The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, April 10, 1919, Page 5, Image 5
PERSONAL MENTION.
* People Visiting in This City and at
Other Points.
?Mr. and Mrs. Frank Johnson, of
Charleston, was in the city last week.
?Mr. Paul Whitaker, of Orangeburg,
spent Sunday in the city.
?Miss Virginia Ayer, of Blackville,
is visiting friends and relatives
^ in the city this week.
?Mr. J. Gary Black, of Charleston,
spent a few days in the city this
week, returning Tuesday.
?Miss Gladys Smith visited Bam
Derg, s. u., last weeK.?Aonn Augusta
cor. Augusta Chronicle.
?Private Frank B. Adams returned
to the city this week from France, ,
where he has served with the expeditionary
forces for several months.
Mr. Adams has been released from
the service.
?Mr. Grimes Hutto is among,
those who have returned with the
thirtieth division. Mr. Hutto was
released from service several days
ago and is now at home. Mr. R. B.
O'Quinn, of near Bamberg, has also
/ returned home from overseas.
^ v ?Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Dunn, of War- 1
renville, spent Saturday in the city
>. with Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Dunn. Mr.
Dunn has been superintendent of the
Warrenville Manufacturing company i
since he resigned his position with 1
the Bamberg uotton miiis company,
but he has recently resigned his* position
with the Warrenville company.
< > ?
MAY WEAR UNIFORMS.
/
Act of Congress Permits Soldiers and i
Sailors to Retain Uniforms. i
* *
/ The Herald is requested to publish
- r the following act of congress for the i
information of discharged soldiers <
and sailors:
. "Be it enacted by the senate and
house of representatives of the Uni- "
ted States of America in congress assembled,
that any person who served i
in the United States army, navy, or '
marine corps in the present war may, 1
upon honorable discharge and return
t? civil life, permanently retain one
complete suit of outer uniform clothlug,
including the overcoat, and such 1
articles of : ersonal apparel and <
^ ' equipment as may be authorized, re- (
spectively, by the secretary of war or
secretary of the navy, and may wear
such uniform clothing after dis- '
i
charge: Provided, that the uniform (
% above referred to shall include some
distinctive mark or insignia to be .
^ prescribed, respectively, by the secretary
of war or the secretary of the .
navy, such mark or insignia to be is- ,
sued respectively by the war department
.or navy department to all en- .
listed persons so discharged. The
word 'navy' shall include the officers
and enlisted persons of the coast
guard who have served with the navy (
during the present war. (
"That the provisions of this act (
shall apply to all persons who served
In the United States army, navy, or
^ marine corps during the present war
honorably discharged since April
sixth, nineteen hundred and seventeen.
And in cases where such cloth- .
ing and uniforms have been restored j
to the government on their discharge (
the same or similar clothing and uniform
in kind and value as near as
may be shall be returned and given
to such soldiers, sailors, and ma- '
^ ' Tines.
"This act was approved by the
president on February 28, 1919, and
is now a law. Its enactment does not
imply that discl^irged soldiers may
wear uniforms made by civilians or
other tailors. They may legally wear
only the particular uniform that they
were permitted to retain."
lei m
More Pay for Japanese Soldiers.
In the opinion of the Jifi, the pay
of Japanese soldiers is too small. At
? present it is 1.56 yen (78 cents) per
month for first and second class privates,
and 1.95 (98 cents) for corporals.
Even if the pay be increased
50 per cent., says the editor, it will
not suffice for the needs of the sol
diers. At present, they have to get
money from home to make up the
shortage, which is not right. The
total pay of the soldiers amounts to
$2,150,000. If it is trebled, the
government will need only $4,300,000
additional. If the government is
* determined on this increase, it will
not be difficult to get the money, the
editor asserts.
( ~~
Not That Kind.
<r
The business agent for a Chautauqua
went to a prosperous town to see
some of the natives with regard to
booking a performance and finally
landed in the office of Jones.
"Yes, I am Mr. Jones," said the
occupant. "What can I do for you?"
"I called to see you about a Chautauqua,"
returned the visitor.
"Nothing doing," curtly answered
Jones. "My wife and I have decid^
ed on a car of another make."
*
GERMAN CENSORS
ALWAYS STUPID
NEWS CAREFULLY KEPT FROM
PEOPLE.
How We Were Lied To
Pamphlet Issued Under Xame of Kurt
Muehsam, Former Austro-German
War Correspondent.
Revelations of the "stupidity and
cunning" of German newspaper censorship
which for more than four
rears obsessed 70,000,000 people with
the hope of an impossible victory,
hid from them the news of Prussian
defeats and at last contributed to the
downfall of the structure of pretence
it had raised, are brought out here
in a remarkable pamphlet said to
* ? 3 V.WT TAr% "\\Til Vl ftl m
nave Deen inspiitju uy ui.
