The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, August 21, 1919, Image 1
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$2.00 Per Year in Advance BAMBERG, S. C., THURSDAY, AUGUST 21,1919. Established in 1891
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GREAT WEAPONS
WERE BEING USED
*"
UNCLE SAM WAS GETTING INTO
STRIDE.
- As End of War Came
Assistant Secretary Crowe.ll, Director ]
of Munition^, Prepares History
of Efforts.
Washington, June 4.?Behind the
armies in France which smashed a
road to victory through the German i
defenses last fall, the United States
\ was forging, before the armistice was
* signed, weapons gigantic and powerful,
counted upon to make ultimate
victory certain. In the American artillery
programme alone, the full
fruition of which could not have been
reached before 1920, there was in
creation an agency believed by army
men to be of itself able to bring victory.
An official and detailed account of
that programme is contained in the
chapters made public last week of
"Munitions," the historical report
prepared under the direction of Assistant
Secretary Crowell, who was
* director of munitions during the
war.
The whole story of guns, from the
m 37 mm "infantry cannon'' with its
1ILULL <111 tl uuiCj u^oi5uvu A.V&
* use in the front lines of combat, to
. the 16-inch mortar on a railway
mount which was to work havoc on
the enemy from points miles behind
the fighting front, the story of the
extraordinary- efforts of American industry
to equip an army with artillery
on a scale never before attempted
is graphically pictured. Through
It all runs the same spirit of partnership
in the war enterprise between
industry and the government that
made possible such an undertaking.
The chapters devoted to guns are
so extensive as to make up a considerable
volume in themselves. The>
^ contain the names and the statistical
* records of achievement of all the
firms in the years to come.
Among the many interesting things
In the report is the account now officially
given of the reasons that impelled
the war department to cast
j
aside except for training purposes all
_ the 3-inch field artillery with which
the American army was equipped
when the United States entered the
war, and to substitute for these
weapons three types of guns fitted to
take ammunition of the 75 mm type
employed by the French light pieces.
Problem of Production.
There has been much controversy
because of the alleged failure to
adopt at the outset of the war the
. French 75, famous for its performances
in the war, as the standard
American niece of this type. The
report shows that,the gun was adopted
for combat purposes, but that its
** , production in quantity in the United
States proved to be even more of a
* problem than the government's experts
had anticipated. For that reason
the American 3-inch gun, redesigned
for 75 ammunition, similarly
rechambered, were both put into production
in order to make use of every
facility for manufacture. The
American ^nd British type were intended
primarily for training work
and were so employed. But the wisdom
of putting these guns into production
on a quantity scale is em\
phasized in the following paragraph:
\ "In the year and one-half of our
war experience the manufacturing
production problems were all practically
and completely solved with
one exception?that of building
French hydro-pneumatic recuperators
for the 75 mm guns. This, perhaps
the hardest manufacturing job in
the whole range of war industrial
enterprises and naturally the last
one to come through, had not been
solved when the armistice was signed.
v However, it is only fair to state that
the solution was imminent on Nok
* vember 11, 1918."
The recuperator is the recoil deP
* vice which makes these French guns
s what they are. Their construction
was a French secret and to build
them there is required a degree of
precision comparably only, the report
states, to that necessary in Building
as delicate an instrument as a sextant.
It was with difficulty that any
t i American manuiacturer was persuaded
to undertake it, yet on April 5,
1919, 67 of these recuperators had
been completed and 53 of thesb
passed by French experts and accepted
by the government. They were
the first of these devices built out of
France or by other than the skilled
r
HYDE 1 VOTEAHEAD !
!
i
A telephone message from the j
News and Courier Wednesday at
2:4." stated that, with all the votes
counted. Mayor Hyde has a lead
ol one vote over .Tohn P. Grace
in i he Charleston election for may- ;
or. Grace does not concede the !
election. There is a considerable
number of contested votes, and the
final result will not be known until
a disposition is made of these
votes. The Grace faction has full
control of the election machinery
in Charleston.
French workmen.
Construction of the guns them
selves and their carriages went for
ward swnuy. i nuer me agiccmciuo
the French and British were to supply
the first American armies with
all of their field artillery and intermediate
batteries with the exception
of the powerful American 4.7 rifle
and howitzer which was taken over
by the troops and which proved highly
effective against German field
9
guns. The American expeditionary j
force received from the French be- j
fore the armistice was signed 1.828
75 mm guns and 772 155 mm howitzers.
