Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PART S. C. TOOK IX WAR. I j I I*rize Winning Essay at Denmark! ( High School. ] 1 . t The following essay by Miss Chris- ( tabel May field won the prize offered ; by Grahams chapter, U. D. C.. of ] Denmark, being read at the closing ] exercises of the Denmark high ] school: , ( South Carolina has always boldly j expressed her sentiments on any j if * question. Calhoun, one of her sons, t enunciated the doctrine of nullifica- ( tion and the right of every State to secede, and in so doing expressed ] the opinion of the entire State. She ] declared that if a president were ever ] elected by a sectional vote there ] could not be harmony in the union < and it would be best for the other ] section quietly to secede. When Lin- ; coin was elected presidentj by The j Krvrfhprn States. South Carolina pre- | pared to carry out her threat by im- < mediately seceding. Thereupon a convention was called and met in Columbia on December 17. 1860. for for the purpose of drawing up an ordinance of secession. Gen. D. R. Jamison, of Barnwell district, presided over this meeting. On account of the opposition to secession, which was led by Wade Hampton, though not a member, the convention met in Charleston, where there was no 6uch opposition, and where 500 men, whose slogan was "secession or g* death." were prepared to pledge life and fortune to the Southern cause. Fnally, the ordinance of secession was signed December 20. Just as South Carolina was boldest in expressing her views and was the first to secede, so she did her part best in the war. j When men were needed she respond- ; ed to the call: when money was 1 needed, she sent what she could. < l South Carolina sent more men to fight against the enemy, in compari- I son with her population, than any ! other State and more money in com- 1 parison with her wealth than any : other. Seventy-five thousand Caro- 1 linians?that is, one man or boy to 1 every three people in her territory? i enlisted in the Confederate army. 1 ?About 60 per cent, of this number ! ^ere either killed or wounded?a < greater per cent, than in any other I State. There were 10,000 old men and boys over 60 and under 16 who ' formed a homeguard. Besides these, : South Carolina guaranteed $130,000.- i 000 in Confederate bonds and thus . . ithe accumulations of our people for; < more than a century were poured < fc>" into this war. ' Of the 568 officers who attained;! p?- . the rank of general in the Confeder- ] ate army, 52 were Carolinians by < birth. Among these were: John i Pemberton, John B. Hood, James S. ] Longstreet, M. C. Butler, Johnson; 1 Hagood, of Barnwell district, Micah i < Jenkins, George McGowan. the brave |< Gen. Barnard E. Bee, who was killed' 1 jf?v at Manassas, where he gave Gen. T. J. Jackson the soubriquet "Stone- i I / wall," and Wade Hampton, who. t though opposed to secession, yet, i : - when his State seceded, asked that i he be allowed to organize a CQm- 1 pany (consisting of infantry, cavalry 1 'and artillery), which he equipped i at his own expense. c At Manassas, Gen. Hampton for hours kept a large force of federals < WiBE . from crossing Stone bridge and then s rushed forward and captured two c Mnnrtn Uq ti'Oc \i*it h Ctnort in Viic \ famous ride around McClellan's ? army. Afterwards lie was sent to t keep order in Chambersburg while i the Confederates were passing 1 (through. On May 11, 1864. Gen. Hampton was placed in command s of the cavalry of Lee's army, a posi- i - , tion which was now vacant on ac- 1 count of Stuart's death. The Caro- 1 ? *'v*v linian engaged Sheridan again and i again, while Lee and Grant were fac- t ing each other in the Wilderness and t around Richmond. Hampton, by t sheer fighting, obtained such a repu- < tation among his enemy that a North- < ern writer in a poem, entitled "Bay < Billy." said. < swr" 1 "On the day, we routed the terrible i Hampton." i $ Had the war lasted a little longer 1 Hampton's fame would have been ( equal to Stuart's. Gen. M. C. But- I ler commanded one division of the ' cavalry, was engaged in most of the < battles and. like Hampton, came back i to South Carolina to oppose Slier- : man. i On the first day of the battle of ' Gettysburg. McGowan's brigade