Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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CULTIVATING THK CROC. j Why We Cultivate and Why We 1 Should Continue to Cultivate. I If we restrict the term cultivation j to tillage after the crops are plant- I ed and designate the tillage before planting the seed as preparation, then most Southern farmers cultivate to kill weeds. Even some scientists, accepting the apparent results of limited experiments, have suggested that | to kill the weeds is the chief purpose of cultivation. But tillage before and after the crop is planted cannot be separated, in so far as effects on the soil and ' crops are concerned. This is true, even if the sole purpose of tillage 1 were to kill weeds, for on the thor- ' ,1 oughness of the preparation largely ? depends the ease with which weeds 1 and grass can be killed after the crops are up. Anyone knows that it is much easier to "keep out of the grass" if the land is thoroughly pulverized before the crop conies up. and how much easier it is to kill young grass and weeds in a soil made mellow by thorough preparation and the addition of large quantities of decaying vegetable matter. If the preparation is thorough and moisture conditions right it may well be admitted that the chief object of cultivation is to kill weeds: but under usual conditions cultivation _ serves other purposes of scarcely less 1 importance. c The purposes of cultivation, there- * . fore, may be stated as including tlie j 1 following: \ - If 1. To kill weeds. 2. To aerate and improve the mechanical or physical condition of the soil. | 3. To save moisture, or prevent as; far as possible too great loss of water ; by evaporation. * i It is not easy to overestimate the j importance of killing weeds in all i crops. They do damage by consuming plant foods and water which may j be needed by the crops; but they may j also crowd and shade the crops and leave seeds or other means of per-! petuating themselves, which make future cultivation more difficult and expensive. Here in the South we have given altogether too little attention to the importance of preventing weeds from making seeds to be scattered broadcast and torment us in j future years. This is especially true | as to our corn fields when cultivation i I is stopped early and the growth of corn is light. Even this one purpose I of preventing the production of grass and other weed seeds might well be considered as justifying later culti- j ration of corn than is generally prac- I ticed. Where only two-horse culti- j vators are used in the cultivation of corn there .is some excuse for not I I ( cultivating after the corn is waist i high, but in the South where one-! horse implements are "largely used j j there is no good reason for laying by ^ corn so early, especially since late (. and light or shallow cultivation is | . usually'profitable as a means of sav- ' ing moisture. If the land has been broken deeply, is well filled with humus and thor- j oughly pulverized before planting, cultivation after the crop is planted is chiefly to kill weeds and save mois- y ture; but in most cases the cultivation after the crop is up is also use- o ful in pulverizing the soil, thereby aiding in setting free plant foods by promoting chemical changes. Early ^ in the season when the soil temperature is apt to be too low and when ^ excessive moisture excludes the air from the soil, cultivation may be of great service in helping to correct these unfavorable conditions to plant t growth. In such cases deep cultivation may be of great benefit, even though considerable injury is done to the roots of the growing crops. This does not mean that breaking the roots of the plants is not an injury: but it means that under certain j conditions it may be the lesser evil. c Any breaking of the roots of the plants is probably an evil, but it may easily be less injurious to the crops ^ than to prolong the injurious effects of grass and other weeds, or less in- ^ jurious than to allow a soil which; ^ has been over-wet and become so |" compact as to exclude the air, to remain in such condition. On a soil c well drained, containing sufficient humus, and properly prepared by deep breaking and thorough pulverization, deep cultivation after the . roots have filled the soil is rarely g necessary; but the fining of the soil ^ and aid which cultivation offers to ^ the introduction of sufficient air are . important purposes served by culti vation on most Southern soils. In s fact, it is doubtful if there is any more important effects resulting from cultivation than those which aid in ^ the setting free of plant foods, or promoting chemical and biologic (bacterial) changes. Next to the killing of weeds the most important service of cultivation, j1 as viewed bv the majority of good farmers, is the conserving or saving of moisture for the use of the grows ing crop. East of Texas. Southern crops often suffer more from too much moisture than from a lack of r. I mscrss fkafk at iiagi k. j < Conference Includes Delegates From ( liel liferents. The Hague. April 11.?For three lays there has been a private discus- v ;ion of peace here by a conference. 