Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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WHEAT ONCE WEED Most Important Cereal Has Been Developed. "Exhaustive Researches Have Proved That It Had a More Humble Origin Than Any Other Known Artificial Plant. The original parents of all our cereals were grasses of one kind or other, often belonging to remotely different groups, but almost all indigenous inhabitant! of the central Asian and Mediterranean regions. The pedigree of wheat, the most important of all our cereals, is somewhat obscure. It has varied to a greater degree from its humble original than any other known artificial plant. Fortu nately, we are still able to recover the steps by which it has been developed from what might at first sight appear to be a very unlikely and ill-endowed ancestor indeed. The English couch-grass, which often proves such a troublesome weed In our own country, is represented around the Mediterranean shores by an allied genus of annual plants known as goat-grass; and one of these weedy goat-grasses has now been shown with great probability to be the wild form of our cultivated wheat It is a small dwarfish grass, with very petty seeds, and not nearly so full a spike as the cereals of agriculture. When man first reappears in northern Europe, after the great ice sheets once more cleared away from the face of the land, we find him growing and using a rude form of wheat from the \ earliest moment of his re-establishment in the. desolated plains. Among the pile-villages of the Swiss lakes, which were inhabited by men of the newer stone age, we find side by side with the polished flint axes and the handmade pottery of the period sev- j -? eral cereals raised by the lake-dwell- j ers on tne neighboring mainland. The ! charred seeds and water-logged Shocks disinterred from the ruins of the villages include millet, barley and several other erains: but bv far the commonest among them is a peculiar! small form of/wheat, which has been 1 named scientifically after the ancient! folk by whom it was used. This lake-wheat, however, though It ^ dates back to the very beginning ot the period in Europe, cannot be considered as the first variety developed from the primitive goat-grass by the: earliest cultivators; it is so superior in j character to the wild stock that it must already have undergone a long course of tillage and selection in more ! genial climates, and must have been j brought back to Europe in a coinpar-1 atively perfect condition by the short; dark people who settled our continent i immediately after the termination of> the glacial era. j From the neolithic time forward, the Improved seed has continued to grow bigger and bigger, both in the size ot the shocks and in the girth of the individual grains, until the present day. The original small lake-wheat, indeed, lingered on in use in Switzerland and the north down- to the days of the Roman conquest; but, meanwhile, in Egypt and the South, still better varieties were being gradually developed by . careful selection; and we find both kinds side by side in some few instances; thus showing that both were grown together at the same time by races-in different stages of civilization. With the introduction of these bet-; ter kinds by the Greek and Roman colonists into Gaul and Britain, the old lake-wheat became aulte extinct. In . deed, in every case the cultivated seeds and fruits which grew in neolithic garden plots were much smaller than those of our own time, whereas the wild seeds and wild fruits found under the same circumstances are just as large as their congeners of the present day. A lapse which makes relatively little dif "ence to the stable wild weeds makes relatively great dif-j ferences in the very plastic and care- i fully selected cultivated plants.?! Grant Allen in Colin Clout's Calendar. : I I World's Debt to Richard Burton. Richard Burton, to whom the world , Is indebted for a vast fund of infor- ! mation, gained while on his? exploring ; expeditions in the Far East, died Oc- j tober 20. 1S80. Burton acquired a ! familiar acquaintance with the language of the Orient, and in this way was equipped to make explorations in Arabia in the g*ise of an Afghan pil- j grim. One of his journeys, in 1859, j led to the discovery of L^ake Tanganyika and the opening up of the eastern part of Africa. Burton left behind j numerous books which described his journeys and gave an insight to those countries that had never before b?en given. ' "Getting Sacked." From the shores of the Bosphorus, ' somber, gloomy, menacing for many, comes this addition to our slang dictionary. One of the sultans of Turkey, always ingenious In matters of this kind, conceived of a new method of disposing of members of his harem of whom he had tired. The