THE BEGINNING OF THE EX
I. .
Survey of the War in Europe at CI
of the Fifth Month.
In any general survey of the 1
tory of the great war in its fi
month, the moral rather than
military effect of the operations ta
first place. For if the German
tack in the opening months mi
fairly be likened to a forest
sweeping irresistibly forward o
vast districts, ever widening its a
of destruction and mounting e
higher in its violence, it is net 1
patent that, December come, th
was east and west in Europe an <
eiofii.oniric of thp fire?erow
UGUV. o
competence on the part of th
whose necessity it was to limit, c
trol, extinguish the blaze.
Looking at the field of operat
in December, it was plain that wl
there had been no success yet
actually extinguishing the con
^ gration, it had been limited, circi
scribed, confined .to the narrow
bounds since it broke out. In pla
it was actually flung back; at
point was it permitted to ratagain
many of the districts wh
it had swept over in the early d
of August and September.
In September it was Paris wh
had been in danger. In October,
November, the German drive for
seacoast, for Calais and Dunk:
threatened to conquer for the kai
that "window on the channel" wh
for all Pan-Germans had been
dream of all dreams, the first s
U'QC trt n Cfl 1
in lilt? sei itrs nuivu < , for
Germany her "place in the su
But if in November and in
t terrible battle of Ypres, of Fla
ers, this German advance had b
halted in December It was clear t
like the march to Paris the sw
to the channel had been definitely
pulsed. From Switzerland to
North Sea the great German off
sive had come to a full stop, fal
dead, lost the necessary numt
and force, had sunk to the level
j a mere siege operation in which
Germans were more frequently
the defensive, than the offensive, s
one by one towns and villages
Flanders, in Artois, in Ohampae
which had been captured in the
tial drives, were regained by all
advances, advances measured
rods, not miles, achieved in di
not hours.
1 For this t?e explanation was
be found rather in the east than
west, for while her western campa
was still at a crisis Germany 1
again, as before the battle of
Marne, to hurry eastward tro
necessary to enforce victory
Flanders to avoid the imminent <
aster -Jtussian masses had prepa
;t__ ,
in Poland. East and west, Russi
French and British armies increa
in numbers, in effectiveness, in i
terial, particularly in artillery, wl
Austrian resources and military va
^ . declined still more rapidly than
fore, and at last there seemed to
the -approach of a time when C
man numbers and courage. Gern
efficiency and skill would no lqn
avail to keep the battle lines on b
&L. - fronts outside her own territory.
"> Looking seaward, too, the decis
defeat of the last German fleet
the high seas?always inevita
given the superiority of the al!
navies?served to emphasize o
more how fatally the net was be
drawn about the German enjpire.
P . served to recall for all Americ
the circumstances of the Confec
acy, when?Geddysburg lost, and
Atlantic blockade made effectiv
.L . the superiority in resources and ni
bers of the North was establish
and the Civil war settled down t
process of attrition. Then came
struction by campaigns in wt
... -l->? J ,,,
nenner skiu, ue?uuuu, uui ??
could avail against numbers, wea
and sea power.
Thus for the outside world
cember seemed to mark the bei
ning of the end. not in the sense t
the approach of peace was mea*
ably hastened, not that the prosi
of a long and terible war was t
ished, but simply in the sense t
under the political conditions ex
ing, while the ranks of her enen
remained unbroken, there was
longer any promise of ultimate C
man victory. Germany's prob
henceforth seemed to be one of
fense not attack, of endurance
conquest. William II was not
conquer Europe as Napoleon did
Austerlitz. Germany was not to <
trol the continent as France ha
little more than a century before,
remained to be seen whether
German emperor could hold Belgi
as Frederick the Great had I
Silesia, against the combined n
tary strength of Europe.?Frank
csmnndQ in Rpvipw of Reviews.
Who Said It?
Who said money was scarce? '
First National bank of Aurora ad
tises: "Money to loan to farmers
feeding cattle."?Chicago Tribum
Bones of the albatross are b(
used to a very great extent of
as mouthpieces of pipes instead
amber.
