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PERSONAL MENTION. * People Visiting in This City and at Other Points. ?Mr. and Mrs. Frank Johnson, of Charleston, was in the city last week. ?Mr. Paul Whitaker, of Orangeburg, spent Sunday in the city. ?Miss Virginia Ayer, of Blackville, is visiting friends and relatives ^ in the city this week. ?Mr. J. Gary Black, of Charleston, spent a few days in the city this week, returning Tuesday. ?Miss Gladys Smith visited Bam Derg, s. u., last weeK.?Aonn Augusta cor. Augusta Chronicle. ?Private Frank B. Adams returned to the city this week from France, , where he has served with the expeditionary forces for several months. Mr. Adams has been released from the service. ?Mr. Grimes Hutto is among, those who have returned with the thirtieth division. Mr. Hutto was released from service several days ago and is now at home. Mr. R. B. O'Quinn, of near Bamberg, has also / returned home from overseas. ^ v ?Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Dunn, of War- 1 renville, spent Saturday in the city >. with Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Dunn. Mr. Dunn has been superintendent of the Warrenville Manufacturing company i since he resigned his position with 1 the Bamberg uotton miiis company, but he has recently resigned his* position with the Warrenville company. < > ? MAY WEAR UNIFORMS. / Act of Congress Permits Soldiers and i Sailors to Retain Uniforms. i * * / The Herald is requested to publish - r the following act of congress for the i information of discharged soldiers < and sailors: . "Be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives of the Uni- " ted States of America in congress assembled, that any person who served i in the United States army, navy, or ' marine corps in the present war may, 1 upon honorable discharge and return t? civil life, permanently retain one complete suit of outer uniform clothlug, including the overcoat, and such 1 articles of : ersonal apparel and < ^ ' equipment as may be authorized, re- ( spectively, by the secretary of war or secretary of the navy, and may wear such uniform clothing after dis- ' i charge: Provided, that the uniform ( % above referred to shall include some distinctive mark or insignia to be . ^ prescribed, respectively, by the secretary of war or the secretary of the . navy, such mark or insignia to be is- , sued respectively by the war department .or navy department to all en- . listed persons so discharged. The word 'navy' shall include the officers and enlisted persons of the coast guard who have served with the navy ( during the present war. ( "That the provisions of this act ( shall apply to all persons who served In the United States army, navy, or ^ marine corps during the present war honorably discharged since April sixth, nineteen hundred and seventeen. And in cases where such cloth- . ing and uniforms have been restored j to the government on their discharge ( the same or similar clothing and uniform in kind and value as near as may be shall be returned and given to such soldiers, sailors, and ma- ' ^ ' Tines. "This act was approved by the president on February 28, 1919, and is now a law. Its enactment does not imply that discl^irged soldiers may wear uniforms made by civilians or other tailors. They may legally wear only the particular uniform that they were permitted to retain." lei m More Pay for Japanese Soldiers. In the opinion of the Jifi, the pay of Japanese soldiers is too small. At ? present it is 1.56 yen (78 cents) per month for first and second class privates, and 1.95 (98 cents) for corporals. Even if the pay be increased 50 per cent., says the editor, it will not suffice for the needs of the sol diers. At present, they have to get money from home to make up the shortage, which is not right. The total pay of the soldiers amounts to $2,150,000. If it is trebled, the government will need only $4,300,000 additional. If the government is * determined on this increase, it will not be difficult to get the money, the editor asserts. ( ~~ Not That Kind. <r The business agent for a Chautauqua went to a prosperous town to see some of the natives with regard to booking a performance and finally landed in the office of Jones. "Yes, I am Mr. Jones," said the occupant. "What can I do for you?" "I called to see you about a Chautauqua," returned the visitor. "Nothing doing," curtly answered Jones. "My wife and I have decid^ ed on a car of another make." * GERMAN CENSORS ALWAYS STUPID NEWS CAREFULLY KEPT FROM PEOPLE. How We Were Lied To Pamphlet Issued Under Xame of Kurt Muehsam, Former Austro-German War Correspondent. Revelations of the "stupidity and cunning" of German newspaper censorship which for more than four rears obsessed 70,000,000 people with the hope of an impossible victory, hid from them the news of Prussian defeats and at last contributed to the downfall of the structure of pretence it had raised, are brought out here in a remarkable pamphlet said to * ? 