The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, October 25, 1917, Page 8, Image 8
I
?jje PamfcergHerafo
Thursday, October 25, -917.
SHORT LOCALS.
Brief Items of Interest Throughout
the Town and County.
!
Numbers of Carlisle students are
enjoying the State fair in Columbia;
this week.
i
The Bamberg Banking Company!
has subscribed $10,000 to the Liber-i
ty loan, in addition to the first sub-1
scription of $r>,000.
?
Mr. (J. Frank Bamberg is having
the old flooring in his place of bus-j
inpss on Main street torn out and isj
replacing it with a splendid concrete;
floor.
Lieutenant Governor Andrew J J
Bethea made a short talk to the
students of Carlisle school in the.
school auditorium here Wednesday;
morning.
The first frost of the season wasj
seen Monday morning. A heavy man-!
tie of white was seen, although it;
was not what is generally called a
"killing" frost.
A delightful fish fry was given atj
Edisto river last Friday night in honor
of the new Baptist minister. Rev. j
George P. White, at which the dea-j
cons of the church were present.
Mr. J. Harry Murphy has begun j
the erection of a nice one-story brick
building on his lot on the east side of
Main street between the corner of
Elm street and the moving picture
house. The building will be rented
as a store.
Albert Murdaugh, one of the Raniberg
negroes who went to the training
camp for negro officers at Des
Moines. Iowa, has been commissioned
as a second lieutenant in the army.
His mother. Belle Murdaugh.
lives here in town.
The Herald was in error last week
wyhen it was stated that Mr. J. W.Jennings
had resumed his old duties!
as head of the street department oni
the Bamberg police force. Mr. Jen-j
nings will be no longer connectedi
with the>iocal force after Nov. 1st.
Mr. Calvin Rentz. who resides on j
Route 2. was in our office Friday.!
Mr. Rentz will be S2 years old within
a few days. He has been partially
paralyzed on one side, and his arm
on the other side has been broken
in three places. But with all this
he is pretty active for one of his age.
The many friends of Mrs. J. B. Felder
and her mother, Mrs. Brabham,
both formerly of Bamberg, but now of
_.:i. * ~
V^OJJe, t\ii| reditu iu icni 11 i/i me. 41
serious illness with dyptheria. They
are at the home of Mrs. Felder in
Cope, where trained nurses and several
physicians are doing all that can
be done for a rapid recovery.
.Mr. \\\ K. Stokes, who some time
ago was appointed county farm demonstration
agent for Edgeleld county,
'eft last week for Columbia, where
is doing duty with the other agents j
of the State, at the State fair. At the j
close of the fair he will proceed to!
Edgefield to take up his duties there. I
The many friends of Mr. Stokes and j
family t regret their removal from!
Bamberg.
) As a result of the heavy government
tax on tobacco of all kinds that
luxury in all forms has increased con-j
siderably in price recently. As is al-i
ways the case, the consumers arej
paying the difference. Cigarettes)
which used to sell for five cents aj
package are now retailed at six cents j
and the regular ten-rent packages
are sold for twelve cents, and the
same is true of smoking tobacco.
It is unfortunate that the men in
charge of the State fair and those in
charge of the Georgia-Carolina fair
should have selected the same days
on which to hold their respective festivals.
This has never occurred before.
the dates having heretofore been
one week apart, and giving many people
in #this section an opportunity to
take in both. For the good of the
fair associations it should not happen
again.
On Monday, the first day of the
Liberty loan drive in Charleston,
more than two million dollars worth
of bonds were purchased by the citizens
of that city. That speaks well
for the business judgment and patriotism
of the old town, and we hope
f the good work will continue until the
campaign is ended, and maybe it will
' furnish an inspiration for the citizens
of Bamberg and some other towns
that are lagging to be up and doing.
I
The Baptist church here is undergoing
repairs, especially to the stee-i
pie. which was struck by lightningj
last summer and badly damaged. The I
regular weekly prayer services Thurs-'
do.' nierlit onrl !
uu T un j
this account were held in in the;
court house, and the Baptist services!
will continue to be held in the court
house until the repair work i^ suffi-i
ciently advanced to return to the;
church. However, it is hoped the!
work will be sufficiently completed toj
hold services in the church next Sunday.
COMMON PLKAS COl'IiT.
