Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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LAM) SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Clemson College.?Secretary Houston, of the Department of Agriculture, said in an address recently delivered to a conference of editors of agricultural journals: "It would be desirable to facilitate land settlement in more systematic fashion. This has j keen too long left to the haphazard * intervention of private enterprise, and the Nation has suffered not a 'little from irresponsible private direction. 1 think it is high time for the Federal; tnd State governments "both, as well to local communities, to seek to aid land settlement by furnishing actual fecte* reliable information, and agricultural guidance to begining farmers, hd to promote well-considered settle* sent plans. It is particularly vital that the process of acquiring ownership of farmers be encouraged and I lttBtened." These views are. also shared by the department of Labor and of the Interior. Secretary Lane has associat With him, eame of the Dest engi-| Men who hove been connected with . acclamation work of various kind#, The semi-arid lands of the West, the j eat-over and swamp lands of the: South are being visited, that proper j Measures may be taken as soon as possible to render them fit for the pfcrv, and open them for settlement. lit these days of reconstruction, when industry may be disorganized by Ijhe cancellation of Government contracts for its products, and by the demobilization of large bodies both of working men and soldiers, the land beckons to the mar more insistantly I than ever before. It will certainly be j made easier for the man who wishes to ewn a farm to get it on reasonable terms. And these measures cure a far worse evil. They provide the 1M7 best security against the discontent likely to arise from unemploy ! ment and a lack of food. The idle acres' can give healthful and profitable em-1 pioyment to all who can be placed wpon thorny but home ownership must' ,-he the goal, and fair annual profits, 'above a normal standard of living, : Most be the means advanced to 6e-1 ?nW these settlers. Almost every man can find congenial employment at Ids home, if he owns it, or is bethe owner of it A few acres ; ;L; will sofTice to provide food supplies in large part, for the family, and a surplus for market. Organized methods fb-f: of disposing of the surplus in any community will go far towards pro viding funds for the other necessaries of life. | In South Carolina, there are about | * 15,500,000 acres. Two-thirds, or about ; 18,500,000 acres are in farms. One third of the State lies absolutely idle rp fpr agricultural purposes; it consists of roads, towns and cities, and wornout and swamp wood land. ^ Bat of the v 18,500,000 acres in farms, crops are gjrcrwn on less than half. To be exact,! the crops of 1917 were grown on 6,198, 90 acres. Probably at least as much ? % ' ipore can be used for growing Crops and for pastures, but lei us say .there yet remain only f4 - - $000,000 acres in the State fit for > farming. As 35 acres is the size of ? the average farm cultivated, there is fpom then for nearly 60,000 more fans Camilies. What a vast amount of land ettlement could be done in South Carolina; what untold wealth could be added to the property lists, if the local communities, as Secretary Houston suggests, should aid beginning farm-, ore! Federal and State aid in the settle m * A? ?*vr??n mr Knf 01 'IHSC19 IS liT^L^ooai j y vui nothing can be done anywhere unless the people who already own the land ere willing to sell it at reasonable -prices, and to welcome the new seti >v 1 We have perhaps the best all the year climate in the whole country, as Is shown by the location of so many ^ ermy camps in the South. We cer-' tainly have vacant laud in great abundance. It is cheap only because of the eparsity of our population, and their *se of poor agricultural methods. rr It is still comparatively cheap, and mt preyailing prices, is in many parts the State, an attractive investment. But there ought to be in every community, a committee of the Chamber of Commerce, or of the Farmers' "Onion, or of self-appointed citizens." or, at the least, one or two men, whose business it is to find new settlers, to assist them in buying their farms and to make them feel at home among us. It is not necessary to wait upon State or Federal movement. We can begin now by assisting those who have been tenants, and wish to become owners, to find good farms in our own neighborhood at reasonable prices. Certainly we can help these men to join a National Farm Loan Association, and so obtain half the purchase price of their farms at the most favorable rates. To have