The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, May 01, 1919, Image 1
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$2.00 Per Year in Advance. BAMBERG, S. 0., THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1919. Established in 1891,
REVISED COVENANT I
GIVEN TO NATIONS
31 STATES ARE NAMED AS ORIGINAL
MEMBERS.
13 Will be Invited.
/
Original Members Are All Nations
Which Declared War Upon Germany
and tlie Czechs and Poles.
Washington, April 27.?The revised
covenant of the league of nations
as it will be presented at Paris
tomorrow to the peace conference in
plenary session, was made public'tonight
by the state department. Its
essential features, including impor
tant amendments designed to meet
criticisms in the United States of the
original draft, already had been disclosed
through an official summary
issued two weeks ago when the revision
was completed. /
The "Annex" Given Out.
Attached to the text, however, is
the hitherto unpublished "annex" referred
to in the covenant, in which
* are named the 31 states, including
the self-governing British dominions
which are to be the original members
of the league of nations, and 13 nations
to be invited to accede to the
* covenant. The original members are
all the nations which declared war on
Germany, and in addition the new
states of Czecho-Slovakia and Poland
. , Those invited to become m?tnbers by
acceding to the covenant are the
three Scandinavian countries, the
Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and
~ " * 4 ~ c
Persia and tne American repuuucs t?i
Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Para/
guay, Salvador and Venezuela.
Mexico Ndt In It.
Mexico was not represented in the
' conference of neutrals at Paris, and
as was expected, does not appear in
^ the list. Provision is made in the
covenant, however, for the admission
to the league of any fully self-governing
country which will give required
guarantees, upon a two-thirds vote of
the assembly, composed of representatives
of the member nations.
As in the original document the
covenant provides that the league
shall act through an assembly, in
which each state shall have one vote
and not more than three delegates
and a council comprising for the
present one representative each of
the five great powers and each of four
other powers to be selected from time
to time by the assembly. Members of
each class represented on the council
may be increased by unanimous consent
of the council and a majority of
V the assembly.
^ The Monroe Doctrine.
Publication of the text discloses
that the official summary quoted verbatim
the new article recognizing the
Monroe doctrine. It provides that
nothing in the covenant shall be
deemed "to effect the validity of in,
. ternational engagements such as
treaties of arbitration or regional un
derstanclings like the Monroe 'doctrine
for securing the maintenance of
peace."Changes
suggested in criticisms in
i the United States senate add provisions
for the withdrawal of a member
nation upon two years notice after
fulfillment of the league obligations,
exempt domestic questions from the
league's jurisdiction, provide that
i mandatories over German colonies on
former Ottoman dominions shall be
given only to nations willing to accept
them, leave it to member states
to decide what armed force, if any, it
will contribute to the force required
by the league to enforce its mandates
and make it clear that member states
individually will pass upon proposed
limitations upon their armaments.
What New Draft Includes.
With modifications the new draft
includes all the provisions' for the
submission to the council of international
disputes, for inviting non
member nations to accept tbe obligations
of members for the purpose of
adjusting disputes, and for breaking
economic relations or the use ot
9 V
armed force in dealing with a state
which has broken the covenant and
thereby committed "an act of war
against the league."
Except in certain specified instances
unanimous agreement is required
for all decisions. In the provisions
for the settlement of disputes,
it is set forth that the votes
must be unanimous, excepting the
representative of the parties to the
dispute.
f Geneva, Switzerland, is named as
the seat of the league, where the sec*
'
TANKS TO TOUR STATE.
j Veterans. to Exhibit Their Great
Crawling Fortresses.
Columbia, April 19.?South Carolina
is peculiarly fortunate to get
three tanks to be taken en tour over
the State that the people may see
the workings of the "whippets" that
broke the morale of the German army.
There has been so much of romance
and of mystery about these
great crawling fortresses that the
'people have a great curiosity to see
them.
These tanks will cover the entire
Sta^e, beginning at Columbia, Charleston
and Greenville. The sergeants
in charge are Blamkenship, of Rich
j *?_ _A /~i :n~
uionu, V i?., HI VJitJtJIlViliC, >> CUB, UL
Michigan, at Charleston, and Young,
of New York State, and Landis, of
Cleveland, Ohio, in Columbia. Landis
is a smooth-faced young chap
who has a very pleasant smile, but
he was 20 months in foreign activities,
and saw a whole lot of ups and
downs in the tanks. His tank served
at different times with six combat
divisions and he was in the Argonne
woods for two weeks.
Regular Manual.