former object of his affection was put into a sack and thrown into the Bosphorus, and travelers in Turkey, learning of this novel process, brought back with them to the civilized world the expression "getting the sack." Retort Courteous. He?Statistics show that more bachelors art- criminals than married men. She?That is because the bachelor* have nobody to blame It on. \ 1 y f 11 The Golden Horseshoe : By VICTOR REDCLIFFE 'i' ! I , (Cupyrirbt, 1919. by the Western Newepaper Union.) There was a memory of the most tragic hoiir of young Bertram Wynn's life that he never forgot. He had left his home ten miles distant with a dark cloud hovering over past and present, ana naa sat oown at tne euge 01 a bluff lining a waterway to think, to cast up accounts socially, financially and morally. The outlook was desolate. As in an evil dream he summed up the disastrous climax to advice he had given his father as to investments, that had brought John Wynn to the verge of bankruptcy. He had sought solitude to analyze the shock, to withstand its crushing weight if that seemed possible. Darker and more forbidding grew his scowling brow as he faced the facts. Gloomier and more repelling seemed the future. His eyes fixed on vacancy, his lips grimly compressed, he drew a revolver from his pocket, turned it over speculatively in his hand and then hastily thrust it upon the ground behind him as the sound of approaching voices reached him. A picture in vivid contrast to the dismal visions wrought by his desponding mentality was presented. Framed in the golden sunshine was a oTrtrm nf Httlo phildr^n lpd bv. or cling VUJ^/ VA AWV ? ??r ? w ! ing to a lovely girl of about eighteen. She seemed to be their teacher and they just let out of school or returning to it. AS she passed the spot where Bertram sat she seemed momentarily startled, and then as if impressed with the sadness 1md desperation depicted in his face half/wavered, and passed on. Somehow that glance to Bertram seemed full of human sympathy and encouragement and as the group vanished the circumstance left an impress of joy and innocence that recalled his own bright youthful days. He was glad as, reaching behind him. he found that the revolver had slipped over the edge of bluff into the water beneath, and he arose shuddering at the spasm of despair, which had so nearly led him to take his own life. Bertram Wynn went to a large city and chanced to secure board, with an Italian family whose head had been a man of considerable means in his own country. This man took a fancy to Bertram and finally asked him to Join him in an export business he had started. He had influence abroad and had' secured some orders of magnitude. Bertram worked hard. At the end of the European war they secured JL .J a contract for a large consignment 01 machinery, duplicated it later on, made enormous profits, and, one year after leaving Chesterton. Bertram returned a rich man. His experience had made him human and considerate, and his past dark days actuated him towards making brighter those of the unfortunate and unlucky whom he met. He first re- | couped his father's lost fortune and i enabled him to complete some philanthropic plans his ill fortune had hindered. Bertram was kindly and friendly with all his old associates and had ever an open, helpful hand for the poor and lowly. One noon time, passing a group of workmen whom he knew near the plant where they labored. he was invited to engage in a game at quoits. In lieu of the usual metal discs ordinarily employed in the sport, horseshoes were used. Bertram entered into the game with zest. He was pitching one of the horseshoes when a child ran across between the stakes. The flying missile struck her directly on the head and the little girl fell, bleeding and insensible. Bertram at once picked up the victim of her own venturesomeness and hastened with her to the nearest physician. The latter was gravely concerned and stated that he feared bad results. "Poor little creature!" he said. "She is a homeless orphan whom Mary Vaile adopted. About two months since Miss Yaile went to the city to try a position there in a seminary and has since been paying the board of her protege here." "It you wiii give me me auurcso ui the young lady I will communicate with her," suggested Bertram. "No, don't do that, until the crisis is past," advised the doctor. "It would only distress Miss Vaile and probably cause hei to give up a lucrative position." "Meantime, then, let the little one be removed to our home," insisted Bertram. Little Corinne passed the crisis safely and Bertram told the doctor he would go to Miss Vaile and tell her of the accident and its outcome. He had heard so much of the kindly deeds of the young lady that he considered her ? " Via artd deserving 01 an