The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, February 20, 1919, Image 1
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PRIVATE R.P
PREPARE1
??
Headquarters Convalescent Camp, A.
P. O. 780, France, Jan. 24th,
1919.
This probably is my last letter
from abroad to the paper. At any
rate, I hope so. Dating from yesterday
this camp is officially closed. My
wotk in France is practically finished.
Hence, I shall use a little of
my spare time to write further of
events and other things on this side
of the pond.
s
While the French people are un
* reasonably slow in all business undertakings,
I must concede to them
a complete thoroughness and efficiency
in whatever job they undertake.
They labor under the old theory that
t v "What is worth doing at all is worth
doing well," While we in America
are prone to rusty through and put
over anything on the public that we
: .can get by with and collect the m.on- j
ey for. The general idea that
Prance is immoral, in fact, I might
say unmoral, is exaggerated. Apparently
on the surface of things it is
more so than America, but the main
$oint of difference lies in the fact:
that the French are open and above |
board with their mischief, while in
America we are inclined to slip be-,
> hind the corner and try to hide the
same things.
i .
While in Vichy, which was a j
muxim a.iLt:i" tut; aimisnuc was signed,
I saw a munition factory where j
the famous French 75s were being!
made with the same steadiness and
regularity as during the war and
were being stored by the thousands, j
which is an indication that France, j
ravaged by warfare from time al- j
most immemorial, believes in prepar.
edness. However, it is a significant;
* truth that the one weapon which j
I Germany stoutly maintained to thej
very last would win the war for her, j
V - was the turning point in the strug-1
gle and proved to be undoubtedly'
the indirect cause of the downfall of
^ , Prussian ism. I refer of course, to
the submarines, for had it not been
for their murderous use I do not be
lieve America would have entered
k the war, and had America remained
S neutral Germany's hordes would
have unquestionably conquered Europe.
The barbarous methods of Ger.
man soldiers at the front in cutting
our wounded men's throats and
. hanging captives before the eyes of
their comrades, was, of course, practiced
with the idea and for the pur?
?. pose of intimidating their enemies,
-; but it produced exeactly the opposite
effect upon American soldiers
who then became more
determined than ever. Of cour*3 I
cannot say of my own knowledge
V. . _ _ _ m |
tH%t such things were done, Decause
a I was not there; I have been in the
%
.army, but not in the war, and for a
time I was inclined to discredit such
reports. ?ut I have been told so by
more than one whom I know were
i
' there and who claim to have seen
z euch things personally, and I now
consider my information as authentic.
. My travel over here has led me to
completely change my opinion on a
big question of national importance,
namely, government control, operation
and ownership of our railroads.
Before I left home I was inclined to
compare our railway service with *he
very excellent postal service of which
America can bo^st and to acquire
the idea from th'e comparison that
governmental control of the railroads
would obtain for the public at
** large the same- excellent service it
gets from government operation of
the mails. However, the railroads
of France are controlled and operated
by the government, and the ser
vice to the general public bpth from
<the standpoint of freight and passengers
is bominable, and too, accidents
are not infrequent. The mail lines
are double tracked nearly alT the
way. Yet two trains never pass
* each other moving in opposite directions;
one invariably stops and
waits for the other to go by, a custom
which would be laughed at as a
joke in America. As an instance of
the service the people get, the Paris,
Lyons, Mediterranean system extends
through this section, is probably
the leading system of the country
and is handled by the government.
The city of Nice is only between 400
'and 500 miles from here and a per?
f. son going from here to Nice must
use this line. A soldier granted a
furlough here to visit Nice is allowed
five days additional travel time in
which to make the trip, two and a
^ half days each way, and rest assured
that he would not be given this
...
: BELLINGER
> TO RETURN
| much extra time if the conditions
j and service did not require it for the
j trip. And I could cite other details
; which have forced the conclusion
that in normal peace times private
control, operation and ownership of
our common carriers insures the best
possible service to our people.
An amusing little incident occurred
on the train the other day. I had
casually engaged in a conversation
with a young lady when she asked if
I was inarried. When I replied in
the negative she laughed and said
* \
she hadn't yet seen an American soldier
who was; and I was inclined to
recall the old but rather foolish
query: "Do married men make tlie
best husbands?" Aside from grapes
France does not produce an abundance
of /ruits, but there are numerous.
exquisite gardens of gorgeous
flowers, and the ladies are proficient
in fancy hand work and embroidery.
Shortly after my letter of Dec.