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i! I "The M
11 112 BullS
iyS,
I *
to! WIRELESS PHOMXG 100 MILES.
the! ?:
ign Iielayed From Steamer to Herald
had Square via Wireless Station,
the!
i
?PS! This is the story of the first wirein|less
telephone communication from
ais~ the bridge of a steamsnip, iuu mnet
red at sea, to a land station some disan>
tance from the coast, as recounted
sed by the New York Herald.
aia"j It occurred, says the Herald, when
Mle! Capt.- Gibbs, on board the little
ilue freight vessel Tyler, of the Old Dobe~:
minion line, fitted an ordinary telebe;
phone to his lips and called:
ler-| "Hello Herald, is that you?"
Qan j When he did that the Tyler had
ger passed the Roamer shoal, and was
?th i about 100 miles from the Herald
I wireless station at the battery, where
'ive! the messages were received and reon
j layd to several points about New
York city. ,
lied! Dr. D. G. McCaa, inventor of the
nce : system employed, was at the Herald
'insj station to hear the first successful
11 j test of this epoch-maKing step in the
ans science of wireless communication,
ler- The flood of wireless questions that
the rained in on the Tyler from every
e? ship and shore station along the
jm" coast was such as to make him beied,
ijeve that the years he has spent in
0 a perfecting his system have not been
de- spent in vain.
iich __ , T
~~ .Maae xesis nasi i car.
ilor
lth In June he succeeded in talking
from the Tyler to the Herald station,
j)e_ but at that time the operator on
rin- board the steamship spoke directly
^at into the instrument and his voice
jur- carr*ed onl.v as far as the battery.
)ect Several days later, by simply placing
,an- the wireless receivers at the Herald
hat I station against the transmitter of an
,jst_| ordinary telephone, a voice from the
lies Tyler was beard at the Herald office.
n0 in Herald square, but the sound was
,er_ indistinct.
leni | Last night Capt. Gibbs spoke from
^ the bridge. The relays that Dr. Mcnot
Caa has been perfecting, carried his
t0 voice into the wireless transmission
at apparatus on board the Tyler, whence
>on_ the electrical waves bore it to the
^ a Herald wireless station. From there
they were again relayed first to Mr.
the D* TerreH? the United States
jum wireless inspector, then to the main
iej(l office of the Herald, and later to the
lili- Brookl>'n residence of Mr. H. B.
H Walker, president of the Old Dominion
line.
The Tyler cleared the hook at half
T ,nnpr hpforp sllP
Ipctoc sc?cu \f wvw*. -
began her voyage, everything was
made readv in her wireless room
rerfor
and from that time on until morning
a tests were made every half hour. It
was about quarter to eleven o'clock
dug when word was passed from th?
late wireless station to the main office ol
of | the Herald that Capt. Gibbs was go
J ing to talk. This is what the report
/
v r- 4 c
_ If i. v-;. ; ... '.
of All Wo
for Typewi
a A
and Accur
0 %
Op 1
I
e Elliott Cresson.
riority of mechai
construction
[achine thai
treet
er at the end of that wire heard: I v
Hear Inventor's Voice. T
First came a small army of dots'
and dashes, in companies of twos or "
threes, and the faint rumble of a fer-; ^
ry whistle at the battery. Then the I a
voice of Dr. AlcCaa:
"Are you ready? He's working." j
After' a moment the dots and dash-1 0
es died away in a faint buzzing, ^
which gradually died out as the vibrations
of a human voice began.'
At first they were little less than vibrations,
but as the straining ear be-j
came accustomed to them, the letters i
of the alphabet could be heard.
"D, E, F, G, H," and so on, ever i ?
growing stronger, and more distinct
they came. Then, faintly again, Cap- Sl
j tain Gibbs said:
j "I will count." And he did, up to;
i 20. The "final numbers were heard a
' ' &
j as distinctly as thougn-the command- .
j er of the Tyler were at the Herald
| wireless station instead of on his;
bridge well down the coast. No an-;
swer could be made to him because "
i so far Dr. McCaa has not installed a j ^
transmitting station at the Herald ^
wireless station.
The test to Brooklyn was not so j1
t successful. Dr. McCaa was far from; P
t1
being satisfied with the working of
his relays and the added interfer!
