The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, July 10, 1919, Page 2, Image 2
CHATEAU-THIERRY MIRACLE.
Hertling Expected Crave Events in
Paris Before July 18.
In the Century Magazine for May,,
1919, gppears .^n article entitled "The
Miracle of Chateau Thierry,*' by Col.
R. H. C. Kelton of the General staff
at Washington, formerly chief of staff
of the Third Division. Although a
large part of the facts that are
brought out in this article are familiar
to the majority of us in one form or
another. Colonel Kelton has preoented
them so graphically and brought
out their significance so clearly that
it is believed that everyone in the
division will be interested in reading
the account. We are, therefore,
nrintine certain parts of it.
Chateau Thierry was an emergency;
it had no part whatever in the
plans prepared by the general staff
of the American expeditionary forces
or in the original French scheme for
the entry of the American forces upon
!.v *- the Western front.
On May 24, on the eve of the German
drive at Chateau Thierry we
find the American divisions then in
France widely scattered, and more
than half of them outside of the geographical,
and even the supply, limits
of the intended American sector, so
t that
French and British regulating
stations and railheads had largely to
be used by the American service of
supply, a procedure which increased
the problems and perplexities of the
American general staff.
Americans Meet Crisis.
. On May 27, however, it was no
<\? longer a question as to which divisions
had completed training according
to any adopted schedule; it was a
dire emergency and a question as to
what troops of any class were ?..aili
I able for Chateau Thierry. The two
American units nearest to that point,
the Second and Third Divisions, were
rushed without delay and with the .
speediest means of transportation to
f the point of danger in order to stop ,
j the drive. >
The result of the German attack |
. ' the morning of May 27 was a rude j
and startling surprise to the allied
headquarters. In four days, or on
the evening of May 30, the leading
elements of the German troops were
at Chateau Thierry, and on the following
day the .Boche stated in his
communique: "We stand along the
Marne." No greater measure of self ,
.
satisfaction was ever reflected in his
pompous announcements than in this. 1
It was a big advance, nearly 40 miles <
in four days, and included a general ]
attack within that period. J
But on this same fourth day at ]
Chateau Thierry the German troops
t found a small American fighting unit,
the Seventh Machine Gun Battalion
of the Third United States Division,
which had come a distance of 110
miles in 30 hours by motor transport,
and the Boche failed to cross the
Marne.
For 72 hours the Seventh Machine
Gun Battalion successfully contested
the crossing, and by the second day
of June the Third United States Division
was in position along the river
from Chateau Thierry to the east for
a distance of about 12 miles.
Here are the positions of the
American divisions that played the
,, critical role in the operations at
Chateau Thierry early (in July, or
seven days before the final offensive ,
of the German forces in the present .
war: * I
The First and Second Divisions in '
reserve to the west of the Chateau *
Thierry salient; the Third and Twenty-sixth
Divisions in front line sectors
to the east and west respectively
of the town of Chateau Thierry itself;
the Forty-second Division in
v front line sector to the east of
Rheims; the Fourth and Twentyeighth
Divisions in support positions
south of Chateau Thierry; and the ,
Thirty-second Division arriving near
Coloumiers from its previous station
. in the Vosges.
f . Boche Plans Disclosed.
For several weeks the evidence had
been accumulating of a German at4-1,0*
Trnnl^ ovtonH tho atpp11
lacn. mat, nuum
Thierry salient south of the Marne
and widen it toward the east, in order
finally to effect the capture of
Rheims and overrun the terrain to
the southeast perhaps as far as Chalons.
Air reconnaissance, prisoners, and
captured documents, all corroborated
this general plan. The information
was reliable for its very frequency;
the only undeterminable item was the
date when the attack might be expected.
In the latter part of June a
French patrol crossed the Marne
near Dormans and succeeded in capturing
a German engineer officer who
admitted he was reconnoitering the
proposed crossings and had in his
possession the data concerning the
bridges which the Boche expected to
throw across the Marne in the double
bends of the river at Mont-St. Pere
and Jaulgonna. The evidence was
conclusive that the attack would take
place from a point just east of Chateau
Thierry along the Marne to Dor- ;
???? ? T?
mans, and probably even further to
the east, on the north side of the
river.
As a matter of later history it was
learned, in September, from prisoners
at St. Mihiel that the Germans had
also planned an attack from the west
front of the St. Mihiel salient, to be
carried out about August 8, which
should squeeze out Verdun in the
same manner that they expected, in
the July attack, to get the city of
Rheims, and thus draw the battleline
in a full sweeping curve from Chateau
Thierry to the nose of St. Mihiel
itself. Such a plan would have deprived
France of the whole of the
Chalons area, which had always been
of immense military value. This attack,
of course, never developed.
The German plan to rorce a crossing
of the Marne in the Jaulgonne
bends, to capture the heights on the
south side of the river, which commanded
the valley of the Surmelin,
and thus to debouch to the south and
at the same time widen the Chateau
Thierry salient to the east, was so
evidently correct from the point of
view of terrain, in both topographical
and geographical features, that no
military mind could disregard the
great probability of such an operation.
The sought for information
was the day and hour it might be
expected.
How well the untried artillery brigade
under Brig. Genv William M.
Cruikshank carried out this plan was
shown in a remarkable set of airplane
photographs of the whole line of the
river from Gland to Jaulgonne, taken
from low altitudes on the second day
after the fight,' in which the cultitude
of shell holes along the north
bank and the wreckage of boats and
bridges in the water clearly demonstrated
the efficiency of our gunners.
In these same photographs there
could be seen, even without the use
of a reading glass, the hundreds upon
hundreds of German dead that lay
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