1; onsisting of about thirty delegates li :roni the I'nited States. Holland. Ger- o many. Austria-Hungary, Sweden, li Norway. England. Belgium and Switzerland. The conference came s :o an end today with the drafting of 1 i programme for action in the va- o rious countries. A short record of I d lie conference's work was issued as It ollaws: I I '"The .object of the meeting wasjv lot to suggest steps to bring the warj V o an end, but to consider by what i C irinciples the future peace of the j .vorld would best be guaranteed, i a U'ter a full discussion a minimum j ii * j J I . Programme was unanimously aaopt-|i ;d. t: "The action to be initiated in the e iifferent countries ultimately will be r iupplemented by an international fi propaganda. A central committee G or a durable peace has been created is a link between the national organizations. The committee of the Dutch anti-war council supplemented >y members from other countries, f1 vili serve as the executive." ] 11 Mrs. Fanny F. Andrews, of Boston. ) P vas the American delegate. I n ! p noisture, and this is especially truei^ )f cotton. On the other hand, there1 s scarcely a season when corn and , i 1 liany other crops do not suffer at ~ ;ome time during their growth be;ause of a lack of moisture. i The crops require large quantities! >f water to produce maximum or ^ argest yields, and it is important ' hat this supply of water lie fairly. onstant during tiie growing season, j." excessive variations are always hurt-j ul, too much or too little water beng equally against large yields. A . oil that is too compact or one that is j umpv or one that is too loose mayj I ^ ose water so rapidly either by evapo-j ^ ation or by leaching that the crops t< nay suffer. These conditions are best i a irevented before planting the crop,!. >ut a soil that is not cultivated suffi-i I o iently often or that is cultivated too , \ | Qi leeply during the growth of the crop . nay suffer unnecessary loss of mois-J ^ ure during seasons of scant rainfall.' , i a f the surface of the soil is left un! e: iven or in ridges; if the soil is culti-j.. ated too deeply so that the deep soil r* >ecomes too loose and too much air>! I nters: or if the top soil or the sur-i ace becomes hard or crusted, the' f oss'or moisture is greatest. rui ; hese reasons shallow cultivation is :enerally believed best to prevent tin-1 lue evaporation, loss of moisture rom the soil into the air. But under mod soil conditions: that is, in good.i J eep soil, finely pulverized but not too j( oose. rather deeper cultivation than m s generally supposed, best prevents oss of moisture by evaporation. King; ound that cultivation three inches ^ leep best prevented loss of moisture o: n this way, but on most soils culti-1 ating a crop three inches deep would j ^ esult in too great root injury, be- S( ause many soils are broken only ajm ittle deeper than this. It. therefore, j 31 i .gain becomes a choice of the lesser i ^ if two evils, and probably the culti- p] ation which best saves moisture j without too great root injury is from j >ne and one-half to two inches deep. | Why does this shallow cultivation; in nd maintaining a level surface pre- \ as I fl ent loss of moisture by evaporation? J* There are two reasons why high ieds or ridges dry out more than ai i-hen the land is level. The ridges as xpose a larger surface or a larger 111 ? c i ^ V? ~ n-riA en n a n rl , Hi UK IIL Ui 2>UII IU mc an ouu CUM ; he thimor narrow ridges also dry M. ut more completely because the j arth is thrown up. Shallow cultiva- ? ion conserves moisture better be- | ause the water cannot pass through s? . loose covering of earth. It is necesarv for the soil where the roots are ocated to have a certain degree of ompactness in order for water to j ome up from below to feed the! dants during dry weather. This wa- J ^ er is brought up by the heat of the un as oil is raised in the lampwick. f the soil be moderately compact and q et finely pulverized this water rises sj rom the subsoil to the surface. If Y he surface has a hard or compact }' 11! :ru6t it finds the best conditions for jE scape into the air, hut if there is a b< oose mulch of dry earth on top the t'ater cannot so easily pass through ^ t because of the spaces between the ~~ oil particles, and is held in the soil eneath for the use of the plant roots, f this earth mulch, or dust mulch, as C> t is sometimes called, is maintained 111 /bout two inches thick by frequent hallow cultivation little injury is je lone to the roots in dry weather and es , large quantity of water is saved for ^ he plants. The prejudice against late cultiva- d) ion is due to deep cultivation at that Js