Muehlon, formerly director of the
Krupp works, whose expose of Germany
in 1918 as the real instigator
of the war sent him into voluntary
exile in Switzerland.
The pamphlet entitled "How We
Were Lied To," is published ostensibly
under the name of Kurt Huehsam,
a former Austro-German war
correspondent. It is filled with instances
of military duplicity, showing
the efforts that were made to conceal
from the German people everything
of a discouraging nature that had to
do with the war.
Newspaper editors, according to
the document, were forbidden under
dire penalties to discuss any. subject
relating to the war without the approval
of hundreds of government
of the government. The Lusitania
censors operating through 21 newspaper
bureaus and various branches
sinking and the submarine controvery
with the United States was so
skillfully maneuvered in the press
that for many months the people
were led to believe that the negotiations
were taking "a course very favorable
to us."
Lansing in News.
Only such news was published as
the militarists thought would favorably
affect public opinion and to carry
out this purpose, the pamphlet points
out, all kinds of falsities were employed.
Secretary Lansing, for instance,
was reported as being ill and
Dn the verge of leaving office. A hopeless
breach was also said to have
arisen between the American secretary
of state and President Wilson.
These items appearing in all of the
German papers and oearing the apparent
sanction of the authorities
were readily believed by the populace.
Dr. Muehlon, who in his earlier
revelations accused the then. Emperor
William of having issued the order
"take no more prisoners," points
out the astonishing fact that not once
in all of the German war reports can
6e found any admission that the first
battle of the Marne was a German defeat.
The only thing that the German
high command was able to report
about that terrible reverse was
disguised in the words: "In the Western
theater of the war the operations,
details of which can not yet be published,
have led to a new battle which
is developing favorable. Reports
spread by the enemy unfavorable to
? - ? _ ft
us are raise.
The former head of the great munition
plant at Essen, who possessed
complete information as to the operations
of the military authorities
here, declared that "there was hardly
a day during all the long war when
the editorial offices of the German
daily press were not 'honored' by the
receipt of confidential communications,
orders and prohibitions from
the censorship authorities, calculated
to limit free expression of opinion on
the most vital questions and ultimately
to throttle it."
The Germans, for instance, were
never to be charged with conducting
a "ruthless" u-boat war but rather
an "unlimited" or "boundless" war.
Descriptions of devastation in France
and Belgium were forbidden and ail
reference to barbarism and wanton
destruction were taboo, with the significant
expression: "The army knows
when to use force and to be mild."
Details of the closing down of factotories,
coal and food shortages, poor
crops and the employment of prison
ers of wars in mines ana munuion
plants were suppressed as were also
reports of street disorders, unrest
and strikes.
Strength of Sultan.
Referring to the time when hundreds
were dying daily in Turkey
from starvation and the collapse of
the Ottoman army seemed imminent
and when Germany was sending vast
quantities of food and munitions and
heavy reinforcements of troops to the
near East, Dr. Muehlon recalls the
fact that in those dark days "the
German people were fed upon roseate
accounts of conditions in Turkey,
that the sultan's army was 'strong
and sufficient,' and the Turks were
a 'valuable ally.' With the enormous
masses of troops that we had to send
to Turkey," continues the pamphlet,
"it was pretty strong to suggest to
the press that the Turkish army reserve
was adequate. It was a delibliberate
altering of the facts."
It must be understood, writes Dr.
Muehlon's collaborator, that all the
censorship regulations under which
the newspapers were operating were
unknown to the people. The distortion
of facts was thus made for every
editor. He was encouraged to that,
notwithstanding that the allies were
sinking German submarines as fast
as they could be built, "the number
of new German u-boats is four times
greater than the losses. Our subI
!.?_ a --1 1 J ;
mersiuie iieet nas giuwu e.\u?iuiuiiiarily
during the war. The press is
to picture the submarine warfare as
a means of shortening the struggle
and not as a measure of retaliation
or a weapon to starve our foes."
After months of deception in trying
to convince the people that.America
would never enter the war, asserts
the Krupp director, when President
Wilson sent his ultimatum, the
German press very readily executed
an "about face" and endeavored to
minimize the United States as a posible
adversary. Quoting from the
pamphlet: "The entry ? of America
would mean little from a naval
standpoint. Looked at from all angles,
it would be possible for her to
| use only a few torpedo boat destroyers
and a few small, slow cruisers
which might, perhaps, be used as
convoys. The United States has built
no armored cruisers, which are decis|
ive in maritime warfare. For the
I trancnnrt r?f an armv rorDS Of 30.000
I men, 75 steamships of 4,000 tons
! each are necessary. For the transI
port of 100,000 soldiers with nothing
but their marching equipment, 400,000
tons would be necessary for the
i double trip." ^
Campaign Went On.