15th, I enjoyed the privilege of a
week-end in the city of Moulins, a
place of 45,000 inhabitants" and the
capital of the Department of Al|
lier. Moulins is much more typical
I of other French cities than Vichy
1 is. Vichy, with a population
of 22,000, has a short street
I railway system operated by comI
pressed air; Moulins has no street
cars. Vichy has electric lights on
the streets; Moulin has none on the
streets which after nightfall are in
total darkness and practically deserted.
Vichy has broad beautiful
boulevards and avenues; Moulins
streets are little dinky alleys with
sidewalks so narrow that pedestrians
must walk in the middle of the
streets. However, there's no danger
from the traffic and one might lie
down and take a nap without being
interfered with or disturbed. Vichy
presents a much more inviting appearance
to a stranger bbth from a
business viewpoint and that of beauty.
Vichy is fashionable and up-todate;
Moulins is sleepy and old fashioned.
Vichy, although it is a resort,
I found less expensive than
Moulins. This though I account for
by reason of the fact that Moulins
is a place reserved exclusively for
American officers to visit, and the
other men are usually not allowed
there. It was by a mere coincidence
that I got in. Vichy with slight progress
could possibly be Americanized;
Moulins is hopeless. Every
French city has its market, which is
usually in the middle of the business
section and very similar to the 'one
at Charleston, although considerably
larger. I have not seen much of the
public school systems in the cities,,
but in the small country towns it is
very much like ours except that they
have a custom of the teachers living,
eating and sleeping in the school
I building. French newsnaners are
I not a credit to the enterprise of
I their country. I have seen no such
j thing as country weeklies, and the
leading Paris dailies get out no extras
and are usually little sheets of
four pages which when compared to
our prominent New York journals or
even Southern dailies would be a
joke.
But along with its liabilities Moui
lins also has a few interesting asi
sets. I attended religious services
! in one of its great cathedrals which
| for fine architecture and beauty
could hardly be surpassed. There I
heard and was agreeably impressed
with the singing of the "De Profunj
dis" in three parts in memory of the
I soldiers of France and her allies who
| gave their lives on the field of honI
J ~ 1 J A 1- J 1 _ AT
ux", auu uxie cuuiu not listen to tne
recitation of "The Rosary" without
an inspiration for the better. From
the church I. went to the jail, quite a
contrast, but J assure you that my
trip there was absolutely a voluntary
visit and not a compulsory business
matter. This building truly reminds
one of an ancent chateau, castle or
prison, constructed of rough stone
with its high rugged walls and other
j features typical of an old prison and
1 causing one to feel that not even the
j master of the somewhat mythical
I fourth dimension could escape from
it. The public museum of Moulins
j harbors thousands of rare exhibits
J of art, sculpture and French national
! life. Many of the exhibits would
! easily rival anything of the kind in
e'ther the Meropolitan Museum of
Arts in Central Park, New York City,
or the National Museum in Washington.
Two especially noteworthy exhibits
are the oi-l paintings, "La Cru?cifixion,"
the French name implying
I |
(Continued on page 2, column 1.)
CONSTITUTION IX BRIEF.
League of Nations Has Democratic
Laws to Govern It.
Administration shall be in the
hands of a body of delegates, and executive
council and a permanent
secretary. Each member nation
shall have one vote in the body of
delegates-, which shall meet at the
league capital at stated intervals.
The executive council shall consist of
representatives of the United States,
Great. Britain. France, Italy and Ja
pan, with four representatives of other
states to be selected by the body
of delegates. The secretariat shall
comprise a secretary-general and a
staff of assistants to be selected by
the executive council. President Wilson
will summon the first meeting of
tive council.
Membership.
Non-member nations, upon giving
guarantees of their intention to observe
the leagues, laws, shall be admitted
to membership upon twothirds
vote of the member nations.
Preservation of Peace.
Members are required to submit
disputes to the executive council,
which may refer the problems to an
international court of justice. The
award \ will be made within six
| months, and the disputants are
| bound not 'to resort to war for at
least three months after that. If' a
disputant fails to accept the award,
the executive council shall decide-on
measures necessary to enforce it.
These may take the form of a severance
of diplomatic relations, an ecoj
nomic blockade or use of armed
! forces under direction of an execuj
tive council. In case of dispute between
a member and a non-member
nation, the latter shall be invited to
assume the obligations of member
! ?liip ana suomit to tne provisions
for averting war, with the alternative
of facing the same measures as
a disputant member nation.
Disarmament.
The executive council shall formulate
plans for reduction of armaments
jto the lowest point consistent
with national safety. Private manufacture
of war materials will be prohibited.
A permanent commission
shall be established to advise the
league on military and naval questions.
