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|j: ^nutbrrg Ijrntli ft B!ttfcotv1 $2.00 Per Year in Advance. BAMBERG, S. 0., THURSDAY, MAY 1, 1919. Established in 1891, REVISED COVENANT I GIVEN TO NATIONS 31 STATES ARE NAMED AS ORIGINAL MEMBERS. 13 Will be Invited. / Original Members Are All Nations Which Declared War Upon Germany and tlie Czechs and Poles. Washington, April 27.?The revised covenant of the league of nations as it will be presented at Paris tomorrow to the peace conference in plenary session, was made public'tonight by the state department. Its essential features, including impor tant amendments designed to meet criticisms in the United States of the original draft, already had been disclosed through an official summary issued two weeks ago when the revision was completed. / The "Annex" Given Out. Attached to the text, however, is the hitherto unpublished "annex" referred to in the covenant, in which * are named the 31 states, including the self-governing British dominions which are to be the original members of the league of nations, and 13 nations to be invited to accede to the * covenant. The original members are all the nations which declared war on Germany, and in addition the new states of Czecho-Slovakia and Poland . , Those invited to become m?tnbers by acceding to the covenant are the three Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain and ~ " * 4 ~ c Persia and tne American repuuucs t?i Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Para/ guay, Salvador and Venezuela. Mexico Ndt In It. Mexico was not represented in the ' conference of neutrals at Paris, and as was expected, does not appear in ^ the list. Provision is made in the covenant, however, for the admission to the league of any fully self-governing country which will give required guarantees, upon a two-thirds vote of the assembly, composed of representatives of the member nations. As in the original document the covenant provides that the league shall act through an assembly, in which each state shall have one vote and not more than three delegates and a council comprising for the present one representative each of the five great powers and each of four other powers to be selected from time to time by the assembly. Members of each class represented on the council may be increased by unanimous consent of the council and a majority of V the assembly. ^ The Monroe Doctrine. Publication of the text discloses that the official summary quoted verbatim the new article recognizing the Monroe doctrine. It provides that nothing in the covenant shall be deemed "to effect the validity of in, . ternational engagements such as treaties of arbitration or regional un derstanclings like the Monroe 'doctrine for securing the maintenance of peace."Changes suggested in criticisms in i the United States senate add provisions for the withdrawal of a member nation upon two years notice after fulfillment of the league obligations, exempt domestic questions from the league's jurisdiction, provide that i mandatories over German colonies on former Ottoman dominions shall be given only to nations willing to accept them, leave it to member states to decide what armed force, if any, it will contribute to the force required by the league to enforce its mandates and make it clear that member states individually will pass upon proposed limitations upon their armaments. What New Draft Includes. With modifications the new draft includes all the provisions' for the submission to the council of international disputes, for inviting non member nations to accept tbe obligations of members for the purpose of adjusting disputes, and for breaking economic relations or the use ot 9 V armed force in dealing with a state which has broken the covenant and thereby committed "an act of war against the league." Except in certain specified instances unanimous agreement is required for all decisions. In the provisions for the settlement of disputes, it is set forth that the votes must be unanimous, excepting the representative of the parties to the dispute. f Geneva, Switzerland, is named as the seat of the league, where the sec* ' TANKS TO TOUR STATE. j Veterans. to Exhibit Their Great Crawling Fortresses. Columbia, April 19.?South Carolina is peculiarly fortunate to get three tanks to be taken en tour over the State that the people may see the workings of the "whippets" that broke the morale of the German army. There has been so much of romance and of mystery about these great crawling fortresses that the 'people have a great curiosity to see them. These tanks will cover the entire Sta^e, beginning at Columbia, Charleston and Greenville. The sergeants in charge are Blamkenship, of Rich j *?