Two Kailroad Cjises Tried.?Hinuant
Awarded $3,000.
The court of common pleas conven-i
ed here .Monday morning with Judge i
T. S. Sease. of Spartanburg, on the;
bench. Business was promptly gone
into, as is usually the case when
Judge Sease presides, arfid the lawyers
reported ready upon the tirst case being
called for trial. This was a ?uit;
asking fof $f?0,000 damages against
the Southern railway, the plaintiff be-j
ing a young man. Mr. Herbert V.
Hinnnnt of Riderewav. a brother of!
Mr. H. L. Hinnant, who is assistant
postmaster at Bamberg. The plaintiff
alleged personal injuries in that
he was terribly hurt, burned and
scalded in a wreck while riding on i
the engine of a freight train with
the consent of the engineer. The|
wreck occurred near his home in I
September. and for some time
.Mr. Hinnant's life was despaired of.
The case required all day Monday
and consumed a part of Tuesday. The
jury remained in their room all of
Tuesday night, and Wednesday morning
a verdict for $3,000 against the
defendant railroad was returned. The
defendant's attorneys gave notice of
appeal.
The next case on the roster wasi
that of Miss Eliza Cary Graham,
daughter of H. M. Graham. Esq., of
this city, against the Seaboard Air
Line railway and the Pullman company.
jointly. This case was entered
into immediately at the close of the
case above mentioned, and lasted until
the dinner hour Wednesday. The
plaintiff sued for $30,000 damages
it allpo'pd resulted from a
trip which she took last Christmas
with her father to Xew York city. It
was alleged that Miss Graham, who
is a student at Lander college, Greenwood.
was wrongfully ejected from
the train at Alexandria. Va., on the
return trip home. At the close of the
testimony in the case upon motion of
the defendants' attorneys, the court
directed a verdict in favor of both
defendants.
After the dinner hour Wednesday
the next case taken up was that of
Ella Morris against the Seaboard Air
Line railway for alleged water damage
to land. This case is still in process
of trial as we go to press.
Court will probably continue
through the greater part of next
week.
Second Contingent to Leave Saturday.
The next call of drafted men from
Bamberg county to Camp Jackson
near Columbia will include the second
contingent of negroes, and they
will leave here on next Saturday, the
27th. on the S:43 Southern train, arriving
in Columbia for lunch, which
will be furnished by the government.
The call is made for ten per cent, of
- ...-u: ?i. ,, It
llie lUlctl l( (IUIct, vviiiun mcaiia mai i -j
men will have to go at that time.
In order to he sure of having the required
IS men the local board has
notified 2:5 men to report' and be
ready to make the trip. Five of
these will be alternates, and the Tas:
five men whose names are mentioned
below will not have to go unless
some of the others fail to make the
trip. The alternates not going this
time will therefore be among the
first to have to go in the next call of
negroes. The 2:i men notified for service
are as follows:
Chas. Owens, '
Garris Kirkland,
Pearly Bennett,
Win. G. Carter,
Sullivan Myers,
John Sanders.
Moses Green.
McKinley Grimes,
Isaiah Williams,
Sam Rivers.
James Grant.
Stanley Moore.
C!o iiinc.1 Wo lie
*> J CI ill vl VJ I ?? V1*U,
Walter Kirkland,
Peter Carter.
Pen Kinard,
Grant Elliott.
.Marion Winn.
Hobert .Myers,
Willie Orr,
Ed. Izlar.
.Murray Smalls.
Johnnie Washington.
A Bennettsville dispatch of Thursday
says: The McLendon evangelistic
campaign for five weeks in Bennettsville
will close next Sunday night.
There will be three services Sunday.
Thousands are attending. Hundreds
from North Carolina increase interest
at each service. A committee of leading
business men do tlie planning and
appoint the committees and there has
never been any religious meeting in
this section of the State to compare
with this one.
Senator Smith has announced examinations
of applicants for appointment
to Annapolis to fill the vacancies.
to be held October 24 at Chester.
Charleston. Greenville. Greenwood.
Florence. Orangeburg, and Sumter.
Senator Tillman has announced examinations
for West Point and Annap- ;
olis to be held in Columbia on November
:!d.
LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGN.
People of Bamlterg County Subscribe
$107,800 to Yesterday.
