in the field throughout the win
ter until early spring, if the beds ar?
i covered by throwing up two furrow:
, to present frost injury; or may b<
harvested and stored in a cool niediun
dark room sufficiently close to pre
: vent freezing, cither in shallow slatte*
11111.11 111 1
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j
itiwHimiiHimtmimimttnm'miimw
edients
)ru3h" drinks get
from the delicate
red fi onr the lresh
f oranges, lemons
which are added
ihese fruits, cane
irtified food color,
rater, and citric
ral acid of oranges,
mes.
OranRe-Cruah l? Made."
fy'r fir rrri~
S25SS
cvatos or in thin layers upon tin* 11 ooi
More extensive plant'njrs may lr pi>
served by use of the standard su?t
house constructed similarly t<> tH\at >- v
storing sweet potatoes, but the t> ; .
I perature retained should Ih< ;!1 .o
I decrees Fahrenheit.
Yields.
Ordinarily, the yield of l!* I i i p
,(''f Irish potatoes is snuiile. .< i tha'
'! of 'hr spring crop, this *>. i.?
largely t?? defective stands and unfavorable
weather conditions.
Disease and Contrtil Measure*
Irish potatoes are subject t> .'W.
eases of the tuber and of the vi?.<
Wight. ?The Ixwkout Mountain
seldom ever attacked by blight antl
1 it is therefore usually not necessary
t( spraj for blight.
Scab. Preparatory to planting
. seed should be soaked for two hour*
' in a formalin solution, made by using
i one pint of formalin v"1 p"r cent sw>i
lution) to St) gallons Mf water. After
i soaking, the tubers should be spreu 1
* out and allowed to dry befortt plant1
ing.
Insects and Control Measures.
I The Colorado potato beetle is prubi*;
ably the most serious insect pest that
the potat* grower has to combat, but
it may be controlled easily by sprayr
ing or dusting with parts green, or
f arsenate of lend. In spraying, a comr
hined Rordeaux-arseuat? mtxtiure,
II made by the addition of 1 to 1 1-2
I i? ~e ?? \..-M .
j* |'uuiiu?< in apncnuit* til M'llU poWdtT OF
.! 2 pounds of wet paste to 50 gallons of
the standard mixture, recommer.ued
< for control of blights, may be msed
11 as a control measure for both bl'gbts
s! and beetles; otherwise, spray with 1
, to 1 1-2 pounds of powdered arsenate
-J of lead, or 2 pounds of wet paste, 2 to
- 4 pounds of lump lime, and 50 gai
Ions of water. Dusting eheuld be done
s when dew is on the vines, using a mixi
ture of either equal parts of powi
dered arsenate of lead and air-slaked
- lime, or 1 part of paris green to 49
11 parts of air-slaked lhne.