_ _A /~i :n~ uionu, V i?., HI VJitJtJIlViliC, >> CUB, UL Michigan, at Charleston, and Young, of New York State, and Landis, of Cleveland, Ohio, in Columbia. Landis is a smooth-faced young chap who has a very pleasant smile, but he was 20 months in foreign activities, and saw a whole lot of ups and downs in the tanks. His tank served at different times with six combat divisions and he was in the Argonne woods for two weeks. Regular Manual. There is a regular manual of movements for the tanks just as for infantry bodies. Sixteen form a company and 48 a battalion. There are times when they go into battle in squad formation, 50 meters apart, and 50 meters ahead of the infantry. The drivers of the tanks state that it wis rare that a tank was caught in the barrage of its own side, but they had seen infantry rush too far ahead of the objective and get caught in the tank fore. That was one of the saddest things of the war. They had seen trenches filled with German dead caught in the fire with which tanks had raked the trenches when caught and unable to go further. Landis had seen a tank that had fallen into a cunningly devised trap. The Germans had dug out a great cavern and covered it over witn limbs and twigs and leaves. The tank was filled with water aud the tank went to a watery grave. These young men who have seen so many wonderful things on battlefields in France will accompany the tanks and demonstrate them Each cf these tanks is mounted w:?h a French l-pounder gun. . ^ i?i ? Colston News. Colston, April 28.?Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Bishop and daughter, Ida, dined with Mr. and Mrs. Ephron Bishop, Sunday. Mrs. Alma Jackson is visiting her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Fender. Mr. and Mrs. Halcod Ayer and children spent Sunday with Mr. and Mrs. Isham Goodwin. ; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wright were the Sunday guests of Mr. and Mrs. George McMillan. Mr. and Mrs. Bill Kearse, Mr. Wesley Kearse and Miss Evie Kirkland dined with Mr. and Mrs. W. P. McMillan, Sunday. Misses Hilda Kearse, Catheline Oswald and Flossie Davis spent Saturday night with Miss Cora McMillan. Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Clayton and family spent Sunday with Mr. and I ;ui d. j. r. viaj ivu. Mr. Dawson Kearse spent Saturday night with Mr. Vernon McMillan. Mr. and Mrs. George Bessinger, Mr. and Mrs. Page and Mr. Harry Fender were the Sunday guests of I Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Padgett* - - - The Wofford Glee Club will give a concert at the Carlisle auditorium on Friday evening, May 2, at 8:30, for j the benefit of the Red Cross chapter. Admission, 25c and 50c.?adv. retary general will maintain headquarters and where the council and assembly will meet at stated intervals unless some other place of meeting is designated. "The covenant of the league of na tions: "In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security, by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, by the prescription of open, just and honorable relations between nations by the ffrm establishment of the understandings of international law as to actual rule of conduct among governments, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organized peoples with one another, the high contracting parties agree to this covenant of the league of nations." Read The Herald, $2.00 per year. I Cotton and Cotton Relation (From Manufacturers Record.) [ It is a pity that men professing ordinary intelligence should undertake to discuss matters pertaining to the South, or for that matter to any section, of which they are as ignorant as Germany is of honor and mo-. rality. The disposition of some peo-; pie to talk learnedly about things of which their ignorance is so dense x ui i 1 Itnat it is almost impeiieirauie is illustrated in a weekly circular of W. j J. Wollman & Co., members of the I New York Stock Exchange, who un-1 | dertake to tell the South what itj j should do in regard to cotton from | jthe question of how to grow cotton to j jhow to handle it. One statement. [ J which is typical of most of this amaa. j ling financial review, is the follow-j jing: "The amount that the South I wastes annually in the handling ot the cotton crop is greater than the total of dividends paid out on all the; railroads of the United States, and these in 1916 amounted to $342,-j 000,000. Density of compression at jthe gins would save hundreds of mil-J j lions every year that now go for re-j I handling, extra haulage, needless! I space taken up on railroads and; I steamships, loss in transit, claims foi ! j damages and other items. Yet the; !South has set its face stubbornly! {against these modern improvements! jand clung to ancient methods." It will be news to the cotton ginners of the South and to the income j tax forces of the country that'the; I cost of cotton .ginning runs far into j the hundreds of millions every year.! Indeed, this remarkable statement! says that "hundreds of millions" I could be saved annually by greater | density of compression. It is scarce-! ly conceivable that an office boy, able! to write his name, could have been j guilty of putting forth such asinine1 statements. Density of compression at the gins! is important. Better baling and better handling are of great importance, j but the utmost amount that anyone! has yet claimed which could be saved! by this improved system is from $50,000,000 to $60,000,000 a year. That is a very big item, but it is far and away behind the $342,000,000 which this bankers' circular mentions. Since, according to Wollman & Co., density of compression would annu-j ally "save hundreds of millions," we1 are wondering just how many hundreds of millions these bankers have! been figuring on as possible to be j saved?certainly far more than the $342,000,000 which they have men-| tioned as below the saving thatj could be effected each year. Possibly these bankers, whose den-1 sity of ignorance about cotton is far! greater than the density of the most densely compressed cotton bales, are not aware of the fact that leaders, in the South have for years sought to; bring about better compression of! jcotton, but that the railroads of this; i inr> nu-iipH and dominated almost' V ? **VV4 V4 ? j entirely in New York and either own-j ing or dominating many of the com-j presses in the South, have in many; cases aggressively sought to prevent j I the betterment of cotton baling.: They have refused in times past to j give a better rate for properly com- j pressed cotton than for badly baled ; cotton, though they could carry far i more of the better compressed bales! to a car than they could of the pres- j ent badly baled cotton. Many years: ago, when the round bale was being! introduced, the entire cotton-handling system of the South could have j been changed if the railroads had not | aggressively fought against giving any advantage whatever to the improved bale as compared with the old bale. Steamship companies doing the world's trade were willing to give better freight rates, but the railroads in the South, oVned and controlled in New York, were not as ready to help better baling of cotton in the South as were the steamship companies which were owned in England. Moreover, this banking house is probably ignorant of the fact that a large pro-' portion of the big cotton compresses | in the South were owned o/ con- i i trolled, directly or indirectly, by New j York cotton firms who had such a; power in the cotton trade that they j joined in the campaign against bet-' ter baling^ and through their finan-j cial strength were able to break near-; ly every effort made for improving the cotton-handling system of the South. In spite of these facts, this firm criticises the South as having stubbornly set its face against modern improvements in cotton handling. It \ Prices in to World Affairs should have known that every effort to really modernize cotton handling has almost died a-borning because of the power of the vested interests in railroads and cotton compresses dominated in the city of New York. The same circular says: "All true friends of the South, and we claim a place among them, will Question the wisdom of the movement to bring about a reduction in acreage for the purpose of causing or maintaining nign prices tor couon. We take it for granted that the milions of people in the South who were born in this section, of parents who were born here, and who have been the backbone of Southern life during all the past, would ordinarily be counted as "true friends of the South." But, according to this oracle, none of these people are "true friends of the South" if they seek to bring about a reduction in cotton acreage for the purpose of maintaining higher prices for cotton. Referring to this work, the circularletter says: ! n "It is short-sighted policy, and if continued will threaten the supremacy of this country as the great source of cotton supply. We are entering upon a new era in world development, and the South is going to have competition which it never before had to face if prices are kept at a level that offers inducements for the opening up of new fields." This arugment is just about one hundred years old, and with age has grown steadily weaker. It is hoary and gray-headed. It did service in the British Parliament a hundred years ago and has befen doing service ovo" ei'npo Rut thprp arp a few nnints which should be considered. There is no divine command resting upon the South to raise cotton, either for the purpose of maintaining the supremacy of this country in cotton trade or for clothing the world. There is no divine command which says that the Western farmer who can make more money in raising corn shall be compelled to raise wheat for the purpose of feeding the world. No moral responsibility whatsoever rests upon the farmer to raise any crop except that which pays him best. If the South can raise corn and other crops to greater profit than it can raise cotton, he would he a fool indeed who would insist that the South owed it to the world to raise cotton. 1 here iray be some people ia the world whose minds are thus flabby, but no intelligent man could for a moment take that ground. There is no obligation upon the South to raise cotton merely to maintain the supremacy of this country in the cotton trade of the world. If other countries can raise cotton, by means of the cheap labor in China and India or Egypt, at a lower cost than the South can raise it, there is no earthly reason which compels the South to sacrifice its people in order to produce cotton at the starvation wages which are paid to the cotton growers of India and Egypt and ' c- 1 *1.