Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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r MOSQUITO AND FLY DEADLY. Dr. A. E. Baker Tells of Dangers From These Two Common Pests. i-i' Dr. A. E. Baker, at the annual Atlanticville Improvement society meeting, delivered the following interesting address on "Public Health?Its Relation to Sanitation and the Prevention of Diseases," the society unanimously requesting that it be published: "This is one of the most vital subjects of the age in that it pertains to the health and longevity of man's life," said Dr. Baker. "In proportion ,4^ to the advancement of the science of medicine, we are daily becoming more thoroughly acquainted with ^ the causes of diseases, the source and nature thereof. ^ "As an evidence of the progress of this age, every State in the union has a board of health, composed of many of the best medical minds. In this way the different soils and climates which are associated with special diseases are carefully studied. The health of a community is an asset to its financial progress. As an example: The lower section of South Carolina has not yet developed or ; kept pace with the other portions of the State in the development of its ; resources, because of the malaria which exists. "This ie a disease that is most prevalent with us and should be most ; carefully considered. The others equally so are: Typhoid fever, hookworm, tuberculosis, yellow fever and 0;\ intestinal diseases. All of these diseases are preventable?in that we know the cause of each one and how conveyed to man. Relation of Mosquitoes to Diseases. "That mosq4uitoes spread disease had been suspected for some time, even as far back as the time of the Br earliest medical writers, when the work of Ross in 1897 definitely proved this fact in the case of malaria fever. B "It is a fact that malaria cannot ^^Vbe transmitted from one person to BPBanother except by the agency of the ^ anopheles mosquito. In short, if we exterminated this one genus we vi would have abolished malaria. While .V such a complete conquest may not be possible, still an enormous reduce tion in the amount of malaria and in the numbers* of mosquitoes may be effected, and since the measures .v directed against anopheles will also destroy all other forms, the relief ! from annoyance will be vastly gratitying. ^ 'That the measures to be urged are possible and practical has been proved by the 9perations of the United States government near Washing; j ton, the drainage of the New Jersey . marshes, the work of Dr. Doty, of ifersj New York, and last, but not least, by the brilliant results achieved near Charleston by the drainage commission of our own county under the leadership of Hon. James Cosgrove. "The malarial germ or parasite ? . can .enter'the body only by the bite > ' of an anopheles mosquito, which f 7 mosquito must previously have suck ^ ed up the germ along with blood from j; some other person having malaria of \ several days' duration. The'mosquito is harmless unless -ft has nreviniislv * bitten a malaria-infected individual. Once in a person's blood, the germ, or Plasmodium, as it is called, can j continue to reproduce and \ multiply indefinitely unless killed by medi.f cine, making ite victim sicker all the r. time and gradually or rapidly destroying the blood cells. "It has never been proved that malaria can be acquired or trans^ mitted in any other! way although painstaking efforts have been made Cv by drinking swamp water, breathing bad air, etc., in all such cases the :X experimenters who volunteered to |yfr sacrifice themselves failed to contract malaria as long as they were f i protected from mosquitoes. "It is important to know the habits of this malarial mosquito. Ii feeds during the night from sundown to sunrise the next morning. During the day it goes into retirement. This explains why the rice planter in the low country does not contract malaria while on his plantation during the day. 0 "Also it is the habit of this mos quito not to travel more than 100 r yards from its breeding place. Yellow Fever, Filariasis and Dengue. "Yellow fever is a disease dreadjjjf r ed the world over. While usually considered a tropical disease, it has visited South Carolina and has occurred as far north as Baltimore and Philadelphia in the United States. The stegomyia calopus, the mosquito which transmits the disease, is al1 ways present in South Carolina, so that we are liable to an epidemic at a anv time should a case of the disi