The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, December 07, 1916, Page 2, Image 2
PROMISES REPARATION.
If Error Was Made by Submarine Berlin
Government Will Punish.
Washington, Dec. 1.?Count von
Bernstorff, the German ambassador,
delivered to Secretary of State Lansing
today Germany's reply to the
American request for information
concerning the sinking of the British
steamer Marina, with the loss of six
American lives.
The German submarine commander
reported that he attacked the
Marina in the belief that it was a
transport. The German foreign of
fice through Count von Bernstorff
asked for the information in possession
of this government, in order
that the exact status of the vessel
might be cleared up, as its information
was not complete.
Germany also, it is understood, assured
the United States that if an
error had been made by the submarine
commander, full reparation, as
well as apology; would be made immediately,
without waiting for a demand
by this country. It was ber
lieved also that the submarine commander
would be punished if it is
proved that a mistake was made by
him.
The Marina's record is believed to
have been clouded, and it is understood
that this government is not in
possession of absolute proof of its
peaceable character. It was reported
in London soon after the sinking of
this ship that it was believed to have
been previously in the British transPQrt
service.
After Count von Bernstorff, who
asked for the interview with Secretary
Lansing, had left the State department
today, Mr. Lansing went to
the white house, where he submitted
the German reply to President Wilson.
It was said that the president
had no objection to the State department's
furnishing Germany with the
information sought, and it will be
transmitted by Count von Bernstorff
immediately to Berlin foreign office.
The impression was general in administration
circles that no serious
crisis would arise from the Marina
incident.
It was recalled that in the American
note to Berlin in the Sussex case
Germany was informed that a severance
of diplomatic relations would
result if she conducted submarine
war upon merchantmen without
warning. It was not believed then,
however, and is not thought now, that
mistakes could always be avoided,
and it was intimated that proof of
Germany's intention not to violate
the rules of law is found in the factj
that although her submarines have|
sunk hundreds of ships since the |
pledge was given, there has hereto- j
fore been no proof that the promise
was broken.
Think Germ of Scourge Found.
Rochester, X. Y., Dec. 1.?In the
laboratories of the famous Mayo j
clinic here, a micro-organism has'
been discovered which is believed by
investigators in the department of
pathology to be the crusative agent
of infantile paralysis?the dread disease
which last summer killed or
<
crippled nearly 20,000 American ba- '
bies.
With" customary scientific reserve,
Dr. E. C. Rosenow, who is in charge 1
of the experiments, will not yet assert
positively that the germ which!'
he and his associates. Dr. E. B. j J
Towne, of Boston, and Dr. G. W.
Wheeler, of Xew York, have succeeded
in isolating, is the germ of in
fantile paralysis, but in what he;
terms a preliminary note," that hasj|
been presented to the State medical!
society, it is shown that experiments '
during the past few months all point
in this direction.
If it be true that the agent of the
disease has thus been found and catalogued?and
there is no real doubt '
in the minds of the scientists ac- {t
quainted with the experiments that ?
this has been done?then half of one '
of the greatest battles in modern
medicine already has been won. ,
' 1 ? >-? *** ? ^ Aa?? mm a V\ /\ i Y~*
inert; remains, ui tuuise, tuc imyvi- <
tant task of developing a serum or a
vaccine, or perhaps both, with which <
immunity may be established in liu- '
man beings, but when the germ has
been tagged this at once becomes
possible.
It is entirely within the range of
probability that before another summer
comes the world may hear that
infantile paralysis definitely has been
relegated to the category of such
diseases as dipththeria. smallpox and
other readily controlled afflictions.
With the memory of last summer's
horror still fresh in the public mind,
no more important piece of news
could be presented to Americans.
Because of the high hopes which
the discovery of some mistake or
broken link in the present chain of
scientific evidence would dash, those
interested in the experiments at
Rochester are especially restrained
in making announcements. Nevertheless.
Dr. Rosenow's report cannot
hut have the effect of creating intense
public interest in the outcome
of further experimentation with curative
vaccines and serums. It is
known that a quantity of these already
have been prepared and are employed
upon animals at the .Mayo
laboratories.
What is described as a "peculiar
polymorphous streptococcus" has
been isolated by the men, often in
large numbers, from the throat, tonsils
and abscesses in the tonsils of
cases of acute infantile paralysis.
The same germ has been obtained
from the ventricular fluid after death
and the blood of a living patient- in
one case. The colonies of one streptococci
thus isolated after emulsion
in the sterile air chamber, are in each
instance described as consisting of
"fine, slightly green colonies." In
different culture, the germ has assnmpH
different sizes ADDarentlv it
thrives more on some than on others.
In some cases it is so small as to be I
quite invisible under even the most
powerful microscope and easily filter-!
able through dense porcelain. In
others it is readily discerned and in
still others it has assumed a size at
least two-thirds larger than that
which represents its "lowest visibility,"
as the naval officers say.
Succeeding steps in the experimentation
disclose as fascinating a chain
of circumstantial evidence as anything
ever devised by the creator of
Sherlock Holmes. Inoculation of
rabbits, dogs and monkeys with the
germ taken from human beings has
been followed in every case by the
onset of what is called characteristic
poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis.
The symptoms produced in the
animals are in every respect the same
as those witnessed in human beings.
Cultures made from dogs and rabbits
dead of the disease, when injected
into other dogs and rabbits,
have produced instant and fatal attacks
of infantile paralysis.
Indeed, there is apparently no
missing link in the chain between the!
"fine, non-adherent slightly green" |
colonies or streptococci observed un- j
der the microscope and the onset of
the disease in animals after it is in- j
jected either in the veins or spinal j
cord. Furthermore it has been not-;
ed by the investigators that young;
animals always were found more
susceptible to the germ than older
ones, just as children more frequent-j
ly catch the disease than grown peo-i
pie.
Summing up the results of their
labors the three doctors say:
"We have isolated a peculiar streptococcus
from throats, tonsils, abscesses
in tonsils and from the central
nervous system in cases of poliomyelitis.
Paralysis has been produced
in animals of various species
by intravenous and intracerebral injection
of cultures of this organism
and lesions of the gray matter of the
nervous system have been demonstrated.
From the nervous system
of these animals, the streptococcus j
has been isolated in pure culture,
while their other tissues were steril^, I
it is remarkably polymophorous and j
appears to grow large or small ac-'
cording to the medium in which it is;
grown, even after passage through
a Berkefeld filter.
"Using the organism in its large
form, paralysis has been consistently
produced in animals known to be insusceptible
to innoculation with material
from epidemic polimyelitis as
heretofore practiced. After paralysis
had been produced in a series of
three rabbits, the strain caused characteristic
paralysis and lesions of
poliomyelitis in monkeys. It appears
to us that the small, filtered organism,
which has generally been accepted
as the cause of poliomyelitis
may be the form which this streptococcus
tends to take under anaerobic
conditions in the central nervous
system and in suitable culture mediums,
while the larger and more
typically streptococcic forms, which |
investigators have considered contaminations,
may be the identical organism
grown larger under suitable
conditions."
Dr. THOMAS BLACK, JR.
DENTAL SURGEON.
Graduate Dental Department University
of Maryland. Member S. C.
State Dental Association.
Office opposite new post office and
^ver office of H. M. Graham. Office
hours, 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.
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