The Liberty loan drive has been on
in full force this week in Bamberg
county. Tuesday night Lieutenant
Governor Andrew J. Bethea, of Columbia.
met in conference with the
leaders in the movement here, being
sent out by the head office at Columbia.
Although Bamberg county failed to
show up anything like oTir full allotment.
still, Mr. Bethea seemed to
be pleased with the work being done
and well satisfied with the men in
charge of the local situation. He re
marked that Bamberg: is a small county
and had been given quite a large
allotment. The latest official report
shows that $107,800 worth of bonds
have been subscribed for in this county.
Since this report probably a few
tllbusand more have been sold. The
subscriptions are divided up as follows:
Bamberg $ 56,800
Denmark 42,000
Ehrhardt 6,000
Olar 2,000
Total $1 07,800
As stated above, smaller additional
amounts from most of these places
have not yet been reported. The
amount of $56,S00 tor the town of
Bamberg was obtained chiefly
through the Peoples Bann and the
Bamberg Banking Co.. the Bamberg
Bank subscriptions running up to
$51,550 and those of the Peoples
Bank amounting to $5,200.
Included in the total of $51,550
secured through the Bamberg Banking
Co. is one subscription of $500
made by .Mr. H. C. Jennings, credit
for which he desired should be given
to the 81st division, Camp Jackson.
Thus the net subscriptions to
which the county will get credit is
$107,300.
Bamberg county should make a
better showing than this, as our allotment
by the authorities based on
bank deposits is $240,000. Howev
er, the farmers, who are so well fixed
at the present time, have failed
utterly to respond to the call, which
does not augur very well for their
spirit of patriotism or business judgment.
Nevertheless, ;Mr. Bethea said
that he found the same -situation in
regard to the farmers lagging in this
movement of so much importance to
be not alone in Bamberg county, but
all over the State.
I>. A. II. Meeting.
The regular monthly meeting of
the lbcal chapter of the Daughters
of the American Revolution was held
in Denmark last Friday afternoon,
with Mrs. Sturgeon as the hostess.
A fairly good attendance was had
and a most enjoyable and profitable
afternoon was spent. Some matters
of importance were discussed and
planned and Mrs. Sturgeon also proved
herself to be a charming hostess.
Dainty refreshments were served.
The meeting was attended by Mrs.
J. R. Owens and Mrs. \V. D. Rhoad
from here.
Carlisle School Affairs.
Carlisle school, October 21.?This
promises to be the banner year for
Carlisle. The enrollment is the largest
in the history of the school. The
two dormitories for boys are full.
Only five places are vacant in the
girls' dormitory.
Carlisle boasts of the strongast faculty
she has ever had. The headmaster,
Prof. J. C. Guilds, is very much
pleased with his co-workers, .Messrs.
W. C. Duncan, Z. L. .Madden. C. F.
Brooks, S. R. Sheider. C. S. Major
and Miss May Bowman. Everybody
is down to work and good results are
being realized in the class rooms. Military
instruction is a new feature this
year.
The literary societies have elected
officers as follows:
Kilgo society?President. E. Limehouse:
vice president, E. Emanuel:
secretary, L. Attie: treasurer. J.
Smith: first critic, G. Smith: second
critic. J. Culler: first censor. Luther:
second censor, B. Poston.
Beach society?President. H. Dangerfield:
vice president, R. M. McCants:
secretary, Gooding; first critic,
Cecil Renold|; second critic. Freeman:
first censor, P. Sanders: second
censor. H. Pyatt.
The first meeting of the Y. P. C. A.
was held on last Friday evening.
Sondlv Lever was elected president
for the year. At this meeting Prof.
.Madden spoke.
Coach .Major has been doing some
hard work with his foot ball squad,
and he says he has material for a
winning team.
The girls' basket ball practice, under
Coach Whitaker, has been going
on daily. The girls seem to be very
enthusiastic over the prospects of a
3 A ...
gOUU IfUlU.
Profs. Guilds. Duncan and Sheider
attended Indian Fields camp meeting
recently.
Prof. Brooks spent last week-end
at his home in Laurens.
Prof. Guilds spoke at St. Stephens
last Sunday.
Bamberg Boys Transferred.
