University of South Carolina Libraries
No "Back t For Dr. , ? Address delivered by Dr. W. W, Long, director of extension of Clemson college and United States department of agriculture, before the Press Association of South Carolina at its recent meeting at Myrtle Beach on June 22: - I shall discuss first what I con% I' sider our largest and most perplexing AnwinnltiiMl nrnhlom TVVl lVVl hflS hPen a5li^uituia> > greatly magnified,5 and made more acute by the presence of the boll weevil; namely, the fact that 57 per cent, of our cultivated lands are in the ?tands of an ignorant and shiftless class. Second, I shall point out briefly some of the achievements within . the last thirty years of the scientific man in solving the many problems of agriculture, that at this time of our perplexity and bewilderment are making it not only possible but assure us that in a reasonable time our agriculture will be on a broader and i firmer basis for we will have gotten away from the one-crop system that limits knowledge, narrows citizenship and does not foster homebuilding, '> , for we should remember that the keystone of American civilization is the home. Third, I shall undertake to show briefly how we have within th'e last thirty years been growing more and more in sympathy witji agrieuture through legislative enactr ment. In conclusion, I shall comment upon the potential agricultural power of South Carolina. Back to the Farm Movement and the Increase of Tenantry, ! Up to the last 25.years and possibly longer, the minds of the American people were largely directed to the development of the country along industrial, manufacturing and commercial lines. Little thought was given to agriculture other than to reap, to cook and to weave. The problems involved in agriculture were not considered of sufficient value and importance to warrant the scientific study of the scientists; and the legislator made no effort to study and investigate and ascertain if there was such a^thing in existence as a rural problem, either of production or economics. Notwithstanding that, even at so late a date as 1880, when 70 per cent, of our people lived in the country and 30 per cent, in the towns and cities, it then required the v . efforts of these 70 per cent, to produce the necessary food and raiment to feed and clothe the population of this country. As an evidence of the great progress that has been made in agriculture. 25 Der cent, of the ' people are now producing on the farms more than sufficient food for our consumption and use. :'WJ In this connection it is interesting to note upon what basis the much discussed movement back to the farm is * justifiable; 25 per cent: of our people are now producing .a necessary food supply and raw material for our clothing along with a surplus of each for export. If this movement , assumes any proportions the natural result would be that the profit from the production and sale of farm products would be greatly diminished. The only alternative is revolutionary 1 i'ttin cr etan Hp rri<5 nr rcuuvuuu iu tax ixi UIIUQ WVWUV.M. ? this vanishing return to agriculture would manifest itself in the exodus to industry and the further increase of tenantry, so let us desist from this cheap talk of back to the farm and let us recognize that our great rural problem grows out of the fact that 57 per cent, of our cultivated lands are in the hands of an ignorant, Shiftless class. We in the south, in South Carolina, if you please, fully realize that a prosperous, intelligent and contented rural population is therefore essential to our national > \ perpetuity. The world's experience * + WO \T tn ?P HclS S11UWU tuai. iuc UMI ITW; ~ cure this is to encourage the division of all the lands into small farms, each owned and operated by one ,. /. family. { We know the world'sfmost important school is the home with the farm. We know this philosophy to be true ?yet, how are we to bring it about with 57 per cent, of our cultivated land in the hands of this shiftless * o CVioll anr>nnrflthem*tO Class; vjuan ^ buy our lands and endeavor to impress upon them that there is a dignity in residing upon a farm with a fertile soil, modern buildings and an environment of education Do we believe that they will ever be able to develop that ideal country life so beautifully pictured by Dr. Knapp , . when he said: "Let it be the high privilege ot this great and free people to establish a republic where rural pride is equal to civic pride, where men of