Colonies.
German colon^s in the Pacific and
Africa shall be placed under the protectorates
of nations best suited politically
to administer them. Slave
and liquor traffic shall be prohibited
in African territories affected.
Turkish Territories.
Certain former Turkish territories
shall b& given the benefit of protectorates
on the basis of self-determination.
Labor Reforms.
A permanent'bureau of labor shall
be established to secure and maintain
fair humane conditions of labor
in member nations and the countries
with which they are associated commercially.
Freedom of the Seas.
The league shall secure and maini
t a in frppHnm nf transit and eauita
i ble treatment for the commerce of
all member nations.
Secret Treaties.
All previous obligations entered
into by member nations, inconsistent
with the laws of the league are abrogated.
Future treaties must be filed
| with an international bureau of gen|
eral treaties.
Amendments. x
Amendments to the league consti
tution are effective when ratified by
; the state represented on the execu|
tive council and the three-fourth of
! v.
{the states represented on the body
of delegates.
Got There Just the Same.
American troops in France received
a more careful and prolonged
training than could possibly be given
most of the regiments hurriedly
raised during the civil war. General
Pershing tells the story of a volunteer
battalion of rough backwoodsmen
that once joined General Grant.
He admired their fine physique, but
distrusted the capacity of their uncouth
commander to handle troops
promptly and efficiently in the field,
l so he said:
| "Colonel, I want to see your men
; at work; call them to attention, and
order them to march with shouldered
arms in close column to the left
flank."
Without a moment's hesitation the
colonel yelled to his fellow ruffians:
"Boys, look wild thar! Make ready
to thicken and go left endwards! Tote
yer guns! Git!"
The maneuver proved a brilliant
success and the self-elected colonel
was forthwith officially commissioned.
/ i
COIKT HOUSE STAYS.
Senate Passes the Davis Eight Mile
BUI.
Columbia, Feb. 13.?A bill which
| was ordered ratified by a yea and nay
vote of 23 to 13 was the bill by Mr.
Davis of the house prohibiting the
location of any court house within
i
, eight miles of any -county line.
! Senator McGhee, of Greenwood,
j ope.ned the debate. He expressed the
i the greatest respect for Barnwell,
but. said that he did not feel that the
bill was a local issue between
Barnwell and Blackville. He felt
j that to pass ihis bill would
be to deprive the people of
i thei State of a constitutional
| right to say where their county seats
j should be. The constitution provides
lllc.l 111 Lilt: luilimiiuu VI uv nr vvuu.
ties no new county line should be
nearer than eight miles to an estab1
lished county court house, but that
within a county it left to the people
of a county to say where the court
house should be.
Senator Bonham said that the bill
j carried out the spirit of the consti!
tution. That it was the purpose of
! the constitution to prevent the State
from being cut up into very small
' counties. It said to every town in
that if it wished to be county seat it
j must get its territory eight miles
| from any other county seat.
! Senator Wharton said that the bill
grew out of a local fight and that the
legislature should take no part in it.
j Senator Laney, speaking for the
' committee which had reported the
bill, said that he thought the bill
! proposed a wise policy, and that old
! county seats should not be disturbed.
Senator Marion, of Chester, said that
! there was more than a local fight in!
volved. * The supreme court had held
' in Glenn vs. Massey that the legislature
had the power to define county
limitations unless the constitution
j did not intervene here and it was en|
tirely proper for the legislature to
| pass the bill which he favored doing.
Senator Banks pitched his speech
! on the world war which had resulted
! in a victory for democracy, and he
I thought the majority of the people
I A nnnntr oVimili) HolormirtO whArfl
I ill u tUUUlJ OiiUUlU UVVVA .. Mw. ?
! their county seat should be, and that
:if two-thirds of the people in any
county wished to move their county
seat they should be permitted to do
30.
Senator Hough said that the prime
I reason for a constitution was to pro!
tect minorities; that it was not right
that people should be compelled to
go from one end of a county to
another to reach their county seat;
' that county seats should be centrally
| located.
\
Senator Ridgell took the words of
the constitution as his text. It forbade
new county lines from running
: within eight miles of an old county
| seat. It permitted two-thirds of the
1 people of a county to say where their
' county seat should be.
Senator Johnstone said that when
the committees of the senate were
constituted those best fitted to serve
on a committee were selected. In
' the case of the judiciary committee
there were so many good lawyers in
j the senate that no distinction could
j be made and all were put on the judiciary
committee. That when the
judiciary committee said that there
were no legal barriers to a bill the
best authority in the senate had
spoken and the senate must be content.