3 V.WT TAr% "\\Til Vl ftl m nave Deen inspiitju uy ui. Muehlon, formerly director of the Krupp works, whose expose of Germany in 1918 as the real instigator of the war sent him into voluntary exile in Switzerland. The pamphlet entitled "How We Were Lied To," is published ostensibly under the name of Kurt Huehsam, a former Austro-German war correspondent. It is filled with instances of military duplicity, showing the efforts that were made to conceal from the German people everything of a discouraging nature that had to do with the war. Newspaper editors, according to the document, were forbidden under dire penalties to discuss any. subject relating to the war without the approval of hundreds of government of the government. The Lusitania censors operating through 21 newspaper bureaus and various branches sinking and the submarine controvery with the United States was so skillfully maneuvered in the press that for many months the people were led to believe that the negotiations were taking "a course very favorable to us." Lansing in News. Only such news was published as the militarists thought would favorably affect public opinion and to carry out this purpose, the pamphlet points out, all kinds of falsities were employed. Secretary Lansing, for instance, was reported as being ill and Dn the verge of leaving office. A hopeless breach was also said to have arisen between the American secretary of state and President Wilson. These items appearing in all of the German papers and oearing the apparent sanction of the authorities were readily believed by the populace. Dr. Muehlon, who in his earlier revelations accused the then. Emperor William of having issued the order "take no more prisoners," points out the astonishing fact that not once in all of the German war reports can 6e found any admission that the first battle of the Marne was a German defeat. The only thing that the German high command was able to report about that terrible reverse was disguised in the words: "In the Western theater of the war the operations, details of which can not yet be published, have led to a new battle which is developing favorable. Reports spread by the enemy unfavorable to ? - ? _ ft us are raise. The former head of the great munition plant at Essen, who possessed complete information as to the operations of the military authorities here, declared that "there was hardly a day during all the long war when the editorial offices of the German daily press were not 'honored' by the receipt of confidential communications, orders and prohibitions from the censorship authorities, calculated to limit free expression of opinion on the most vital questions and ultimately to throttle it." The Germans, for instance, were never to be charged with conducting a "ruthless" u-boat war but rather an "unlimited" or "boundless" war. Descriptions of devastation in France and Belgium were forbidden and ail reference to barbarism and wanton destruction were taboo, with the significant expression: "The army knows when to use force and to be mild." Details of the closing down of factotories, coal and food shortages, poor crops and the employment of prison ers of wars in mines ana munuion plants were suppressed as were also reports of street disorders, unrest and strikes. Strength of Sultan. Referring to the time when hundreds were dying daily in Turkey from starvation and the collapse of the Ottoman army seemed imminent and when Germany was sending vast quantities of food and munitions and heavy reinforcements of troops to the near East, Dr. Muehlon recalls the fact that in those dark days "the German people were fed upon roseate accounts of conditions in Turkey, that the sultan's army was 'strong and sufficient,' and the Turks were a 'valuable ally.' With the enormous masses of troops that we had to send to Turkey," continues the pamphlet, "it was pretty strong to suggest to the press that the Turkish army reserve was adequate. It was a delibliberate altering of the facts." It must be understood, writes Dr. Muehlon's collaborator, that all the censorship regulations under which the newspapers were operating were unknown to the people. The distortion of facts was thus made for every editor. He was encouraged to that, notwithstanding that the allies were sinking German submarines as fast as they could be built, "the number of new German u-boats is four times greater than the losses. Our subI !.?_ a --1 1 J ; mersiuie iieet nas giuwu e.\u?iuiuiiiarily during the war. The press is to picture the submarine warfare as a means of shortening the struggle and not as a measure of retaliation or a weapon to starve our foes." After months of deception in trying to convince the people that.America would never enter the war, asserts the Krupp director, when President Wilson sent his ultimatum, the German press very readily executed an "about face" and endeavored to minimize the United States as a posible adversary. Quoting from the pamphlet: "The entry ? of America would mean little from a naval standpoint. Looked at from all angles, it would be possible for her to | use only a few torpedo boat destroyers and a few small, slow cruisers which might, perhaps, be used as convoys. The United States has built no armored cruisers, which are decis| ive in maritime warfare. For the I trancnnrt r?f an armv rorDS Of 30.000 I men, 75 steamships of 4,000 tons ! each are necessary. For the transI port of 100,000 soldiers with nothing but their marching equipment, 400,000 tons would be necessary for the i double trip." ^ Campaign