Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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. I w ""slcnoN Samlirrg ieralii PACfT0? 3 $2.00 Per Year in Advance BAMBERG, S. 0., THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1919. Established in 1891 MRXICO PLACES ORDERS FOR ARMS; * AMMUNITION AND GUNS PROM BELGIUM AND SPAIN. UNITED STATES ACTS. Protest Against Shipment Sent For> ward by State Department at Washington. _ o Washington, Nov. 13.?Large orders for arms and ammunition, placed by Mexico in Belgium and Spain, in preparation for the possibility of American intervention, came to light ? today when the state department let it become known that tne government had taken steps to prevent their shipment. The charge d'affairs of the United States embassy in Brussels has pro\ tested, under instructions, that shipment of the munitions would be in Yiolation of the international arms convention. As Spain is not a party a to the agreement which was designed 0 to aid in the keeping the peace of the vrorld during and after the war transition period, no such direct action is probable at Madrid. The order in Belgium was placed vrith the Fabrique Nationale D'Arms at Liege, probably under the direction of Candido Aguilar, Mexico minister y of foreign affairs, and President Carranaft's son-in-law. who went to Eu rope recently after stopping here and placing a wreath on George Washingr . ton's tomb at Mount Vernon. The orders in Spain which included rifles, millions of rounds of ammunition and a large number of machine guns, were negotiated through the Mexican minister there, Elezeo Arredondo, former ambassador to the United States and President Carran xa's nephew. Shipment Began Year Ago. The Spanish munitions, according ?to information in the hands of the * ' government began passing into Mexico more than a year ago w>ile the European war still was going on and in violation of the inter-allied embargo. Rifles and ammunition and some sample, machine guns are reported to have passed Habana on their way to Mexico as late as June of this year. For later shipments, cargo space had "been reserved for October 19, on Holland-American line steamers sailing , out of Antwerp, and further space had been reserved for Tampico, Vera Ouz and Puerto Mexico on December t. The United States has been denying shipments -of arms and ammunition into Mexico for many months for the reason that they generally (ell into the hands of of bandits and often ? C were used aginst Americans. ' Soon after the end of the war the Mexican government asked for the release of munitions bought in this eountry in 1917 but it was refused. ^ nei ^ PRINCE DELIVERS MEDALS, v* South Carolina War Heroes Among Number Honored. Washington, Nov. 13.?In' the presence of diplomatic Washington and many persons in high social and political life in this country and others, the Prince of Wales this morning delivered more than 80 decorations for bravery in the war to vaV rious members of the army and nafiry who performed herois service one way: or another. The presentations of the decorations and crosses was at the home of ? - - - 1-1? -1 Perry Belmont, one or ine paiauai mansions of the national capital. There in the large rooms of this elegant home the prince performed the ceremony which doubtless for many . years to come Tfrill be remembered by those who were fortunate enough to be present. The list of those to participate in this ceremony is a long one, but South Carolinians will be interested in her own men men more than any ethers. Capt. Elliott W. Springs, of Lancaster, who made an enviable . record in the aviation service for himself and for his country, received 'the distinguished flying cross. Besides Captain Springs, the following South Carolinians received meritorious medals: W. S. Fore, of Un*on, W. H. Nims, of Fort Mill, L. R. W. Smith, of Cades. G. W. Batson, of Greenville. m iei The Herald Book Store carries the Ingest stock of tablets, pencils memorandum books, and school supplies in Bamberg county. v PRESIDENT MAY REJECT TREATY SENATE ADOPTS ARTICLE TEN! RESERVATION. G. 0. P. VOTES SOLID. Proposals Differs Only Slightly From One Which Executive Declared He Would Regard as Rejection. Washington, Nov. 13.?Squarely joining the issue with President Wilson, the senate adopted today a reservation qualifying the obligations of the United States under Article 10 of the league of nations covenant. A solid Republican lineup reinforced by four Democrat voters put the reservation exactly as it came from the foreign relations committee and in virtually the language which the president declared on his Western tour would cut out the heart of the covenant and mean the rejection of the treaty. The vote