the most refined taste and culture select the rural villa, and where the wealth that comes from the soil finds its greatest return in developing and perfecting that great domain of nature which God has given to us as an * [o the Farm" W: W. Long , everlasting tribute." The basis of all civilization is the ownership of land. If we are not ; willing to sell them our lands, then > to whom are we going to sell? Are . we going to drift appreciating the fact that in 1910 they owned and controlled of our farm lands to the value of $92,000,000.00 (Xinety-two million : dollars), and in 1920 $297,000,000. , (Two hundred and ninety-seven million dollars)? We can't get away from the fact that our old agricul tural system of necessity must be readjusted. The boll weevil problem. , is largely an economic problem. There is no certain direct method of control. Under old conditions the growing of cotton was a fool-proof operation. Under boll weevil conditions the growing of cotton becomes a highly specialized undertaking. The shiftless, doleless, thriftless farmer's fiov ic nrov Tho largest landed es UUJ ^ ?* o tates are in very great danger, comprising as they do the 57 per cent, of our cultivated lands that are controlled by this shiftless class. The answer that the normal exodus to the north vjill- take care of the situation. I grant that eventually this will be true, but the presence of the boll weevil has percipitated a condition that is acute. We can not af- 1 boll weevil has precipitated a condivated lands lessened in value by unprofitable returns and thus tremendously weaken our entire agricultural structure. The Contributions of Scientific Men to Acrriculture Within the Last 25 Years. There are no pages in American history of achievements that stand out more brilliantly than those that record the contributions of our scientific men within the last thirty years in our agriculture, and yet these men are today pointed to a? being impracticable, visionary, and peculiar, aid science itself referred to as being something beyond the understanding of the average man, and as you know and I know that the very meaning of the word is the application of common sense. The aremendous advancement of American agriculture is largely due to the unselfish service of the men of the laboratories and experiment fields. ( Let us call to your mind a few of the results of their labor that qome into the daily life of every successful farmer. They developed by plant breeding, new varieties of practically all crops grown on the farms, especially adapted to specific conditions. They developed by plant breeding crops that can be grown successfully on disease-infested lands. They have explored all parts of the world and Vs a result of their explorations they have introduced new crops that have proved of tremendous value. r A x- ? ? ?^ riityViom I '1*11? liuroaucuuil U1 L/Uiuam wheat from v Siberia has made it possible- for us to manufacture our maccaroni, heretofore imported from Italy. They have introduced Kafir corn, Milo and Federita, and by so doing have made farming possible on millions of acres of land in the semi-arid west, where, without these tiew introductions, the i country would be uninhabited. How many of our farmers in South Carolina realize that many of the clovers and alfalfas that they annually seed were introduced from France. Ger- ' many and Russia? The Sudan grass, thatx is growing with us in popular favor, is a foreign importation. Our idea of soil fertility has been entirely t revolutionized by the introduction practically of all our leguminous crops except cowpeas. Such for instance as soy beans, velv^.: beans, the clovers, the vetches, etc. The disjcoverv of the little bacteria that gathers nitrogen from the air constitutes a new source of wealth that will last as long as this world stands. How many of when enjoying our morning juicy grape fruit give a thought to the scientific man who patiently labored to bring forth this delicious appetizer? How many of us realize that the man who introduced the improved variety vof figs, prunes and dates rode on the back of a camel 1 hundreds of miles in the deserts of 1 the far east? Take your mind back for twenty years and recall the char' acter of the fruit then offered you, especially the peach and apple. They were small, wormy, knotty, and com1 pare them* with the peach and the aDDle of today and you will naturally ask why the difference. Easily ans1 wered because the scientific