A letter from .Mr. L. S. Bellinger,
who left here 011 September " th with
the nine men as Bamberg county's
first contingent to the new national
army, states that Mr. Bellinger and
all the other eight men of the first
contingent except Mr. E. H. Henderson
have been transferred from Camp
Jackson near Columbia to Camp
Sevier near Greenville, where they
are now stationed. Mr. Henderson
is still at Camp Jackson. Mr. Bellic<
r?<-?w a monihpr nf Comnanv E.
*o au ? m w v. s w ,
10."?th regiment of engineers. He
also said that the change from the
wooden buildings at Camp Jackson
to the tents at Camp Sevier was not
very pleasant for the boys, as it had
been raining and very disagreeable
weather ever since their arrival at
Greenville. He said, too, that the
opinion of the men at Camp Sevier
is that they will go to France in
January next.
Announcement. Party.
Miss Mamie Hartzog was hostess
at a prettily appointed little party
of friends Thursday afternoon at her
home on Elm street to announce the
engagement of her sister, Miss Annie
Hartzog, to Mr. Duncan Clifton
Murph, of Orangeburg. The guests
were first entertained by an enjoyable
romance contest. Pictures were
strung across the room and answers
1,1A In fVin TTWll O 71 CD VVOTP jHVPIl
dUlld UIO LU 111C * Uiiiuuvv T? V 0 . . ~?.
Miss Alma Black won the prize. She
very poetically arranged her answers,
fitting them to suit the bride-elect
and her fiance. The room was prettily
decorated with cut flowers and
ferns. A big heart was cut with
small hearts in it to be shot with a
bow and arrow. Those piercing the
heart nearest the centre were Misses
Eva Howell and Pearl Counts.
A delightful ice course was served,
and then punch. Toasts were given
the bride-elect, to which she blushinglv
responded in a very gracious
manner. While the punch was being
served, dainty litttle pink silk
. bags were given the guests. Upon
opening them a card was seen on the
corner of which was a cat?"the cat
was out of the bag: looking further
the announcement of the approaching
marriage of Miss Hartzog to Mr.
Murph was given: also th^date, Nov.
: 28th. The good wishes of all were
, showered upon Miss Hartzog, who
was presented with a beautiful bride's
book. Miss Hartzog is the attractive
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. V. J.
Hartzog and is a graduate of Columbia
college. Mr. Murph is an enterprising
young merchant of Orange
1 burg.
Revival at Fairfax.
Beginning next Sunday morning.
i October 28, there will be revival ser:
vices conducted at the Fairfax Bap[
tist church. The regular hours will
be observed for the Sunday services.
" After Sunday the hours will be 3:30
p. m. and 7:30 p. m. The pastor will
be assisted by Dr. Ernest J. Smith,
pastor of the South Main Street Baptist
church. Greenwood. Dr. Smith
has the reputation of being one of
the strongest preachers in the State,
1 and he has been very successful :::
evangelistic work. The public is
most cordially invited to attend all
services.
Carlisle Again Defeated.
Carlisle was defeated here last Saturday
by the Savannah high school
in the first foot ball, game of the
season in Bamberg. Only one toucliHnwn
was made, and Savannah fail
' ed to kick goal, the final score being
six to nothing. The teams were evenly
matched in weight and the game
was hard fought throughout. The
i Savannah boys appeared to be well
coached, while the Carlisle players
showed lack of experience, but improved
as the game progressed. The
lone touchdown was made shortly after
the game opened in the first quarter,
after Carlisle had fumbled and
Savannah recovered the ball. Neither
team was able to gain to any extent
through the line and no very
spectacular runs were made. After
the first period when the touchdown
was made the ball was never closer
than twenty yards to either goal. The
bright.star of the game was Turnipseed
at quarterback for Carlisle, who
made some wonderful tackles and
also played well offensively. He opened
the fourth period by going 1S
yards on the first two plays, the best
?;u ~ .......... iritl< tho avponh'nn
i", ct 1II S UI LIIC Sail,c ">ui v --^
of one forward pass. Luther in the
backfield for Carlisle broke lip several
plays for Savannah and Sanders
and .Manuel in the line also played
j well. For the winners Morris at
centre and Smith at quarterback
both did good work. The officials
were: Referee. Harley. of Wofford;
umpire. Whitaker. of Wofford, and
headlinesman, Rowell. of Clemson.