Went On. Even after the United States had . landed more than 1,500,000 men in I France, Mr. Muehlon declares, the . German papers continued their campaigns of falsity and delusion. The diplomatic intercourse between Germany and the United States during | the two years preceding America's I entry into the war is set forth in the | pamphlet with interesting references . to Count von Bernstorff and his miliI tary naval attaches, Boy-Ed and Von I I Papen, in Washington, It was givj en out as "established" that the for mer ambassador, and not Dr. Zimmerman, the German foreign secretary, had conducted the correspondence with Heinrich Von Eckhardt, j former German minister in Mexico, j looking to an alliance between Japan, Germany and Mexico if the United States entered the war. German newspapers \i^ere cautioned never to j use the "unfortunate expression 'ZimI merman lette/' " because it was bej lieved this might lead to a severance i of diplomatic relations between Berlin and Washington. After the United States actually I had entered the war the censors per I { mitted such statements as "the dam! age to German ships lying in Ameri| can harbors has been carried out to our satisfaction. For example, the giant steamship Vaterland has been made wholly unusable. Even the sketches of the turbine construction have been destroyed." An interesting sidelight on the psychological view the average German was permitted of the American situation is shown by the following summarization by Dr. Muehlonr/'At the beginning of the war America was inimical to Germany. But this situation was improved. After the Lusitania things got worse again. Then an improvement set in because America had such cause for complaint against England. At the time of the breach of diplomatic relations the impression prevailed that the people did not want war with Germany. Autocracy of Wilson. \ "Wilson has a more strongly autocratic position than any European ruler. Since he is English in his upbringing ?he knows little or nothing about German things and has no use j for Germans. Undoubtedly he has been against us from the outset. Often, however, he has had to guard the interest of American high finances. Wilson himself has an unbribable character. He did not labor to bring about war with Germany, since there does not exist a positive desire for war. "The impression in America is general that * his peace intentions were serious and honorable. He wanted to become the peace president, but the breach of relations was necessary for him for the maintenance of American prestige. In the war between America and Germany the financial support of the entente by America will be very great. In a warlike way, however, the Americans can never become dangerous for us either on land or on wrater. ? "Lansing is an outspoken German . hater. He is the great friend of England and always was for participa M1NNES0TANS PAY BIG SCHGOL TAXES PEOPLE PREFER CONSOLIDATED TO ONE-TEACHER SCHOOL. Rural Equipment Good Mr. Gunter Finds Western States is Progressive in Its Educational Ideas. Columbia, March 22.?The people of Minnesota tax themselves heavily and ungrudgingly for educational purposes, according to Lueco Gunter, State supervisor of rural schools, whn n chnrt timp rptnrnpd frnrti a trip in the Northwest. The people of this Western State, said Mr. Gunter, prefer the consolidated school in preference to the one-teacher school. The school buildings are well built and sanitary and the teachers are intelligent and are thoroughly conversant with the subjects they teach, he stated. Mr. Gunter's article, which follows, shows that Minnesota is progressive in its educational ideas. "In making an inspection of country schools in Minnesota the State supervisor of rural schools in South Carolina was interested most in the type of work done in the consolidated schools. Only a portion of one day was given to a study of the oneteacher school problem. The oneteacher schools were visited in Jackson county. The rural school commissioner of Minnesota said that in equipment and teaching conditions these two schools were typical of the one-teacher schools in a section of the State that is mainly agricultural. "In Jackson county the one-teacner schools are usually two or three miles apart. In that open prairie country a visitor at one school house can frequently see the school house in the adjoining district. A few modern one-teacher buildings, costing $4,000 and more, are being erected. But such a school usually blocks a consolidation movement in the surrounding territory, and for that reason the State authorities do not energetically promote campaigns for new one-teacher school buildings. In Jackson county very few one-teacher buildings have been erected and nearly all of the one-teacher houses are of the type visited. Familiar Type of Building. "These houses were built twenty or twenty-five years ago, mostly ot hardwood material. The^ replaced the log cabin school houses and are today usually in a good state of preservation. They are of the traditional "car-box".