There is a regular manual of
movements for the tanks just as for
infantry bodies. Sixteen form a company
and 48 a battalion. There are
times when they go into battle in
squad formation, 50 meters apart,
and 50 meters ahead of the infantry.
The drivers of the tanks state
that it wis rare that a tank was
caught in the barrage of its own side,
but they had seen infantry rush too
far ahead of the objective and get
caught in the tank fore. That was
one of the saddest things of the war.
They had seen trenches filled with
German dead caught in the fire with
which tanks had raked the trenches
when caught and unable to go further.
Landis had seen a tank that had fallen
into a cunningly devised trap.
The Germans had dug out a great
cavern and covered it over witn
limbs and twigs and leaves. The
tank was filled with water aud the
tank went to a watery grave.
These young men who have seen
so many wonderful things on battlefields
in France will accompany the
tanks and demonstrate them Each
cf these tanks is mounted w:?h a
French l-pounder gun.
. ^ i?i ?
Colston News.
Colston, April 28.?Mr. and Mrs.
Jesse Bishop and daughter, Ida,
dined with Mr. and Mrs. Ephron
Bishop, Sunday.
Mrs. Alma Jackson is visiting her
parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Fender.
Mr. and Mrs. Halcod Ayer and children
spent Sunday with Mr. and Mrs.
Isham Goodwin.
; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wright were
the Sunday guests of Mr. and Mrs.
George McMillan.
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Kearse, Mr.
Wesley Kearse and Miss Evie Kirkland
dined with Mr. and Mrs. W. P.
McMillan, Sunday.
Misses Hilda Kearse, Catheline
Oswald and Flossie Davis spent Saturday
night with Miss Cora McMillan.
Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Clayton and
family spent Sunday with Mr. and
I ;ui d. j. r. viaj ivu.
Mr. Dawson Kearse spent Saturday
night with Mr. Vernon McMillan.
Mr. and Mrs. George Bessinger,
Mr. and Mrs. Page and Mr. Harry
Fender were the Sunday guests of
I Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Padgett*
- - - The
Wofford Glee Club will give a
concert at the Carlisle auditorium on
Friday evening, May 2, at 8:30, for
j the benefit of the Red Cross chapter.
Admission, 25c and 50c.?adv.
retary general will maintain headquarters
and where the council and
assembly will meet at stated intervals
unless some other place of meeting is
designated.
"The covenant of the league of na
tions:
"In order to promote international
co-operation and to achieve international
peace and security, by the acceptance
of obligations not to resort
to war, by the prescription of open,
just and honorable relations between
nations by the ffrm establishment of
the understandings of international
law as to actual rule of conduct
among governments, and by the
maintenance of justice and a scrupulous
respect for all treaty obligations
in the dealings of organized
peoples with one another, the high
contracting parties agree to this covenant
of the league of nations."
Read The Herald, $2.00 per year.
I
Cotton and Cotton
Relation
(From Manufacturers Record.) [
It is a pity that men professing
ordinary intelligence should undertake
to discuss matters pertaining to
the South, or for that matter to any
section, of which they are as ignorant
as Germany is of honor and mo-.
rality. The disposition of some peo-;
pie to talk learnedly about things of
which their ignorance is so dense
x ui i 1
Itnat it is almost impeiieirauie is illustrated
in a weekly circular of W. j
J. Wollman & Co., members of the I
New York Stock Exchange, who un-1
| dertake to tell the South what itj
j should do in regard to cotton from |
jthe question of how to grow cotton to j
jhow to handle it. One statement. [
J which is typical of most of this amaa. j
ling financial review, is the follow-j
jing:
"The amount that the South
I wastes annually in the handling ot
the cotton crop is greater than the
total of dividends paid out on all the;
railroads of the United States, and
these in 1916 amounted to $342,-j
000,000. Density of compression at
jthe gins would save hundreds of mil-J
j lions every year that now go for re-j
I handling, extra haulage, needless!
I space taken up on railroads and;
I steamships, loss in transit, claims foi !
j damages and other items. Yet the;
!South has set its face stubbornly!
{against these modern improvements!
jand clung to ancient methods."
It will be news to the cotton ginners
of the South and to the income j
tax forces of the country that'the;
I
cost of cotton .ginning runs far into j
the hundreds of millions every year.!
Indeed, this remarkable statement!
says that "hundreds of millions" I
could be saved annually by greater |
density of compression. It is scarce-!
ly conceivable that an office boy, able!
to write his name, could have been j
guilty of putting forth such asinine1
statements.