Itaiiiberg (Cotton Market.
i
Quotation for Wednesday. October,
24, at close of market:
Middling 28*4 |
BAM15KRG CHAIXGA XGS. .
{ Re|xut, of State Board of Charities
and Corrections.
The following is a report of the
j condition of the Bamberg county
ehaingangs issued by the State Board
of Charrities and Corrections. The
inspection was made on July 10.
1017: r
Mr. J. R. Morris, foreman. Convicts
present, 1 negro woman, and
24 negro men, of whom 4 negro men
are trusties.
Management and Equipment.
The supervisor should not receive
any more negro women as convicts at
either of his ehaingangs. Section
104 criminal code of 1912, requires
the separation of sexes and races on
county ehaingangs. The requirement
as to the separation of sexes
non haot Ho mot hv con H i 11 cr t'omulo
v-axi utot ui^v uj i vii*M4v
convicts to the county jail to serve
their sentences. At this chaingang
the law requiring the separation of
sexes was being violated by allowing
the negro woman to carry water to
the negro men. Her presence in
camp was also objectionable and demoralizing.
The cooking at this
camp is done out of doors. This
usually results in the waste of food,
especially in rainy weather, and in
its poor preparation. The supervisor
has neglected to keep in his office a
record of convicts. The ration of the
convicts is rather poorly balanced
and lacks variety. Three convicts i
are allowed to bathe in the same tub
of water at this chaingang.
Recommendations to Supervisor and
Commissioners.
1. As to "Kitchen"?Have a kitchen
built for this chaingang. The
best type of kitchen is a screened,
wooden car.
2. As to "Records"?Have kept
in the office of the supervisor in a
suitable book a record of the convicts j
on this gang which will show thei
name, race, sex and age of each, the
date of his commitment, the length"j
of his sentence, the date of his dis-|
charge, and the reason for his dis-j
| charge. i
3. As to "Convicts' Food and!
; Feeding"?Give the convicts a well!
j balanced and varied ration. Wheat j
I bread should be given them at least j
! once a day and fresh meat or fish at;
,
! least once a week,
i 4. As to "Classification as Required
by the Law"?Obey the law
by requiring the separation of sexes
and races on county chaingangs.
Recommendations to Foreman.
1. As to "Convicts' Quarters"?
Have the blankets used by the con/
victs washed regularly once a month
instead of once every two or three;
months.
2. As to "Disposal of Sewerage"j
?Before the sewerage vessel is puti
into the convicts' quarters at night |
have its bottom covered with water i
to a depth of three or four inches,'
}
to which add a little kerosene oil.
When the fecal matter is dumped j
into the sewerage pit in the niorn-j
ing have it covered with three or:
four inches of loose earth. The sew-1
erage pit should not be located nearer
than l-">0 yards to the camp site.
The pit ought to be burned out once
a week with straw and oil.
3. As to "Personal Hygiene"?
Stop the filthy practice of allowing!
three convicts to bathe in the samej
tub of water. Clean water should j
be provided for each convict to bathe j
in.
Putting these recommendations into
effect will make for the better
care of your convicts and consequently
enable us to increase your score.
Score cards attached show how the
gangs compare under our standards.
ALBERT S. .JOHNSON,
Secretary.
Columbia. S. G\. July 10. 1917.
Bamberg County Chaingang, .Mr.
J. R. Morris. Foreman:
I. County Commissioners and Chaingang:
SCORES
Possible Actual
1. The camp and its
equipment.
(1) Guards' quarters.... 25 22
(2) Convicts' quarters.. 1 05 62
(3 ) Kitchen 50 3
(4 ) Storeroom 15 15
(5 I Stock adequately sheltered
5 3
2. The Convicts.
(1) Medical attention.... 65 14
(2) Records of convicts.'. 30 0
(3) Convicts' -food and
feeding 70 50
(4) Classification as required
by law 60 30
( 5 ) Ten per cent, off tor
good conduct 50 50
3. Miscellaneous 25 6 ^
l Total score under Section
I) 500 266
II. Foreman's Management: Meth
ods and Results:
1. Camp and equipment:
conditions.
