Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE DARDANELLES. Famous Strip of Water that is Often Mentioned in IHsjtatches. The national geographic society of Washington, has prepared the following descriptions of the Dardanelles and Austrian Galacia, which are figuring prominently in the war in Europe: Keen political interest has centered around the Dardanelles since the time when Persian strength was tested upon the soldiers of free j Vxreece. Aer.\e> vramc una ?? "im his vast army for the invasion of Europe, and crossed the Dardanelles then known as the Hellespont, over a pontoon bridge, constructed near Abvdos. on the Asiatic side, and touching Grecian shores near Sestos, where the waterway is about 6,500 feet wide. It was on this occasion that the capricious currents of the strait called forth the most historic spanking ever given. They carried away the pontoons, whereupon Xerxes ordered the Hellespont to be soundly flogged. Alexander, in 334 B. C., 146 years after Xerxes crossed in the path of the Persian and began his successful subjugation of the outworn east. The tide shifted once more, and throughout the long struggle of Byzantium against the east, the Dardanelles were ever and again frontier waters. At last, in 1356, the Turks forced themselves over the muchcontested boundary, spread over its European banks, and settled down to stay. No longer a frontier of easternwestern struggle, the Dardanelles, nevertheless, preserved their political importance, an importance derived, first from Turkish control of Mediterranean-Black sea commerce, and, later, in which the great powers of Europe sought to balance themselves one against the other, and each to make that balance contribute to its own advantage mighty Russia's only ports upon warm water were in her Black sea territory. Conventions of the powers however, have held her shut up fast within the inland sea. For a century these conventions have stood between Russia and her ambitions to have an outlet on the Mediterranean. By a five power treaty in 1841, it was arranged that no ship of war V of any nation other than the Ottoman, should pass the Dardanelles without express permission of the porte. The closing of the strait was reaffirmed at London in 1871, and at Berlin in 1873. Even merchant vessels must have passes, which they are required to show to the authorities at the narrows. Boats may pass through only during the daytime, yet they are required to pay a small lighthouse fee. The strait is a narrow, irregular channel connecting the Aegean sea with the sea of Marmora. It cuts Europe from Asia on a course from southwest to northeast. It is only about 45 miles long, while it varies in width from one to five miles. Its average depth is ISO feet. Upon the European side the shores are steep and barren, and their inhospitable line of battery-crowned rocks makes the Dardanelles a place for unusually strong defense. The shores on the Asiatic side are long-sloped and very fertile: for the most part being clothed with beautiful forests. The Dardanelles guard the approach to Constantinople from the Mediterranean, as the Bosphorus guards the approach from the Black sea. They were first fortified by two castles, one on either shore, in the Af Y orvae onH A 1 av rl ai? Knilf pain isi iiii .\co auu nicAuiiuii , uum by Mohammed II, in 1462. These have been often remodeled. During the last century, with Turkish power apparently acquiescent, the remodelapparently acquiscent, the remodeling and extending of the old fortifications was brought about by French, English and German prodding as temporary interests pointed toward the Golden Horn. The Southern Farmer. The Southern farmer gets up aroused by a Connecticut alarm clock, alarm clock. Buttons bis Chicago suspenders to his Detroit overalls. Washes his face with Cincinnati soap in a Pennsylvania pan. Sits down to a Grand Rapids table. Eats Chicago meat and Indiana hominy fried in Kansas lard on a St. Louis stove. Puts a New York bridle on a Kentucky mule fed with Iowa corn. Plows a farm covered by an Ohioi mortgage with a Chattanooga plow. When bedtime comes, sits besides a / lamp filled with New Jersey standard oil. lie reads a Bible printed in Boston, and says aj prayer written in Jerusalem. Crawls under a Delaware blanket, to be kept awake by the howling of a South Carolina hound?the only home product on the place. And then he raises cain because he can't make money raising cotton.?Exchange. ? 