Even after the United States had
. landed more than 1,500,000 men in
I France, Mr. Muehlon declares, the
. German papers continued their campaigns
of falsity and delusion. The
diplomatic intercourse between Germany
and the United States during
| the two years preceding America's
I entry into the war is set forth in the
| pamphlet with interesting references
. to Count von Bernstorff and his miliI
tary naval attaches, Boy-Ed and Von
I
I Papen, in Washington, It was givj
en out as "established" that the for
mer ambassador, and not Dr. Zimmerman,
the German foreign secretary,
had conducted the correspondence
with Heinrich Von Eckhardt,
j former German minister in Mexico,
j looking to an alliance between Japan,
Germany and Mexico if the United
States entered the war. German
newspapers \i^ere cautioned never to
j use the "unfortunate expression 'ZimI
merman lette/' " because it was bej
lieved this might lead to a severance
i of diplomatic relations between Berlin
and Washington.
After the United States actually
I had entered the war the censors per
I
{ mitted such statements as "the dam!
age to German ships lying in Ameri|
can harbors has been carried out to
our satisfaction. For example, the
giant steamship Vaterland has been
made wholly unusable. Even the
sketches of the turbine construction
have been destroyed."
An interesting sidelight on the
psychological view the average German
was permitted of the American
situation is shown by the following
summarization by Dr. Muehlonr/'At
the beginning of the war America
was inimical to Germany. But this
situation was improved. After the
Lusitania things got worse again.
Then an improvement set in because
America had such cause for complaint
against England. At the time
of the breach of diplomatic relations
the impression prevailed that the
people did not want war with Germany.
Autocracy of Wilson. \
"Wilson has a more strongly autocratic
position than any European
ruler. Since he is English in his upbringing
?he knows little or nothing
about German things and has no use j
for Germans. Undoubtedly he has
been against us from the outset. Often,
however, he has had to guard
the interest of American high finances.
Wilson himself has an unbribable
character. He did not labor to
bring about war with Germany, since
there does not exist a positive desire
for war.
"The impression in America is
general that * his peace intentions
were serious and honorable. He
wanted to become the peace president,
but the breach of relations was
necessary for him for the maintenance
of American prestige. In the
war between America and Germany
the financial support of the entente
by America will be very great. In
a warlike way, however, the Americans
can never become dangerous for
us either on land or on wrater.
? "Lansing is an outspoken German
. hater. He is the great friend of England
and always was for participa
M1NNES0TANS PAY
BIG SCHGOL TAXES
PEOPLE PREFER CONSOLIDATED
TO ONE-TEACHER SCHOOL.
Rural Equipment Good
Mr. Gunter Finds Western States is
Progressive in Its Educational
Ideas.
Columbia, March 22.?The people
of Minnesota tax themselves heavily
and ungrudgingly for educational
purposes, according to Lueco Gunter,
State supervisor of rural schools,
whn n chnrt timp rptnrnpd frnrti
a trip in the Northwest. The people
of this Western State, said Mr. Gunter,
prefer the consolidated school in
preference to the one-teacher school.
The school buildings are well built
and sanitary and the teachers are intelligent
and are thoroughly conversant
with the subjects they teach, he
stated. Mr. Gunter's article, which
follows, shows that Minnesota is progressive
in its educational ideas.
"In making an inspection of country
schools in Minnesota the State
supervisor of rural schools in South
Carolina was interested most in the
type of work done in the consolidated
schools. Only a portion of one day
was given to a study of the oneteacher
school problem. The oneteacher
schools were visited in Jackson
county. The rural school commissioner
of Minnesota said that in
equipment and teaching conditions
these two schools were typical of the
one-teacher schools in a section of
the State that is mainly agricultural.
"In Jackson county the one-teacner
schools are usually two or three
miles apart. In that open prairie
country a visitor at one school house
can frequently see the school house
in the adjoining district. A few modern
one-teacher buildings, costing
$4,000 and more, are being erected.
But such a school usually blocks a
consolidation movement in the surrounding
territory, and for that reason
the State authorities do not energetically
promote campaigns for
new one-teacher school buildings. In
Jackson county very few one-teacher
buildings have been erected and
nearly all of the one-teacher houses
are of the type visited.
Familiar Type of Building.
