The Bamberg herald. (Bamberg, S.C.) 1891-1972, August 05, 1915, Page 7, Image 7
\ BLOCKADE
OF NEUTRAL PORTS.
<
Forecast of Supplemental Note Great
$ Britain Will Send United States.
* Washington, July 2S.?Defence of
the rights of belligerents to blockade;
a neutral port through which an ene4
my is receiving supplies or attempt- i
irie to market his own products is
the chief argument that will be made'
in the supplemental note Great Bri-'
I tain is preparing in reply to the Amer-i
ican protest-against enforcement of
orders in council. The original.note,'
received last Monday, has been with-,
held from publication at the request
of the British foreign office, pending
f\ ^ the arrival of the supplemental com/
munication expected within a week J
^ A11 other issues than that of the;
blockade of neutral ports, it is learn-J
?hv tbp Rritish
*ru, VWli a cjm aaa.aa 1
government as subsidiary and propei
* for later discussion.
On recognition by neutral governments
of the principle from the Brit
ish viewpoint depends the ability of a
belligerent, which otherwise has established
control of the sea. to profit
by the enormous expenditure and sac(
rifice which made possible the con-,
trol. The matter is all important in
the British view. Two developments
not discussed in the original note will
be taken up in the supplemental communication.
Not Yet Discussed.
The first is the American caveat of
July 17, conveying the notification
r that the United States would not rec
ognize the orders in council as a sudI
stitute for provisions of international
' laws. The second arose in connection
with the enforced unloading at
* London of the cargo of the American
.
|steamer Neches June 2. The ship
? was en route from Rotterdam to New j
York with a cargo of non-contraband.
- mostly of German and Belgian origin, j
The British asserted the right under,
Its blockade of Germany and that part
of Belgium at present under German
control to prevent any goods from be*
z ing exported the sale of which might i
aid the enemy financially.
: i Because the principal British argu-'
ment is directed to that phase of the
right of blockade which affects goods
sought to be introduced into an enemy
country, it is believed the British
I
a*'- foreign office felt it necessary to supplement
the original note by an argu^
ment extending the claim to cover
nocA nf ovnnrfPrl from the'
, . V4 DVV^W r ~ ?
enemy country through a neutral,
port.
Civil War Precedents.
t" * 'I
Civil war precedents on the right of
V /blockade form the chief basis of the
11
Xl British argument, attention being
; separately called to the famous
'^Springbok" case before the United
States supreme court developing the
l'* "continuous voyage theory." Though
v / this doctrine which, it is asserted,
justifies a belligerent in blockading a
neutral port was strongly resisted by
^ - European nations, the fact that it was
i accepted by the Alabama claims arbi1/
tration was sufficient to make it an;
endurable principle of law according1
to the British view. Therefore, the!
( * order in council which is believed by
British officials to be entirely in accord
with that theory, will continue!
to be applied, although with due deference
to the protection of legitimate
. neutral trade.
Incidentally it is contended by
>? . . t
* Great Britain in its communication j
fthat the execution of these orders in:
council so far has not resulted in any;
damagfe to American trade.
* * T LV....OAO
? Anwnran imuc n^um. ;
Y According to the British view, that'
trade has waxed enormously large!
I since the beginning of the war. Amer-!
V ican treasury figures showing an in-j
* crease of $2,000,000,000 in exports
G; during eleven months, while American
ocean freight has grown by 744.-j
jf' ' 000 tons, significant as indicating the'
amount of American goods entering
Germany and Austria.
Attention is directed to statements
that American exports to the Nether-1
:
lands have increased from $93,000,b-t:
000 to $122,000,000: to Sweden from,
$13,000,000 to $71,000,000: to Norway
from $",000,000 to $35,000,000,1
and to Denmark from $13,000,000 to1
$70,000,000.
That America received a fair sup- >
ply of goods from Germany, notwithstanding
the war is shown, the j
ijj* British claim, by the fact that in
r eight months the imports from that
country to the United State aggregat-;
ed $86,000,000. and it is noted also'
that the import of dyestuffs from
Germany was greater than the preJt
vious year.
k !ielieve<l in the Cop.
'-i- * "* I
Mistress?Well, cook, if you and I
the other maids are at all nervous of;
the Zeppelins, you can have your
beds removed into th? basement.
Cook?No, thank you. ma'am. We
have every confidence in the policeman
at the gate.?London Punch.
A Way Out.
j Father?Tommy, no more pudding,
tonight. A little boy can't sleep on a
* full stomach.