man has made it possible to control certain diseases of the peachandthe applebv the use of a spray worked out by ! many years of experimentation. The plant pathologist of today is making as much progress in controlling the disease of our plants as the physician . is making progress in controlling and preventing the disease with the hui * Talk :,of Clemsoi * man family. Let us pass on briefly and sta what has been accomplished in t development of our animal husbar vt? rr??Ar\ f T*An >?." r* rr A f V? ft ft r*r*T jLwciitj' vc(ii3 a. 5U luc aunt death rate in hogs from h#g chole in the United States was from 6 25 per cent.?the financial loss f the United States in certain yet amounted to a hundred millions dollars. . The scientific man perfect a serum and virus that has practical made it possible to feontrol this d ease. Likewise tick fever and bla leg can be controlled. The invent! of the refrigerating car has do more to increase the production a: demand for meat than any oth agency. Associations for the reg try of purebred livestock have be organized and maintained througho the length and breadth of the cou try. In t^ie matter of our dairy i dustry the Babcock test has been i vented, a simple method by mea of which the amount of butter fat milk is determined. The inventf of fhe cream separator which in few minutes separates the " crea from the milk which in the old da required hours of time for such i operation. No country in the wor has made the progress that we have the control of insect pests. In c operation wKh engineers the dev< opment <5f spray and dusting machi ery in the last quarter of a centu is distinctly a great American achie ment. The orchardist would be the mercy of the San Jose scale b fou the modern spray pump and i secticides. The trucker would be the mercy of various leaf eating cat* pillars and the various undergroui pests. Our field crops would fro year .to year be devastated by hord of caterpillars, grasshoppers, chin bugs and a thousand other pesl Without modern fumigations a] heat applications our granaries, el vator-s, seed and packing houses this country would be impossible. The day is not far distant wh< 'every planter and farmer will be well instructed by the scientists th he will mould the soil to his pro and the seasons to his .plans and ] will , cause the soft to become r sponsive to the touch of industry ai the harvest more abundant to me the measure of a larger hope. Legislation Enacted Favorable U Agriculture. ! The first official Recognition of a riculture was in 1839 "When an a propriation was made to the commi sioner of patents of one thousai dollars.($1,000.00) for the collects of statistics and distribution of see In 1855, provision for a scienti: staff consisting of three investigs ors; in 1862 the establishment of bureau of agriculture. Again 1862 the granting of thirty thousai acres of land for each senator ai representative in congress to 11: various states for the promotion industrial education. 1887 the esta (Continued on page 6, column 2 ill cigarettes ; 1 They are GOOD! * |A$ Buy this Cigarette and Save Money I carroll s.S. CARROLL teaches watches Watchmaker to and tell . Jeweler the truth ^Bamberg, S. C? To Cure a Cold in One Dav Take LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE (TaMete.) stops the Cough and Headache and works off Cold. E. W. GROVE'S signature on each box. ! J. WESLEY CRUM, JR ATTORVEY-AT-LAW * Bamberg, S. C. Offices in Herald Building Practice in State and Federal Cour Loans negotiated. 1785 192! COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON. Examinations at the county sea: for the Bamberg county scholarship Friday, July 7, at 9 a. m. .Subjects: English grammar and composition American history, algebra, and plane ^ geometry. ^ Four-year courses lead to the A.B and B.S. degrees. Special two-yeai pre-medical course. A course in Commerce and Business Administra tion is featured. Lte Expenses moderate. For terms . catalogue, and illustrated folder, ad ne dress ld~ HARRISON RANDOLPH, Presiden lal ??? I to Funeral Directors and or Embalemrs irs MOTOR HEARSE of J. COONER & SONS ed BAMBERG, S. C. lly \ . iS- . Ck p| PORTABLE AND STATIONARY Engine!) AND BOILERS Saw, Lath and Shingle Mills, Injecn tors, Pumps and Fittings, Wood n- Saws, Splitters, Shafts, Pulleys, n_ Belting, Gasoline Engines QS LARGE STOCK LOMBARD in' Foundry, Machine, Boiler Worke on Supply Store, a -* AUGUSTA. GA. im To Stop a Cough Quick ^ take HAYES* HEALING