They had also received from
the French 216 155 mm rifles and
from the British 123 8-inch howitzers
with 40 9.2-inch howitzers completed
and ready for delivery. Additional
contracts were made with the
British for 302 howitzers of 6-inch
caliber for delivery by April, 1919.
Already in Game.
To fill their own factories with
forgings for guns, both French and
British were drawing heavily on
American industry when the United
States entered the war. These orders
were not interfered with, but
? 1-1-3 3
on the contrary were stimulated auu
expanded in order that the United
States might furnish forgings in
trade for completed guns and at the
same time create a wholly new source
of supply for the bulk of its own
artillery programme. The report
shows that between April, 1917, and
the conclusion of hostilities there
were supplied to the allies forgings
for 1,102 guns of calibers ranging
from 3-inch to 9.5-inch; additional
gun tube forgings /to the extent of
14,623 and shell forgings totalling
5,01 S, 451.
There were, four gun makers in the
United States when the country entered
the contest, but by October,
1918, there were 19 factories engaged
on this work. During that month,
with three of the 19 factories still
lacking their complete equipment,
they were producing 2,031 gun forgings
of caliber's up to 9.5-inch or at
a rate of 24,000 guns a year as compared
to the capacity for 55 finished
weapons a year in the spring of
1917.
The actual production of completed
guns up to December, 1918, was 4,039,
including 1,813 of 75 mm caliber;
230 of the 3-inch anti-aircraft
type; 218 of the 4.7-inch type; 1,456
of the 155 mm howitzers; 129 of the
155 mm rifles; 191 8-inch howitzers
and 2 of the monster French 240 mm
howitzers, which have supplanted the
smaller British guns of this type in
1918. Over the same period the
number of gun forgings produced totalled
8.440.
The report points out that the gun
programme in reality depended upon
tli? anility to produce me iaun
mechanisms. This picture of what
such mechanisms are called upon to
do is drawn:
"Now long ago a touring car,
weighing two tons, traveled at a rate
of 120 miles an hour along a Florida
beach. Conceive of such a car going
337 miles an hour, which is much
faster than any man ever traveled;
then conceive of a mechanism which
would stop this car, going nearly six
miles a minute, stop it in 45 inches of
space and half a second of time, without
the slightest injury to the automobile.
That is precisely the equivalent
of the feat performed by a recuprator
by a 240 mm howitzer after
a snot."
Summarizing the production of
guns by the United States as compared
with France and Great Britain
the report says that between April,
1917, and November, 1918, the United
States produced 2,OSS complete
artillery units as against 11,056 by
France and S.065 by Great Britain,
and during those 19 months turned
out 4,275 gun bodies as against 19,4
92 by France and 11,852 by Great
Britain.
Only Begun to Fight.
"And our artillery capacity," it
adds, "were then, in the autumn of
ALL RESTRICTIONS
ON TOBACCO LIFTED
CO-MMITTi:i: SKXT TO WASHfXGTOX
WIRES ORDER. \
Markets Open At Once.
Order Means Ranker of Further
Losses to Tobacco Men Is
Removed.
Florence. Aug. 14.?The committee
from the South Carolina Tobacco
Growers' Association which was sent
to Washington by the meeting here
yesterday, tonight wired as follows:
"Mason Brunson, secretary.
"The railroad administration has
today ordered all restrictions and
limitations on the bill of lading for
tobacco removed at once and that
the railroads shall expedite the shipping
of tobacco as rapidly as possible.
This order is effective now. Buyers
and warehousemen should be notified
and markets opened not later than
Monday. Bright Williamson, D. A.
Spivey, W. H. Andrews, committee."
- This means that the danger of
more losses to tobacco men and
farmers has been removed. In Florence
sales will start again tomorrow,
and it is likely that all markets in
the State will reopen immediately.
The association was formed only
about two weeks ago. This one piece
of work it has been able to accomplish
through its strong committee is
worth untold thousands of dollars to
the tobacco interests of the State.
191S. onlv netting under way."
Big guns are dealt with separately.
A survey of the country immediately
after the war declaration located 464
weapons ranging from 7-inch to 14inch
.caliber which could be spared
from coast defenses or by the navy
tp be placed on railway mounts for
use in France. There was also available
a giant 16-inch howitzer built
by the army before 1917. From the
seacoast defenses were taken 96 8inch;
129 10-inch; 49 12-inch rifles
and 150 12-inch mortars, while the
navy supplied 12 7-inch rifles and 21
14-inch, and 6 high power 12-inch
rifles building for the Chilean government
were commandeered. Practically
all of these were intended for
the railway mounts of various types
and the great majority of them together
with new guns of these sizes
would have reached France in time
for the campaigns of 1919 and 1920
had the war continued.