-type, with the door at one end, the chimney at .the other and the windows in each side. We are familiar with this type in South Carolina. "It is in the teaching equipment, the preparation of the teacher and the consequent better class room work that the Minnesota one-teacher schools surpass ours.f Every oneteacher school in Minnesota must have a jacket stove, thus providing for ventilation independently of the windows. These schools must have a sanitary drinking fountain, 100 square feet of slate blackboard, a suspended globe, a complete set of wall maps and desks adjusted to the size of the pupils. The 121 teacher training courses in high schools of the State send into the one-teacher schools each year from 1,200 to 1,200 teachers, with at least one year of normal training. The #character tion in the war for America. His voice can never mean much for us. Negotiations with America are no longer possible for us. It wanted the war and that is its affair." The mesmeric spell which had been cast upon the people as a result of reading daily "an unbroken chain of victorious announcement," Dr. Muehlon points out, was dissipated when Foreign Secretary von Kuehlmann declared publicly that the war could * V- ?? T + iiul ue wuu miuiai ujr. n von Kuehlmann his post but it awakened the German people to the fact that they were on the pricipice of national disaster. Thereafter the censors permitted less optimistic and bombastic news reports. Loss of the war was charged by the former Krupp experts to two grave mistakes by von Ludendorff, described as the "brains of the German army," in his failure, first, correctly to estimate the wonderful possibilities of the American troop transport and his false assumption that Marshal Foch's reserve army had ceased to exist in June, 1918. Ludendorff, he said, gambled with the existence of Germany. He was like a jockey in a long race who forced his horse far ahead of the rest of the field, and who, toward the end, when the others began to gain with their carefully reserved strength, used "whip and spurs" in a desperate effort to win, virtually killed his j mount and yet lost after all. of the teaching in the one-teacher schools visited showed splendid re suits from such training. Confined to Elementary Grades. "These one-teacher schools usually have an enrollment of from fifteen to twenty-five pupils. The instruction is confined to the eight elementary grades. Only the children of the most well-to-do farmers have any high school instruction. The children whose parents can afford the | I expense to board in town and attend the town high school. The people of Minnesota realize that the oneteacher school cannot attempt advanced work without doing injury to the elementary. It is for this reason that consolidation is making so great progress, that all the children in the country have as good school opportunities as the children in the towns enjoy. "The plan in promoting consolidation in Minnesota is, therefore, to organize in the consolidated district .a sufficient number of one-teachei school districts to provide a high school with modern methods of instruction as well as a well-taught elementary school. On his trip of inspection the rural school supervisor visited six of these consolidated schools, a half day being spent at each. Consolidated School at Lewiston. "One of the best of these schools is Lewiston. Lewiston is a town with about 600 inhabitants. When the consolidation was made four country districts came into the consolidated district with the town. The consolidated school is now about 13 years old. There are in the school ten teachers; four are in the elementary grades and the others are in the high school or are special teachers. There are 136 pupils in the eight elementary grades and seventy-five in the higl^ school. It is observed, therefore, that the enrollment in- the high school classes is about the same as 11 Z m a! o me ern uiimeiu iu mc cicmcuiaij grades, which makes the school one that is remarkable for its holding power. Under the old one-teacher school conditions very few of these high schools pupils would have had high school advantages. About half the pupils enrolled at Lewiston are hauled in the four transportation wagons, and the greatest distance that any pupil^travels is five miles. In the elementary grades the pupils are thoroughly taught; and in the high school in addition to English history, and mathematics, subjects found in every high school, science is well taught with laboratory equipment, and special teachers are provided for domestic science, sewing, manual training, and agriculture. A splendid equipment for the successful teaching of agriculture was found. It was strange to a South Carolina visitor to learn that no Latin was taught in this school. The school building at Lewiston was erected when the consolidation was made. While it affords good class room and laboratory accommodations, it is not no-* large enough to supply every demand of the school and community as a community center. Plans are now under way for the enlargement of the building. Pay Well for the Benefits. "For the support of this school the. State supplies out of the State school fund and the State one-mill tax $6 for every pupil that attends school forty days. In addition the State pays the transportation costs up to a maximum of $2,000, for the teaching of agriculture $1,000, and $500 for the consolidation. The district special levy of ordinary support is