The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, October 25, 1917, Section 2 Pages 9 to 12, Image 9
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Section 2 latubprg fcralb Pages 9 to 12
One Dollar and a Half a Year. BAMBERG, S. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1917. Established 1891.
Fertilizer Situation in The I*. S.
In view of the present urgent need
for the conservation of food and a
greater crop production, a publication
just issued by the United States Xa-j
tional .Museum on "Fertilizers?An
Interpretation of the Situation in
the United States." by Joseph K.j
Pogue, is most timely. The author!
points out clearly and in a manner;
easily understandable by the reader,;
without technical knowledge of!
fertilizers, what raw materials are'
availiable in this country and how:
they may best be recovered and j
manufactured, and he shows definite-1
1
ly what attitude should-be adopted!
by the government towards the new j
fertilizer industries growing out of *
conditions caused by the war. Dr.!
Pogue explains in a general way the i
theories of soil formation and ot'|
plant growth, and shows that under!
prolonged cultivation without the)
addition of fertilizers the soil is ex-J
hausted in respect to three of its j
most important plant foods?pho-j
phorus, nitrogen and potassium. He'
then considers each of these elements j
in turn, describing the sources, available
amounts and ways of increasing!
the output of each, and concludes
by pointing out that the best prog-i
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ress in me leruiuer neiu win tumci
thongli enlightened cooperation be-;
tween the fertilizer industries, the!
government and the consumers.
The soil does two things: It forms
a mechanical medium for supporting i
and protecting the growing plant,
and it supplies the plant with some;
of the chemical materials to be built'
into its structure. In the normal!
course of events, plants spring up,!
live their course, and die, giving;
back to the soil the elements employed
in their life cycle. But where
plants are removed artificially the
balance is destroyed and unless the
necessary chemical elements are
returned to the soil in some form, (
it is soon rendered unfit for further
cultivation. By long experience it
has been learned that those elements
of which the soil is most quickly d?#
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pleted are phosphorus, nitrogen and;
potassium. The fertilizer industry,;
therefore, is at present chiefly con-'
cerned with securing an adequate
supply of the raw material of these;
three substances, and the develop-i
ment of a wider and more intelligent'
use of fertilizer, especially at this!
time when the world war endangers;
certain of the supplies and at the;
same time necessitates an increased i
yield of food.
Phosphorus, in the form of com-!
pounds, enters into the structure ofj
plants chiefly in the seeds and fruit j
and through them into animals, in!
the latter it is an important constit-,
uent of bone and is present also in'
matter, thus being especially import-i
ant to man. The basis of commercial ;
fertilizer is an impure compound of!
phosphorus occurring in nature in;
large masses and known as phosphate
rock, of which the United States is|
the world's greatest producer.!
Among the other sources of phos-j
phorus. fish scrap, cotton seed meal, j
bones, slaughterhouse refuse, and j
guano are the most important, but!
the demand for these substances for
other purposes is fast reducing their1
availiability for fertilizer. The chief
producer of phosphate rock in this
country is Florida, which contributes
7"> per cent, of our annual output of
3,000,000 tons. Here the rock occurs'
in deposits which can be economically
worked and their positions near the;
coast affords cheap transportation to'
manufacturing centers. There are
smaller deposits in Tennessee, South
Carolina, Kentucky, and Arkansas, in
1910 a large belt of country from
Salt Lake City to Helena. .Montana. ;
was found to contain a large amount
of phosphate rock. This field has <
not vet been much developed owing '
to the small local demand for ferti- !
lizer and the long freight haul to the'
East. Phosphate rock to be made; :
suitable for fertilizer has to be treat-;
ed with about an equal amount of sul-; ;
phuric acid, which was. until the 1
war, obtained from pyrite imported ;
from Spain. Since this source has i
been endangered by submarine war-: j
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)UTGROWN ITS NAM
BIG IMPROV
Rest room for Ladies; remod
ommodations for patrons.
PREMIUM
Containing* Prizes and Purse
re ready for distribution.