ease gain access to our State. * * * The habits of this mosquito is similar to that of the malaria mosquito, feeding during the night and retiring during the day. "Filariasis means the growth in i the blood of a spdfcies of worm. The worm is introduced during the bit, ing act of certain mosquitoes. The worms multiply, block up the lymph V- -' * -?. . FIRST GAS BURNER. Origin of Gas Jet Traced to Woman's Thimble. A woman's thimble is said to have been the means of suggesting the first gas burner, says the Popular Science Monthly for August. William Murdoch, the inventor, first burned the gas simply as a flame from the end of a pipe. One day in an emergency he wished to stop the illumination. Hurriedly looking around for something, Murdoch seiz ed his wife's thimble and thrust it over the light, which was immediately extinguished. There was a strong odor of gas, however, and the experimenter applied a light to the thihible, discovering that it was full ot holes, through which tiny jets of flame appeared. The importance of the result was that the illumination from those two or three tiny jets wras much brighter than had been given by the great flare from the end of the pipe.. Acting on the principle which this chance discovery revealed, he constructed what was known as the Cockspur burner. (Continued on page 5, column 2.) | channels of the body and cause certain conditions known as chyluria and elephantiasis, ending usually in death. It is probable that dengue, or breakbone fever, is transmitted by the mosquito, but this has not been proved as yet. "The only rational way to fight the mosquito is to destroy his place and opportunity for breeding, remembering always that the main object in view is the removal of all collections of standing water within a week of their formation. * * * "It is a known fact that without free access to water the mosquito cannot live. The cisterns of Char'--A? A- j- ? _ ~ j lesion axe iu ue I'uuuemucu 11 ? c expect to get rid of the mosquitoes. The Fly in Its Relation to Disease. "The house fly is of no earthly use; it is a constant menace to the health of this nation, so much so that it has been called the "typhoid fly." Among the diseases spread by this insect are consumption and tuberculosis, typhoid fever, infectious bowel troubles, such as diarrhoea and dysentery, suppuration or 'festering' of wounds and abrasions, summer diarrhoea of children, Asiatic cholera and others. "These diseases are all transmitted in the particles of filth which cling to the hairy body and legs of the fly?these particles, consisting of human or animal excrement, pus, blood or decaying food, may contain the germs of the various diseases named. The excrement of the fly, the familiar 'fly speck,' has also been found to contain living disease germs which had been fed previously to the insect and had passed through its alimentary canal without losing vitality or virulence. "The heavy death rate from typhoid and diarrhoea diseases among our soldiers during the war with Spain was due chiefly to the agency of the fly rather fhan to the bad beef, of which so much has been printed. In one of the large camps of soldiers lime-covered flies were commonly observed crawling over the food on the men's table; the lime came from the open closets used by the men. "It is estimated that 5,000 infant I deaths every year in New York city! are due to house flies. What the yearly total for our State is can onlj be imagined. "Quoting from the State board of health in 1913 there* were '10,000 cases of typhoid fever and 900 deaths in the State.' "Physicians now recognize the fact that the fly is rr.ore common and a more certain vehicle for typhoid fever than either water, milk or food. Aside from its crimes against health laws, the fly is a violator of all laws of decency and cleanliness. Its unspeakable, loathsome filth is alone sufficient to make its destruction an imperative, universal necessity. "The best way to abate the fly nuisance is to prevent the breeding of flies rather than to attempt the destruction of the full grown insects. "Keep always in mind that flies and filth belong together. Filth is necessary for the propagation and breeding of the fly. In the absence of filth there will be no flies. "The remedy is obvious: Clean ..T* n/innnn im ond l-OAn nloon Q n n up, 9VX CCil UP axiu n.w<f vvuu muu I screened. "Since flies do not travel more than a few hundred yards in horizontal, not a hundred feet in vertical distance, each man is responsible, usually, for his own flies, and their breeding places. Houses should be screened, especially kitchens, pantries and dining rooms. All meat and fruit shops should be screened, and screened windows and doors must not be allowed to become broken or to stand open. "Not until the community as a whole understands to what extent the flioo a r-i r? iriftcnni'tnoo o ro o manopo tn Xll^rO UUU U1V/0 4 UiVVUU U>X V (A U1VAX1U\;V W the health of our city can we succeed in our efforts to exterminate these disease carriers."