In all there were in process projects
to support the American army
with 300 of these tremendous guns,
all of which were well advanced
when the fighting ended. In addition
to the navy's contribution of 14-inch
rifles on railway mounts, three army
8-inch units went overseas. By the
end of 1918, 24 units had been completed
and the guns and mounts fully
demonstrated. An interesting feature
of the mount was that it had trucks
which would permit it to operate over
either standard railroad or the narrow
guage lines at the front.
Railway mounts for 36 10-inch
rifles from the coast defenses also
** J f ll O
Were Ol'Ciereu 111 uuupciauuu it uu v?ivFrench
machine work and assembly
to be done in France. They were to
be delivered at General Pershing's
request by March, 1919. '
One of the projects embarked upon
was the mounting of 40 of the 12inch
mortars for use in the 1919
campaign. This proved to be the
largest job of the whole artillery programme
and required the construction
by the government of a wholly
new plant which was completed on
June 1, 1918. The first mount was
finished in August of that year and
passed all tests, and when the armistice
was signed the castings, forg
ings and structural parts for 91
mounts were on hand. In April of
this year 45 complete units had been
delivered and the whole 91 guns
could have been mounted by June.
The department ordered 16 mounts
for 14-inch rifles, deliveries to begin
in February, 1919. These were in addition
to the five guns of this size
manned in France by the navy. The
armistice served to cancel the contract.
The 16-inch howitzer, largest ol
the whole gun family, was successfully
mounted upon a railway carriage
and following its passage of severe
tests, General Pershing called for 15
of these weapons as soon as thej
could be produced. Orders were placec
for 61 additional guns of this size
but none had been turned out by the
time the armistice was signed anc
TO MAKE MALARIA
SURVEYS IN STATE
Ml\I< HWIJTIES MAV HAVE
THEM AT \<) EM'EXSE.
Health Officer in S. C.
.
j Applications Should I Jo Made To Dr.
F. A. Hayne?(?ieat. Opportunity
OH'crod.
Columbia. Aug. If'.?At the request
of Dr. J. A. Hayne. a governj
ment public health officer has been
J detailed to come to South Carolina
to make a survey of the towns and
cities of the State for the purpose of
learning what is necessary to eliminate
malaria for these towns and
cities.
Dr. Hayne has been notified that
i
j J. M. Fisher, associate sanitary engi!
neer if the Tnited States health ser;
vice, has been ordered to come to
j South Carolina for the purpose of
making these surveys.
Mr. Fisher is to have his headquarters
in Columbia, and the letter
; of instructions to him in part reads:
"In carrying on these investigations
you will cooperate and assist
the State and local health authorities,
and as directed* from this office you
will make necessary malaria surveys,
prepare estimate of extent and cost
of malaria control work, and furnish
such supervision as may be required
in successfully prosecuting this
work."
When the survey is complete the
municipality will be furnished with
an estimate of the cost of eliminating
malaria from its boundaries.
The surveys are to be made at no
cost to the municipalities, and it is
only after the surveys have been completed
that the municipalities may
determine whether or not they wish
to control malaria in their boundaries.
Summerville is the first town in
the State to make application for information
concerning a survey. All
other towns wishing surveys at no
cost to themselves should apply at
once to Dr. J. A. Hayne, State health
officer, Columbia.
Dr. Hayne has done a great piece
of good work for the State in securing
the services of the national government
officer to make the surveys,
and untold benefits are expected to be
derived from the survey.
If each municipality of the State is
snrveved and then has suclT work
done as will eliminate malaria from
its boundaries, if it exists, in accordance
with the government regulations
no greater asset in the eyes of
the nation would be created for South
Carolina.
Regardless of the general good
health of the State the opinion of the
people in the North and West is that
malaria abounds here, fhere are several
of the largest insurance companies
in the United States which
have never done business in this State
on the theory that health <--onditions
do not provide the best risks. However
ill founded these theories may
be the fact that the national government
should declare the towns and
cities free from malaria would do
South Carolina incalculable good.
The surveys will be made free of
expense to the municipalities. They
will be furnished with an estimate of
the cost of malarial control and it
will be in their power to eliminate
this malady if it exists in their boundaries.
He Had Musical Pains.