inie. The maturing crops need large inantities of water and it is plain Q1 hat if cultivation at that time saves p, noisure it is as beneficial as at any th ither time, provided the roots are not ^ tii eriously injured.?Progressive Faruer. ?,i Read Bamberg Herald $1.50 year. CAItOLIMAX IX ITALIAN XAVV. raiulson of Clisirlestonian Who .Married Into Italian Nobility. Should Italy join the allies in the k'ar of the nations, as it seems likey she will, South Carolinians will j lave a special interest in at least one j if her naval offic ers, Lieut. Bentivog-! io Middleton. Lieut .Middleton's father, of the ame name, was born and reared in ! taly. his father being a .Middleton f South Carolina and his mother a aughter of the noble house of Benivoglio, sister of the Cardinal of lentivoglio. The .Middleton who first! ,ent to Italy was a brother to Oliver.! lenry A. and Williams .Middleton, of 'harleston. When Lieut. Middleton's father, as young man. learned of the break-: rig out of the War Between the Sec-1 ions, he came to America and fought hroughtout the war in the Confedrate Stages army. After peace was estored he returned to Italy and was or some years an officer of the Noble luard at the Vatican. The Submarine Schley. When the submarine boat of the uture makes a dive to come up no lore except uy me aiu ui me gi ayling hooks, she will carry a crew of ot 12 or 20 men, but 30 or "?0, and erhaps more, for fifty will compose lie maximum crew of the Schley, the ioneer of the new type of submaine now being built for the I'nited tates navy. It is possible that the uccessors to the Schley type will cary even a greater number of men, nd that the submarine will eventual. reach the proportions of a battlehip under water. The Schley, in let, will be equipped to make the ound trip to Europe. ' The Schley [ ill be a combination battleship and itbmarine. fitted for deadly work oth above aijd under water. In mgth she will not be .very far short f a city block, and will make 7,000 liles at 12 knots without putting'in) port for a new supply of fuel. The rrangement of her torpedo tubes, 10 i number, is such that they may be perated at any angle, and it will not e necessary to maneuver the vessel lto position. The Schley seems to e the forerunner of newer and more 1 readful things.?Charlotte Observr. I tit lurrire iw Dm CMI EN TV EE AO IN DLU?LlTliiENT PHYSICIANS FAILED WONDERFUL RECOVERY I wish to inform you of the great enefit I have derived from the use I Swamp-Root. 1 had been a sufferer >r more than twenty years from kidey and liver trouble and was almost instantly treated by the most emient physicians who could only give ie temporary relief. I had been in ed ten weeks when I began the use f Swamp-Root. Inside of twenty>ur hours I could see that I had sen. greatly benefited. I "continued > use Swamp-Root until I had used jveral bottles when I really felt that < iy old trouble was completely cured ad I am positive that any person tffering with kidney or liver troule can be cured by the use of this reparation. I am now in the best of health, stter than I have been for ten years r more. I do not know how to exress myself as strongly as I desire, i favor of Dr. Kilmer's Swamp-Root, 3 I am sure that it saved my life and ' tat my good health is due entirely > this great remedy. I heartily 'commend it to every sufferer and n confident they can be benefited > I have been. It is a pleasure for ie, gentlemen, to hand you this 'commendation. MRS. H. J. PRICE. 106 Center St. Portsmouth. Ohio. Personally appeared before me lis 13th of September. 1909, Mrs. . J. Price, who subscribed the above atement and made oath that the ime is true in substance and in fact. R. A. CALVERT. Notary Public. ' letter to J>r. Kilmer & Co., Hin^hamton, X. Y. rove What Swamp-Root Will Do For 1 Oil Send ten cents to Dr. Kilmer & : o.. Binghamton. X. Y., for a sample ze bottle. It will convince anyone. ; ou will also receive a booklet of ] aluable information, telling about i le kidneys and bladder. When writ- 1 ig, be sure and mention the Bam- 1 ?rg Weekly Herald. Regular fifty?nt and one-dollar size bottles for < tie at all drug stores. CITATION NOTICE. The State of South Carolina? ounty of Bamberg?By Geo. P. Haron, Esq.. Judge of Probate. Whereas, Mrs. G. W. M. Kearse ith made suit to me to grant her tters of administration of the itate of and effects of Mrs. Jane M. rl Ckf'CtCk CoH These are therefore to cite and Imonish all and singular the kin*ed and creditors of the said Mrs. ine M. Rizer, deceased, that they be id appear before me in the Court Probate, to be held at Bamberg, i Monday. April 19th. next, after iblication thereof, at 11 o'clock in te forenoon, to show cause, if any iev have, why the said administraon should not he granted. Given under my hand and seal this 'd dav of April. A. D., 1915. GEO. P. HARMON, Judge of Probate. War Times | After the war horses and mules will be high. Prepare now byraising your own draught horses. See the Thoroughbred, Registered, Pereheron Stallion, La nrm an vivvi giuu Standing at stables of J. J. SMOAK BAMBERG, S. C. Weight 1550 pounds. Piles Cured In 6 to 14 Days Vour druggist will refund money if PAZO OINTMENT fails to cure my case of Itching, Blind, Bleeding or Protruding Piles in6 to 14 days. The first application gives Ease and Reat 50c. Dr. THOMAS BLACK, JR. DENTAL SURGEON. Graduate Dental Department University of Maryland. Member S. C. State Dental Association. Office opposite new post office and ovpr offifp Graham & Black. Office hours. 