by which the reservation won was 46 to 33. The fight for reservations having thus been carried to a climax, the Republicans presented for future action a cloture proposal designed to bring final action on the question of ratification within a week. A less sweeping measure, proposing limitation on the reservation debate only had been put in by the Democrats earlier in the day but rejected when the Republicans voted to sustain a point of order against it. Vote Saturday. A vote on thp question of clamping down a cloture on debate will come Saturday morning and the Repubii can leaders say it will depend entirely on the Democrats whether the move rallies the necessary "Two-thirds to j make cloture effective. The Demo- i cratic leaders were not ready tonight to say how they would vote, beln*, ffearful that agreement to so sweeping a programme might imperil ,their chances to secure action on a ratification resolution of their own. The article ten reservation as adopted by the senate follows: ''The United States assumes no obligation to preserve the territorial integrity or political independence of any - other country, or to interfere with controversy between nations? whe.ther members of the league or not .under the provisions of article ten, or to employ the military or naval forces of the United States under any article of the treaty for any purpose, unless in any particular case the congress, which, under the constitution, has the sole power to declare war, or authorize the employment of the militjuy or naval forces of the United States, shall by act, or joint resolution so provide." In only two particulars does this language differ from the proposed reservation which the president declared at Cheyenne, Wyo., he would be obliged to regard as a rejection.! As read by Mr. Wilson the phrase, "under the provisions of article ten," occurred at a different place, ana tne final word, "provide," was changed to "declare." FIND LIVING SKELETON. Sailor, Classed as Deserter, Found in Semi-Conscious Condition. Norfolk, Nov. 16.?Missing from the Hampton Roads approximately sixjy days, and classed as a deserter on October 22, Harry Joseph Harley, enlisted in the navy as a third-class fireman, naval officials of the district admitted tonight was found Friday evening in a sraii-conscious condition and emaciated to a living skeleton, under a bungalow in Unit J., section section at that base. Although in extremis from exhaustion and privation yesterday, naval surgeons at the naval hospital declared tonight that the man stood a chance to recover. The official opinion at the base is that Harley, who was wounded in France while serving with the American expeditionary forces, is a sufferer " -1?" nn/) (innroVionelvo irom sneil SIIUUIV, auu v v j of punishment when he overstayed ( a leave of absence, concealed himself under the bungalow. They are also confident that for some time he came out of hiding during the night, and was aided by comrades, who fur-' nished food, water and cigarettes. That he finally became 111 and was unable to leave his hiding place is also probable. Place your order for any magazine with The Herald Book Store. It will be reserved for you. Peanuts Profitabl To Bea Mr. J. A. Wyman Gives Su: tion Gathered on Trip T of Georgia and Alat ers Are Happy in Spite < / For years the farmers, merchants, 1 1 J w%An rfrAr>Av*ol1v UdrJiKCrti aim UUSillCSO UICU ^cuci an; have viewed the approach o|f the cotton boll weevil toward the State of South Carolina with apprehension, but until this fall it was not considered likely that our State would be infested for another year or two. In the past twelve or fifteen months, however, climatic and seasonal conditions have been ideal for the spread of the weevil. Last winter was mild, and doubtless a comparatively large number of weevils lived through it, so that the multiplication of the pests was very rapid from early summer. As the farmers of the counties contiguous to the Savannah river in Georgia and South Carolina were not familiar with the best methods of combating the ravages of the boll weevil, and probably had a larger acreage of cotton than could be successfully looked after under^existing conditions, it was inevitable that millions of weevils were ready to take wing this fall when the time of dispersal drew near.. It is also probably true that the wet summer was ideal for weevil propagation, and that the months of September, October and November, mild and inviting, were especially conducive to I the rapid spread of the weevil, as j shown by the fact that they are now 1 found in almost every county of this I State, and have even penetrated into North Carolina. At this time the boll weevil is present in such numbers in lower