He then told of the part Barnwell
had played in the history of the
State, speaking eloquently of it as a
place which contained the ashes of
General Hagood. That while history
taugh philosophy it also taught sentiment
and the sentiment clustering
I around such historic places as Barnl
well should be respected. That
! Barnwell court house was not a lo;
cal matter. Barnwell had earned its
rights in peace and in war.
| The bill passed its third reading
and was ordered to be enrolled for
ratification.
How The Germans Pay Bills.
By a new order issued at general
: headquarters, says a Nancy dispatch,
the troops within the occupied zone
hereafter are to be paid in francs instead
of marks. Under the present
arrangement money in marks is
I
brought to Coblenz from Berlin by
Germans and turned over to the chief
disbursing officer.
The payroll of the third army am1
ounts to approximately 26,000,000
; francs per month.
Money to the amount of 15,000,000
marks arrived at Coblenz Saturday,
the January assessment against
j the Germans. A total of 79,000,000
marks has been received from Berlin
toward paving the expenses of the
| occupying forces. The exchange rate
now is 147 marks for 100 francs.
!
TELLS OF PA,
CAROLINi
The following very interesting letter,
relative 1.0 South Carolina officers
and units in France, has been
| received by Brig. Gen. W. W. Moore
{from Maj. J. Shapter Caldwell, for|
merly assistant adjutant general of,
i South Carolina, now in France serv!
ing as adjutant of the Thirtieth Division:
t
"Headquarters Thirtieth American
Division, Eallou, France, January
13, 1919.
"My Dear uenerai Moore:
"Your letter of December 17
reached me here t,oday. I note that
you estimate the casualties of the
Thirtieth division at 27 per cent. The
; casualties were about 4 9 per cent.,
j for there were more than 7,623, as
published, and there were only 18,000
men of the Thirtieth division fightj
ing with the Fourth British Army,
i The Fifty-sixth Field Artillery Bri'gade
(three regiments), the One
; Hundred and Fifth Supply Train, the
One Hundred and Fifth Ammunition
; Train and the Mobile Repair Shop
were, upon arrival overseas, sent to
I the southeastern part of France to
| train with the French 75s and 155s.
In October the artillery and ammunij
tion trains were attached to various
divisions operating in the St. Mihiel
sector. They never did Tejoin this
division. The One Hundred and
Fifth Supply Train never got in any
fight, being used, part at Bordeaux
and part for convoy duty elsewhere.
The supply train has just recently
joined this division and the artillery,
ammunition train and other units
}
- -1 X X
j will join in a iew days, 10 reiurn
i with the division to America.
| "Orders have been received that
! no officers of the adjutant general's
i department will be mustered out
! with their divisions, but Will be kept
for service at demobilization camps
. to assist in mustering out the rei
turning troops. I have asked to be
j kept over here and sent to the army
! of occupation in Germany, but, as I
I have not requested a commission in
j the regular army, I do not know
i whether my request will be granted.
I Yesterday 125 officers of this division,
who want regular army commisI
sions, were transferred to the Third
j Division, Third Army, in Germany,
land an equal/number of officers from
the Third Division have been, ordered
to duty with the Thirtieth.
"As I wrote you from London, I
| was taken ill with Spanish influenza
I shortly after the Thirtieth Division
j had gone into a rest camp, after it
j had fought the battle of the HindenI
burg line. I am glad I did not miss
I any of the fighting, for that would
have broken my A heart. I was in
London in a hospital for six weeks
and in Scotland on sick leave for one
week, and have been to Paris for a
| short time. I have been all over
I that part of Belgium occupied by the
British fro\n July 4 to Spetember 5,
: and over a considerable part of
'northern France, England and Scoti
land. Now I ain anxious to go to
Germany and see what manner of
beasts live in that country.
"The One Hundred and Eighteenth
Infantry (Old First South Carolina)
i
The Evil Genius.
" There goes the meanest cuss in
i .
I town, according to my way of think|
Ing," said the landlord of the Petuj
nia tavern, indicating a harmless byj
passer. "That's Henry Purt, who
j knows how to make more different
j kinds of heathenish noises than any
j of his tormented fellow citizens ever
! heard befcre, and with malice aforethought,
as it were, deliberately
teaches 'ein to the kids. He showed
'em how to screech like a flivver
and keep people continually on the
jump for their lives. The young idea
learned from him the Coinmanche
warhoop and the rebel yell. He was
j the introducer into the neighborhood
j of the whirling rattle, which sounds
; like raking sticks along the forty
: picket fences at once, and the devil's
I fiddle, which moans and wails and
! howls like a hyena being flayed alive,
i "And here of late he has been in|
structing the little lads in squads of'
i four how to be quartettes of Alpine
1 yodelers. There are fully . fifteen
i such quartettes in town now, and
' more organizing every minute. Evl
erywhere you go you run into one
! or-more bunches of 'em, lined up and
| screaming: 'We'll cul-limb so high
I ?illy-aye-lee-hoo. That we touch
| the sky?ul-lay-ee-hoo?lay-he-e-e-e.