a share in multiplyig the prosperous contented farm owners of any com ~ o. -var-v 1 arP"fl SftrV niuiiny id IU I urn ? j AVr.0w ice to the State and Nation, formpon them our civilization ultimately rests. That large service every one of us may perform in some measure. A few of us will make some financial profit, by the settlement of our idle lands, but all of us will be increasingly enriched by the fuller, healthier country life consequent upon Their settlement by farm-owners.?W. H. Mills, Professor of Rural Sociology. That a proper field crop rotation will Increase your farm productivity, and that your coi^^* agent will help you plan one? INCUBATORS AND BROODERS FOR PROFITABLE CHICKEN RAISING. Clemson College, S. C.?Recent ly many letters have been re ceived by the Poultry Division asking for information relative to the use ol incubators and brooders in hatching and rearing chickens. The high cos1 of poultry foods and the great demand for fresh eggs and frys have convinced poultry raisers that it will pay to us< a dependable system to obtain chicks this year. tit? J ?;n i lie tnu snuug msu w m uui wvn when we want her to. She and hei friends refuse to go broody in January and February, but they fill every avail able nest as soon as the weather turns warm and the time of hatching the best chickens is over. " My hens would not sit early and 1 could not buy any early sitters," is heard every summer and fall by own ers of little chickens. Any one who likes poultry can op ?rate an incubator successfully. It if necessary to turn the eggs morning and night and fill the lamp once a day It is not necessary to examine a good machine more often than two or three times daily, when the above work can he done. Every incubator is ?quipped with a thermostat to regulate the temperature. The more popular types of kerosene lamp incubators are heated by hot "air, although there are some good styles v.. rtia nirnnl-of l An r\f hrtt watftT uoaim uy tuu vu k/uiuuvu vi. .. wv... The main advantage of the hot air machine is that of durability. The past year has found-the electrie incubator springing- rapidly to the front. This machine can now be obtained for use on any voltage. It is also made to be used with one of the home lighting systems found on many South. Carolina farms. The cost of operating an electric incubator is no greater than that of a lamp machine. The temperature can he maintained at a uniform degree and the machine can be placed in any room of the house. It is usually found that a profitable size incubator to buy is one with a capacity of about 240 eggs. The size containing from 120 to 150 eggs is also popular with poultrymen who do not desire to traise more than 200 or 200 chickens a year. However, a large incubator when only one-half filled w. give as good hatching results as . smaller machine, so that a big machine' gives you an opportunity to hatch eggs for others or hatch sufficient chicks to eeH the surplus to your neighbors. The best size for an electric machine is about 150 eggs. Just now these machines are rather high in price owing to little competition, but it is hoped that within a short time the price of the electric wiil be about the same as the lamp-heated incubator. The better types of incubators are built with douljje walls with one inch or more of insulating material between the walls. This prevents the temperature of the egg chamber, being affect* ed vitally by changes In the outside temperature of the room. The cheaper incubators have simply a single wall or a double wall with a piece of pasteboard between. It does not pay to buy the cheaper incubators made in this way. Some machines. have a separate compartment below the eggs into which the chicks drop as eoon as they are hatched. This Is a convenience, but it is of no special advantage. The average number of chicks hatched from the eggs placed hi an incubator is about one-half. When you buy an incubator it is well to order one or more portable brooders, allowing SO chicks to each brooder. Most of the manufacturers rate the capacity of their brooders at about twioe as many chicks as they will satisfactorily pear. These portable brooders are about two feet in diameter and stand on three cast iron legs. The kerosene lamp is under one side and a woolen curtain surrounds the lower part of the brooder. The baby chicks push ander this woolen curtain and the heat of the lamp keeps the inside of the brooder at the required temperatwo of ninety to ninety-five degrees. It is a simple matter to raise m cold weather almost all the chiekens In a brooder of this kind when it is placed in a bright rocnn. Later on in the season when the days begin to get warm, the portable hover is preferably put m a small wire front