South Carolina that without doubt I the cotton crop of 1920 will be more or less injured by them. If the spring and summer months of 1920 are dry and hot, it is possible that j the usual acreage of cotton in this part of the State would make twothirds to three-quarters of the usual number of bales. It is a certainty, however, that with very much raifi, the boll weevil wiirdestroy a large portion of the cotton crop of T920, I : if the experience of the farmers of Georgia and Alabama is to be believed. In fact we do not have to leave our own State to obtain evidence and testimony that with wet seasons the weevil will ruin the cotton crop, for this occurred on hundreds of acres in the lower section of the State during this year. In some instances only one to two bales of cotton were made to th^ plow. But cotton has been and is now being' grown successfully in other Southern States under boll weevil i conditions, and it will likewise be profitably grown in this county, if we profit by the experience of others eimnariv situated, and use good judg ment, not being carried away by "get rich quick'' schemes of farming, nor stampeded by fear of our ability to make sensible changes in our system of agriculture. Experience is a great teacher, but sometimes it costs too much to acquire knowledge by that means. It was with a view of perhaps lessening the cost that the writftr made a trip through South Georgia and Alabama to ?cudy ^conditions and find out at first hand what the people of other weevil infested ,regions were doing, and had done, to overcome the menace that now hangs over us, if indeed anything had been accomplished elsewhere. On inquiry it was found that per? ' 1 13 V haps Soutn AiaDama wouia ue mo section that could furnish the best examples of successful farming under weevil conditions, especially when it was recalled that at Enterprise, Ala., the people liad actually raised by popular subscription some $3,000.00 for the erection of a monument, not in memory of some valorous hero, of war, nor in honor of some citizen whose philanthropies were praiseworthy. but this monument is being erected to the cotton boll weevil, heralded in that community as the "liberator of the people from the slavery of cotton," and spoken of as "a blessing in disguise.'" Therefore the writer spent enough time in Enterprise, Coffee county. e Crop t The Boll Weevil mmary of Valuable Informa'hrough Weevil Territory iama.?Peanut Plantand Prosperous of Weevil. ; Ala., and in adjacent counties, talking with dozens of farmers, bankers, and other business men. to obtain an insight into conditions, and to gather | a great deal of information about | farming practices and methods. Anyone visiting Enterprise will | hear the following story from dozens | of people, with more or less detail, I and probably this incident had more | to do with bringing about the present satisfactory (probably enviable) condition of the people of Coffee county and other counties in Alabama, than any other one factor that may be named. Mr. H. was a farmer, owning a medium sized farm of fair fertility on which cotton and corn had been planted for some years, making average crops, and yielding a moderate income. In 1914 a good crop of cotton was gathered, but*with the beginning of hostilities in Europe, the" price was only four to seven cents per pound, and the returns from the > sale of this crop left Mr. H. still in- j debted to his banker, Mr. S., for several thousands of dollars, a greater j amount than the farm and equipment, were worth. Realizing his serious j ?1 5-1 J-'ii If- TT ?1 J t- 5 - ! miaiiuiai couuiuuii, ivir. n. yiacea ais i property at the command of his banker, requesting advice. An engage-' ment was made for an afternoon's! discussion of the situation. At this! conference the banker, Mr. S., told '< Mr_ H. that the first thing he wanted j done was for Mr. H. to surrender his j automobile, and take credit for it. j This done, Mr. S. outlined the plan that he advised Mr. H. to follow. He reviewed the past history of cotton farming,, and told Mr. H. that even with good seasons and full crops, it might be years before he could pay up his indebtedness, and particularly was this true as the boll weevil had made its appearance that ! (1914) fall in Coffee county. Instead of planting cotton in 1915 Mr. H. was advised to put his usual cotton acreage in peanuts, the money for seed to be furnished by Mr. S., and if a fair crop seemed likely, Mr. S. agreed also to furnish the money for purchasing a peanut picker. In order to assure Mr. H. of a market for the peanuts, Mr. S. contracted to Duv tne wnoie crop ror yu cents a bushel, which was about $60.00 per ton. The plan was carried out, and in the fall of 