fourteen mills on an assessment of approximately $700,000. The special district tax at Lewiston was the lowest of any school visited on this tour. All of which shows that while the people recognize the great benefits that come to their children from consolidation they are paying handsomely for these benefits. Nowhere, however, was there an indication that they are paying grudgingly. "The most expensive school plant visited was at Okabena. This building cost $50,000. Okabena is just a 11 lift r/lltr m ATO fhoTl Q small village, naiui; mwiv. i.uuii t? . railroad station. It is not of sufficient | size to have a telegraph office. The i building was erected by a bond issue, i It accommodates an enrollment of 147 pupils and six teachers. In addition to the expense of carrying these bonds, the people have voted a special district tax of 21 mills for school support. Houses of the kind 1 at Okabena are erected for the consolidated schools in the open country. Such a one was visited at Petersburg, ten miles from the railroad station. In addition to the school building the people at Petersburg have erected a $7,000 modern home for the teachers, which might itself be a good subject for a newspapei article. "In general plan these buildings are not superior to our good country school buildings. The permanent character of the construction and the heating and ventilating systems add greatly to the cost of the Minnesota school houses. Nearly all these TO GET FEDERAL MONEY. State Highway Commission Explains IMans of Expenditure. Columbia. April 10.?The State Highway commission is frequently asked by county officials and interested citizens what steps are necessary in order to secure the large sums of federal money which are now available for buildfhg roads in South Carolina. It is necessary first of all for the county road officials to pass a resolution asking the State Highway commission for federal aid for building ' a certain section or sections of the State highway system in their counties. These resolutions must provide for the money to defray half of the cost* This money to cover the federal funds can come from the * ? c? i; cuuuij ueasur> ur iruui mumuipttuties, or from private individuals. There is one instance on record in which a private corporation in South Carolina agreed to provide part of the funds necessary to build an important bridge. After the county road authorities notify the State Highway commission by resolution that they want to build a part or parts of the State highway system in their county and that half the money necessary is available, the State Highway commission sends an engineering party to survey the road to be built. After these surveys are made, the State Highway commission's engineers prepare a careful estimate of the cost of the work to be done, together with a complete description of the work, including blue prints and plans. All of this data is forwarded to the secretary of the U. S. department of agriculture, Mr. D. F. Houston, who is a South Carolinian. The secretary of agriculture approves tne project, and the State Highway commission in cooperation with the county authorities proceeds to ask for bids from contractors. After securing a satisfactory bid the contract is let and the federal government pays half 'he cost of the road building. The same process is followed in securing federal money for building bridges. Cotton Fire at Darlington. Darlington, S. C., April 1.?Fire of unknown origin, discovered in the warehouses adjoining the Atlantic Coast Line Railway station early tonight destroyed over 1,000 bales of cotton in the warehouses and on the platform adjoining. Most of the cotton was the property of Vernon company, of Darlington, but there wens other losers also. The loss is estimated at more than $250,000. In addition to the cotton large quantities of groceries and fertilizers, the , property of the Cox-Vernon company were stored in the warehouses and were lost. It was late in the night before the fire was under control after warehouses and platform, 400 feet in length had been completely destroyed. The fire had gained much headway before it was diSCOVorari hr eitizPTlR : - ?? , buildings are designed to combine a gymnasium and auditorium. The gymnasiums have correct proportions which provide for basket ball and other forms of indoor play. These rooms are found on the ground floor. Movable chairs make it possible to use the gymnasium as an assembly room and for general community purposes. This is a plan of construction that might well be imitated in our section. "The character of the instruction in all the schools visited would impress itself on a South Carolina visitor. All the teachers had definite and clear knowledge of the subject matter and gave evidence of having formulated definite plans for the teaching. The result was that the ? class room work was clear-cut and impressive. This is a result of the ? Minnesota plan of teacher-training in high schools and normal schools." I.? I cfords | We are now able to get a good supply of Ford cars but in order to get the supply the buyers ' will have to place their orders in advance and these orders will have to be sent to the factory and then the cars will ^be shipped. ic. F. RIZER I OLAR, S. C. 1 I . .... ;