house. An inrnha^or ajxi one or more brood- I ers Trill enable any one to batch chicks when he wants them. February and March are the two best hatching months of the spring season. Pullets hatched these months will commence to lay in the early fall and continue to lay during the winter. It is easy to keep a pullet laying during the cold weather hut it is difficult to start I k. young pullet to laying until after the colder weather is past. Then the [>ld hens which have completed their ' molt begin laying. This is why it is i beet to hatch pullets early and have ! them laying when the price of eggs is bo high in the fall. Extension Bulletin 16, "Poultry Culture for South Carolina," which is mailed free to any one by the Extension Service of Clemson "College, contains full directions for operating incubators and brooders. The Poultry Division will be glad to tell any one where the best makes of incubators laid brooders can be obtained. Th^t potatoes and other starchy regetables can save wheat if you use , them in bread or instead of bread? BEST VAR1TIES OF COTTON FOR BOLL WEEVIL CONDITIONS. Clemson College.?The boll weevil has made its appearance in ten counties of South Carolina. In several of these counties the weevil is numerous enough to damage the cotton crop to a consideiable extent in 1919. Consequently, some changes in the method of producing cotton must be made to combat this pest. Among these changes will be the planting of better seed of earlier fruiting varieties than are now generally used. A variety must be used that will begin to fruit early and set J Ktr fVm firaf nf U. gUUU tiup Ul Ul/llO u; tub Hiub August, for after this time the weevils are usually abundant enough to destroy all squares that appear. It should be a good yiehier with a high percentage of lint. A medium size plant is desirable. It should have but 3 or 4 vegetative branches, but fruiting branches should be numerous, both sets of branches coming out near the ground. The cost of growing an acre of cotton from the best seed is no greater than the cost of growing the same acre from inferior seed, but the difference in yield will often be from 300 to 500 pounds of seed cotton per acre in favor of the good seed. At the present price of cotton this would be at least $30.00 per acre,' not counting the seed. The above figures are conservative, for in variety tests .consisting only of varieties consideredt standard for the State, results have been obtained showing a greater difference than above between the highest and lowest yielding varieties, though in many cases the yield of the lowest yielding variety in these tests would be greater than from "gin mixed" seed of inferior varieties commonly used by many growers. Consequently, those who use low grade seed in the weevil infested area will suffer a double loss, while those who use the vest varieties adapted to their sections will lose only to the extent of damage due to the weevils. That many farmers are heginning to realize this fact is indicated by the many inquiries for better varieties and sources of seed. There is no such thing as a "boll weevil proof" cotton. Select a variety that has been tried and has proved itself adapted to the section in which it Is to be grown. Then purchase seed .rom a good reliable breeder as near home as possible; for results show that seed ordered from a distant state, where conditions are entirely different, do not produce as well as native grown seed. x Early fruiting and late fruiting varieties should not be planted in the same community, as the weevils will have had time to multiply in the fruit formed on the early cotton and become numerous enough to destroy practically all fruit as fast as formed on the late variety. During the last two years more than twenty of the best varieties have been tested in Edgefield, Aiken, Barnwell, Hampton, Beaufort, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties. From the results so far obtained and from observation as to fruiting and growth, there are several that seem to be well adapted to these sections. Of the short staple varieties that can be commended for South Carolina conditions, Cleveland Big Boll, Cook, Dixie Triumph, ami Dixie are me principal ones. The first two are weH adapted for all sections of the State, except where the land is wilt-infected. Cleveland is now more generallygrown in the State than any other variety. Several thousand bushels grown and bred in the State are sold every yeaiv in the weevil district further South and it is giving good results. Seed of this variety can be obtained from reliable breeders in the State, who have for several years been selecting and breeding for earlinees. This is considered one of the best varieties yet developed