?Charleston Poet. f 1 MAKING HIGH EXPLOSIVES. Charlotte Man Tells of Hazardous i Work at Hopewell Plant. War orders for ammunition and high explosives for foreign nations at war are being rapidly filled, and 1 many contracts for ammunition and explosives that were made a year or more ago, will soon expire, in the 1 opinion of Mr. Preston Irwin, a for- 1 mer Charlotte boy, who is at present 1 in charge of the gun cotton labora- ! tory of the DuPont works at Hope- 1 well, Va. Mr. Irwin believes that the expira- J tion and completion of the first contracts placed by warring nations for 1 ammunition and explosives, will soon 1 be at hand, and that there will be a 3 general renewal of contracts with- ! in the next few months, though there appears to be doubt whether these contracts will be as large as the first ones placed. The allies appear to be in better position today to manu- , facture all of their needed ammuni- , tion than they were at the beginning of hostilities. As Mr. Irwin told of the various j processes required to make the , finished gun cotton, he was asked if there were not great danger all the time in the work. "Well, I should say there is always danger," replied 3 he with a smile, "but so many precautions have been taken and the employees exercise so much care and so many scientific plans have been put in use to take away the danger that I think the number of accidents j has been reduced to a minimum." In the Hopewell plant it is possible to turn out 1,000,,000 pounds of finished gun cotton every 24 hours when orders are sufficiently rushed to demand a full time operation of 4 the immense Hopewell plant. "While there were 25.,000 men ^ working at the Hopewell plant a year ago I should say that the num- ' ber now is not more than 15,000," ] said Mr. Irwin today. "It is thus seen that the rush is somewhat over, and that manufacturers are now able , to keep pace with the demands upon . them better than was possible a year ago. However, I should say that on ( account of the difficulties in shipping, that much ammunition ordered ] a year ago is just now reaching its ' destination among the countries , .which placed their orders in Ameri- ' ca." 1 "The Hopewell plant," said Mr. Irwin, "used far above 1,000 bales j of cotton or linters, each day whqn i running at top speed making gun cotton, the sole product of the great Hopewell plant. It is estimated that 100 pounds of cotton or linters will , make 150 pounds of gun cotton. This < is a fair basis upon which to calcu- 1 late. The Hopewell plant is capable J of making - at least one million j pounds of gun cotton every 24 * hours." 3 Mr. Irwin told interestingly of the complicated processes used in making gun cotton. Strange though it may seem, there is an almost unbe- ] lievable quantity of water used in making gun cotton. This is due in c part to the many washings, baths 1 and boilings, to which the gun cotton is subjected in the effort to ex- . tract all surplus acids from the mix- i ture, and to( get the. product as clear J of all foreign matter as it is possible to do with modern scientific methods, f After the linters or cotton have been I thoroughly cleaned and bleached, i they are dipped into the acids, nitric and sulphuric acid being used, and . this imparts to the cotton its first essential qualities as an explosive. In order to prevent the detonating of the explosive, the gun cotton is kept in a very n^oist state all of the time, and is nevqr allowed to become dry, for that would mean chemical decomposition and possibly an explosion. The gun cotton is packed, very moist, in airtight boxes, and thus the moisture in the cotton or linters is re- | tained and the danger of an explosion is removed. ^ The Hopewell plant makes only J gun cotton, and if it desired to take t this product and turn it into the < large or small grain powder for big ( enma. toroedoes. etc.. it is sent to . U 7 *- - # other finishing plants of the DuPont 1 company and there mulced into the J