HONEY, i cough medicine which stops the cough b; 1(1 healing the inflamed and irritated tissues in A box of GROVE'S O-PEN-TRATl jo- SALVE for Chest Colds, Head Colds an< Croup is enclosed with every bottle o HAYES* HEALING HONEY. The salv< n~ should be rubbed on the chest and throa ry of children suffering from a Cold or Croup IV- The healing effect of Hayes* Healing Honey in side the throat combined with the healing effect o at Grove*8 O-Pen-Trate Salve through the pores c the skin soon stops a cough. e Both remedies are packed in one carton and th< n- cost of the combined treatment is 35c. at Just ask your druggist for HAYES ir_ HEALING HONEY. ? JUST GOT OVER A COLD? es , ch ~~ ts. Look out for kidney troubles anc id backache. Colds overtax the kidneys e- and often leave them weak. Foi ?T weak kidneys?well, tead what a Bamberg man says: 511 W. B. Hiatt, 30 Main St, says: "A SO ' t cold settled on my kidneys. M$ back ached as if it were broken and he sharp, cutting pains caught me ir e- my back whenever I stooped. The id kidney action was weak. Doan's et Kidney Pills helped me right from the start and in a short time they y cured me." 60c, at all dealers. Foster-Milbuir Co., Mfrs., Buffalo, N. Y. P l ;| On Sale : [ Ihe Tel ^ : nvith i he \ of ' r ' ? = Where You SOxj^ Can Buy CARO U. S. Tires: RIZE ts. ' | Ttia Quinine That Does Not Affect the Head I Because of its tonic and laxative effect, LAXAt ! TIVE BROMO QUININE is better than ordinary nfc ! Quinine and does not cause nervousness nor ' rnging in head. Remember the full name and | look for the signature of E. W. GROVE. 30c. Co ' ' | shi ! RILEY & COPELAND Re * > Successors to W. P. Riley. ^ Fire, Life | Accident 1 T V 3 TT -n A IT n n i I 1 IX O U H A iN U J1J I Office in J. D. Copeland's Store i t|, BAMBERG, S. C. ' | No Worms in a Healthy Child | All children troubled with Worms have an un-1 i healthy color, which indicates poor blood, and as a rule, there is more or 1 ess stomach disturbance.; GROVE'S TASTELESS CHILL TONIC given regularly for two or three weeks will enrich the bloody ; improve the digestion, and act as a general Strengthening Tonic to the whole system. Nature will then throw off or dispel the worms, and the Child will be In perfect health. Pleasant to take. 60c pet bottle. I* *1* *1* *1* *1* *1* *1* I* *1* *i* *1* *1* *1" *1* *1* "I4 "J* *1* *1**1* *1* *1* *1* * ; f lltESBYTERIAN COLLEGE ' * * % ? A high grade colleg * cent equipment, bea * strong faculty and ai T "L i TS n . & ooay. f or iuriner | ply to . * , | >. | Dr. D. M. Douglass, Pre * ! I SftMFTHIf t : n"1 TOOTHSOME TOASTED j5# |\A A TIO-BITS IYI /I \.y MM to tmC * * ato fato Um "SE" 1 AH, Tk Batik Cmk FM to {|/ BUIL] I / . jj i ASI Tom D ABOU i everywhere from ?,fUSCOTl nany improvemen The price remai |k the v* j|?grag0 , inside and ^a^>r- t*re 1 I United States lir I United States H Rubber Com| I _ lWOMrrt?<t?r>W .. m "WKu ti Mil Qi.iiumwOtyifM IkkkkUUkkUkkWkikkkkU SMOAK & MOYE, Bamberg, S.1 PHERN MACHINE WORKS, E LINA GIN COMPANY, Ehrhar R AUTO COMPANY, INC., Ola; ' y ^ { 1 Habitual Constipation Cured in 14 to 21 Days AX-FOS WITH PEPSIN" is a speciallyspared Syrup Tonic-Laxative for Habitual' nstipation. It relieves promptly but ould be taken regularly for 14 to 21 days ' 1 induce regular action. It Stimulates and gulates. Very Pleasant to Take. 60c j r bottle. 1 DR.GJ.TRULUCK SPECIALIST JJJ Is J Jbl VMVy UUU I Throat I Barton Bldg. Phone 274 i Orangeburg, S. C. J ?+ ?%? +%? ?%? %? * *"*$* *$* + * *$* *$* *{* * * -ft OF SOUTH CAROUNA I * * * a. ;e with magnifi- | J utiful buildings, , * fl ttractive student J s 1 information ap- * v V ' * i ;sident, Clinton, S. C. | / ' i NEW I f ITAMJNE OOD IRON I ^ v ^"v ? ftir o UUU LIME, * n kes pep | v. * t '\\\ ElEE BLOOD AND TISSUE x DERS IS A DELICIOUS REAKFAST POOD.j ^ ' ' ' \ ucker 1 T IT J | W WWWWWi*) t / / J i Now on / ',( re / i I / i i fr / ; I / ^ V?1 4 j i I J " I j f M i V . 1 KEN"USCO" announced j 1 its new low price of A $10.90 last Fall,v the a v makfers were already j ? busy developing a still \ sco" value. a " ; ^ 7 and better "Usco" as \ today?with no change a ? and tax, absorbed by j acturer. A lote in the new and :o" these features? * Z ^ tread, giving greater 4 rotection. Stouter side- j [ier a handsomer tire j| ake longer wear both j out. i W. itest money's worth of \ in the history of pneu- a A _ i 4 A IOC i w* A jany \ -KSf. A ' '* ==3 A - \ ? kkkkkkkfc^^fc^kJkJfl 0. I lenmark, S. C. dt, S. C. r, S. C. ^ J*