SI
ence and resistance of the several
switchboards through which the Captain's
words had to pass to reach .
i b
Mr. Walker was too much to be over-;
come by the intensity of the electrical
waves that carried them. Added
to this the wireless station at Fort i 3]
Worth, actuated by a curiosity that |
was common along the coast, was I
. frantically calling the Tyler to ascertain
just what was going on. j
I
>Ir. Walker Enthusiastic. ! f,
i A
i ' "I could hear his voice," said Mr. Ii
Walker later, "but there were too' tl
; many other noises for me to catch i a
what he said." .Mr. Walker is en-1 d
thusiastic about the possibilities of ii
"bridge to bridge" transmission by. ii
i wireless telephone as is demonstrat- e
ed by the whole-hearted manner in; n
! which he has placed the Tyler at Dr. j p
i McCaa's disposal.
! "In time of danger, fog or any of w
the other perils that beset steam- a
?i ships, the wireless telephone would o
i be a wonder," he said. "I am glad ti
i to hear that the experiments of Dr. s
, McCaa are making such fine head- n
way." | fi
Other gratification than the suc-'c
'[cessful working of the bridge com-|
! j munication awaited Dr. McCaa last t
>; night. Hardly had Captain Gibbs ; i<
. I finished talking with the main office ii
, j of the Herald before the station atjf
; | Philadelphia began to call the Tyler, j g
tjShe is known along the coast as the n
?! "Wireless telephone boat." i ii
f! "What are you doing tonight?" ir
! I
- j Philadelphia asked, and then went j t
-on to explain that Captain Gibb'sjC
rlcFs Used
riter Chan
acy I ful !
Medal The m.
li- in m
t You Wil
oice was heard very distinctly here,
he distance between the Philadelhia
station and the Tyler at this
me was about 150 miles, a greater
istance than Dr. McCaa has been
ble to get results from before. The
Lation at Sea Gate also telegraphed i
5 the Herald station describing the
learness with which the voice on
he Tyler's bridge was to be heard.
Heard by Steamships.
The Hamilton, of the Old Domin)n
line, which left New York earlier
aan the Tyler and is faster than the
ttle freight vessel, reported back to
tie Herald station that her wireless,
nerator was able to hear Captain!
ribbs. She was about 100 miles I
outh of the Tyler at that time.
Numerous amateur stations could'
e heard calling the Herald. "WHB," |
nd trying to reach the Tyler asking;
11 manner of questions and radiat- J
ig congratulations to the best of;
heir ability.
The tests on board the Tyler were;
lade throughout the night at inter- j
als of half an hour, and every half i
our that passed added to the marve- '
jusness of the accomplishment. Dur- j
ig each such period ^ie little Tyler,
ut another half a dozen miles be-!
ween herself and the Herald station, I
'ithout apparently diminishing the'
trength with which the voices of
iaptain Gibbs of W. G. Wode and Mr.
earce, Dr. McCaa's assistants on
oard the freighter.
PULPIT REPARTEE IX 1740-42.
Gnisters Like Josiah Ihvight Had a
Remarkably Keen Sense of Humor.
Jonathan Edwards, the younger,
as pastor in New Haven for 25
ears and had a decided influence in
irmintr the \*aw Rneland theology.
I is not easy to characterize the
tieology of these sons of the Great
.wakening (1740-42); they were all
ecided Calvinists, modified accordig
to their individual ways of thinklg,
but they were men of power, and j
very one contributed to the develop-!
lent of the people in their ideas of j
ersonal liberty.
The impression that the sermons j
'ere uniformly long and dry is an ex-1
ggeration, and there were men of |
riginality and humor in 'the minisry,
like Josiah Dwight, of Wood-'
tock, who said: "If unconverted!
len ever get to heaven they wouldj
eel as uneasy as a shad up the [
rotch of a white oak."
There was some disagreement be- j
ween this man and neighboring minsters,
and when they met him in the j
iterests of harmony, he prayed that j
ney "mignt so nitcn men nuioea m-i
ether on earth that they should
ever hick in the stables of everlast-1
ag salvation." Keen wit and sharp j
epartee characterized the conversa- i
ion of many.?From "A History of j
-"onnecticut." by George L. Clark. |
\
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GENERAL PRACTICE 1 State Courts in any CountyBAMBERG,
S. C. 111 1116 StAte' .||H
_| BAMBERG, S. C. <9