proper size. The gin cotton from Hopewell, said Mr. Irwin, is sent away in the form of pressed cakes or cubes, and has a white appearance, and in this form it has been subjected to enormous pressure in the making of these cakes or blocks. These, if course, are highly explosive, when properly detonated but modern precautions are such that there is a minimum or danger in nananng this product. In reducing these ' cakes of gun cotton to powder, various processes are used. The gun cotton powder for the huge guns of ] the warring nations is very granular, the grains being as large as plums, but very irregular, when in- ; tended for the big guns. The rifle ' powder from gun cotton is of much smaller grain. It is hardly possible j to detonate this powder by ordinary * hammering or jarring, and it is only j when the proper fuse is attached that f this terriffic explosive gets in its t * MEXICAN COMMISSIONERS. Carranza Names Men to Confer 01 Border Troubles. Mexico City, August 3.?It was of ficially announced at the Mexican for eign office today that Luis Cabrera Ygnacio Bonillas and Albert Pan have been selected as the commis sioners to negotiate with the Unitec States commissioners regarding th< questions at issue between Mexic( and the United States. The commis sion will be.headed by Senor Cabre ra and Juan B. Rogo will act as sec retary. Eliseo Arredondo, the Mexican am bassador at Washington, has been no tified of the appointments/ The delegation will start for the United States as soon as possible. Senoi Bonillas already is on his way t( New York. Jeadly work. Often charges art used that weigh from 200 to 40( pounds, declared Mr. Irwin, wher the largest guns of war are fired. Mr. Irwin, who is in charge of the gun cotton laboratory at Hopewell has the task of inspecting knd test ing the manufactured gun cotton, anc though the work be considered vers iangerous by the outsider, carefu preparedness against accident hat rendered the work comparatively safe. The Hopewell plant represents many million dollars expenditure anc svas one of the most quickly erectec plants of its kind in the world. The big contracts for ammunition seen f pn the eve of slowing up now thai the nations have better organized their home resources. Mr. Irwin is much interested ir the plan to extract nitrogen from the lir, as he states that were the sup ply of nitrates from Chili cut off this country would be without means pf making ammunition, unless th< nitrogen-from-air process is mad< more efficient and cheaper, thougt under stress this source may be capa ble of meeting the demands, as ii has done in Germany, which, says Mr. Irwin, is now securing its pow der material, so far as nitrogen is concerned, entirely from the atmos phere. This field is a fine one foi experiment and much is looked foi from this source in the near future.? Textile Manufacturer. Drives Out Malaria, Builds Up Systen rhe Old Standard general strengthening tonic SHOVE'S TASTELESS chill TONIC, drives ou Malaria,enriches the blood.and builds up the sys km. A true tonic. For adults and children. 50c Whenever You Need a General Tonh Take iGrove's The Old Standard Grove's Tasteless chill Tonic is equally valuable as I General Tonic because it contains the well known tonic properties of QUININE and IRON. It acts on the Liver, Drive* Hit Malaria, Enriches the Blood anc Builds up the Whole System. 50 certs Dr. THOMAS BLACK, JR DENTAL SURGEON; Graduate Dental Department University nf Maryland. Member S. C State Dental Association. Office opposite new post office and >ver office of H. M. Graham. Office lours, 8:30 a. m. to 5:30 p. m. BAMBERG, S. C. No. 666 This is a prescription prepared especially or MALARIA or CHILLS A, FEVER. ?ive or six doses will break any case, and f taken then as a tonic the Fever will not eturn. It acts on the liver better than Calomel and does not gripe or sicken. 25c RILEY & COPELAND Successors to W. P. Riley. Fire, Life Accident INSURANCE Office in J. D. Copland's Store BAMBERG, 8. O. jx-Fos, A Mod, Effective Lexative ft Liver Tonlt Does Not Gripe nor Disturb the Stomach. !n addition to other properties, Lax-Fos :ontains Cascara in acceptable form, e stimulating Laxative and Tonic. Lax-Fos ids effectively and does not gripe noi listurb stomach. At the same time, it aids ligestion, arouses the liver and secretions md restores the healthy functions. 