Density of compression at the gins!
is important. Better baling and better
handling are of great importance, j
but the utmost amount that anyone!
has yet claimed which could be saved!
by this improved system is from $50,000,000
to $60,000,000 a year. That
is a very big item, but it is far and
away behind the $342,000,000 which
this bankers' circular mentions.
Since, according to Wollman & Co.,
density of compression would annu-j
ally "save hundreds of millions," we1
are wondering just how many hundreds
of millions these bankers have!
been figuring on as possible to be j
saved?certainly far more than the
$342,000,000 which they have men-|
tioned as below the saving thatj
could be effected each year.
Possibly these bankers, whose den-1
sity of ignorance about cotton is far!
greater than the density of the most
densely compressed cotton bales, are
not aware of the fact that leaders, in
the South have for years sought to;
bring about better compression of!
jcotton, but that the railroads of this;
i
inr> nu-iipH and dominated almost'
V ? **VV4 V4 ?
j entirely in New York and either own-j
ing or dominating many of the com-j
presses in the South, have in many;
cases aggressively sought to prevent j
I the betterment of cotton baling.:
They have refused in times past to j
give a better rate for properly com- j
pressed cotton than for badly baled ;
cotton, though they could carry far i
more of the better compressed bales!
to a car than they could of the pres- j
ent badly baled cotton. Many years:
ago, when the round bale was being!
introduced, the entire cotton-handling
system of the South could have j
been changed if the railroads had not |
aggressively fought against giving
any advantage whatever to the improved
bale as compared with the old
bale. Steamship companies doing the
world's trade were willing to give
better freight rates, but the railroads
in the South, oVned and controlled in
New York, were not as ready to help
better baling of cotton in the South
as were the steamship companies
which were owned in England. Moreover,
this banking house is probably
ignorant of the fact that a large pro-'
portion of the big cotton compresses |
in the South were owned o/ con- i
i
trolled, directly or indirectly, by New j
York cotton firms who had such a;
power in the cotton trade that they j
joined in the campaign against bet-'
ter baling^ and through their finan-j
cial strength were able to break near-;
ly every effort made for improving
the cotton-handling system of the
South.
In spite of these facts, this firm
criticises the South as having stubbornly
set its face against modern improvements
in cotton handling. It
\
Prices in
to World Affairs
should have known that every effort
to really modernize cotton handling
has almost died a-borning because of
the power of the vested interests in
railroads and cotton compresses
dominated in the city of New York.
The same circular says:
"All true friends of the South, and
we claim a place among them, will
Question the wisdom of the movement
to bring about a reduction in
acreage for the purpose of causing or
maintaining nign prices tor couon.
We take it for granted that the
milions of people in the South who
were born in this section, of parents
who were born here, and who have
been the backbone of Southern life
during all the past, would ordinarily
be counted as "true friends of the
South." But, according to this oracle,
none of these people are "true
friends of the South" if they seek to
bring about a reduction in cotton
acreage for the purpose of maintaining
higher prices for cotton. Referring
to this work, the circularletter
says:
! n "It is short-sighted policy, and if
continued will threaten the supremacy
of this country as the great
source of cotton supply. We are entering
upon a new era in world development,
and the South is going
to have competition which it never
before had to face if prices are kept
at a level that offers inducements for
the opening up of new fields."
This arugment is just about one
hundred years old, and with age has
grown steadily weaker. It is hoary
and gray-headed. It did service in
the British Parliament a hundred
years ago and has befen doing service
ovo" ei'npo Rut thprp arp a few nnints
which should be considered.
There is no divine command resting
upon the South to raise cotton,
either for the purpose of maintaining
the supremacy of this country in cotton
trade or for clothing the world.
There is no divine command which
says that the Western farmer who
can make more money in raising corn
shall be compelled to raise wheat for
the purpose of feeding the world.
No moral responsibility whatsoever
rests upon the farmer to raise any
crop except that which pays him best.
If the South can raise corn and other
crops to greater profit than it can
raise cotton, he would he a fool indeed
who would insist that the South
owed it to the world to raise cotton.
1 here iray be some people ia the
world whose minds are thus flabby,
but no intelligent man could for a
moment take that ground.