1 NATIONAL PAY DAY. It Ponies Twice a Month in the District of Columbia. Uncle Sam pays liis employees in the District of Columbia on the 1 Gtl] and the last day of every month. /live in W'ooliin Or. VTU\Ci H111C111 ua/o nuoiiiup ton are important dates, both to the employees and to the merchants and others among whom the pay is distributed, says the Cleveland Plair Dealer. I'ncle Sam's paymaster in each department is known as the disbursing clerk or officer. This person is always popular. When the disbursing clerk begins preparations tp "pa\ off" the first thing he does is tc draw a check for the amount needed and take it to the treasury department to have it cashed. The check is honored because it has been previously arranged for by what is termed an accountable warrant drawn and signed by the head of the department. Such warrants are issued as they are needed by the secretary 01 head of each department. If the department is large, and most of Uncle Sam's departments in the district are, the disbursing clerk is usually accompanied by an assistant on his trip for the pay money. Both are equipped with stout bags to carry the money and are always well armed. vvnen me aisDursing cien\ nets piucured the money the next thing is tc get in readiness for pay day. This is the biggest end of the work, but a little machine is now used in most all the departments to lighten the task. In the getting ready process the first thing the disbursing clerk does is to count the money very carefully. This particular cqunting, by the way, is only one of the great number ol countings which the money used in paying off Uncle Sam's district employees is subjected. It is estimated, including the counts from the time the money issues from the bureau of engraving and printing'tc the time its circulation broadens into the vast pay day channel, that is gone over on an average of a hun dred times. The machine prepares the envelopes. and after the disbursing clerk has counted the money he and his assistants place the required amount in each envelope. In a few departments the employees form a line and sign a ledger to receive their pay, but the general rule is for the paying clerks to take the pay envelopes around and distribute them. The bulk of money used by Uncle Sam in paying off in the district is usually fresh and crisp from the bureau of engraving and printing. Oftentimes every bill in the payroll of every department has never known a fold or crease and as flat and as free from wrinkles ^s it was the moment it cam^ from the press. As a rule, the disbursing clerks of each department endeavor to pay off with brand new bills. Badly soiled bills are never given to Uncle Sam's employees. "All the bills come from*the 'big print shop,' as the bureau of engraving and printing is familiarly known in Washington. From that place the money is transferred to the United States treasury. It is removed in a closed van and is guarded at the rear by from four to six detectives, mounted policemen and secret service men. It is received at the treasury department and receipted for to those officials when taken away by the disbursing clerks of the various departments. After it leaves the treasury department the officials there are no longer responsible for it, and it becomes the care of th^e officials of the departments to which it has been consigned. When the number of employees of a department is so great as to make the pay roll a rather huge affair, the money is not carried away from the treasury in bags by the disbursing clerk and his assistant, but is transferred in a wagon. These wagons are kept under strict guard while they are in transit and are being unloaded, and the money removed to the office of the disbursing clerks. To the casual observer it may possibly seem that those handling the money are careless with it and are running a dangerous risk, by exposing the packages or bags, as the case may be, to passerby. But should the casual observer have any anxiety about this, it would be just as well to allay it at once, for not only is there a policeman or two close at hand, and the misguided wrongdoer who might hope to grab a package and make his escape is the wildest possible vissionary.? Cleveland Plain Dealer. Without a Flaw. Grubhs?What is your idea of perfect happiness? Stubbs?Well, if my wife would stop telling me what she thinks of me. and I had the privilege of telling my respected employer what I think of him, it would seem about right.? Richmond Times Dispatch. FUNKKAL OF JAMES