assurance mat uc a.uw his father would gladly take from her shoulders the expense and responsibility she had so nobly assumed. The glory of life seemed to open up for him with new sentiment at Mary Vaile came into the room where he was awaiting her at the seminary, for In a flash he recognized her as the sympathetic girl of the day whendeath grazed him so closely. But not until their double chance acquaintanceship had ended In mutual love did Bertram Wynn tell Mary Vaile of how much he owed to her, and when they took little Corinne to their new ho.ne over the doorway of its living room they affixed a golden horseshoe. ft HAS HIGH PUCE IN HISTORY Magellan Famed as Man Who Found the Pacific and Completed the Work of Columbus. i Four centuries ago Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Seville, Spain, on the voyage during which he discovered the Pacific ocean, named the Straits of Magellan and opened the islands of the Pacific ocean to the people of Europe. His was the first circumnavigp tion 01 tne eartn. tiau lie uui ueeu imbued with the desire to be the governor of a new world, in keeping with the promise accorded him by Charles V., the great geographer might have attained even greater heights. Ini stead he. died, before the three years' cruise was completed, while In battle with natives of a group of the Philippine islands. He had discovered thera, along with Ladrone and Guam islands. J and was intent on making them Span- 1 ish. The discovery of America by Columbus had not completely convinced Europeans that the earth was. round, j but the findings of Magellan clinched i the argument. He started with a crew j of 270 men and five vessels, but the one ship that survived the cruise only I took back a remnant of that party. ! Many died of scurvy, and some fell during mutinies and battles with na- j tives. Magellan added much to the i world's geography. He outlined the | entire eastern coast of South America. ' His discoveries offered the Spaniards | new opportunity, and they started to further explore the Pacific. Spaniards found and named California, after a j character in a Spanish novel. Then j for some unaccountable reason they rested on their laurels. . r BALD HEADS AT PEACE TABLE Many Diplomats Had Whiskers and Mustaches, but Lacked Hair i on Their Craniums. An amusing sidelight on the recent peace conference at Versailles is thrown by a correspondent, who not only reported the proceedings proper, j but took notes regarding the hair, mustaches, beards and whiskers of the peacemakers. Two-thirds of the delegates were more or less bald. Perhaps some of them made up for this by wearing mustaches. Out of 65 men who sat. round the peace table, all had mustaches but 14. Whiskers, on the other hand, were not popular. Only three people wore them, and by a curious coincidence the names of all these three people began with V. They were Venizelos j of Greece, Vandervelde of Belgium j and Vassitch of Serbia. The latter's whiskers were particularly prominent. In regard to dress, there was less formal attire than one might have j rnu /\ / ?! ifiV? rvnf^ n A cmoni o 1 ILUUgllJCU. X11C Uilignou ^aiu uv attention to dress. High hats and frockcoats, once a combination that would rnever have been sanctioned, were quite popular; but there were some countries which put all they knew into their attire. These were, notably, the Japanese, and some of the South American states. Rather Ominous. i Among the presents given to a rural1 bride was one from an old lady in tlu j neighborhood with whom the bridr j and the groom were prime favorites | Some years before the old lady hac j 1 accumulated a number of cardboarc j ' mottoes, which* she worked anc j framed as occasion arose. . In cheerful blues and reds, suspend ! < ed by a cord of the same colors, ovei the tat.e en which the other presents: ' were gathered, hung this molto: "Fight On; Fight E'er." II Your Eyes , Tested andFit-c i/i .1 I ted Correctly BY A GRADUA Reid'sJew BAMBER WE ARE HERE TO : And Invite Yon to Become Om I Why not make bank? Make use count Plan; take facilities and equip ter protection of ; creating a reserve use. Enterpri BAMBER H. M. GRAHAM, DR. ROBT President Vice Pi NEW SOURCE OF TURPENTINE Tree in 'Central India to Be Looked To for Supply of Really Good Quality. Turpentine oil and rosin are already being produced on a commercial scaie in India by the distillation of pine rosin. A new source of supply which, though comparatively small, may be valuable, especially for Indian use. has now been found in frankincense .or olibanuin. This material is obtained by the natives by making incisions in the stems of Boswellia serrata, a tree widely distributed throughout the dry zone forests of Centfal India. The resinous substance which exudes from the cuts