8 30 a. m. to 5.30 p. in. BAMBERG, S. C. CHICHESTER S PILLS TUB IMAMO.VD BRAND. A If1"1'"' A?t your l>ru^ei,t for /\ p S\ L. jj < lilK-b^t^r l!mnd/A\ I'lil* in Itcd a:: I Gold xi\c\i\Wq\&/ I a, -j-TVJfl *?"? sealed Blue Rii.tKin. \/ I ^ Tnto no othvr. Buy of youp * / ~ ffi " 'ugcl'rt. A-tf. r? III.tMIKS-TEKfi i Jt DIAMOND KliAVK PILLS, fir 85 I VP* W years known as Best. Safest, Always KeliaWs ^?r SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE : nSB PORTABLE AND STATIONARY I Engines AND BOILERS Saw, Lath and Shingle Mills, Injectors, Pumps and Fittings, Wood Saws, Splitters, Shafts, Pulleys, Belting, Gasoline Engines LARGE5TOCK LOMBARD Foundry, Machine, Boiler Works. Supply Store. AUGUSTA. GA. Invigorating to the Pale and Sickly The Old Standard general strengthening tonic. ! GROVE'S TASTELESS chi'l TONIC, drives out i Mala:ia.enriches theblood.andbuilds upthesys- , tem. A true tonic. For adults and children. 50c LIFE, FIRE, LIVESTOCK HFAITH W AffiriFNT Illiniilll IU1U JlVVAfUilA INSURANCE Agent for Superior Monument Co. Can Save you Money on Tombstones- ; W. MAX WALKER EHRHARDT. S. C. Whenever Yon Need a General Tonic Take Grove's The Old Standard Grove's Tasteless > chill Tonic is equally valuable as a General Tonic because it contains the well known tonic propertiesof QUININE and IRON. It acts on the Liver, Drives rot Malaria, Enriches the Blood and Builds up the Whole System. 50 certs. J. F. Carter B. D. Carter CARTER & CARTER Attorneys-at-Law GENERAL PRACTICE BAMBERG, S. C. CITATION NOTICE. The Sute of South Carolina? County of Bamberg?By Geo. P. Harmon, Esq., Judge of Probate. Whereas. J. Wesley Crum, Jr., hath made suit to me to grant him letters jf administration of the estate of and effects of Douglass Richardson, deceased. These are therefore to cite and admonish all and singular the kindred and creditors of the said Douglass Richardson, deceased, that they be ^ i r* t ll Q Prill rt Clf tiiu apptrui ucivic uj iu - ? Probate, to be held at Bamberg, on Saturday. April 10th, next, after publication thereof, at 11 o'clock in the forenoon, to show cause, if any they have, why the said administration should not be granted. Given under my hand and seal this 17th dav of March. A. D., 1915. GEO. P. HARMON, Judge of Probate. RILEY & COPELAND I Successors to W. P. Riley. Fire, Life Accident INSURANCE Office in J. D. Copeland's Store BAMBERG, S. C. FRANCIS F. CARROLL Attorney-at-Law Office in Hoffman Building bin A ij ritAtiita. BAMBERG. S. C. 11 BHnBSBHflHBHi B = ; B^j Lessons Come Easier I ] TF the child has a hi?, generous light to | ' ?; ; J study by. The J3djy& LAMP B I I saves eye strain. It is kerosene light at I I its best?clear, mellow, and unflickering. | >V N The RA YO does not smoke or smell. It 1 is easy to light, easy to clean, and easy to 1 ; < 1 H rewick. The RAYO costs little, but you 1 jj cannot get a better lamp at any price.1. I STANDARD OIL COMPANY | M Washington, D. C. (NEW JERSEY) Charlotte. N. C, | i H Norfolk, Va. DAI TIMADr Charleston, W. Va. e H Richmond, Va. J5AL 11MUKL Charleston, 3. C. | ^^PSffs^jearnings yoirare Vi^; ^P| j ? Times Master-if &? V pp^ you don't save x | you fall his slayer r |?jg You are not stingy if you save money, 4 but sensible. ; : ^ What other people spend foolishly is^ i m making others rich and somebody is saving a part of what you spend. You >.'9 don't deny jourself pleasure when you save, because saving becomes a pleasure H and results in comforts and pleasures . >jfp that no one can enjoy but those who have saved. Don't deny yourself a Bank account. Start with $1; " a 4 per cent Interest Paid on Savings Deposits. % . -"^J PEOPLES BANK ^Bambe^ * - *?9^1 " 1 hat's the third time this morning. 1 can't wait a moment longer oc that fellow. Let me see?what is Smith's number? % ' "If Jones won't provide sufficient telephone facilities for his customers, he can't blame me for dealing elsewhere. Operator, give me 437." :rj% How do you know this very occurrence doesn't happen with your single telephone. Have an auxiliary line; the cost is trifling. Call the business Office today SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE ff m\ 1 AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY MQuJ BOX 108, COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA. * ' ' ~ -'.j-'k' r'i ' ' r ??5S \ ' ' jjtL.: -M