drove i the federals from Seminary Ridge into the town. On the second day, < Kershaw's brigade of McLaw's divi-j sion of I.ongstreet's corps, was sta- : tioned at the foot of Little Round; Top. Cannon halls were making i gaps in their lines while they held: their Pre and advanced. More of; the enemy's guns were turned upon them, but in they went with fixed;: bayonets. When the federal nius-! keteers opened fire, the Confederate riflemen did their york and the ene-, my was driven to the ridge beyond. A large part of the glory of that sec- 1 ond day of Gettysburg belongs to the men of Kershaw's brigade. When Grant was trying to get int< Petersburg. Hagooa's brigade stoo< >n guard in rain and snow and kep lini back. Evans" brigade was 01 :he top of the hill under whicl grant's men had dug a tunnel, fillet t with powder, and then struck ; natch to it. When the top of tin till was blown off. many brave Caro inians were killed. Then the Feder lis rushed forward and the Soutl Carolina troops, immediately ruling, kept firing upon them until re nforcements came. me victory o :he crater is due largely to the mei 5f Evans' brigade under Elliot. Gen. Lee ordered a Georgia regi nent under Tige Anderson to storn Fort Harrison at daybreak, and Jen kins' brigade to support him.. Thi Federal fire was go galling that th< Georgians wavered, but the Caro tinians rushed onward in face of i md almost to the mouths of thi ?uns. In the early morning ligh they failed to see the shivers o spikes which had been placed aroun* the fort and many. rushing upoi them, were killed. While the. federa ;uns played havoc with the ranks the Confederates were forced to re tire. Although unsuccessful in thi ittempt to tane rori narnsuu. ever, me admires the bravery of the Caro linians. The Federals attacked the Confed crates of Hagood's brigade at Alex mdria and they surrendered durim his absence. When Hagood return 3d. hearing of the surrender, he ral lied his men and rode up to a younj Federal officer who held the flag o tiis regiment and demanded by wha right he held it. The officer replie< that it had been surrendered. Ha ;ood demanded its immediate returi ind when he refused, shot him dowi md took it. His men then cut thei way out of the Federal lines and es raped. Charleston was many times at tacked but it was never taken. For Sumter, .which guards the entranc to the harbor, was attacked by thi Federals three times, but each at tempt was unsuccessful. It was th< last seaport to be evacuated by th Confederates. When Sherman wit! his large army entered South Caro lina. the garrison abandoned th city and entered North Carolina t< fight in the last battles of the war fa the meantime, the Federal genera was destroying all the crops and fooi supplies and was burning many o the beautiful homes in his path Just as he was entering Columbia oi tme side, the last train of Confed crates was leaving from the other riie Northern soldiers plundered al the homes and took all the valuabl possessions they could find. At i certain signal?the shooting of sky rockets?fires were lighted in al parts and the city of Columbia wa burned by the enemy oy order o 3en. Sherman. Be it said to hi credit, however, this was a fact whicl le took no pride in. South Carolina used the first heav; irtillery in the war, 6he was the firs :o think of covering vessels with iron md she had the first submarine eve nade. Hart's battery, which 'was jrought over from England by Gen iVade Hampton at his own expense vas the heavy artillery used in thi lefense of Charleston. William Gilmore Simms, the poe md.novelist, took a small ship anc some railroad iron and fixed thes< >ver the top of the ship in such < vay that the sharp edges almost me ind the curved sides caused the balls o roll into the water. The boat was lsed in Charleston harbor and was tnown as the "floating battery." Dr. F. F. Carroll had a boat fixec ;o that a person could dive under th< vater and blow up things with it -le placed it in Clear Pond, a litth )e!ow Midway, where he practicec intil he could blow up trees. Afte: hat this boat was taken to Charles on, where a boat, the Little Davit hat could hold eight men, was mad< )n the same order. This boat sanl >ne ship, and while trying to sinl mother got