Horse races. Best and bigge:
as ever played Orangeburg I
(tractions, two bands and two
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A ^ A ^ A A A A A A J
fare, the numerous small deposits of
pyrite in the eastern United States
have had a limited development. The
statement by the government of a
definite postwar policy with regard
to the protection of this new industry
would undoubtedly speed up development
along these lines.
Nitrogen contributes stalk growth
to the plant and in animals enters
into the composition of the proteid;
compounds, of essential importance
in the life processes. The chief source
of nitrogen has long been sodium
nitrate, obtained chiefly from the:
deserts of nothern Chile, but owing
to the demand for this substance for,
use in explosives and to the high
price caused by the royalty imposed
bv the Chilean government, the:
J
nitrogen question has been a prom-'
inent one in this country for some
a th a a f a f tl'a l aI' l" All r AOO I
tliiic. 1 lie ULUC1 t U V_ HI OVIU wu ;
of nitrogen are the atmosphere and i
coal. The recovery of nitrogen as a|
by-product from coal is a growing!
industry, going hand in hand witfflf
a well-balanced growth of the entire,
coal products industry and to reach
its full development must expend:
through a gradual extension of thej
uses of coke tc fuel and power;
purposes, for the recovery of nitro-j
gen is made chiefly from the by-prod-1
uct of coke ovens. The ultimate)
source of nitrogen, however, on j
which the world must eventually)
depend, is the atmosphere. The three j
practicable processes for fixating:
this atmospheric nitrogen have been!
found to be the arc process, the'
cyanamid process, and the Haberi
process. It is a significant fact that!
as soon as the Haber and cyanamid
processes for getting nitrogen for
explosives as well as fertilizer from
the air, had been successfully developed
in Germany, war was declared.
In the United States the need has
for some time been urgent to draw
upon atmospheric nitrogen, l^ast
year Congress appropriated $20,000000
for such a plant, but it has not
yet materialized, presumably because
such an industry, if established
abruptly on such a large scale, would
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er 6th, 7th,
VNGEBURG, S(
E. TH
EMENTS.
eled Cow Barn; Better ac:
LIST.
is amounting to thousands
st Carnival Company that
^aii\ carrying fifteen paid
free acts.
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endanger the whole coal by-product
industry with its far-reaching ramifications,
by setting up in competiton
a non-profit seeking industry.
The third major plant food is
potassium, which contributes stalk
strength and kernel filling -to the
growing plant. The chief source of
potassium before the war was the
great Stassfurt depot in Prussian
Saxony, and the absolute cutting off
of this supply led to an awkward
situation in this country, and the
supply is still inadequate, though we
are now producing potash from a
viriety of sources. Chief among
these are the alkali lakes of the
West, which have been found to be
relatively rich in potassium compounds.
and another important
source is the kelp, a giant seaweed
which grows in considerable abundance
along the Pacific coast from
Lower California to Alaska. Among
other minor sources is the successful
application of a method of recovering
potash out of the dust from the
flues of Portland cement plants and
iron blast furnaces. The most important
question concerning this newindustry
is. what will become of it
after the war, when the importation
of cheap potash from Europe is resumed?
The proper solution of this
problem would seem to be a governmental
subsidy, rather than high
tariff 011 the foreign potash, which
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?> UUIU lCdllU 111 IH51IUI {71 tvgo IV V1IV
farmer and an increase in the price
of food.'
In concluding his interpretation of
the fertilizer situation, the author
states that the responsibilities of the
government in this respect have not
yet been realized. Solution of the
problems should grow out of a policy
of anticipation, not out of 11 lagging
accommodation to passing conditions
One of the most pressing problems is
the development of domestic sources
of supply, not only that a repeittion
of the present situation will be im-J
possible, but also that a more extensive
peace-time production will be the
outgrowth. The American public]
have an interest in this matter. It
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JUin CAKULJ
E STATE FAIR FOR ]
EDUCAT
Crowning of 44 Goddess <
parade.