~ V ILJI1U. iW nmj; aa inu CJUUIU iau raise cotton profitably to itself, after having paid a good living rate of wages to every coton laborer, and after having banished from the cotton fu-ld every woman who should be at home and every child who should be at school, whether they be white or black, then it can profitably and wisely keep on growing cotton. But if the people of the South can find more profitable employment in doing something else than in raising cotton, then it is their bounded duty to do the work which pays the largest profit and gives them the best living conditions. If the world cannot get its cotton except from the South, then it is absolutely necessary for the world to pay a price which will bring prosperity to the cotton grower and lift the rate of wages in the South in the cotton fields and from that on to the factory and into every avenue of .- i - !- 4_ ? 4- V. ? wont 10 a parity ut wages m umci sections. The statements quoted from this banking circular are indicative of the density of ignorance which prevails in other sections about cotton growing in the South. For one hundred years the South has been misrepresented by the cotton speculators and the cotton handlers of the world. It has been misrepresented by officials of the United States government and in former years by officials of the British government, and probably by the officials of every other European government. The whole theory of the cotton buyers of the world has been to hold the cotton growers in economic slavery, caring far less as to the poverty and the illiteracy entailed upon the South by low-priced ; cotton than they cared for the slavlery of the black man prior to IStiO. j At that time the Abolitionists of the Xoith and of Euroi>e were bitterily assailing slavery in the South. The moral forces of the world were against slavery, and very wisely, for the benefit of tfie world and for the ; South especially, slavery was destroyed so far as physical slavery to the black man was concerned; but I the very same forces which then ! broke the chains of physical slavery jhave to a large extent ever since l>een forging with all their power the chains of a more damning: slavery of i the negro and of the white man in the effort to keep cotton at a price which would hold in des]>erate poverty in every sense the cotton laborers and the cotton growers of the South. Holding a monopoly of this great staple, the South should have become enormously wealthy, and its cotton growers and workers should have been the richest agricultural people in the world, but low-priced cotton has kept them under the pall of poverty. , The importance of cotton to the world is very clearly stated in an article by Mr. William Whittam, forimerly special agent in Great Britain of the United States Department of Commerce and long intimately acquainted with the cotton trade, published in the New York Tribune. . In the course of his article dealing with the question of cotton and its relation to world affairs, and especially as to whether Germany shall be allowed to have cotton or not, Mr. "Whittam said: "The world has now to face the task of getting back to normal again, and in that enterprise cotton wily be one of the raw materials of major importance. Few realize the i significance of cotton in the sphere | of human activities. It concerns every human being. It meets man at 'the cradle and goes with him to the grave. The fibre afso forms the scanity clothing of hundreds of millions !of the poorest people ^of the world. .Cotton is vital to industry. There |is no suDsntute ior n. Ana Amen- i cans should remember that the Unit-| ed States produces the larger part of the world's supply. "With the single exception of foodstuffs, no other product of the soil is jso necessary'to civilized human existence. Its use in the every-day life I of mankind may be measured by the jfact that a year or two before the war, taking into account the comimodities handled in international ! trade, exports and imports from all .countries, cotton ranked first with a lvalue of $1,127,000,000, wheat comiing second, with a value of $774,000,-' 000." These statements of Mr. Whittam as to the value of cotton to the world are trite sayings, fully understood bt the business men of the world. They know that cotton is a product which cannot be supplanted by any other fibre. They know that our commerce depends upon cotton; that Great Britain's vast manufacturing interests are largely dependent upon cotton for their existence. They know that the wealth of New England was largely created by the manufacture of Southern-raised cotton. Wealth untold for the benefit of the world has been created by the South's cotton, but the South has not secured that wealth.. The South has simply been the "hewer of wood and the drawer of water" in the world's cotton trade. The world will require an everincreasing supply of