"These houses were built twenty
or twenty-five years ago, mostly ot
hardwood material. The^ replaced
the log cabin school houses and are
today usually in a good state of preservation.
They are of the traditional
"car-box".-type, with the door at one
end, the chimney at .the other and
the windows in each side. We are
familiar with this type in South Carolina.
"It is in the teaching equipment,
the preparation of the teacher and
the consequent better class room
work that the Minnesota one-teacher
schools surpass ours.f Every oneteacher
school in Minnesota must
have a jacket stove, thus providing
for ventilation independently of the
windows. These schools must have
a sanitary drinking fountain, 100
square feet of slate blackboard, a
suspended globe, a complete set of
wall maps and desks adjusted to the
size of the pupils. The 121 teacher
training courses in high schools of
the State send into the one-teacher
schools each year from 1,200 to
1,200 teachers, with at least one year
of normal training. The #character
tion in the war for America. His
voice can never mean much for us.
Negotiations with America are no
longer possible for us. It wanted the
war and that is its affair."
The mesmeric spell which had been
cast upon the people as a result of
reading daily "an unbroken chain of
victorious announcement," Dr. Muehlon
points out, was dissipated when
Foreign Secretary von Kuehlmann
declared publicly that the war could
* V- ?? T +
iiul ue wuu miuiai ujr. n
von Kuehlmann his post but it awakened
the German people to the fact
that they were on the pricipice of national
disaster. Thereafter the censors
permitted less optimistic and
bombastic news reports.
Loss of the war was charged by
the former Krupp experts to two
grave mistakes by von Ludendorff,
described as the "brains of the German
army," in his failure, first, correctly
to estimate the wonderful possibilities
of the American troop transport
and his false assumption that
Marshal Foch's reserve army had
ceased to exist in June, 1918. Ludendorff,
he said, gambled with the
existence of Germany. He was like
a jockey in a long race who forced
his horse far ahead of the rest of the
field, and who, toward the end, when
the others began to gain with their
carefully reserved strength, used
"whip and spurs" in a desperate effort
to win, virtually killed his
j mount and yet lost after all.
of the teaching in the one-teacher
schools visited showed splendid re
suits from such training.
Confined to Elementary Grades.
"These one-teacher schools usually
have an enrollment of from fifteen
to twenty-five pupils. The instruction
is confined to the eight elementary
grades. Only the children of the
most well-to-do farmers have any
high school instruction. The children
whose parents can afford the
|
I expense to board in town and attend
the town high school. The people
of Minnesota realize that the oneteacher
school cannot attempt advanced
work without doing injury to
the elementary. It is for this reason
that consolidation is making so great
progress, that all the children in the
country have as good school opportunities
as the children in the towns
enjoy.
"The plan in promoting consolidation
in Minnesota is, therefore, to
organize in the consolidated district
.a sufficient number of one-teachei
school districts to provide a high
school with modern methods of instruction
as well as a well-taught
elementary school. On his trip of
inspection the rural school supervisor
visited six of these consolidated
schools, a half day being spent at
each.
Consolidated School at Lewiston.
"One of the best of these schools is
Lewiston. Lewiston is a town with
about 600 inhabitants. When the
consolidation was made four country
districts came into the consolidated
district with the town. The consolidated
school is now about 13 years
old. There are in the school ten
teachers; four are in the elementary
grades and the others are in the high
school or are special teachers. There
are 136 pupils in the eight elementary
grades and seventy-five in the
higl^ school. It is observed, therefore,
that the enrollment in- the high
school classes is about the same as
11 Z m a! o
me ern uiimeiu iu mc cicmcuiaij
grades, which makes the school one
that is remarkable for its holding
power. Under the old one-teacher
school conditions very few of these
high schools pupils would have had
high school advantages. About half
the pupils enrolled at Lewiston are
hauled in the four transportation
wagons, and the greatest distance
that any pupil^travels is five miles.
In the elementary grades the pupils
are thoroughly taught; and in the
high school in addition to English
history, and mathematics, subjects
found in every high school, science
is well taught with laboratory equipment,
and special teachers are provided
for domestic science, sewing,
manual training, and agriculture. A
splendid equipment for the successful
teaching of agriculture was
found. It was strange to a South
Carolina visitor to learn that no Latin
was taught in this school. The
school building at Lewiston was
erected when the consolidation was
made. While it affords good class
room and laboratory accommodations,
it is not no-* large enough to
supply every demand of the school
and community as a community center.
Plans are now under way for
the enlargement of the building.
Pay Well for the Benefits.
"For the support of this school the.