1915 Mr. H. commenced to harvest and deliver the peanuts to Mr. S. The outcome was that at the end of the season Mr. H. had paid up all of his debts, had bought another automobile, and had some money in the bank. A tremendous crop of peanuts had been made, and instead of being a bankrupt Mr. H. was ready to go forward with courage, with faith in himself, and without dread for the future. He has continued to succeed, and although his system of farming now includes other crops than peanuts, the foundation of his prosperity was built upon the humble "guber." The profound impression made upon the people of that section by the unexpected and wonderful success of Mr. H. will be understood better when it is recalled that in the ? ? ?? 1 V% ? o till sauue year m wmui uc mauo a nming" in peanuts, the other farmers wer? badly injured financially, as the boll weevil had destroyed, in part, their cotton crop. It was but natural, therefore,'that in 1916, many farmers planted the new crop of peanuts, for it had been demonstrated that other crops than cotton would pay, and pay well. The planting of peanuts was also emphasized by the banks and merchants, since credit was refused to the farmer who want- ' ed to continue planting "all cotton." In 1916 a large acreage was planted in peanuts, but cotton was not abandoned. The peanut crop was a success and paid very well evidently, for in 1917 an immense acreage was < planted, and the whole of that sec- ] tion "made a killing" just as Mr. H. : had done in 1915. ] Another incident of success after < failure was related, the actors be- 1 V LOANS ON COTTON TO BE CONTINUED HARDING SAYS GOODS MUST BE SHOWN, HOWEVER. SENDS SMITH LETTER. Ar svf ^A/loral PACA**VTA PAQ MA VIVIV/> UV7I V/1 l VUViai 1IVOU VC XJVOIU Holds That Receipt Must Show Value of Staple. Washington, Nov. 16.?Denying persistent rumors to the effect that the federal reserve banks have contemplated the recall of loans made on cotton or the future issuance of loans, W. P. G. Harding, governor of the federal reserve board, in a letter today to Senator Smith, of South Carolina, stated the only change made in the position of the banksNregarding cotton loans was a tendency to stricter examination into the grade of cotton shown by the receipts pledged as collateral. ''The bank will not assiyne the value of even 25 cents a pound," Mr. Harding said, unless the receipts do indicate the grade or other satisfactory evidence is furnished as to what the grade is. There are so many different grades of cotton and the spread between the lowest and the highest grade is so great that it seems to me that some knowledge of the grade is necessary in lending intelligently on cotton as collateral." Mr. Harding declared there was nothing to warrant the inference that 25 cents a pound was to be regarded as the maximum salable value for loan purposes, adding: "We know that some long staple cotton recently sold in New Orleans at 75 cents pound, and we know also that it is not unusual for the fluctuations in cotton to amount to as much as 200 points in a single day. In these circumstances it seems to me that it is necessary to require a larger margin in making loans on cotton than was the case when cotton was selling at a much lower price and was free from the extraordinary fluctuations to which it is now subject." While believing that the federal reserve system should do- everything possible, with due regard to safety and to the "wants and requirements of other commercial interests in the country" to aid the cotton producers to market their products in a gradual ana orderly manner, so tnat no one might be forced to sell at a sacrifice, Mr. Harding said the banks should not be used as a medium to enable the owners of cotton to withhold it entirely from the market with the I view of forcing prices to an unreasonable level. in;; colored people. A negro family that must have been servants of the G. family, in years gone by, had been indebted to the estate of G. for years, but were permitted to pay what they could from time to time, and continue farming on some land, for which they owed the estate of G. In 1916 it was conclusively proven that a crop of peanuts was very valuable, and this negro family was aavised by one of the G. family to plant this crop in 1917, the money for seed peanuts being advanced by the estate of G. In the fall of 1917, about a month or six weeks after the picking of peanuts hadv generally commenced, the old colored mammy and her three sons came riding into Enterprise in a br&nd new Ford, with a grip full of green backs and silver, obtained by selling a part of their peanuts. Going to Mr. G. they told him that they had come to pay something on their mortgage. They did not know