contains a kind of turpentine, a rosin and a gum. Investigations of the methods of separating these constituents in a marketable' form have been conducted since 1912 by the forest authorities in India in co-operation with the Imperial institute. and the results have been published recently in a paper by R. S. Pearson, forest economist, and Puran Singh, chemical adviser, at the Forest Research institute, Dehra Dun. The general conclusion reached, based on the results of numerous trials, is that the turpentine oil is equal to good quality American turpentine oil. Abyssinian Lijces American Styles. "I would like to see Abyssinian women dress like American women," is a remark credited to Prince Nadoa, the head of the Abyssinian mission in this country. This may be merely a bit of oriental flattery or it may be an indication of the prince's bravery. It shoulcj be remembered, first, that the sovereign of Abyssinia is a woman, and a descendant of the queen whose elegance and beauty of costume dazzled King Solomon's court, and in the next place that in Abyssinia style does not change more than once every thousand years, and that for that length of time the life of a man is free from all pecuniary worries Incident to changing fashions and new dresses. Without any intention of forecasting trouble for the prince, it might be suggested that if this story should precede him he will have some explanations to make either to the queen or to the husbands and fathers of A 1 ADYSS1U1U. t Faith in Adversity. Joe ' Fountain of Bootjack, Mich., was willing to plead guilty in court to the charge of making liquor, having a private still in his home. Prosecuting Attorney Lucas told the court that he tried to get a promfse of reformation from Joe, a promise at least that he would refrain from drinking for the remainder of his life. "Not me," was Joe's answer. "It might get wet again." As Joe's infraction included only making a little spirits for his own use he was released on payment of the costs.?Daily Mining Gazette. A Drawback. Jacob Ruppert, the New York brewer, told at a luncheon a story about a war profiteer. "He gave a dinner one night," said Mr. Ruppert, "and when his wife entered the drawing room he was astonished to see her in a very decollete dinner gown?no sleeves, very low in the front, and lower still in the back. His wife had never worn a decollete gown before and the profiteer stared at her in bewilderment. " 'Well,' she said, 'don't you like it? Don't you like this Paris confectfon, [larlf' r?" ** t ft ' is'iid the Drofiteer. Inn v.i t I want to know is, honey, where the dickers are you g(in' to tuck your napkin?' ' ' ^bubbbssskbkkbskbbbkbkbbbb^b .TE OPTICIAN I relry Store I SERVE THE PUBLIC I g of Oar Regular Customers 1 this bank your 8 of our Bank Ac- 1 advantage of our a ment for the bet your income and B fund for future m ^ H se bank :Q, S. C. . BLACK, W. D. COLEMAN, esident Cashier Fresh Oysters Fresh Norfolk Oysters now served regularly. They are luscious, delightful, and palatable. We get them fresh by express. TRY THEM! BAMBERG FRUIT COMPANY I ifSjl OWEN BROS. MARBLE I N \ i i it 7\ n i\ ? iTtmn o a mi | I I AND tiKANllfc IU. t- DESIGNERS A MANUFACTURERS ERECTORS / ^ . : v'^| The largest and best equipped 7' ; '-^MNsv monumental mills in the Carolines. . GREENWOOD, S. C. v * Lights Like a Gas Jet ' Simply raise the gallery of a Rayo * i i i_L r\ 9 a. lamp ana apply ine maicn. uun i remove either shade or chimney. . The Rayo brings steady, companionable light wherever used ?is restful and economical. * ' Rayo lamps last a lifetime? * won't smoke or smell?fill, rewick and clean readily. None better at any price. Built of solid brass, nickel plated. Over / 3,000,000 in use. Aladdin Security Oil gives best results STANDARD OIL COMPANY (New Jersey) Washington, D. C. BALTIMORE, Charlotte. N. C. J Norfolk. Va. MD. Charleston, W. Va. Richmond, Va. Charleston, S. C. ?r w Jfln ^ iHav LAMPS ' . % */* -imffiffiBBW3PB5B9BBBB3MlE8BIHBBBBBBmmHBBBflBBMi^^B^^B i i fl xyi,p^ko/'our i ' i mm- i I I it Strong locks I i i ? the-sare i |1 i *1 ^i'll^place to hide i . a ffi) &? ' 1 your money i i i w jjj' -put your money i I I Hi "j incur. Bank I I Iw f|then you have i. H|||< | \ \ " iij 11 ? , I If you bury your money some one may SEE you or may find it. You might die without anybody knowing of its whereabouts. If you hide it behind a picture, under the carpet, in ^ a sugar bowl or the the coal bin, a burglar can just. come and get it. That's the burglarvs business, Study this picture and you will hide yours in our bank. BANK WITH US. "* - ? i?faroof ot\ m_ IW 6 pay iuiix per ueixu. iuuw V/KJ l/j UViU- _ pounded quarterly on savings deposits | I Farmers & Merchants Bank | I BHRHARDT, S. C. J wnMHHHBHnMBHHHHHH BBSS.-? 7 % < I. n -S ^ ' ' . i