Tommy?All right, dad, give me'
some more pudding and I'll sleep on;
my back!
r
f
w
\
m
PLANS FOR LARGER FORCES. \
1
Secretary of War Is Considering Far- o
Reaching Changes. n
g
That Secretary Garrison is prepar- t
ing a far-reaching plan for military a
reorganization, coupled with an in- c
crease in the army, appears to be Sj
pretty clear, says a Washington spec- t,
ial to the New York Evening Post.11
He is not only working steadily at! r
his office, but has been holding even- j
ing conferences at the Army and , 0
Navy club and elsewhere with the 0
leading generals on duty here. If re-v
ports are correct, he will renew all: b
the recommendations made last year,!
including the one for 18,000 coast \
artillerymen, and ask for still more, j p
and there are even those who think ! v
that he may ask for a complete reoi-!d
ganizat.'on of the National Guard, the \
establishment of a reserve, and for g
other militaristic measures. Just t
how far he will go will not, of course. j(
be known officially until he is either n
ready to announce it in the war de- 7
partment, or reserves it for publica- p
tion in his annual report which ap- s
pears in December. !"
At present, there is less interest p
here in the exact scope of his plans
than in the attitude of the president
toward these recommendations and j
toward Mr. Garrison himself. Last
year, Mr. Garrison made some rec- n
ommendations in his report which n
were at direct variance with those in t
the president's message, a rather sur-!^
prising happening in view of the fact 0
that a cabinet officer is not supposed ja
to differ from his president in a far-jp
reaching matter of policy of this kind.! v
Apparently the president had never !j
seen Mr. Garrison's report before he: ^
published his own message. What:
people are wondering about now is j n
whether this performance will be re-|n
peated this year, or whether the pres-i v
ident will before long, send for Mr. I J.
Garrison, come to an agreement with j v
him as to any recommendations that i _
should be made, for an increase of: ^
our land armament, if any. and make b
him confine himself to that which Mr. p
Wilson will himself urge in his mes- b
sage to congress. e
Cabinet Has Had Free Hand. In
a sense, this will be a test of the j
whole Wilson theory , of cabinet government.
Up to this time, Mr. Wil- j(
son has given his cabinet officers an b
unusually free hand in the manage- p
ment of their respective departments. e
He has been so concerned with ques- s
tions of foreign policy, and has had
to give so much of his time to being I 0
his own secretary of State, that he n
has not wanted to be bothered with
the details of the departments. He t
has trusted absolutely officials like ^
Secretary Lane and Secretary Garrison,
and he has rather impatiently'
brushed those aside who have reach- n
ed him with protests against the de- ^
cisions of these officials. He will not ^
reopen cases which they have decid- ^
ed if he can help it. An instance of,
hjs loyalty to, and trust in. his sub-j
ordinates is his hearty endorsement'
and approval of the work being done f
by Secretary Daniels, with which he ^
asserted, he is thoroughly familiar,
In other words, his relations to his i
I a
cabinet officers have been in a large j
degree the same that he had with his ^
heads of departments in Princeton
University. They, it is said, had com J
?
plete sway within their own field; i
but whether this is so or not. it isi '
Q
known that the type of official who1
f g,
serves him best in Washington is hej
who lets few of the questions before'
1 0
him reach the white house for dis2L
cussion or approval. It was this
policy which made possible the dis-1
sonance of last year, when the report L
of the secretary of war and the presi-i^,
dent's message showed, to say the g
least, a lack of co-ordination.
In some of the departments one!
hears in consequence complaints loud j
and long* that it has never been so;t,
difficult to reach any president and I
1 w
to get his mind centered upon lm- j ^
portant departmental matters. It isj
admitted, of course, that President ja
Wilson has had larger and more far-' ^
reaching national questions to grap-j
pie with than any president of
vears. .Moreover, he is a tremendous-j
l n
ly hard working man: he has neither
the daziness nor the procrastination;^
in dispatch of official matters which!.
marked Mr. Taft's incumbency of the I
white house. He labors early and j
late without regard for an eight-hour I
law or any other. But the question j
still remains whether he is sufficientt
j]
ly overseeing and directing the ac-1
tivities of his cabinet. '
Sentiment Kast aiul West.
The question also is asked whether !
lj
greater co-ordination would not in-j"
- - * it-- a
crease the striKing iorce 01 me ?nuir
I S'
administration, and whether certain
. . . , . ! u
definite policies, even in domestic
matters, ought not he laid down for ,
d
himself and his cabinet to follow.!.
The question presented by this mat-i
ter of armament will call for a seri-j
ous decision on the part of the presi- |
dent. Will he follow his secretary
of war. who has completely gone ovei b
to 'his militarist side, and is believed a
to be doing just what the generals,
wish him to. or will the president s<
stand pat on his message of last year, n
and let Mr. Garrison work along that w
line of arming the citizens, which Mr. o
Vilson himself suggested last year? f
'he decision will be an important I
ne, and it is safe to say that it will
iot be influenced in the slightest deree
by the pumped-up activities of
he Navy league, or the artificial charcter
of the propaganda of the Seurity
league. These may cut a coniderable
figure in certain newspapers,
ut it is pointed out here that when
he National Security league held its
ecent conference in New York city,
elegates and spectators never ran'
ver 100 at one time, and the parquet;
f Carnegie Hall was only half-filled
.hen the conference was addressed
y a couple of ex-secretaries of war. j
Just as it is perfectly plain here that
here is far more talk of war in the
in * V*/-i U'ocf cn thorp is
rfClSL cuail 1 Li tlic ?? VO\,, ?v ???v? ?
ery little heard here from the Mid-,
le West or the Pacific coast about
he need of increased armament,
ome influential newspapers like
hose in Chicago favor increased miliary
burdens and expenditures, but
lany similar Western papers like thej
"opeka Capital, the property of thej
tepublican governor of Kansas, are'
trongly opposed to what they call,
imitating the militaristic folly of!
lurope."