exactly how much money was in the grip, so Mr. G. counted it for them. It was found that they had enough to pay up the $2,300.00 mortgage al? #<->?. tvi on/1 Vio/1 III ?11 W3.S over llieil laiui, auu uuu some two or three hundred dollars over. Mr. G. advised them to put this money on the balance he thought due on the Ford, but the old mammy soon set him straight by saying, "Please Gawd, Master, we done pay fer hit." This incident created a sensation, and particularly so when it was discovered that between them the three sons of the old woman still had about two thousand bushels of peanuts to sell. In reciting these incidents the writer does not want to create the im- j pression that the situation confronting us in South Carolina is to be lightly considered, or that we can change our system of agriculture without a seeming (if not real) fi ANTI-JIM CROW CAR MOVE IS DEFEATED INTRODUCED BY REPRESENTATIVE MADDEN, OP ILLINOIS. COUNT STANDS 142 TO 12 South Carolina Man Tells House That South Carolina Handles Own Raoe Problems. Washington, Nov. 15.?Southern congressmen today routed all attempts to attach to the pending railroad bill in the house any provision tn infrintra tho -^irrVi + r. *1 ^ Hit i 1 foil CO C/C LUC OUU ILLern States to "Jim Crow" cars. Ia their fight they were aided by members from other parts of the country. By a vote of 142 to 12 a proposed amendment by Representatvie Madden, Republican, of Illinois, was voted down and out of the measure. Southern members in unison attacked the proposal, telling the house that it would disturb conditions in the South seriously and cause friction between the races, which might end in bloodshed. ? "This is not a proper question to be raised at this time," Representative Snyder, Republican, of New York, told the house. "No demand is made for it by the colored people, and we already have . enough difficulties without bringing on this one. The North does not realize what it means to the people of the South." Representative Crisp, Democrat, of Georgia, brought the debate to an end with a motion to strike out the proposed amendment, and his motion nrpvnilpH "Somewhere down the line there will come a reckoning," Representative Summers, of Texas, told the house, warning it against the proI posal. "It is a bad situation down there, and unless you permit U3 to draw the line somewhere there will be friction. If that should come then you must take the responsibility for this proposal." "Representative Stevenson, of S South Carolina, told the house the South handled its negro problem better than the North, as was evidenced by the recent race riots, and Representative Moore, of Virginia, reminded the members that the Supreme Court of the United States has sus / tained the rights of the States to provide separate accommodations for the * races on trains. COMPLYING WITH DRY STATUTE, Desire of Country to Observe Law Re- ^ fleeted in Conditions. s Washington, Nov. 16.?Compliance by the people with provisions of ,the prohibition enforcement act, during the first two weeks of its life, was reported today by Commissioner Roper of thte bureau of internal revenue. \ "My confidence in the desire of the American people to observe the law is being fully justified," Commission er Koper said. "Tiie law Dreamng element is small and growing less." The rqcent appeal to all moral agencies to support the government and aid in the law's enforcement, the commissioner declared, had brought real assistance from every quarter." Mr. Roper made public a report from the collector of one important district which illustrates conditions, I he said. This showed little violation j of the law and set forth that the liquor dealers' associations which, had pledged heavy support to the law and the press had been helpful factors. O ???????1 r ancial loss, for it is well known that under the tenantry system of our ruction no other crop pays so well as cotton. I do not mean that "all cott* n" farming is the best system, but ir practice our farmers have found It the most profitable, largely on account of the fact that such a great proportion of our tenants are negroes, and it has been hard to convince our * . colored' renters and share croppers that diversified farming pays best. Nor must it be believed tbat it will be as easy for us to change our system as it was for the farmers of Coffee and Pike counties, in Alabama, for inquiry developed the fact that the majority of white farmers in those counties lived on their farms, and were quick to make a change when cotton proved almost disastrous. The proportion of white to colored population in that portion of Alabama was about five whites to three negroes. The negro farmers followed (Continued on page 9, column 1.)