stuck, it was gotten u] md it sank another, but for sonn -eason it got caught under the sink ng ship and was carried down witl t. The people of South Carolin; should be proud of the fact that thi irst submarine was invented by i Carolinian and the people of this sec lion, that it was by a man from Barn tvell district. We see the important if this invention now. Think of th< lumber of warships that have beet sunk by the Germans and of ho\ nearly we were brought into conflic with her because she sank a passen ger ship with Americans aboard. V?y* r? /-v i r> cr o n ininctifp 11 we WUUIU I **- UUUlf, tiij^wv.vv ~ our Southland if we did not mentioi her poets as it was they who. by thei stirring war songs, stirred up th people and gave them words of en rouragenient when they were de pressed. The two South Carolin poets were Henry Timrod and VV Hilmore Simms. The former by hi sweet poems lead the Carolinians on ward and the latter by his masterfu poems and novels stirred them. Not only, however, did the men d their part, but the women of Sout! Carolina did theirs also. They fe< the Confederate soldiers when the passed through. The ladies aroum \ } GIRLS WORN OUT AT 21. i t Working on $2.8."> a Week, Have \<? i Chance. Says .Mrs. Hohhins. l i The average working gir! receives i but $2.79 to $2.$.". a week wages. 5 sleeps without a mattress, eats chief ly rye bread and olive oil, goes with out lunches and cuts down the rest i of her food supply when she has - to have clothes, never dreams of a - vacation or time to read or study f and is quite worn out and unfit for 1 motherhood at the end of five years' toil or by the age of 21, says Mrs. - Raymond Robbins. president of the i National Women's Trade Union - league, according to the Baltimore e Sun. e While the figures quoted apply to - sweatshop work, she said also that t one-eighth of all women employed in e the United States earn less than $o aj| t week, one-third less than $7, two-j r thirds less than $10 and but one-' i sixth over $15. 1 "Many women fear that higher 1 wages for these girls will mean higher prices for their candy and lingerie. - but the labor cost is a very small j 6 part of the cost of production?onl> y 17 per cent, in some industries, 51 - in others. Even if the cost of goods was raised to the consumer, should - we not hol4 life dearer than cotton - cloth? I "The tremendous monotony, the - speeding up to which girls are sub jectfed and the poor conditions of ? living on a sum under a living wage, f finds the girl by 21 losing out, even t at that age unable to do what she 3 did when she began, and in many in" dustries the physical strain of her 31 work has unfitted her completely for 31 montherhood. r ''"There are also unfair conditions " of which the public little dreams, as, for instance, there are factories and " sweatshops where girls are required 1 to pay five cents a week for drinke ing water, and where they pay for e the very electricity that runs their employers' machines. Nor are the e girls allowed to complain. e "All this is absolutely at variance 3 with the ideals of American freedom " of thought and political democracy. e "A point we cannot omit is that 3 of the pitfalls that await the help' less. The agents of commercialized Ijvice are found in every store and j factory. The girl alone will be inf; suited and if she protests, dismissed. The Women's Trade Union league 3 has made it a rule that if a girl is " insulted, every girl on the force is to ' go on strike, if the apology is not 1 forthcoming." e _ a NITRATE DEPOSITS OF CHILE. B I Many Things to Which Users Should I s* Give Close Attention. S s The world's supply of nitrate, for g i use in the manufacture of fertilizers, K explosives and other chemical prod- B ir ucts, is now derived almost entirely I t j from the deposits of sodium nitrate E I in northern Chile. These deposits g rjare vast, as compared with any prob 5 able future demand, and even the I best efforts of a close monopoly sup,t ervised by the Chilean government 3 have not been able to do more than keep output and prices under some t small degree of control. In ordinary 1 times the Chilean deposits can ? swamp any possible competitive supi ply. and in the past this has operated t to prevent