A private answered sick call the
other day and complained of "pains
in the head." /
The surgeon asked "What kind ol
pains?"
( "Musical pains, sir."
The surgeon asked how they sounded.
> "Like 'Home, Sweet Home,' sir."
the work of mounting them was nevei
. undertaken.
The chapters of the report giver
i out today deal also with artillery ams
munition, with the powder produc
tion and with the plans that wer(
beyond the experimental stage foi
mounting heavy guns on caterpillm
- tractors, which was an American de
j velopment of the war. It promise;
> now to revolutionize the handling o
! artillery for the entire world. Whil<
r numerous experimental types wen
I produced and successfully tried out
, however, this motorization had no
i reached the point of production "be
I fore the armistice ended hostilities.
i
Denmark roinhs. J
Item* of Personal and Social Interest
From Neighbor Town.
Denmark. Aug. Ik.?The vacation
guest of the Rev. and .Mrs. 0. .1. 1
Friar has been .Mr. Hasty, of Waynesboro.
a theological student at Furman
Fniversity. On Thursday Mr.
and Mrs. Friar motored to Allendale
to be present on the o easion of the
sOtli birthday of Mrs. Friar's mother, j
Mrs. Williams.
Miss Virginia Andrews is the guest
of Mrs. Wade Faust.
Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Cain and family
are camping this week at Itolman's
Bridge on the Edisto. c
The week-end guests of Mrs. Frank h
Steifel were her neice and nephew, e
Mr. and Mrs. Horace Bennet, of A!- i
lendale. Miss Myrtle Bennet and e
Airs. Steit'el's mother, Airs. Beck, of
Allendale, are with her for the week, l;
Friday evening Aliss Helen Turner [
enttertained with a pindar boiling.
A great many were out for the picnic
at Holman's Bridge on Friday
evening, the supper was good and all
went merrily on until a few crystal
drops fell. If one were superstitious
the rain, thunder and electric storm
that took place before the picnickers
had time in which to reach home
would surely cause one to beware of
picnics.
Airs. W. D. Alayfield and children
are visiting near St. Alatthews.
The Alisses Varnella and Alargaret
Alilhouse. of Columbia, are making
the home of their aunt, Airs. Alary
Ray, their headquarters while in
Denmark, and from there they radiate
out into the homes of the many
relatives and friends who are happy
to claim them for awhile. Denmark
is the old home of the Alisses Alilhouse.
D. X. Cox is away on his vacation.
The Rev Rogers of the Alethodist
church is taking August for vacation.
Airs. Frank Simms has returned!
from Kansas City.
INJURFD IN WRECK.
Automobile Collides With Train Near
Denmark.
Denmark. Aug. 15.?On Tuesday
Ed and Fitzhugh Cox, sons of Clar/V
A C v TT ? ? HIT1 /I K X" f Vx A /> A 1 1 12* ?
eiiue vju.\, hcic mjiucu w? mc luiiioC
ion of a train with their automobile,
c
which occurred at the Lees crossing,
near Denmark. The train was nearly
on the boys before they realized it,
?
and it was only due to their having
quickly turned the automobile alongside
the track that they avoided being
crushed. Ed suffered a broken t
arm and injured back. Fitzhugh's f
ankle was badly wrenched. The automobile
was completely demolished. 2
^ < > ? *
MEETING THIS WEEK. r
t
Barnwell-Bamberg Convention in Ses- i
sion Wednesday to Friday. 1
a
The Barnwell-Bamberg Sunday- t
school convention will meet for a <
three day session commencing Au- f
gust $0, at Double Pond church, situ-' 5
ated about five miles Soirth of Blaekville.
W. S. Currell, president of the j
University of South Carolina, and (
other prominent men will address the
convention. A question that will ]
command the attention of the con- ]
vention will be the Baptist "Seventy- \
five Million" campaign which will be ,
launched in about two months. The apportionment
of the Barnwell asso
ciation is large and plans will be made
soon to raise the allotment. i
mm Hi >
T>r. William Thomas Breeland. j
Laurens, Aug. 13.?Dr. William
Thomas Breeland (lied at 6:30 o'clock
!
this morning, at the residence of his
? daughter, Mrs. John A. Hicks here.
. Dr. Breeland was born December
16. 1831, in Colleton county, and
? married Lydia Susan Smart, December
IS, 1S61. He was a graduate of
Charleston Medical college and prac.
tised medicine for 62 years in Barnwell
and Hampton counties. He
served in the War between th" states
5 as a surgeon, and was a life long
* member of the Methodist church, his
membership being at Allendale, the
1 place of his late residence.