There is no obligation upon the
South to raise cotton merely to maintain
the supremacy of this country in
the cotton trade of the world. If
other countries can raise cotton, by
means of the cheap labor in China
and India or Egypt, at a lower cost
than the South can raise it, there is
no earthly reason which compels the
South to sacrifice its people in order
to produce cotton at the starvation
wages which are paid to the cotton
growers of India and Egypt and
' c- 1 *1.~
V ILJI1U. iW nmj; aa inu CJUUIU iau
raise cotton profitably to itself, after
having paid a good living rate of
wages to every coton laborer, and after
having banished from the cotton
fu-ld every woman who should be at
home and every child who should be
at school, whether they be white or
black, then it can profitably and wisely
keep on growing cotton. But if
the people of the South can find more
profitable employment in doing something
else than in raising cotton,
then it is their bounded duty to do
the work which pays the largest
profit and gives them the best living
conditions.
If the world cannot get its cotton
except from the South, then it is absolutely
necessary for the world to
pay a price which will bring prosperity
to the cotton grower and lift the
rate of wages in the South in the cotton
fields and from that on to the
factory and into every avenue of
.- i - !- 4_ ? 4- V. ?
wont 10 a parity ut wages m umci
sections.
The statements quoted from this
banking circular are indicative of the
density of ignorance which prevails
in other sections about cotton growing
in the South. For one hundred
years the South has been misrepresented
by the cotton speculators and
the cotton handlers of the world. It
has been misrepresented by officials
of the United States government and
in former years by officials of the
British government, and probably by
the officials of every other European
government. The whole theory of
the cotton buyers of the world has
been to hold the cotton growers in
economic slavery, caring far less as
to the poverty and the illiteracy entailed
upon the South by low-priced
; cotton than they cared for the slavlery
of the black man prior to IStiO.
j At that time the Abolitionists of
the Xoith and of Euroi>e were bitterily
assailing slavery in the South. The
moral forces of the world were
against slavery, and very wisely, for
the benefit of tfie world and for the
; South especially, slavery was destroyed
so far as physical slavery to
the black man was concerned; but
I the very same forces which then
! broke the chains of physical slavery
jhave to a large extent ever since l>een
forging with all their power the
chains of a more damning: slavery of
i the negro and of the white man in the
effort to keep cotton at a price which
would hold in des]>erate poverty in
every sense the cotton laborers and
the cotton growers of the South.
Holding a monopoly of this great
staple, the South should have become
enormously wealthy, and its
cotton growers and workers should
have been the richest agricultural
people in the world, but low-priced
cotton has kept them under the pall
of poverty. ,
The importance of cotton to the
world is very clearly stated in an article
by Mr. William Whittam, forimerly
special agent in Great Britain
of the United States Department of
Commerce and long intimately acquainted
with the cotton trade, published
in the New York Tribune. . In
the course of his article dealing with
the question of cotton and its relation
to world affairs, and especially
as to whether Germany shall be allowed
to have cotton or not, Mr.
"Whittam said:
"The world has now to face the
task of getting back to normal
again, and in that enterprise cotton
wily be one of the raw materials of
major importance. Few realize the
i significance of cotton in the sphere
| of human activities. It concerns every
human being. It meets man at
'the cradle and goes with him to the
grave. The fibre afso forms the scanity
clothing of hundreds of millions
!of the poorest people ^of the world.
.Cotton is vital to industry. There
|is no suDsntute ior n. Ana Amen- i
cans should remember that the Unit-|
ed States produces the larger part of
the world's supply.
"With the single exception of foodstuffs,
no other product of the soil is
jso necessary'to civilized human existence.
Its use in the every-day life
I of mankind may be measured by the
jfact that a year or two before the
war, taking into account the comimodities
handled in international
! trade, exports and imports from all
.countries, cotton ranked first with a
lvalue of $1,127,000,000, wheat comiing
second, with a value of $774,000,-'
000."
These statements of Mr. Whittam
as to the value of cotton to the world
are trite sayings, fully understood
bt the business men of the world.
They know that cotton is a product
which cannot be supplanted by any
other fibre. They know that our
commerce depends upon cotton; that
Great Britain's vast manufacturing
interests are largely dependent upon
cotton for their existence. They
know that the wealth of New England
was largely created by the manufacture
of Southern-raised cotton.
Wealth untold for the benefit of
the world has been created by the
South's cotton, but the South has not
secured that wealth.. The South has
simply been the "hewer of wood and
the drawer of water" in the world's
cotton trade.