B. MOOKE. Brother of Adjutant General Expire* at Barnwell. Barnwell, Dec. 17.?.Mr. James B .Moore, aged 4 4 years, a brother o Adjt. Gen. \V. \V. .Moore, of Colum bia, died at his home in Barnwel Tuesday morning after an illness o only one day. The news of his deatl came as a great shock to his man: friends, very few of whom knew tha he was ill. -Mr. .Moore was on tin streets .Monday morning, but upo; his return home suffered a stroke o paralysis and lapsed into unconscious r ness, from which he never rallied. The body was laid to rest Tites , day a'ternoon in the Baptist church [ yard, after touching funeral service . at his late residence, conducted b; the Rev. \V. L. Hayes. He is survlv . ed by his wife, who was Miss Sari! . Carter, of Anderson; five daughter t and one son: four brothers. Gen. W . W. Moore, of Columbia: Messrs A j R. Moore, of Barnwell; G. H. and J . H. Moore, of HendersonvMle, o. C. and four sisters, Mesdames R. C [ Kirkland and W. C. Milhous. of Barn j well; W. A. White, of Henderson ; ville and E. B. Norton, of Warsaw i X. Y., who have the sincere sym^a r thy of a host of sorrowing friends, i Mr. Moore was a devoted husband [ a kind and loving father and a tru< friend, and he will be sadly misset . in the community in which he ha. , lived for so many years. ' How Tney Got Good Roads in Georgii Pike county has some of the bes 1 roads to be found in Georgia. Thesi roads are not just a few of the mos : public ones, but are to be found thi ' county over. I'p to 1907 our roads were almos ; untravelable. A farmer with a load ed wagon to town, three or fou miles, wouid be from two to threi hours on the road?that is in thi winter time when they were at thei 1 worst, but at their best, from ai hour and a half to two hours wa ' considered good traveling. A bus; farmer who lived three or four mile ' from town and had to go to towi on business usually lest a half day You see rural telephones and parce post were not so common then. Ii fact, there were no rural phone line and farmers had never thought o parcel post. So you see when a far mer needed anything there'w>s noth ' ing else to do but to lose the time Suppose his crop needed him a! ! crops usually do in a busy season he lost a great deal of time. In 1907 there was a change in ou way of working roads. Heretofori our roads were worked by a fev hired day laborers and we wen lucky indeed to get- tnem woritec every two years. These few da; laborers didn't take any special in terest in their mission, their salar: was all they cared for. In the campaign of 1 906 a candi date for governor advocated that al counties in the State work their owi convicts on roads. He promised t( work for this if elected. The far mers seriously realizing this neet rallied to his support. He was elect ed. He fulfilled his mission. A fev counties?about thirty in numberworked their convicts beforehanc and leased them from other coun ties. Pike's neighboring county Spalding, had been at it for years /Iti this 1907 we recalled all oui least ones and put them on our owr roads. Our commissioners bought some twenty large mules, three 01 four road scrapers and severa wheeler dump. This was thoughi sufficient for the time being. TT* ^*%-, *U r,f /In v I?AO/?O Kaoron tr i" i urn mac uux x vstxvxo vv get better, our county began to prosper, our people began to travel more social calls were more frequent, people would go to church more, man} poor and sore-shouldered mules began to look better. We started with some twenty convicts. Bridges thai were out of repair were rebuilt 01 built up. The convicts get over our roads about once a year. Our roads wer? getting better yearly, our commissioners realized that we could do better. They bought a 30-horse-powei tractor two years ago which would pull three scrapers with ease. With this tractor and three or four laborers twelve miles per day was an easy matter. They could work our roads three or four times a year. The convicts with their picks and shovels were put on hills and fills to make our roads straight and more level. They graded our roads down nicely widened them also. Many places in our roads before were so narrow a person could hardly pass without running into a ditch. Now a majority of our roads are thirty feet wide All low and sloppy places have beer filled and now we find no mud holes, I Bridges have been done away with over small streams and large eon! crete culverts have been made: this j looks so much better and is better, : All ditches on both sides