About four years ago Dr. Breeland
* accidentally fell, breaking his hip.
s and was confined to his bed from that
* x * A * 1 ~ + L UQ TTO C a VPfV
| tllllR llli 111 1115 ucatu. j i v- .tu,a (
r j patient sufferer, but hems: SS years
- of age he was never able to recover.
5 He is survived by two children:
? Mrs. John A. Hicks, of Laurens, and
2 Dr. W. H. Breeland. a practicing phy2
sician of Allendale.
Tntermeht will take place at Allent
dale, the funeral services to be held
- at the Methodist church. 11 o'clock,
Friday morning.
WARE TO FIGHT
DREAD INFLUENZA
\
? /
MUSICIANS I'XAKLK TO CONTROL
niSKASK.
Preventive Measures.
)r. Hayne Tolls of the Bone Spray
Disease?Dr. Hey ward Gibbes
On Futile Ffforts.
Dr. J. A. Hayne. State health offier,
says that very soon plans will
ave been finished to meet any emergnc*y
should there be an epidemic of
iiuucn/.a in mis or any ot the Southirn
States.
At a recent meeting of the State
lealtli officers Dr. Ennion G. Willams,
State commissioner of health of
Virginia. Dr. W. S. Rankin, State
lealth officer of North Carolina, and
)r. J. A. Hayne, State health officer
>f South Carolina, were appointed
l committee to prepare plans to com>at
any epidemic of influenza should
inch occur.
All physicians ready for service
vill be enrolled and so will be the
rained nurses and those who have
aken Red Cross training. When the
dans are complete they will be filed
or immediate use. '
Dr. Hayne says that the State is not
low free from influenza. Three
ases have been reported from Abbe*ille
county in the last month, and
>ne or two other cases have been relorted.
Dr. Hayne. when asked what preventative
measures should be taken,
;aid that the people could judge of
hat when they understand that iniuenza
was what is known as a
'spray bone" disease. It is spread by
ixhalaHons in the breath. As explained
by him in breathing a person
nakes minute exhalations to the disance
of about five feet. These ex
icuaiiuns wnen tahen mio tne lungs
>f others cause infection. Persons
ihould be careful to sneeze into their
landkerchiefs, and in coughing
hould cover their mouths. Protecion
from influenza may be had only
herefore in staying away from
rowded assemblages, and in the use
>f proper gargles and sprays.
In his address to the South Caroina
Medical Association, Dr. Hayne
aid:
"I do not know that we are much
letter off than the Italians were in
he 17th century, who ascribed inluenza
to the influenza of the stars,
t is also ascribed to earthquakes i
ind volcanic eruptions. It has ap)eared
at sea far away from comnunication
with land. This occurred
o Admiral Richard Kempenfelt. We
lote also being epidemics, one in
1847, which lasted about eight wears,
md one another in 1S90, and it seems
o prevail independently of climate,
season or weather. It has nothing
:o do with a bad cold, but is an acute ;
specific fever of unknown origin."
Dr. J. Heyward Gibbes in a paper
printed in The Journal of the South
Carolina Medical Association says:
"One would think that in approximately
400 years the lay mind would
have been robbed of some of its mystification
and superstitution associated
with the outbreaks of influenza
and that the medical profession
would be unfailing in its recognition
and somewhat proficient in its control.
But such distinction can not be
justly claimed. The very term 'influenza'
implies ignorance and fear beins:
simply the Italian equivalent for
influence, and the same may be said
of the French designation of the disease.
la grippe. Peculiar atmospheric
conditions, meteorologic and tellogic
influences, and the idea of a
providential affliction upon a wicked
world, which represent the gropings
explanatory efforts of previous centuries
have given place to thoughts
of a poison disseminated by German
activities, and fears of a worldwide
epidemic of a bubonic plague in our
2otli century. The records of our
army enmnc and our bureaus of vital
statistics too plainly establish the futility
of our efforts of control."
MORRIS QUITS OFFICE.
Sheriff of Barnwell County Hands in
Resignation.
Sheriff .T. B. Morris, of Barnwell
county, tendered his resignation to
Governor Cooper yesterday. In his
letter the chief officer said he was
entering business in Barnwell and
asked that his resignation he accepted.
Governor Cooper will appoint
a successor in the near future.?Co-\
lumbia State. Aug. 14.