The world will require an everincreasing
supply of cotton. Much
nf +Vio Tvnrlrl i<3 fllmnst. hare of cotton
goods, as it is of foodstuffs. Long
before the war there had been a
rapid annual increase in the world's
demand for cotton. This will go on
at an accelerating rate just as soon
as the world gets back to normal
business conditions. At that time
the South should be able to produce
at a profit to itself the amount of
cotton sufficient to meet the world's
increasing needs. But it cannot do
this, it should not do it, and it will
not do it, nor ever try to do it, except
on a basis of profit which will
.bring to the agricultural interests of
the South a prosperity equally as
great as the prosperity of the graingrowing
sections of the West. The
South should not attempt to produce
this increased supply of cotton except
on a basis of price which will
completely change its economic life,
which will give to its farm laborers
and to its tenant farmers a living
wage or income without the necessity
of eking out a scanty existence
based on the work of women and
children in the cotton fields.
This is the great economic and
moral issue before the South. It is
economic, because it means the ques(Continued
on page 5, column 3.)
DIARY OF UEUT.
EDWIN C. BRUCE.
RECORD OF COMPAN Y "L" 323RD
INFANTRY.
?
From July 1 to Dec. 31
Bamberg Ik>y Records History of His
Company During Service
in France.
The following diary of Company L,
323d infantry, was written by First
Lieutenant Edwin C. Bruce, of this
city, Lieut. Bruce being an officer in
this company, which saw some of the
hardest fighting experienced by Uncle
Sam's soldieVs:
T,, 1,- O 1 1A10 T*1, ^ ^1 ^
^.X, Ii710. X lie ClClUCUia
angry and the skies pourH*ut what
care we, for what we do must be
done by all good soldiers, so we
marched two miles, heavily equipped,
to the train, entraining for Camp
Mills. Our coaches are not roomy
and the possibilities for sleep aren't
great, but we are so interested in
everything that these little inconveniences
are forgotten.
July 23, Camp Mills, N. Y.?After ^
a most interesting trip, making stops
at Monroe, N. C., (where we stopped
for physical drill under the admiring
eyes of the natives), Richmond, Va.,
Washington, D. C., Baltimore and
Philadelphia, we arrived at Jersey
City this morning at 4. Boarding the
ferry we skimmed the East river, '
landed at Long Island and entrained
for this camp, arriving at 3:00 p. m.
All along the line we were given a
most cheering welcome. The women
and girls shaking us by the hands
and wishing us God speed made us
feel like real crusaders. The Red
Cross and Y. M. C. A. were there
when we most needed them and their
postcards, coffee and sandwiches
were indeed welcome.
July 26, Camp Mills.?Gee, this
dust and wind is certainly enough to
~ t ui _ j. _
a svxuier uuss. nupussiuie ct>
keep clean, although we take bath3
daily. Washing clothes is wasted effort,
as they become dirty again be- '
fore the sun has time to dry them.
We are busy getting the final touches
to our outfits, and with overseas caps
and wrapped leggings, we certainly
feel like old-timers. Liberty to New
York is being given and all the sights
worth while are being taken in. Oh,
you Rockaway Beach and Hempstead.
July 28, Camp Mills.?Airships fly
above us, singly and in fleets. They
look like huge birds as they slide >
gracefully through the air. It has j
been very hot > seems we are next
door to hell and the screen door is
open. We received a batch of new
men today, filling the company up
to organization strength. Rumors as
to when we sail are varied. We are
now fully equipped and all ready for
"Jerry."
July 30, Camp Mills.?After several
inspections we were ordered to
be ready and leave by 12, midnight.
July 31.?We were awakened at
midnight and after partaking of some
coffee and sandwiches we hiked two
miles to the train. Within a few
hours we unloaded and boarded our
old friend, the "Ferry." We slipped
through the water, arriving at one
of the huge piers at Hoboken at 6:00
a. m. Here everything seemed confusion,
but in a short time we found
ourselves aboard the "Melita." Postcards
that the Red Cross ladies handed
us were hastily scribbled and before
noon we were sailing the briny
deep. Were we surprised? Well, I
guess yes.
Aug. 1. Melita at Sea.?The sea
was a little rough last night, as
Father Neptune delights in making '
his power felt by all new sailors. Today
the water is beautifully calm and
all is well. Our only concern is room
as we are very crowded.
Aug. 6. Melita at Sea.?Weather
continues fair and the sea calm. A
whale on the starboard of the ship
made some of our boys so excited
that they wanted to jump overboard.
Oh, you sub. Gun inspection and setting
up drill is routine. Fourteen
ships accompany us and we are well
guarded to avoid the hellish sub.
Aug. 11, Liverpool, England.?
Trees to the left and trees to the
right. Good Lord, thev certainlv look
good to a land lubber who loves terra
firma. We docked at 2:00 p. m.,
and after a 6-mile hike through the
streets, which were lined with women
and children, cheering and wel(Continued
from page 1, column 6.)(