I It is needless to add that while HenI
ry is cordially detested by the older
I
RTSOUTH
A-NS PL A YED
] has had various colonels. McCully
j was relieved in Belgium and was
I succeeded by Colonel Wolfe, a regnI
lar, who .commanded the regiment
! all during the great Hindenburg batJ
ties. Colonel Wolfe was relieved in
November or early in December and
sent to America at his own request.
| Lieutenant Colonel Hartigan, anothj
er regular, was then assigned to
S command. A couple of weeks ago he
was succeeded by Colonel Hea'ey,
who was transferred from an Arizona
regiment, in the Fortieth Division.
A few days ago Colonel McCully
drove up in an automobile and
| asked General Lewis to request ilia
I assignment back to 3iis old regiment,
! as he desired to go back to America
| with that regiment. The result was
! that McCully has been sent "back
here and is once more in command
of the One hundred and Eighteenth
Infantry.
"Workman is a major in the One
i Hundred and Eighteenth, having succeeded
Mahon, who was badly
i wounded. McFadden and GiUesp*?
; are both majors in the One Hundred
'and Eighteenth, having won their
| promotion by gallantry in battle.
Colonel Springs has more than made
good. He has been acting division
quartermaster, and *also acting Gl.
Captain Mayer (formerly adjutant of . |
the old Second South Carolina) was
j ammunition officer and assistant Gl. N
j ard has made a good record, Captain
! Porcher (formerly commander of the
Charleston Light Dragoons, now in
the division headquarters troop) is
now commanding Company A. One
Hundred and Thirteenth Machine
Gun Battalion and made a splendid
j record. Major tf ransiora is with trie
One Hundred and Nineteenth infantry,
a North Carolina outfit. Major
O'Driscoll is, I believe, with the One
Hundred and Fifth Ammunition
Train, which has not been with us in
France.
"Lieutenant Colonel Lewis (of the
old First South Carolina) *s attending
a school for field artillery officers.
He made an excellent record at Camp
Sevier, but I do not know what he
did over here. At last accounts Alajor
Marchant was in command of
the amunitfon train Major Silcox
having sent back to the S. O. S. for
other (Juties. Captain Beatty is adjutant
of the One Hundred and Eighteenth
Infantry, Captain Pvles having
been killed at Bohain. Captain
Pete Hudgens was wounded about IS
times, and, I hear, will recover.
"This is about all the news that I
can give you. Things are very quiet
in this little village, where division
headquarters are billeted.
"With kindest regards,
"J. SHAPTER CALDWELL." . .
t
"P. S.?Since writing the above
orders have been received directing
many officers in the Thirtieth Division
who applied for the regular army
to report to the Ninetieth Division
i :? pa a.*u
in ucrmauy IUI umy. siuiuiin uiustJ
ordered are Major Bradford and Captain
Walker, One Hundred and Fifth
Supply Train, Captains Garetty,
Ortman and several others with the
janimunition train and the supply
train whose names I do not recall."
The TSritish Crown Jewels.
Crown jewels have been brought
out of their war time hiding place
and returned to the Tower of Lon- . don,
says a London cable. They were
i not paraded back. In fact, the removal
was so informal and quiet that
no one, perhaps, who saw a couple
of automobiles containing two army
officers in silk hats and frock coats
and derbies suspected that they were
; carrying $30,000,000 wTorth of jewj
elry.
! A peep into one of the cars would
j have revealed a cardboard hat box,
j but the peeper wouldn't have known
i that it concealed the imperial state
, crown. Nor would he have guessed
I that the piece of rough, heavy red
j cloth he was seeing covered the royal
sceptre with its famous Cullinan diamond.
In insignificant looking boxes
and parcels were the other crowns
j coronets and the rest of the royal insignia.
I Windsor castle, about, twenty-five
i miles from London, became the repository
for the jewrels soon after
j German aircraft began to bomb the
I metropolis. They were placed in a
thick wailed stone vault. " \
j folks, if he ever runs for the presi|
dency, he will have the undivided
support of the kids." j
Read The Herald, $2.00 per year.