Views of Hay and Chamberlain.
It is to be supposed that the presient
will consult with party leaders!
ike Representative Hay, the chair-1
lan of the house military affairs com-]
littee, and Senator Chamberlain, of;
he senate military affairs committee, j
'hese men have almost diametrically
pposed views. Mr. Chamberlain is j
n ardent champion of Mr. Garrison's!
roposals, while Mr. Hay last springi
. as wholly opposed to any increases,
n a recent interview, he has modied
this position, at least to the exent
of advocating the passage of the
~:i:<.in Kill nna nf the mncf npr
uiiiLia yo.j uiiit vuv xj*. vmw r^- .
icious measures advocated in recent)
ears, in that the expenditure will
un into an untold sum, sum that noody
can estimate, and that will carv
with it the formation of another
angerous military machine and loby.
It is proposed, for instance, to
ay the national militia, which has
een from the foundation of the govrnment
ready to serve for nothing.
0 cents a night for attendance at
rill. It is submitted that there is
othing in the history of our pension
sgislation which would warrant anvody
in thinking that this rate of
ay, if fixed now, will stand unchangd
very long. There wil be progresive
increases precisely as in the hisory
of our pension legislation. Morerer,
federal pay for State militia
leans the final breakdown of State
ontrol of militia. The powers of
he State have already been tremenously
encroached upon by the proisions
of the Dick law, and the aplication
thereof by the war departlent,
which now dictates to the inividual
States what companies shall
e permitted to remain 111 uie service!
nd what shall be mustered out.
Federal Control of the Militia.
Already one hears the argument
hat the United States had better
rankly take over the militia and run
t to suit itself, as it does that of the
iistrict of Columbia, and that then
new force should be created which
hould be a State affair. If this were
one it would create the national reerve
force which Secretary Root urgd
years ago, but which he desired
o obtain in a different way. In this
onnection it is pointed out here that
ome of the militia officers who were
t first eager for this legislation have
ecome convinced that it would "Crete
a Frankenstein," have withdrawn
rom th*e propaganda, and are now
rorking against the measure which
hey formerly advocated. One of
hese is Col. William A. Bates, of the
enventy-first New York regiment.
This is but one of a number of
roblems that the president must
olve with regard to the army and
he navv. Beyond all, he must decide
hether his party is to yield to the
ue and cry for more men and guns
nd ships that is going on in certain
uartors during this war, or shall
ait until it is over for calm conideraticu
of the situation in which
he world then finds" itself. It is a
atural tendency of politicians to
ompromise in a case of this kind:
he old Roosevelt principle of meetlg
a dangerous propaganda by givlg
it an inch lest it take an ell alays
appeals to politicians, and so
he Democratic leaders may decide
y go a little way toward militarism
1 order that the Republicans shall
ot make the question of national de?nse
a campaign issue.
Finally, it will be interesting to see
' the president will be accessible to
rgnmentf from representative perms
and organizations prior to his
riting of bis message on this oue j
Ion, or whether he will come to this!
eoision. as he has to so many others, I
> the solitude of his study.
Didn't Like Halls.
"Did you ever go to a military
all?" asked a lisping maid of an |
rmy veteran.
"No, my dear." growled the old j
oldier. "In those days I once had ai
lilitary ball to come to me. and.
hat do you think? It took my led
ff." 11
i
..." .
- - -
I I
High Price Paper |
AT
A* A
:;%d
.
., v*^3
ww Prices 11
IS ONE OF OUR SPECIALTIES J
I Another Shipment 1
Just Opened I
fijl
Our regular customers ',?|
know what this state- 4
ment means, but if you -M
have not been buying |1
your dox paper 01 us,
you had better come in 9
and see for yourself. if
We have an arrangement with
our jobber to take the entire line II
of drummers' samples. We get ||J
naoer worth from 25 cents to
K X * _
$1.50 per box, and sell from | J|
10c to 40c per box. You can M
find every style and shape here. 1 ||
| We get all the new styles, but if ||
| you want the newest styles you J|
| have to select early. .*. .*. .'. .'. '
I BETTER COME TO-DAY ||| j
Herald Book Store! J
- - 4 " Ti^TTTTV 111
MAIL UKULK5 5UL1LI1LU II |
Telephone 59-L Bamberg, S. C. I 1
,L==== 1111 J