for South Carolina conditions. Cook ranks among the highest yielding varieties in the State, but is net as generally grown, as anthrocoose cr boll rot seems to be worse in this variety than any other. But several breeders have strains that are now practically free from this disease. On wilt-infected land nothing but wilt-resistant varieties should be planted. Of these Dixie Triumph and Dixie have given best results. Dixie Triumph is a new variety developed by a prominent breeder of the State. It is early, with medium size plants, large bolls, and is a good yielder. Seed of this variety cannot be obtained for planting the coming season. Mexican Big Boll and Sawyer are short staple varieties that are early well in the lower counties of the State. Sawyer is a ; semi-cluster cotton with large bolls on medium to small plants. It sets fruit early, matures quickly, but does not ga?.k high in yield, and sheds fruit heavily in unfavorable weather. > Webber 49 and Webber 82 are the earliest long staple varieties. Both are well adapted to the State, fruiting as early as the short staple varieties and frequently yielding as much seed cotton per acre. In securing seed of any of the above varieties get seed that have be?;n bred for earliness from some reliable breeder. The extension Service of Clemson College will furnish farmers with a list of the best sources of seed In the State upon application. That otie of the best ways to market i such crbps as corn, peanuts, b$ans, ii i "oe the hoof"? S7=- ' ' =^| i BUYWAR i SAVINGS ! STAMPS CONSTANTLY i II This Space Patriotically Donated By Chero=Cola Bottlirg'Co. Bamberg, S. C. TAX NOTICE. I The treasurer's office will be open | for the collection of State, county, school and all other taxes from the 15th day of October, 1918, until the 15th day of March, 1919, inclusive. From the first day of January. 1919, until the 31st day of January, 1919, a penalty of one per cent, will be added to all unpaid taxesi From the 1st day of February, 1919, a penalty of two per cent, will be added to all unpaid taxes. From the 1st day of March, 1919, until the 15th day of March, 1919, a penalty of .7 per cent, will be added to all unpaid taxes. THE LEVY. For State purposes 8% mills For county purposes 6% mills Constitutional school tax....3 mills 18 mills SPECIAL SCHOOL LEVIES. ' Hopewell, No. 1 3 mills Midway, No. 2 a...2 mills Hampton, No. 3 2 mills Three Mile, No. 4 2 mills Fish Pond, No. 5 2 mills Hutto, No. 6 2 mills Buford's Bridge, No. 7 2 mills Olar, No. 8 9 mills Salem, No. 9 4 mills St. John's, No. 10 2 mills Govan, No. 11 8 mills Binnaker's, No. 12 3 mills Lemon Swamp, No. 13 4 mills r> 1 xt~ ia 11 millc DaUJUCIg, 1>U. X 1 Oakland, No. 15 8 mills Hunter's Chapel, No. 16 8 mills Colston, No. 18 .....4 mills Clear Pond, No. 19 2 mills. Oak Grove, No. 20 f.A mills Denmark, No. 21 6% mills Ehrhardt, No. 22 13 mills Lees, No. 23 4 mills Heyward, No. 24 2 mills | All persons between the ages of; twenty-one and sixty years of age. except Confederate veterans and sailors, who are exempt at 50 years of age, are liable to a poll tax of one dollar. Capitation dog tax, 50 cents. All persons who were 21 years of age on or before the 1st day of January, 1918, are liable to a poll tax of one dollar, ancl all who have not made returns to the auditor are requested to do so on or before the 1st day of January, 1919. I will receive the commutation i road tax of two ($2.00?) dollars from | the 15th day of October, 1918, until the 1st day of March, 1919. G. A. JENNINGS, Treasurer Bamberg County. Those who that someth: the remarka lizers. Thosefwho ,ra chance nor appreciatior Those who ers now anc RO" I ? 1 I OR ( DI F. S. R< Norfolk, Va. Baltir N. G Columbia Macon, G* , i | I Blank Books at Herald Book Store d1F=?'II' Hf5lalf51H HH=3l[g 1 m ntrvri sts I [ Attention [TJOR safety, comfort and saving, count on the headquarters = just established, a new home of = the famous U Tires and Service y U HI il 2 This news is of big value tc all S P who are interested in the efficiency and comfort of road travel anywhere in this vicinity. i . _ Firestone equipment, Tires, Tubes ; J = and Accessories, lias come to be = [] more and more an essential to safe, jj n satisfactory motoring. And our n service adds further value to the Firestone benefits of Most Miles H per Dollar. Call on us at anytime.* = FAULKNER ELECTRIC SERVICE CO. i Bamberg, S. C. i H * .. ^ " lli are thoughtful have concluded ing more than a chance is behind ' | ble popularity of Royster's ferti?? * * have investigated, find neither J! magic, but simply commonsense , | i of values. ^ are yrudent are placing their ord 1 insisting on being supplied with s * | ? 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