( I ') Camp grounds 10 7
(2) Guards' quarters .... 10 JO
(3) Convicts' quarters .. 80 61
(-I > Kitchen and equipment
1.7 14
(5) Storeroom 10 10 j
(6) Stock 5 5
2. Camp Sanitation ] <
"... t. : <
Health Officer for County. ^
At a meeting of tiie Bamberg County
.Medical association, held here i
Wednesday night of last week, it was |
decided to employ a regular health
officer for this county, provided the
same will meet with the approval of
the citizens generally. The matter
will be submitted to the people eith- ^
er by petition or vote at an early
date. This step forward has proved
beneficial in other counties of the
State, and has been agitated here for
some time past. It is believed the
idea will be popular with the general
public. The man employed must be
a regular licensed physician and will
probably come from another county
than Bamberg. He will not be permitted
to practice his profession at *
all, but will be paid a regular salary
of $1,800 a year, and will be required
to devote practically his whole ^
time to the betterment of our people
from the standpoint of health and
hygiene. j
The secretary of State has issued J
a charter to the Rizer Cotton company,
of Olar, with a capital stock ^
of $25,000. The officers of the corporation
are C. F. Rizer, president,
secretary and treasurer, and Mrs. C.
B. Rizer, vice president.
The big railroad cases being tried
in court here this week brought num- ^
bers of witnesses and out of town
attorneys to Bamberg.
(1) Water supply; source
unsuspicious 30 30
(2) Disposal of sewer- J
age 50 29
(3) Disposal of manure.. 30 0
(4) Disposal of kitchen
refuse 10 6
3. The Convicts.
(1) Personal hygiene .... 75 58
(2) Discipline 150 129
(3) Records 25 13 /
" '
(Total score under Sec- v
tion II) 500 372 ***
: i
Complete score on this M
chaingafig 1000 638
ALBERT S. JOHNSTONE,
> Secretary. J
Columbia. S. C., July 10, 1917.
Bamberg County Chaingang. Mr.
W. G. Kirkland, Foreman:
I. County Commissioners and - M
Chaingang: SCORES
Possible. Actual.
1. The camp and its
equipment
(1 ) Guards' quarters .... 25 20
(2) Convicts' quarters ..105 64
(3) Kitchen 50 11 v
(4) Storeroom 15 5
(5) Stock adequately
sheltered 5 3
2. Convicts.
(1) Medical attention .. 65 14
(2) Records of convicts.. 30 0
(3) Convicts' food and
feeding 70 50
< 4 ) Classification as required
by law 60 60
'(5) Ten per cent, off for
good conduct 50 50
3. Miscellaneous 25 8 ^
(Total score under secsection
1 ) .: 500 285
II. Foreman's Management: Methods
and Results: a
1. Camp and equipment: / V
conditions.
(1) Camp grounds 10 10
(2) Guards' quarters .... JO 1 10
(3) Convicts' quarters .. 80 65
(4) Kitchen and equipment
15 13
(5) Storeroom 10 8
(6) Stock 5 5
2. Camp Sanitation
(1) Water supply: source
unsuspicious 30 25
(2) Disposal of sewerage
50 29 .
(3) Disposal of manure.. 30 " 1
(4 > Disposal of kitchen
refuse 10 6
3. The Convicts
(1) Personal hygiene .... 75 63
(2) Discipline 150 133
(3) Records 25 11
(Total score under section
II) 500 379
Complete score on this
chain gang 1000 664 ^
ALBERT S. JOHNSTONE,
Secretary.
^SPECIAL NOTICES. M
Advertisements Under This Head 25c. '
?"? rtr **T T ?
r or iso v% ui'U9 ur uc?<
Notice?Choice lot of farm land
for sale. Call on J. T. O'NEAL,
Real Estate Agent, Bamberg, S. C.
For Sale?12 room residence on
Railroad avenue. Apply to MRS. G.
W. GARLAND. Bamberg, S. C. . It
Wanted?We want to buy sweet
potatoes. Write or wire us for prices.
WILLIAMS CO, Greenville, S. C. 11-2 %
For Sale?A small stock of mer- %
chandise located in Bamberg. Can
give possession of building until Jan.
1st. XYZ, care The Herald. It
For Sale?Lots at Denmark for ^
sale, varying in size from 20 x 100
to 60 x 200, and in prices from one
hundred to two hundred and fifty dollars.
C. H. DORSETT, Savannah,
5 A. 11-15
. . d
.1. 'l&'r- j..'
- 1 - .x
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