the development of small s or less well located deposits elses where. s The Chilean deposits have, however. one marked defect which is 1 brought into prominence by the pres> ent European war and which disas. trous form In case of a war between 3 the United States and any power 1 having an effective fleet in the Pacir fic ocean. The defect is entirely by . sea, and that the steamers carrying . the nitrate must make a long run 3 along open coasts. We must, therev fore, consider that nitrate, though c the supply is more than ample, is 3 likely to be cut off under \yar con3 ditions. In default of a supply of Chilean i nitrate a country would have to fall i back upon either (a) local or other if natural nntash or soda ?- I Vi. a [nitrates, (b) nitrogen extracted from . the air, or (c) nitrates manufactur. ed from coal tar products. All of e these are tehnically feasible, and e none are absolutely prohibitive as to i cost under war conditions, though v in normal times none of them can t at present compete with the Chilean' . supply.?Engineering .Magazine. o Graham's turnout fed them for over) a two weeks when they were being' r transferred from Charleston to Ten-1 1 e)nessee. Moreover the heroic women ,-jof our State established hospitals or ! homes as they were generally called, i a | to take care of the wounded soldiers., '. When they heard that the North had s | declared the Southern ports blockad -led. they raised some money and S 1!bought two ships to be used by bloc!:- E jade runners. Many times these pa- I o triotic women sent supplies to the I hjarmies. Although the South Caro- E d lina women took no actual part on y the battlefield, they did all they could I d for the Southern cause. ^ ll 1 H. M. GRAHAM, Pres. N. A. HUNT, 1st Vice Pres. J. E. NEWSOM, Cashier 5 ^ ROBERT BLACK, 2nd Vice Pres. | ^ I CMTCDDDICE1 U A MIT I Liii l li\i unni\ . l Bamberg, S. C. Dear Sir: The war clouds are thickening and the outlook for the future is not so bright. We have the greatest abundance of eatables, of things to wear and of ^ A ? ? -1 TTT ^..1 J 'l k ^ ? iyv ?"A n .A . V* /V.O .A y./l All TTTT^Vi HO CA money 10 spend. vv uuiu n nui ue \\i?>e iu open ct sciviiigs actuum n mi uo o\/ | that in case we should have a real panic in the future you would be on the < -v. " safe side. There is nothing so uncomfortable as to be without money when you need it most. There is nothing so comforting as a bank account when # . (L*'1 money is at a premium. ; ' IJPfe In order to encourage those that would provide for a rainy day we have decided to pav 5 per cent, on all savings accounts left with us for three months or - longer. . ; -'iiHl We are the first in this section to pay 5 per cent, on savings accounts, and if the money at interest in Bamberg 'county at 4 per cent, was- increased to 5 per cent, and the difference given by the depositors to our several orphanages, W; there would be many a little soul made happy. Suppose we try it. VV e predict if this is done that Bamberg county will be the best advertised county in ^ili South Carolina and such an advertisement as this will be worthy of imitation, and will be followed by other counties. Let our county lead the other counties in good deeds. " ' It is our purpose and desire to have on deposit in our savings department by 1st Februarv, 1916, at least fiftv thousand dollars, and we want you as one of - - '. .. - . our depositors. It will help you and it will be appreciated by us. It you nave an account with us now open one for your good wife or your children. It is wonderful how an account in the savings department will grow when started, I and one dollar will start this account. ' Yours very truly, ENTERPRISE BANK. 7jjfl SOMETHING NEW! I \ THIS IS THE LEVER ^ THE LEVER LOCKS ^ tiT . 9 ii i n i cAftm r n.? I waterman s laeai rocm aeii-mimg rouniam reii When a Better Pen is Made L. ^ E. Waterman Co. will Make It. They Have Made It! ||j And we have just received the biggest assortment sho>vii in I Bam berg in many years?all in The New, Better Kind ^ PRICES FROM $2.50 TO $725 Everyone carries the famous f Waterman guarantee. Let us . vjl show you this extraordinary pen . ^ || MIL ORDERS FILLED SAME DAY RECEIVED 1 ' !J|jj ii. u n. _i_ Ci..? -1 neraio dook oiore i * ^ ^