CITADEL-C
Citadel-Clemson Foot Ba
phy Cup to winner by the (
Big Dance by ladies of the
events.
CONCERTS DAILY BY
OLINA REGIMENTAL I
PIECES. ,
Big Free Acts t
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Must Cut Down.
i Washington, Oct. 19?Any sugar
| famine that hits the United States
i will come because the world's sweet
tooth is filled largely by this country.
The food administration tonight issued
a bulletin showing the vital
need for conservation of sugar and
showed the United States is exporting
18 times as much sugar as before
the war. If the rest of the world is
to receive any sugar at all, Americans
will have to cut down their own consumption,
for supplies from the Belgian,
Austrian and German fields
have been cut off and the Argentine
beet crop lias failed two years successively.
Mr. Hoover lias asked that every
American reduce his use of sugar by
seven ounces weekly, if this were
were done Americans would still be
using 67 pounds per capita per year,
whereas Englishmen are getting only
26 pounds. Frenchmen 18 aud Italians
12. The extent to which the,
English sweet tooth has suffered may;
be seen in the fact that before the!
war it received 92 1-3 pounds of sug-,
ar per year.
The food administration gives the
following figures of the United
States: In 1912,83,747,751 pounds;,
in 1913, 47,987,761 pounds; in 1914,!
72,323,615 pounds; in 1915, 581,-;
710,510, pounds; in 1 91 6, 1,665,895,-!
639 pounds, and in 1917, 1,254,551,i
280 pounds.
! ' ? "
Rural Policeman Held for Killing.
i The coroner's jury which investi-J
gated the killing of Coroner C. A. i
Scott, of Richland county, several;
I miles below Columbia is holding Ru-i
ral Policeman J. \V. Helms jvno was
with the dead man at the time of his
death, for the killing. Helms hasj
I made no statement further than to;
admit, according to witnesses, that hei
fired the fatal shots.
i is their duty to inform themselves j
I in this regard and to increase in;
order to press and shape effective j
; action. |
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LOWER SOUTH CARO
IONAL DAY.
yf Liberty/' Beautiful Flora
1LEMSON DAY.
11 (lame. Presentation of Trolovernor
of South Carolina
Dixie Club, all are big feature
THE SECOND SOUTH CAR
SAND OF TWENTY-SEVEN
it Amuse the fro
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Fought Over a Woman.
J11 these days when aerial duels are
of almost hourly occurrence it may
be interesting to recall the circumstances
of the first conflict of this
nature. This combat, which was the
result of a quarrel between two
Parisians, .M. de Grandpre and M. le
Pique, over a lady engaged at the
Imperial Opera, was fought in 1808.
The two rivals having agreed to
settle their respective differences by a
duel, decided that the fight should
take place in the air. Two balloons
were constructed, identical in every
detail, and on the appointed day
Grandpre and his second entered the
car of one baloon and le Piaue the
other. The scene of the ascent was
the garden of the Tuileries, and
thousands of spectators journeyed
from all parts of Paris to witness the
novel event. The rivals had agreed
to fire at each other's baloon, with
the idea of bringing it to earth by
the escape of gas.
When the baloons were some eighty
yards apart and about half a mile
from the surface a signal to begin
firing was given. M. de Grandpre
sent a ball through le Pique's baloon,
which collapsed with such frightful
rapidity that le Pique and his second
were dashed to pieces. De Grandpre,
however continued his ascent, and
terminated his voyage at a spot some
twenty-one miles from Paris.
Jerry Moore Goes to War.
Jerry Moore is to go into the army.
He has been drafted from Florence
county, and has been certified by the
district board of the county board.
Recently Jerry has been living at
Dodson, La., but his name was drawn
from Florence county. He stood his
physical examination at Dodson, and
has been accepted. It will be recall
ed that Jerry Moore made the world's
record for the best yield of corn on
an acre, 228 bushels and three quarters,
in 191 0.
Many men are but stuffed suits of
clothes.
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