State supplies out of the State school
fund and the State one-mill tax $6
for every pupil that attends school
forty days. In addition the State
pays the transportation costs up to
a maximum of $2,000, for the teaching
of agriculture $1,000, and $500
for the consolidation. The district
special levy of ordinary support is
fourteen mills on an assessment of
approximately $700,000. The special
district tax at Lewiston was the lowest
of any school visited on this tour.
All of which shows that while the
people recognize the great benefits
that come to their children from consolidation
they are paying handsomely
for these benefits. Nowhere, however,
was there an indication that
they are paying grudgingly.
"The most expensive school plant
visited was at Okabena. This building
cost $50,000. Okabena is just a
11 lift r/lltr m ATO fhoTl Q
small village, naiui; mwiv. i.uuii t? .
railroad station. It is not of sufficient |
size to have a telegraph office. The i
building was erected by a bond issue, i
It accommodates an enrollment of
147 pupils and six teachers. In addition
to the expense of carrying
these bonds, the people have voted a
special district tax of 21 mills for
school support. Houses of the kind 1
at Okabena are erected for the consolidated
schools in the open country.
Such a one was visited at Petersburg,
ten miles from the railroad
station. In addition to the school
building the people at Petersburg
have erected a $7,000 modern home
for the teachers, which might itself
be a good subject for a newspapei
article.
"In general plan these buildings
are not superior to our good country
school buildings. The permanent
character of the construction and the
heating and ventilating systems add
greatly to the cost of the Minnesota
school houses. Nearly all these
TO GET FEDERAL MONEY.
State Highway Commission Explains
IMans of Expenditure.
Columbia. April 10.?The State
Highway commission is frequently
asked by county officials and interested
citizens what steps are necessary
in order to secure the large sums of
federal money which are now available
for buildfhg roads in South Carolina.
It is necessary first of all for the
county road officials to pass a resolution
asking the State Highway commission
for federal aid for building '
a certain section or sections of the
State highway system in their counties.
These resolutions must provide
for the money to defray half of
the cost* This money to cover the
federal funds can come from the
* ? c? i;
cuuuij ueasur> ur iruui mumuipttuties,
or from private individuals.
There is one instance on record in
which a private corporation in South
Carolina agreed to provide part of
the funds necessary to build an important
bridge.
After the county road authorities
notify the State Highway commission
by resolution that they want to
build a part or parts of the State
highway system in their county and
that half the money necessary is
available, the State Highway commission
sends an engineering party
to survey the road to be built. After
these surveys are made, the State
Highway commission's engineers
prepare a careful estimate of the
cost of the work to be done, together
with a complete description of the
work, including blue prints and
plans. All of this data is forwarded
to the secretary of the U. S. department
of agriculture, Mr. D. F. Houston,
who is a South Carolinian. The
secretary of agriculture approves tne
project, and the State Highway commission
in cooperation with the county
authorities proceeds to ask for
bids from contractors.
After securing a satisfactory bid
the contract is let and the federal
government pays half 'he cost of the
road building.
The same process is followed in
securing federal money for building
bridges.
Cotton Fire at Darlington.
Darlington, S. C., April 1.?Fire
of unknown origin, discovered in the
warehouses adjoining the Atlantic
Coast Line Railway station early tonight
destroyed over 1,000 bales of
cotton in the warehouses and on the
platform adjoining. Most of the cotton
was the property of Vernon company,
of Darlington, but there wens
other losers also. The loss is estimated
at more than $250,000. In
addition to the cotton large quantities
of groceries and fertilizers, the ,
property of the Cox-Vernon company
were stored in the warehouses and
were lost. It was late in the night
before the fire was under control after
warehouses and platform, 400
feet in length had been completely
destroyed. The fire had gained
much headway before it was diSCOVorari
hr eitizPTlR
: - ?? ,
buildings are designed to combine a
gymnasium and auditorium. The
gymnasiums have correct proportions
which provide for basket ball and
other forms of indoor play. These
rooms are found on the ground floor.
Movable
chairs make it possible to
use the gymnasium as an assembly
room and for general community
purposes. This is a plan of construction
that might well be imitated
in our section.
"The character of the instruction
in all the schools visited would impress
itself on a South Carolina visitor.
All the teachers had definite
and clear knowledge of the subject
matter and gave evidence of having
formulated definite plans for the
teaching. The result was that the ?
class room work was clear-cut and
impressive. This is a result of the ?
Minnesota plan of teacher-training
in high schools and normal schools."
I.? I
cfords |
We are now able to get
a good supply of Ford
cars but in order to get
the supply the buyers '
will have to place their
orders in advance and
these orders will have to
be sent to the factory and
then the cars will ^be
shipped.
ic. F. RIZER I
OLAR, S. C. 1
I
. .... ;