50c. LIFE, FIRE, LIVESTOCK HEALTH and ACCIDENT INSURANCE \gent for Superior Monument Co }an Save you Money on Tombstones W.MAX WALKER EHRHARDT, S. C. J. A. Klein Mrs. J. A. Kleir Teachers of Piano and Organ Studio Over HerndoiTs Store Duos and Quartets for Two Pianos and the Proper Training of Beginners a Specialty [lie Strong Withstand the Heat ol Summer Better Than the Weak Old people who are feeble, and youngei people who are weak, will be strengthened md enabled to go through the depress ? ? - ' l j 1? 1 1. ng neai 01 summer Dy lajung reguianji drove's Tasteless Chill Tonic. It purifies md enriches the blood and builds uj he whole system. 50c. ' - - - '' 1 [ www l&awfe awou/nt AWOOMAu ' i : Safety % THE BANKER ISINTERESTE IS THE ONUY MAN IN TOWN W 1 VICE FREE. THE BANKER LIKf . ONEINtHISCOMMUNITYGETT] I SUCCESS BREEDS SUCCESS ! AND DO ASSIST EACH OTHER. BE A SUCCESSFUL MAN. r BANK OFTEN AND BECOME 01 COMMUNITY. I BANK W1 WE PAY FOUR 00 PER CE POUNDED QUARTERLY, I Farmers & Me BHRHARD'j a?? A Card to of Rural Tele , We are anxious to see - other parties and connected 3 condition as to furnish effic r" owners of rural lines are res r we want to co-operate with All lines require a the ; sionally if the best service ; recommend that every lis - overhauled at least once a y experienced telephone man : cost of this work when divi 3 of the line, makes the am< L J > firrmll and this rnst will be I improved service. II the owners of rural te " tion are experiencing troubl will appreciate their talking Manager or writing us ful ! what we can toward helpin i dition of your line. ) SOUTHERN BELL TE AND TELEGRAPH i BOX 108, COLUMBIA, ? t _______ R. P. BELLINGER I ATTORNEY AT LAW Office Over Bamberg Banking Co. a /IATiawoI D?A/I^AA f ( IUCUU1M1 A A ItlULg I l PIP :p The Quinine That Does Not Affect The Head si Because of its tonic and laxative effect, LAXA- j TIVE BROMO QUININE is better than ordinary ? Quinine and does not cause nervousness nor y ringing in head. Remember the full name and 1 look for the signature of E. W. GROVE. 25c. PORTABLE AND STATIONARY ENGINES: ! AND BOILERS ] Saw, Lath and Shingle Mills, Injec- s ; tors, Pumps and Fittings, Wood Saws, Splitters, Shafts, Pulleys, h Belting, Gasoline Engines e LAROESTOCK LOMBARD s Foundry, Machine, Boiler Works, Supply Store. o AUGUSTA, GA. it jj Ib Best material and workman- I a 1 ship, light running, requires I f< little power; simple, easy to I T handle. Are made in several I ~ } sizes and are good, substantial I money-making machines down I to the smallest size. Write for I catolog showing Engines, Boil- fl F ers and all Saw Mill supplies. I ^ H mm [ LOMBARD IRON WORKS & S SUPPLY CO. fl I ( ' Augusta, Ga. fl I D IN HIS DEPOSITORS. HE HO WILL GIVE YOU HIS AD- - V%g S TO SEE YOU AND EVERY[NG RICH. AND SUCCESSFUL MEN CAN PUT SOME MONEY IN THE <E OF THE RICH MEN IN OUR [TH US | NT. INTEREST. COM- '-Jm [)N SAVING DEPOSITS J | rchants Bank 'I r. s. c. ' % Owners , _ Jj :phone Lines jf that all lines owned by \ with us are kept in such ient service. Where the ponsible for their upkeep, them. 'Ipl trough overeauling occa- - |l is to be obtained. We le connected with us be ear, and that at least one assist in this work. The ' I f I ded among all the patrons | ount paid by /each man more than offset by the ilephone lines in this sec- I le with their service, we ; ffl the matter oyer with our [ly. We will gladly do g you improve the con-> 1LEPH0NB fS\ rn\fP a nv u jtla u SOUTH CAROLINA. @1 OTICE TO DEBTORS AND CREDITORS. :"? ?$ All persons having claims against ie estate of S. D. Guess, deceased, re notified to file same duly verified i the undersigned; and all ersons indebted to said estate will lease make payment to the undergned. J. S. WALKER, July 19, 1916. Executor. [OUNTAIN AND SEASHORE EXCURSION. Fares from Denmark to Baltimore, Md $12.25 Washington, D. C 10.25 rorfolk, Va - 9.75 lichmond, Va 9.75 Wilmington, N. C 6.15 nd to about twenty-five other reorts in North and South Carolina at orrespondingly low fares, and the xcursion fares apply from any other oints in South Carolina and the outheast. Tickets will be sold for all trains n Wednesday, August 16, 1916, lim;ed returning to reach original start ig point until midnignt 01 septemer 1st, 1916. ATLANTIC COAST LINE "he Standard Railroad of the South. For fares, schedules, sleeping car ccommodations and any desired inDrmation, call on, J. B. LILES, icket Agent, Denmark, S. C. E. H. HENDERSON Attorney-at-Law BAMBERG, S. C. eneral Practice. Loans Negotiated. FRANCIS F. CARROLL Attorney-at-Law Office Over Bamberg Banking Co. GENERAL PRACTICE. BAMBERG, S. C. v ft i .'J> V /