are kepi | open. The roadbed-is in a ronndine form from three to seven feet higher than bottom of side ditches. When | we started with our good roads il was thought to be a great undertak jj DRESS t ' STANC e , Washington, D. C. M^^IL- V. I I Richmond, V*. s B>a s ^ 1 - . . . ing. It was, too, but we've execute J our purpose nobly. The cost has n< 3 been so very high. Our taxes are r s higher. Our neighboring countie f roads are not nearly so good, thoug - they've worked theirs with convic " too. They did the work, but didn ' do it as substantially as we. W s now have as good roads both wint< and summer as is to be found an; where in the State. Tourists froi r all parts of the United S.ates prau 2 our roads. The answer of this is nut hard2 simply harmony between commi 1 sioners and people. Money investe f in the right things and good wor on part of overseers and convicts. ? "Our good roads is our password. We appreciate and ^re justly prou - of them. Where it once took froi 1 two to three hours to go, we ca 1 now make it in thirty to forty mil 5 utes with horse, but those more fo: " tunate to have an auto are still be ** * A A rwir 1 ter on?irom ieu iu unesu uu utes.?Frank Dunn/ in Home an Farm. SCIENTIFlClSCOVERY A Vegetable Element That is Rapidl Doing Away With the Use of Calomel. Mack's Drug Store is one of th first progressive concerns to offer fo sale the new system of medicine tha is fast supplanting the use of old fashioned calomel as a liver medicin< Nearly everyone knows how easil the liver becomes sluggish in thi climate and how this sluggishnes effects not only all the other physi cai organs but the mind as well The signal towers of this drea 1 condition, which some call malari ; are coated tongue, lack of energy dull eyes, constipation, sallow com plexion. Taken with regularity this provei ' scientific liquid vegetable medicine ii the form of CARSWELL'S LIVER AID will prevent or promptly reliev j all liver troubles. On sale under money return guar 1 antee by Mack's Drug Store, Bam berg, S. C. j NOTICE. I will file my final accounting a ! administrator on estate of Mrs. B. C s Bellinger, deceased, with G. P. Har n>on, judge of probate, on Saturday January 9th, 1915, and will ask fo ' letters dismissory on said estate. A1 1 persons having claims, against estat i will file same before that date or b forever barred. H. X. BELLINGER. AdministratorDecember 12, 1914. CHICHESTER S PILLS j I.odli-n! Ask your l?roifjrl?t f..r/TV f'.SS M C'hl.ehc?-tcr Diuinoml I I Nils in Ked a.i 1 ;l sealed with l i e KilN.n. \7/ i T?1 Take n? olhor. !> >.- of vour V , I I / ~ m WrojatlHf. A l:f r< ii!.? J|>>.TER! ! I ^ Jt l?IAM?M? J'll.l.s. forSi I | f? years I: nnwn as Ccst, Safest, Aluaj s Rclial.i : I /" buiri b ? ukiu'J^ ;> JIV^KVPRCKI ", Invigorating to the Pale and Sickly 1 j The Old Standard general strengthening tonic ; GKOVE S TASTELESS chill TONIC, drives ou j Malaria enrichestbeblood.andbnilasupthesys " tern. A true tonic. For adults and children. SO ' 1 " '13 ] A 'VOU need a good, VjL A warm room to shave : ??ip and dress in. A Perfec- <. llVTpJwS tion Smokeless Oil rrP-df Heater will warm any I ordinary room in a few I minutes. The Perfection is easily 4 ' portable; you can take 1 | ? ^ R I|m^======= it to sitting-room, cellar i | I. or attic ?any room II : ; j r Ip ?? [jlj where extra heat is need- M Y ? . 11 jR ed ? and it is specially # ; ^ fy Al convenient in very cold 1 4 I*- weather. ThePerfection is economical, too?it bums only when you / -p need it. No coal, no kindling; \ no dirt, no ashes. Good-lock^ ing; easy to clean and rewick; ^ ; odorless and smokeless. /"> 1 1 T^S~\ f) Hp ror kuc at imiuwaic oiiu g^nuw *?**** 2 v-< W iVl I"1 \J Iv J. Look for the Triangle trademark. )ARD OIL COMPANY I (NEW JERSEY) ci?riott?,n.c. Wk BALTIMORE Charlciton, S. C. I K 1 ri rll M * I jf u isn't an Eastman it isn't a ZK.odak I II I On Christmas Morning? ^ |j|j| Kodak. iy The gift sensible, always interesting and forever fascinating. g||l I ysH ; ^ylnubodu Qan Z/vocfak i- y i MACKS DRUG STORE II a P. B. McCRACKI.V, Proprietor Bamberg, S. C. '.'Jig II e . itJI ? Holiday Excursion Rates f^51| ; ; Tickets on Sale December 16th to 25th, inclusive, J i and December 31st, 1914, and January 1st, 1915, . j e I with filial limit January 6th, 1915. Between all 1 | points on the Atlantic Coast Line and connecting I ? I Lines. : S 1 The Atlantic Coast Line I 1; I "The Standard Railroad of The South." I [: | J. B. LILES, Agent, Denmark, S. C. 1