cotton. Much nf +Vio Tvnrlrl i<3 fllmnst. hare of cotton goods, as it is of foodstuffs. Long before the war there had been a rapid annual increase in the world's demand for cotton. This will go on at an accelerating rate just as soon as the world gets back to normal business conditions. At that time the South should be able to produce at a profit to itself the amount of cotton sufficient to meet the world's increasing needs. But it cannot do this, it should not do it, and it will not do it, nor ever try to do it, except on a basis of profit which will .bring to the agricultural interests of the South a prosperity equally as great as the prosperity of the graingrowing sections of the West. The South should not attempt to produce this increased supply of cotton except on a basis of price which will completely change its economic life, which will give to its farm laborers and to its tenant farmers a living wage or income without the necessity of eking out a scanty existence based on the work of women and children in the cotton fields. This is the great economic and moral issue before the South. It is economic, because it means the ques(Continued on page 5, column 3.) DIARY OF UEUT. EDWIN C. BRUCE. RECORD OF COMPAN Y "L" 323RD INFANTRY. ? From July 1 to Dec. 31 Bamberg Ik>y Records History of His Company During Service in France. The following diary of Company L, 323d infantry, was written by First Lieutenant Edwin C. Bruce, of this city, Lieut. Bruce being an officer in this company, which saw some of the hardest fighting experienced by Uncle Sam's soldieVs: T,, 1,- O 1 1A10 T*1, ^ ^1 ^ ^.X, Ii710. X lie ClClUCUia angry and the skies pourH*ut what care we, for what we do must be done by all good soldiers, so we marched two miles, heavily equipped, to the train, entraining for Camp Mills. Our coaches are not roomy and the possibilities for sleep aren't great, but we are so interested in everything that these little inconveniences are forgotten. July 23, Camp Mills, N. Y.?After ^ a most interesting trip, making stops at Monroe, N. C., (where we stopped for physical drill under the admiring eyes of the natives), Richmond, Va., Washington, D. C., Baltimore and Philadelphia, we arrived at Jersey City this morning at 4. Boarding the ferry we skimmed the East river, ' landed at Long Island and entrained for this camp, arriving at 3:00 p. m. All along the line we were given a most cheering welcome. The women and girls shaking us by the hands and wishing us God speed made us feel like real crusaders. The Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. were there when we most needed them and their postcards, coffee and sandwiches were indeed welcome. July 26, Camp Mills.?Gee, this dust and wind is certainly enough to ~ t ui _ j. _ a svxuier uuss. nupussiuie ct> keep clean, although we take bath3 daily. Washing clothes is wasted effort, as they become dirty again be- ' fore the sun has time to dry them. We are busy getting the final touches to our outfits, and with overseas caps and wrapped leggings, we certainly feel like old-timers. Liberty to New York is being given and all the sights worth while are being taken in. Oh, you Rockaway Beach and Hempstead. July 28, Camp Mills.?Airships fly above us, singly and in fleets. They look like huge birds as they slide > gracefully through the air. It has j been very hot > seems we are next door to hell and the screen door is open. We received a batch of new men today, filling the company up to organization strength. Rumors as to when we sail are varied. We are now fully equipped and all ready for "Jerry." July 30, Camp Mills.?After several inspections we were ordered to be ready and leave by 12, midnight. July 31.?We were awakened at midnight and after partaking of some coffee and sandwiches we hiked two miles to the train. Within a few hours we unloaded and boarded our old friend, the "Ferry." We slipped through the water, arriving at one of the huge piers at Hoboken at 6:00 a. m. Here everything seemed confusion, but in a short time we found ourselves aboard the "Melita." Postcards that the Red Cross ladies handed us were hastily scribbled and before noon we were sailing the briny deep. Were we surprised? Well, I guess yes. Aug. 1. Melita at Sea.?The sea was a little rough last night, as Father Neptune delights in making ' his power felt by all new sailors. Today the water is beautifully calm and all is well. Our only concern is room as we are very crowded. Aug. 6. Melita at Sea.?Weather continues fair and the sea calm. A whale on the starboard of the ship made some of our boys so excited that they wanted to jump overboard. Oh, you sub. Gun inspection and setting up drill is routine. Fourteen ships accompany us and we are well guarded to avoid the hellish sub. Aug. 11, Liverpool, England.? Trees to the left and trees to the right. Good Lord, thev certainlv look good to a land lubber who loves terra firma. We docked at 2:00 p. m., and after a 6-mile hike through the streets, which were lined with women and children, cheering and wel(Continued from page 1, column 6.)(